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Document 32022D2508
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2508 of 9 December 2022 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the textiles industry (notified under document C(2022) 8984) (Text with EEA relevance)
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2508 of 9 December 2022 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the textiles industry (notified under document C(2022) 8984) (Text with EEA relevance)
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2508 of 9 December 2022 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the textiles industry (notified under document C(2022) 8984) (Text with EEA relevance)
C/2022/8984
OJ L 325, 20.12.2022, p. 112–161
(BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, GA, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV)
In force
Relation | Act | Comment | Subdivision concerned | From | To |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corrected by | 32022D2508R(01) | (ES) |
20.12.2022 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
L 325/112 |
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2022/2508
of 9 December 2022
establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the textiles industry
(notified under document C(2022) 8984)
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (1), and in particular Article 13(5) thereof,
Whereas:
(1) |
Best available techniques (BAT) conclusions are the reference for setting permit conditions for installations covered by Chapter II of Directive 2010/75/EU and competent authorities should set emission limit values which ensure that, under normal operating conditions, emissions do not exceed the emission levels associated with the best available techniques as laid down in the BAT conclusions. |
(2) |
In accordance with Article 13(4) of Directive 2010/75/EU, the forum composed of representatives of Member States, the industries concerned and non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, established by Commission Decision of 16 May 2011 (2), provided the Commission on 10 May 2022 with its opinion on the proposed content of the BAT reference document for the textiles industry. That opinion is publicly available (3). |
(3) |
The BAT conclusions set out in the Annex to this Decision take into account the opinion of the forum on the proposed content of the BAT reference document. They contain the key elements of the BAT reference document. |
(4) |
The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee established by Article 75(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU, |
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Article 1
The best available techniques (BAT) conclusions for the textiles industry, as set out in the Annex, are adopted.
Article 2
This Decision is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels, 9 December 2022.
For the Commission
Virginijus SINKEVIČIUS
Member of the Commission
(1) OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17.
(2) Commission Decision of 16 May 2011 establishing a forum for the exchange of information pursuant to Article 13 of Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions (OJ C 146, 17.5.2011, p. 3).
(3) https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/06f33a94-9829-4eee-b187-21bb783a0fbf/library/fdb14511-4fc5-4b90-b495-79033a1787af?p=1&n=10&sort=modified_DESC
ANNEX
1. BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES (BAT) CONCLUSIONS FOR THE TEXTILES INDUSTRY
SCOPE
These BAT conclusions concern the following activities specified in Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU:
6.2. |
Pre-treatment (operations such as washing, bleaching, mercerisation) or dyeing of textile fibres or textiles where the treatment capacity exceeds 10 tonnes per day. |
6.11. |
Independently operated treatment of waste water not covered by Directive 91/271/EEC, provided that the main pollutant load originates from activities covered by these BAT conclusions. |
These BAT conclusions also cover the following:
— |
The following activities when they are directly associated with activities specified in point 6.2 of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU:
|
— |
The combined treatment of waste water from different origins, provided that the main pollutant load originates from activities covered by these BAT conclusions and that the waste water treatment is not covered by Directive 91/271/EEC. |
— |
On-site combustion plants that are directly associated with the activities covered by these BAT conclusions, provided that the gaseous products of combustion are put into direct contact with the textile fibres or textiles (such as direct heating, drying, heat-setting) or when radiant and/or conductive heat is transferred through a solid wall (indirect heating) without using an intermediary heat transfer fluid. |
These BAT conclusions do not cover the following:
— |
Coating and lamination with an organic solvent consumption capacity of more than 150 kg per hour or more than 200 tonnes per year. These are covered by the BAT conclusions on surface treatment using organic solvents including preservation of wood and wood products with chemicals (STS). |
— |
Production of man-made fibres and yarns. This may be covered by the BAT conclusions covering the sector of polymers production. |
— |
Unhairing of hides and skins. This may be covered by the BAT conclusions for the tanning of hides and skins (TAN). |
Other BAT conclusions and reference documents which could be relevant for the activities covered by these BAT conclusions include the following:
— |
Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents including Preservation of Wood and Wood Products with Chemicals (STS); |
— |
Waste Incineration (WI); |
— |
Waste Treatment (WT); |
— |
Emissions from Storage (EFS); |
— |
Energy Efficiency (ENE); |
— |
Industrial Cooling Systems (ICS); |
— |
Monitoring of Emissions to Air and Water from IED Installations (ROM); |
— |
Economics and Cross-Media Effects (ECM). |
These BAT conclusions apply without prejudice to other relevant legislation, e.g. on the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH), on the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP), on biocidal products (BPR) or on energy efficiency (energy efficiency first principle).
DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of these BAT conclusions, the following definitions apply:
General terms |
|
Term used |
Definition |
Air-to-textile ratio |
The ratio of the total exhaust gas volume flow (expressed in Nm3/h) from the emission point of a textile treatment unit (e.g. stenter) to the corresponding throughput of the textile to be treated (dry textile, expressed in kg/h). |
Cellulosic materials |
Cellulosic materials include cotton and viscose. |
Channelled emissions |
Emissions of pollutants to air through any kind of duct, pipe, stack, etc. |
Continuous measurement |
Measurement using an automated measuring system permanently installed on site. |
Desizing |
Pre-treatment of textile materials to remove sizing chemicals from woven fabric. |
Diffuse emissions |
Non-channelled emissions to air. |
Direct discharge |
Discharge to a receiving water body without further downstream waste water treatment. |
Dry cleaning |
Cleaning of textile materials with an organic solvent. |
Existing plant |
A plant that is not a new plant. |
Fabric production |
Production of fabric, e.g. by weaving or knitting. |
Finishing |
Physical and/or chemical treatment aiming at giving the textile materials end-use properties such as visual effects, handle characteristics, waterproofness or non-flammability. |
Flame lamination |
Bonding of fabrics using a thermoplastic foam sheet, exposed to a flame located before the laminating rolls. |
Hazardous substance |
Hazardous substance as defined in point 18 of Article 3 of Directive 2010/75/EU. |
Hazardous waste |
Hazardous waste as defined in point 2 of Article 3 of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (1) |
Indirect discharge |
Discharge that is not a direct discharge. |
Liquor ratio |
For a batch process, weight ratio between the dry textile materials and the process liquor used. |
n-Octanol/water partition coefficient |
The ratio of the equilibrium concentrations of a dissolved substance in a two-phase system consisting of the largely immiscible solvents n-octanol and water. |
Major plant upgrade |
A major change in the design or technology of a plant with major adjustments or replacements of the process and/or abatement technique(s) and associated equipment. |
Mass flow |
The mass of a given substance or parameter which is emitted over a defined period of time. |
New plant |
A plant first permitted at the site of the installation following the publication of these BAT conclusions or a complete replacement of a plant following the publication of these BAT conclusions. |
Organic solvent |
Organic solvent as defined in Article 3(46) of Directive 2010/75/EU. |
Periodic measurement |
Measurement at specified time intervals using manual or automated methods. |
Pick-up |
For a continuous process, weight ratio between the liquid taken up by the textile materials and the dry textile materials. |
Process chemicals |
Substances and/or mixtures as defined in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (2) that are used in the process(es), including sizing chemicals, bleaching chemicals, dyes, printing pastes and finishing chemicals. Process chemicals may contain hazardous substances and/or substances of very high concern. |
Process liquor |
Solution and/or suspension containing process chemicals. |
Residual pick-up |
The remaining capacity of wet textile materials to take up additional liquid (after the initial pick-up). |
Scouring |
Pre-treatment of textile materials which consists of washing the incoming textile material. |
Singeing |
Removal of the fibres at the surface of the fabric by passing the fabric through a flame or heated plates. |
Sizing |
Impregnation of yarn with process chemicals aiming to protect the yarn and provide lubrication during weaving. |
Substances of very high concern |
Substances meeting the criteria mentioned in Article 57 and included in the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern, according to the REACH Regulation ((EC) No 1907/2006). |
Synthetic materials |
Synthetic materials include polyester, polyamide and acrylic. |
Textile materials |
Textile fibres and/or textiles. |
Thermal treatment |
