— have the animals held examined regularly in accordance with Article 3 (3) of Directive 90/425/EEC,

— notify the competent authority, aside from the outbreak of notifiable diseases, of the outbreak of the diseases referred to in Annex B for which the Member State concerned has drawn up a control or monitoring programme,

— comply with the specific national measures to control a disease which is of particular importance to a given Member State and is covered by a programme drawn up in accordance with Article 14 or a decision under Articles 15 (2),

— place on the market for the purposes of trade only animals which show no signs of disease and which come from holdings or areas not subject to any ban on animal health grounds and with respect to animals not accompanied by a health certificate or a commercial document provided for in Articles 5 to 11, only animals accompanied by self-certification by the operator stating that the animals in question do not at the time of dispatch show any obvious signs of disease and that his holding is not subject to any animal-health restrictions,

— comply with the requirements ensuring the welfare of the animals held.

A. Without prejudice to Article 14 and 15, Member States shall ensure that ungulates of species other than those referred to in Directives 64/432/EEC, 90/426/EEC and 91/68/EEC may be the subject of trade only if they meet the following requirements:

1. in general they:

(a) must be identified in accordance with Article 3 (1) (c) of Directive 90/425/EEC;

(b) must not be intended for slaughter under a programme for the eradication of an infectious disease;

(c) must not have been vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease and must satisfy the relevant requirements of Directive 85/511/EEC and Article 4a of Directive 64/432/EEC;

(d) must come from a holding referred to in Article 3 (2) (b) and (c) of Directive 64/432EEC which is not the subject of animal health measures, particularly those taken under Directives 85/511/EEC, 80/217/EEC ( 7 ) and 91/68/EEC and have been kept therein permanently since birth or for the last thirty days before dispatch;

(e) must be accompanied by a certificate corresponding to the specimen given in Annex E part 1, bearing the following declaration:

2. in the case of ruminants:

(a) they must come from an officially tuberculosis-free and officially brucellosis-free herd in accordance with Directive 64/432/EEC or Directive 91/68/EEC and satisfy, as regards animal health rules, the relevant requirements laid down for the bovine species in Article 3 (2) (c), (d), (f), (g) and (h) of Directive 64/432/EEC or Article 3 of Directive 91/68/EEC;

(b) where they do not come from a herd meeting the conditions laid down in (a), they must come from a holding in which no case of brucellosis or tuberculosis has been recorded in the 42 days preceding loading of the animals and in which the ruminants have in the 30 days prior to dispatch undergone with negative results a test for brucellosis and tuberculosis;

(c) in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 26, provisions may be adopted regarding leukosis;

3. in the case of suidae:

(a) they must not have come from an area which is the subject of prohibition measures associated with the presence of African swine fever in accordance with Article 9a of Directive 64/432/EEC;

(b) they must come from a holding which is not subject to any of the restrictions laid down in Directive 80/217/EEC as a result of classical swine fever;

(c) they must come from a brucellosis-free holding in accordance with Directive 64/432/EEC and satisfy the relevant animal health requirements laid down for swine in Directive 64/432/EEC;

(d) where they do not come from a herd meeting the conditions set out in (c), they must, in the 30 days prior to their dispatch, have undergone with negative results a test designed to show the absence of antibodies to brucellosis;

4. the testing requirements referred to in this Article and their criteria may be established in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 26. These decisions shall take into consideration the case of ruminants reared in the arctic regions of the Community.

B. Directive 64/432/EEC is amended as follows:

1. in Article 2 (b) and (c), for ‘bovine animal(s)’ read ‘animal(s) of the bovine species (including Bubalus bubalus)’;

2. the following Article is inserted:

A. Member States shall ensure that birds other than those referred to in Directive 90/539/EEC may be the subject of trade only if they meet the following requirements:

1. in general they must:

(a) come from a holding in which avian influenza has not been diagnosed in the 30 days preceeding the dispatch;

(b) come from a holding or an area not subject to restrictions under measures to be applied to combat Newcastle disease.

(c) have, in accordance with the third indent of Article 10 (1) of Directive 91/496/EEC, been quarantined, if they have been imported from a third country, in the holding to which they were taken after they entered the territory of the Community;

2. in addition, psittacidae must:

(a) not come from a holding nor have been in contact with animals from a holding on which psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) has been diagnosed.