Thermal treatment of textile materials includes thermofixation, heat-setting or a process step (e.g. drying, curing) of the activities covered by these BAT conclusions (e.g. coating, dyeing, pre-treatment, finishing, printing, lamination). |
Pollutants and parameters |
|
Term used |
Definition |
Antimony |
Antimony, expressed as Sb, includes all inorganic and organic antimony compounds, dissolved or bound to particles. |
AOX |
Adsorbable organically bound halogens, expressed as Cl, include adsorbable organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine. |
BOD n |
Biochemical oxygen demand. Amount of oxygen needed for the biochemical oxidation of the organic matter to carbon dioxide in n days (n is typically 5 or 7). BODn is an indicator for the mass concentration of biodegradable organic compounds. |
Chromium |
Chromium, expressed as Cr, includes all inorganic and organic chromium compounds, dissolved or bound to particles. |
CO |
Carbon monoxide. |
COD |
Chemical oxygen demand. Amount of oxygen needed for the total chemical oxidation of the organic matter to carbon dioxide using dichromate. COD is an indicator for the mass concentration of organic compounds. |
Copper |
Copper, expressed as Cu, includes all inorganic and organic copper compounds, dissolved or bound to particles. |
CMR |
Carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction. This includes CMR substances of categories 1A, 1B and 2, as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (3) and amended, i.e. with hazard statement codes: H340, H341, H350, H351, H360 and H361. |
Dust |
Total particulate matter (in air). |
HOI |
Hydrocarbon oil index. The sum of compounds extractable with a hydrocarbon solvent (including long-chain or branched aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons). |
NH3 |
Ammonia. |
Nickel |
Nickel, expressed as Ni, includes all inorganic and organic nickel compounds, dissolved or bound to particles. |
NOX |
The sum of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), expressed as NO2. |
SOX |
The sum of sulphur dioxide (SO2), sulphur trioxide (SO3), and sulphuric acid aerosols, expressed as SO2. |
Sulphide, easily released |
The sum of dissolved sulphides and of those undissolved sulphides that are easily released upon acidification, expressed as S2–. |
TOC |
Total organic carbon, expressed as C (in water), includes all organic compounds. |
TN |
Total nitrogen, expressed as N, includes free ammonia and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and organically bound nitrogen. |
TP |
Total phosphorus, expressed as P, includes all inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds, dissolved or bound to particles. |
TSS |
Total suspended solids. Mass concentration of all suspended solids (in water), measured via filtration through glass fibre filters and gravimetry. |
TVOC |
Total volatile organic carbon, expressed as C (in air). |
VOC |
Volatile organic compound as defined in Article 3(45) of Directive 2010/75/EU. |
Zinc |
Zinc, expressed as Zn, includes all inorganic and organic zinc compounds, dissolved or bound to particles. |
ACRONYMS
For the purposes of these BAT conclusions, the following acronyms apply:
Acronym |
Definition |
CMS |
Chemicals management system |
DTPA |
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid |
EDTA |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
EMS |
Environmental management system |
ESP |
Electrostatic precipitator |
IED |
Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) |
OTNOC |
Other than normal operating conditions |
PFAS |
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances |
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Best Available Techniques
The techniques listed and described in these BAT conclusions are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive. Other techniques may be used that ensure at least an equivalent level of environmental protection.
Unless otherwise stated, the BAT conclusions are generally applicable.
Emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs) for emissions to air
The BAT-AELs for emissions to air given in these BAT conclusions refer to concentrations (mass of emitted substances per volume of waste gas) under the following standard conditions: dry gas at a temperature of 273,15 K and a pressure of 101,3 kPa, without correction for oxygen content, and expressed in mg/Nm3.