(b) be identified in accordance with Article 3 (1) (c) of Directive 90/425/EEC.

(c) be accompanied by a commercial document signed by the official veterinarian or by the veterinarian responsible for the holding or business of origin and empowered for this purpose by the competent authority.

B. In the second subparagraph of Article 2 (2) of Council Directive 91/495/EEC of 27 November 1990 concerning public health and animal health problems affecting the production and placing on the market of rabbit meat and farmed game meat ( 8 ), the words ‘and ratites (Ratitae)’ shall be inserted in the third line after the words ‘Directive 90/539/EEC’.

(a) come from an area which is not the subject of a prohibition order associated with an occurrence of American foulbrood.

(b) are accompanied by a health certificate corresponding to the specimen in Annex E the declaration in which is completed by the competent authority to certify that the requirements laid down in (a) are met.

(a) they must not come from or have been in contact with animals from a holding on which rabies is present or is suspected of having been present within the last month;

(b) they must come from a holding in which no animal shows clinical signs of myxomatosis.

(a) satisfy the conditions set out in Article 6 and, where applicable, in Article 7 of Regulation (EU) No 576/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 on the non-commercial movement of pet animals ( 10 );

(b) undergo a clinical examination carried out within 48 hours prior to the time of dispatch of the animals by a veterinarian authorised by the competent authority; and

(c) be accompanied during transport to the place of destination by a health certificate which:

(i) corresponds to the specimen in Part 1 of Annex E; and

(ii) is signed by an official veterinarian who shall attest that the veterinarian authorised by the competent authority has documented in the relevant section of the identification document in the format provided for in Article 21(1) of Regulation (EU) No 576/2013 the clinical examination carried out in accordance with point (b) showing, at the time of the clinical examination, that the animals are fit to be transported for the intended journey in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 of 22 December 2004 on the protection of animals during transport and related operations ( 11 ).

1. the following indent is added to Article 1:

— ‘for programmes to control rabies: the criteria set out in Annex III.’

2. the following Annex is added:

(a) the criteria referred to in points 1 to 7 of Annex 1;

(b) detailed information regarding the region or regions in which the oral immunization of foxes is to take place and its natural limits. This region or these regions must cover at least 6 000 km2 or the total national area of a Member State and may include adjacent areas of a third country;

(c) detailed information regarding the vaccines to be used, the distribution system, the density and frequency of bait-laying;

(d) where appropriate, all details and the cost and purpose of schemes to conserve or preserve flora and fauna undertaken by voluntary organizations on the territory covered by these projects.’

— have been collected, processed and stored with a view to artificial insemination in a centre approved from the health point of view in accordance with Annex D(I), or, in the case of ovine and caprine animals by way of derogation from the above, in a holding satisfying the requirements of Directive 91/68/EEC,

— have been collected from animals meeting the conditions laid down in Annex D(II),

— have been collected, processed, preserved, stored and transported in accordance with Annex D(III),

— have been accompanied during transport to another Member State by a health certificate corresponding to a specimen to be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 26.

— have been removed from donor females meeting the conditions laid down in Annex D(IV) by a collection team or have been produced by a production team approved by the competent authority of the Member State and satisfying the conditions to be established in Annex D(I) in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 26,

— have been collected, processed and preserved in an appropriate laboratory, stored and transported in accordance with Annex D(III),

— be accompanied during transport to another Member State by a health certificate corresponding to a specimen to be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 26.

(a) To be approved, bodies, institutes or centres shall, as regards notifiable diseases, submit to the competent authority of the Member State all relevant supporting documents relating to the requirements contained in Annex C.

(b) After receiving the file relating to the request for approval or for renewal of approval, the competent authority shall examine it in the light of the information it contains and, where appropriate, of the results of the tests conducted on the spot.

(c) The competent authority shall withdraw approval in accordance with point 3 of Annex C.

(d) All approved bodies, institutes and centres shall be registered and issued with an approval number by the competent authority.

(e) Sweden shall have a period of two years from the date of entry into force of the Accession Treaty to implement the measures laid down regarding bodies, institutes and centres.