For averaging periods of BAT-AELs for emissions to air, the following definition applies.
Type of measurement |
Averaging period |
Definition |
Periodic |
Average over the sampling period |
Average value of three consecutive samplings/measurements of at least 30 minutes each. (4) |
For the purpose of calculating the mass flows in relation to BAT 9, BAT 26, BAT 27 and Table 1.5 and Table 1.6, where waste gases from one type of source (e.g. stenter) discharged through two or more separate emission points could, in the judgement of the competent authority, be discharged through a common emission point, these emission points shall be considered as a single emission point (see also BAT 23). Mass flows at the plant/installation level can be used as an alternative.
Emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs) for emissions to water
The BAT-AELs for emissions to water given in these BAT conclusions refer to concentrations (mass of emitted substances per volume of water), expressed in mg/l.
Averaging periods associated with the BAT-AELs refer to either of the following two cases:
— |
In the case of continuous discharge, daily average values, i.e. 24-hour flow-proportional composite samples. |
— |
In the case of batch discharge, average values over the release duration taken as flow-proportional composite samples, or, provided that the effluent is appropriately mixed and homogeneous, a spot sample taken before discharge. |
Time-proportional composite samples can be used provided that sufficient flow stability is demonstrated. Alternatively, spot samples may be taken, provided that the effluent is appropriately mixed and homogeneous.
In the case of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the calculation of the average abatement efficiency referred to in these BAT conclusions (see Table 1.3) is based on the influent and effluent load of the waste water treatment plant.
The BAT-AELs apply at the point where the emission leaves the installation.
Other environmental performance levels
Indicative levels for specific energy consumption
The indicative environmental performance levels related to specific energy consumption refer to yearly averages calculated using the following equation:
where:
energy consumption rate |
: |
total annual amount of heat and electricity consumed by the thermal treatment, minus the heat recovered from the thermal treatment, expressed in MWh/year; |
activity rate |
: |
total annual amount of textile materials treated in the thermal treatment, expressed in t/year. |
Indicative levels for specific water consumption
The indicative environmental performance levels related to specific water consumption refer to yearly averages calculated using the following equation:
where:
water consumption rate |
: |
total annual amount of water consumed by a given process (e.g. bleaching) including water used for washing and rinsing the textile materials and for cleaning the equipment, minus the water reused and/or recycled to the process, expressed in m3/year; |
activity rate |
: |
total annual amount of textile materials treated in a given process (e.g. bleaching), expressed in t/year. |
Specific wool grease recovery level associated with the best available techniques
The environmental performance level related to specific wool grease recovery refers to a yearly average calculated using the following equation:
where:
rate of wool grease recovered |
: |
total annual amount of wool grease recovered from the pre-treatment of raw wool fibres by scouring, expressed in kg/year; |
activity rate |
: |
total annual amount of raw wool fibres pre-treated by scouring, expressed in t/year. |
Caustic soda recovery level associated with the best available techniques
The environmental performance level related to caustic soda recovery refers to a yearly average calculated using the following equation:
where:
rate of caustic soda recovered |
: |
total annual amount of caustic soda recovered from spent mercerisation rinsing water, expressed in kg/year; |
rate of caustic soda before recovery |
: |
total annual amount of caustic soda in the spent mercerisation rinsing water, expressed in kg/year. |
1.1. General BAT conclusions
1.1.1. Overall environmental performance
BAT 1. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to elaborate and implement an environmental management system (EMS) that incorporates all of the following features:
Specifically for the textile industry, BAT is also to incorporate the following features in the EMS:
|
Note
Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 establishes the European Union eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS), which is an example of an EMS consistent with this BAT.
Applicability
The level of detail and the degree of formalisation of the EMS will generally be related to the nature, scale and complexity of the installation, and the range of environmental impacts it may have.
BAT 2. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to establish, maintain and regularly review (including when a significant change occurs) an inventory of inputs and outputs, as part of the environmental management system (see BAT 1), that incorporates all of the following features:
|
Applicability
The scope (e.g. level of detail) and nature of the inventory will generally be related to the nature, scale and complexity of the installation, and the range of environmental impacts it may have.
BAT 3. |
In order to reduce the frequency of the occurrence of OTNOC and to reduce emissions during OTNOC, BAT is to set up and implement a risk-based OTNOC management plan as part of the EMS (see BAT 1) that includes all of the following elements:
|
Applicability
The level of detail and degree of formalisation of the OTNOC management plan will generally be related to the nature, scale and complexity of the installation, and the range of environmental impacts it may have.
BAT 4. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to use advanced process monitoring and control systems. |
Description
The monitoring and control of processes is carried out with on-line automated systems equipped with sensors and controllers using feedback connections to rapidly analyse and adapt key process parameters to reach optimal process conditions (e.g. optimal uptake of process chemicals).
Key process parameters include:
— |
volume, pH and temperature of the process liquor; |
— |
amount of textile materials treated; |
— |
dosage of process chemicals; |
— |
drying parameters (see also BAT 13 (d)). |
BAT 5. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to use both of the techniques given below.
|
1.1.2. Monitoring
BAT 6. |
BAT is to monitor at least once every year:
|
Description
Monitoring preferentially includes direct measurements. Calculations or recording, e.g. using suitable meters or invoices, can also be used. The monitoring is broken down, as much as possible, to process level and considers any significant changes in the processes.
BAT 7. |
For waste water streams identified by the inventory of inputs and outputs (see BAT 2), BAT is to monitor key parameters (e.g. continuous monitoring of waste water flow, pH and temperature) at key locations (e.g. at the inlet and/or outlet of the waste water pre-treatment, at the inlet to the final waste water treatment, at the point where the emission leaves the installation). |
Description
When bioeliminability/biodegradability and inhibitory effects are key parameters (e.g. see BAT 19), monitoring is carried out before the biological treatment for:
— |
bioeliminability/biodegradability using standards EN ISO 9888 or EN ISO 7827, and |
— |
inhibitory effects on biological treatment using standards EN ISO 9509 or EN ISO 8192, with a minimum monitoring frequency to be decided after effluent characterisation. |
The effluent characterisation is carried out before starting operation of the plant or before a permit for the plant is updated for the first time after the publication of these BAT conclusions, and after each change (e.g. change of ‘recipe’) in the plant that may increase the pollutant load.
BAT 8. |
BAT is to monitor emissions to water with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
|
BAT 9. |
BAT is to monitor channelled emissions to air with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
|
1.1.3. Water consumption and waste water generation
BAT 10. |
In order to reduce water consumption and waste water generation, BAT is to use techniques (a), (b) and (c), and an appropriate combination of the techniques (d) to (j) given below.
Table 1.1 Indicative environmental performance levels for specific water consumption
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 6. |
1.1.4. Energy efficiency
BAT 11. |
In order to use energy efficiently, BAT is to use techniques (a), (b), (c) and (d), and an appropriate combination of the techniques (e) to (k) given below.
|
BAT 12. |
In order to increase energy efficiency when using compressed air, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 13. |
In order to increase the energy efficiency of thermal treatment, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
Table 1.2 Indicative environmental performance levels for specific energy consumption
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 6. |
1.1.5. Chemicals management, consumption and substitution
BAT 14. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to elaborate and implement a chemicals management system (CMS), as part of the EMS (see BAT 1), that incorporates all of the following features:
|
Applicability
The level of detail of the CMS will generally be related to the nature, scale and complexity of the plant.