— the distribution of the disease in its territory,

— whether the disease is notifiable,

— reasons for undertaking the programme, taking account of its cost-effectiveness and the significance of the disease,

— the geographical area in which the programme is to be implemented,

— the status categories to be applied to establishments, the requirements for each species when being introduced into a holding and the test procedures to be used,

— the programme monitoring procedures, including the extent of the breeders' involvement in implementing the control or monitoring programme,

— the action to be taken if, for any reason, a holding loses its status,

— the measures to be taken if the results of the tests carried out under the programme are positive,

— the non-discriminatory nature of trade in the territory of the Member State concerned with respect to intra-Community trade.

— the nature of the disease and the history of its occurrence in its territory,

— the results of surveillance testing based on serological, microbiological, pathological or epidemiological investigation,

— the period during which this disease was notifiable to the competent authorities,

— the period over which the surveillance was carried out,

— where applicable, the period during which vaccination against the disease has been prohibited and the geographical area concerned by the prohibition,

— the arrangements for verifying the absence of the disease.

(a) they must come from a third country on a list to be drawn up in accordance with paragraph 3(a);

(b) they must be accompanied by the health certificate corresponding to a specimen to be drawn up in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 26, signed by the competent authority of the exporting country and certifying that,

(i) the animals

— meet the additional conditions or offer the equivalent guarantees referred to in paragraph 4, and

— come from approved centres, bodies, institutes offering guarantees at least equivalent to those in Annex C;

(ii) semen, ova and embryos come from approved collection and storage centres or collection and production teams offering guarantees at least equivalent to those to be established in Annex D(I) in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 26.

(a) in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 26, a list of third countries or parts of third countries able to provide Member States and the Commission with guarantees equivalent to those provided for in Chapter II in relation to animals, semen, ova and embryos;

(b) in accordance with this point, a list of approved centres or teams as referred to in the first indent of paragraph 2 of Article 11 and the first indent of paragraph 3 of that article situated in one of the third countries appearing on the list referred to in point (a) of this paragraph and for which the competent authority is able to give the guarantees provided for in Article 11(2) and (3).

(c) in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 26, the specific animal health requirements, in particular for the protection of the Community from certain exotic diseases, or guarantees equivalent to those provided for in this Directive.

(a) from which imports are not prohibited:

— as a result of the existence of one of the diseases referred to in Annex A or of any other disease exotic to the Community,

— pursuant to Articles 6, 7 and 14 of Directive 72/462/EEC and Article 17 of Directive 91/495/EEC and of Directive 71/118/EEC ( 12 ) or, in the case of the other animals covered by this Directive, under a decision taken in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 26 account being taken of their state of health;

(b) which, in view of their legislation and the organization of their veterinary services and inspection services, the powers of such services and the supervision to which they are subject, have been recognized, in accordance with Article 3 (2) of Directive 72/462/EEC, as capable of guaranteeing the implementation of their legislation in force;

(c) the veterinary services of which are able to guarantee that health requirements at least equivalent to those laid down in Chapter II are being complied with.

— are accompanied by a certificate to be drawn up by the official veterinarian.

— The specimen certificate shall, depending on the species, be drawn up under the procedure laid down in Article 26,

— have satisfied the checks required by Directives 90/675/EEC and 91/496/EEC ( 13 ),

— have undergone, prior to shipment to Community territory, a check by an official veterinarian to ensure that the transport conditions specified in Directive 91/628/EEC ( 14 ) have been complied with, in particular as regards watering and feeding,

— have, in the case of the animals referred to in Articles 5 to 10, been quarantined before being placed on the market, in accordance with detailed rules to be established under the procedure laid down in Article 26.

(a) specific animal health requirements, for imports into the Community, and the nature and content of accompanying documents for animals intended for zoos, circuses, amusement parks or experimental laboratories, according to the species;

(b) additional guarantees to those provided for in respect of the various animal species covered by this Directive, to protect the Community species concerned.

1. In order to be granted official approval under Article 13(2) of this Directive, a body, institute or centre as defined in Article 2(1)(c) must:

(a) be clearly demarcated and separated from its surroundings or the animals confined and located so as not to pose a health risk to agricultural holdings whose health status might be jeopardised;

(b) have adequate means for catching, confining and isolating animals and, have available adequate quarantine facilities and approved procedures for animals coming from non-approved sources;

(c) be free of the diseases listed in Annex A and the diseases listed in Annex B where the country concerned has a programme pursuant to Article 14. In order that a body, institute or centre is declared free from these diseases, the competent authority shall assess the records on the animal health status kept for at least the previous three years and the results of the clinical and laboratory tests carried out on the animals in the body, institute or centre. However, by way of derogation from this requirement new establishments shall be approved if the animals forming the collection are derived from approved establishments;

(d) keep up to date records indicating:

(i) the number and identity (age, sex, species and individual identification where practical) of the animals of each species present in the establishment;

(ii) the number and identity (age, sex, species and individual identification where practical) of animals arriving in the establishment or leaving it, together with information on their origin or destination, the transport from or to the establishment and the animals health status;

(iii) the results of blood tests or any other diagnostic procedures;

(iv) cases of disease and, where appropriate, the treatment administered;

(v) the results of the post-mortem examinations on animals that have died in the establishment, including still-born animals;

(vi) observations made during any isolation or quarantine period;

(e) either have an arrangement with a competent laboratory to perform post-mortem examinations, or have one or more appropriate premises where these examinations may be performed by a competent person under the authority of the approved veterinarian;

(f) either have suitable arrangements or on-site facilities for the appropriate disposal of the bodies of animals which die of a disease or are euthanised;

(g) secure, by contract or legal instrument, the services of a veterinarian approved by and under the control of the competent authority, who:

(i) shall comply mutatis mutandis with the requirements referred to in Article 14(3)(B) of Directive 64/432/EEC,

(ii) shall ensure that appropriate disease surveillance and control measures in relation to the disease situation of the country concerned are approved by the competent authority and applied in the body, institute or centre. Such measures shall include:

— an annual disease surveillance plan including appropriate zoonoses control of the animals,

— clinical, laboratory and post-mortem testing of animals suspected to be affected by transmissible diseases,

— vaccination of susceptible animals against infectious diseases as appropriate, only in conformity with Community legislation;

(iii) shall ensure that any suspect deaths or the presence of any other symptom suggesting that animals have contracted one or more of the diseases referred to in Annexes A and B is notified without delay to the competent authority, if that particular disease is notifiable in the Member State concerned;

(iv) shall ensure that incoming animals have been isolated as necessary, and in accordance with the requirements of this Directive and the instructions, if any, given by the competent authority;

(v) shall be responsible for the day to day compliance with the animal health requirements of this Directive and of Community legislation on welfare of animals during transport and disposal of animal waste;

(h) if it keeps animals intended for laboratories carrying out experiments, in conformity with the provisions of Article 5 of Directive 86/609/EEC.

2. Approval shall be maintained where the following requirements are met:

(a) the premises are under the control of an official veterinarian from the competent authority, who:

(i) shall visit the premises of the body, institute or centre at least once per year;

(ii) shall audit the activity of the approved veterinarian and the implementation of the annual disease surveillance plan;

(iii) shall ensure that the provisions of this Directive are met;

(b) only animals coming from another approved body, institute or centre, are introduced into the establishment, in accordance with the provisions of this Directive;

(c) the official veterinarian verifies that:

— the provisions of this Directive are fulfilled,

— the results of the clinical, post-mortem and laboratory tests on the animals have revealed no occurrence of the diseases referred to in Annexes A and B;

(d) the body, institute or centre keeps the records referred to in point 1(d) after approval, for a period of at least ten years.

3. By way of derogation from Article 5(1) of this Directive and point 2(b) of this Annex, animals including apes (simiae and prosimiae) having an origin other than an approved body, institute or centre may be introduced in an approved body, institute or centre, provided that these animals undergo a quarantine under official control and in accordance with the instructions given by the competent authority before being added to the collection.

4. Animals held in an approved body, institute or centre, shall only leave this establishment if destined to another approved body, institute or centre, in that Member State or another Member State; however, if not destined to an approved body, institute or centre, shall only leave in accordance with the requirements of the competent authority to ensure no risk of possible spread of disease.