BAT 15. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to elaborate and implement a chemicals inventory as part of the CMS (see BAT 14). |
Description
The chemicals inventory is computer-based and contains information about:
— |
the identity of the process chemicals; |
— |
the quantities, location and perishability of the process chemicals procured, recovered (see BAT 16 (g)), stored, used and returned to suppliers; |
— |
the composition and physico-chemical properties of process chemicals (e.g. solubility, vapour pressure, n-octanol/water partition coefficient), including properties with adverse effects on the environment and/or human health (e.g. ecotoxicity, bioeliminability/biodegradability). |
Such information may be retrieved from Safety Data Sheets, Technical Data Sheets or other sources.
BAT 16. |
In order to reduce the consumption of chemicals, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 17. |
In order to prevent or reduce emissions to water of poorly biodegradable substances, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
|
1.1.6. Emissions to water
BAT 18. |
In order to reduce the waste water volume, to prevent or reduce the pollutant loads discharged to the waste water treatment plant and the emissions to water, BAT is to use an integrated strategy for waste water management and treatment that includes an appropriate combination of the techniques given below with the following order of priority:
|
Description
The integrated strategy for waste water management and treatment is based on the information provided by the inventory of inputs and outputs (see BAT 2).
BAT 19. |
In order to reduce emissions to water, BAT is to pretreat (separately collected) waste water streams and pastes (e.g. printing and coating) containing high loads of pollutants that cannot be treated adequately by biological treatment. |
Description
Such waste water streams and pastes include:
— |
spent dyeing, coating or finishing padding liquors from continuous and/or semi-continuous treatments; |
— |
desizing liquors; |
— |
spent printing and coating pastes. |
The pre-treatment is carried out as part of an integrated strategy for waste water management and treatment (see BAT 18) and is generally necessary to:
— |
protect the (downstream) biological waste water treatment against inhibitory or toxic compounds; |
— |
remove compounds that are insufficiently abated during biological waste water treatment (e.g. toxic compounds, poorly biodegradable organic compounds, organic compounds that are present in high loads or metals); |
— |
remove compounds that could otherwise be stripped to air from the collection system or during biological waste water treatment (e.g. sulphide); |
— |
remove compounds that have other negative effects (e.g. corrosion of equipment, unwanted reaction with other substances; contamination of waste water sludge). |
The above-mentioned compounds to be removed include organophosphorus and brominated flame retardants, PFAS, phthalates and chromium-(VI)-containing compounds.
The pre-treatment of these waste water streams is generally carried out as close as possible to the source in order to avoid dilution. The pre-treatment techniques used depend on the pollutants targeted and may include adsorption, filtration, precipitation, chemical oxidation or chemical reduction (see BAT 20).
The bioeliminability/biodegradability of the waste water streams and pastes before they are sent to the downstream biological treatment is at least:
— |
80 % after 7 days (for adapted sludge), when determined according to standard EN ISO 9888, or |
— |
70 % after 28 days when determined according to standard EN ISO 7827. |
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 7.
BAT 20. |
In order to reduce emissions to water, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
Table 1.3 BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for direct discharges
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 8. Table 1.4 BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for indirect discharges
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 8. |
1.1.7. Emissions to soil and groundwater
BAT 21. |
In order to prevent or reduce emissions to soil and groundwater and to improve the overall performance of the handling and storage of process chemicals, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
|
1.1.8. Emissions to air
BAT 22. |
In order to reduce diffuse emissions to air (e.g. VOCs from the use of organic solvents), BAT is to collect diffuse emissions and send the waste gases to treatment. |
Applicability
In the case of existing plants, the applicability may be restricted by operational constraints or by the high volume of air to be extracted.
BAT 23. |
In order to facilitate the recovery of energy and the reduction of channelled emissions to air, BAT is to limit the number of emission points. |
Description
The combined treatment of waste gases with similar characteristics ensures more effective and efficient treatment compared to the separate treatment of individual waste gas streams. The extent to which the number of emission points can be limited depends on technical (e.g. compatibility of the individual waste gas streams) and economic factors (e.g. distance between different emission points). Care is taken that limiting the number of emission points does not lead to the dilution of emissions.