5. Where a Member State benefits from additional guarantees under Community legislation it may request appropriate additional requirements and certification for the susceptible species to be added to the approved body, institute or centre.

6. The procedures for partly or completely suspending, withdrawing or restoring approval are the following:

(a) where the competent authority finds that the requirements of point 2 have not been fulfilled or there has been a change of usage which is no longer covered by Article 2 of this Directive the approval shall be suspended or withdrawn;

(b) where notification is given of the suspicion of one of the diseases listed in Annex A or B, the competent authority shall suspend approval of the body, institute or centre, until the suspicion has been officially ruled out. Depending on the disease involved and the risk of disease transmission, the suspension may relate to the establishment as a whole or only to certain categories of animals susceptible to the disease in question. The competent authority shall ensure that the measures necessary to confirm or rule out the suspicion and to avoid any spread of disease are taken, in accordance with Community legislation governing measures to be taken against the disease in question and on trade in animals;

(c) where the suspected disease is confirmed, the body, institute or centre shall again be approved only when, after eradication of the disease and source of infection in the premises, including suitable cleaning and disinfection, the conditions laid down in point 1 of this Annex, with the exception of point 1(c), are again fulfilled;

(d) the competent authority shall inform the Commission of the suspension, withdrawal or restoration of approval of a body, institute or centre.

1.1. Where, without prejudice to Directive 2001/82/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 19 ), antibiotics or a mixture of antibiotics are added with a bactericidal activity at least equivalent to that of the following mixtures in each ml of semen: gentamicin (250 μg), tylosin (50 μg), lincomycin-spectinomycin (150/300 μg); penicillin (500 IU), streptomycin (500 μg), lincomycin-spectinomycin (150/300 μg); or amikacin (75 μg), divekacin (25 μg), the names of the antibiotics added and their concentration shall be stated in the health certificate referred to in the fourth indent of Article 11(2).

1.2. All instruments used for the collection, processing, preservation or freezing of semen shall be either disinfected or sterilised as appropriate before use, except for single-use instruments.

1.3. Frozen semen shall:

(a) be placed and stored in storage containers:

(i) which have been cleansed and disinfected or sterilised before use, or are single-use containers;

(ii) with a cryogenic agent; which shall not be previously used for other products of animal origin;

(b) prior to dispatch or use, be stored in approved conditions for a minimum period of 30 days from the date of collection.

1.4. Semen to be subject for trade shall:

(a) be transported to the Member State of destination in transport containers which have been cleansed and disinfected or sterilised before use, or are single-use containers, and which have been sealed and numbered prior to dispatch from the approved semen collection or storage centres;

(b) be marked in such a way that the number on the straws or other packages coincides with the number on the health certificate referred to in the fourth indent of Article 11(2) and with the container in which they are stored and transported.

1.1. Embryos shall be collected and processed by an approved embryo collection team, without coming into contact with any other batch of embryos not complying with the requirements of this Directive.

1.2. Embryos shall be collected in a place, which is separated from other parts of the premises or holding where the embryo is collected and which shall be in good repair and constructed with materials which permit its effective and easy cleansing and disinfection.

1.3. Embryos shall be processed (examined, washed, treated and placed in identified and sterile straws, ampoules or other packages) in either a permanently sited laboratory or a mobile laboratory, which, as regards susceptible species, is situated in an area in which there has been no outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease for the past 30 days within a 10 kilometre radius.

1.4. All equipment used to collect, handle, wash, freeze and store embryos shall either be sterilised or properly cleansed and disinfected prior to use according to the IETS Manual ( 20 ), or be single-use equipment.

1.5. Any biological product of animal origin used in the media and solutions for collection, processing, washing or storage of embryos shall be free of pathogenic micro-organisms. Media and solutions used in the collection, freezing and storage of embryos shall be sterilised by approved methods according to the IETS Manual and handled in such a manner as to ensure that sterility is maintained. Antibiotics might be added, when appropriate, to collection, processing, washing and storage media according to the IETS Manual.

1.6. The cryogenic agents used for preservation or storage of embryos shall not be previously used for other products of animal origin.

1.7. Each embryo straw, ampoule or other package shall be clearly identified by labels according to the standardised system according to the IETS Manual.

1.8. The embryos shall be washed and have an intact zona pellucida, or the embryonic capsule in case of equine embryos, before and immediately after washing. In accordance with the IETS Manual, the standard washing procedure shall be modified to include additional washes with the enzyme trypsin where recommended for the inactivation or removal of certain pathogens.

1.9. Embryos from different donor animals shall not be washed together.

1.10. The zona pellucida of each embryo, or the embryonic capsule in case of equine embryos, shall be examined over its entire surface area at not less than 50 × magnification and certified to be intact and free of adherent material.

1.11. Embryos of a batch that has successfully undergone the examination set out in point 1.10 shall be placed in a sterile straw, ampoule or other package marked in accordance with point 1.7 which shall be sealed immediately.

1.12. Each embryo shall, where appropriate, be frozen as soon as possible and stored in a place which is under the control of the team veterinarian.

1.13. Each embryo collection team shall submit for official examination for bacterial and viral contamination routine samples of non-viable embryos or ova, flushing fluids or washing fluids resulting from its activities according to the IETS Manual.

1.14. Each embryo collection team shall keep a record of its activities in respect of embryo collection for a period of two years after the embryos have been the subject of trade or import, including:

(a) the breed, age and individual identification of the donor animals concerned;

(b) the place of collection, processing and storage of embryos collected by the team;

(c) the identification of the embryos together with details of the consignee of the shipment.

2.1. The competent authority shall have knowledge of, and authority over, the holding(s) of origin of the donor animals.

2.2. When ovaries and other tissues are collected at a slaughterhouse, either from individual animals or from batches of donors (batch collection), the slaughterhouse shall be officially approved in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption ( 21 ) and under the supervision of a veterinarian whose responsibility it is to ensure that ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections of potential donor animals are carried out and to certify them to be free of signs of the relevant contagious diseases transmissible to animals. The slaughterhouse shall, as regards susceptible species, be situated in an area in which there has been no outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease for the past 30 days within a 10 kilometre radius.

2.3. Batches of ovaries shall not be brought into the processing laboratory until post-mortem inspection of donor animals is completed.

2.4. Equipment for removal and transport of ovaries and other tissues shall be cleansed and disinfected or sterilised before use and exclusively used for these purposes.

3.1.  In vitro derived embryos shall be conceived as a result of in vitro fertilisation with semen meeting the requirements of this Directive.

3.2. After the in vitro culture period is completed but prior to freezing, storage and transport of the embryos, they shall be washed and undergo the treatments referred to in points 1.8, 1.10 and 1.11.

3.3. Embryos from different donor animals, in the case of individual animal recovery, or from different batch collections shall not be washed together.

3.4. Embryos from different donor animals, in the case of individual animal recovery, or from different batch collections shall not be stored in the same straw, ampoule or other package.

4.1. Where micromanipulation of the embryo which involves penetration of the zona pellucida is carried out, this shall be done in suitable laboratory facilities under supervision of an approved team veterinarian.

4.2. Each embryo collection team shall keep records of its activities according to point 1.14, including details of micromanipulation techniques which involve penetration of the zona pellucida and which have been performed on the embryos. In the case of embryos derived by in vitro fertilisation, the identification of the embryos may be done on the basis of a batch, but shall contain details of the date and place of collection of ovaries and/or ova. It shall also be possible to identify the holding of origin of the donor animals.

5.1. Each embryo collection and production teams shall ensure that the embryos are stored at suitable temperatures in storage premises referred to in point 1.8 of Section III of Chapter I.

5.2. Frozen embryos shall, prior to dispatch, be stored in approved conditions for a minimum period of 30 days from the date of their collection or production.

6.1. Embryos to be subject for trade shall be transported to the Member State of destination in containers which have been cleansed and disinfected or sterilised before use, or are single-use containers, and which have been sealed and numbered prior to dispatch from the approved storage premises.

6.2. The straws, ampoules or other packages shall be marked in such a way that the number on the straws, ampoules or other packages coincides with the number on the health certificate referred to in the third indent of Article 11(3) and with the container in which they are stored and transported.