BAT 24. |
In order to prevent emissions of organic compounds to air from dry cleaning and from scouring with organic solvent, BAT is to extract the air from these processes, to treat it using adsorption with activated carbon (see Section 1.9.2) and to fully recirculate it. |
BAT 25. |
In order to reduce emissions of organic compounds to air from the pre-treatment of knitted synthetic textile materials, BAT is to wash them prior to thermofixation or heat-setting. |
Applicability
Applicability may be limited by the fabric construction.
BAT 26. |
In order to prevent or reduce channelled emissions of organic compounds to air from singeing, thermal treatment, coating and lamination, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
Table 1.5 BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for channelled emissions of organic compounds and formaldehyde to air
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 9. |
BAT 27. |
In order to reduce channelled dust emissions to air from singeing and thermal treatments, excluding thermofixation and heat-setting, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
Table 1.6 BAT-associated emission level (BAT-AEL) for channelled dust emissions to air from singeing and thermal treatments, excluding thermofixation and heat-setting
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 9. |
BAT 28. |
In order to prevent or reduce channelled ammonia emissions to air from coating, printing and finishing, including thermal treatments associated with these processes, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
Table 1.7 BAT-associated emission level (BAT-AEL) for channelled ammonia emissions to air from coating, printing and finishing, including thermal treatments associated with these processes
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 9. |
1.1.9. Waste
BAT 29. |
In order to prevent or reduce the generation of waste and to reduce the quantity of waste sent for disposal, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 30. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance of the handling of waste, especially to prevent or reduce emissions to the environment, BAT is to use the technique given below before waste is sent for disposal.
|
1.2. BAT conclusions for the pre-treatment of raw wool fibres by scouring
The BAT conclusions in this section apply to the pre-treatment of raw wool fibres by scouring and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions in Section 1.1.
BAT 31. |
In order to use resources efficiently as well as to reduce water consumption and waste water generation, BAT is to recover wool grease and recycle waste water. |
Description
Waste water from wool scouring is treated (e.g. by a combination of centrifugation and sedimentation) to separate grease, dirt and water. Grease is recovered, water is partially recycled to scouring and dirt is sent for further treatment.
Table 1.8
BAT-associated environmental performance levels (BAT-AEPLs) for the recovery of wool grease from the pre-treatment of raw wool fibres by scouring
Type of wool |
Unit |
BAT-AEPL (Yearly average) |
Coarse wool (i.e. wool fibre diameter typically higher than 35 μm) |
kg of recovered grease per tonne of raw wool fibres pretreated by scouring |
10 –15 |
Extra- and super-fine wool (i.e. wool fibre diameter typically lower than 20 μm) |
50 –60 |
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 6.
BAT 32. |
In order to use energy efficiently, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 33. |
In order to use resources efficiently and to reduce the amount of waste sent for disposal, BAT is to biologically treat organic residues from the pre-treatment of raw wool fibres by scouring (e.g. dirt, waste water treatment sludge). |
Description
The organic residues are treated, for example by composting.
1.3. BAT conclusions for the spinning of fibres (other than man-made fibres) and the production of fabric
The BAT conclusions presented in this section apply to the spinning of fibres (other than man-made fibres) and the production of fabric and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions in Section 1.1.
BAT 34. |
In order to reduce emissions to water from the use of sizing chemicals, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 35. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance of spinning and knitting, BAT is to avoid the use of mineral oils. |
Description
Mineral oils are substituted by synthetic oils and/or ester oils, with improved environmental performance in terms of washability and bioeliminability/biodegradability.
BAT 36. |
In order to use energy efficiently, BAT is to use technique (a) and one or both of techniques (b) and (c) given below.
|
1.4. BAT conclusions for the pre-treatment of textile materials other than raw wool fibres
The BAT conclusions in this section apply to the pre-treatment of textile materials other than raw wool fibres and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions in Section 1.1.
BAT 37. |
In order to use resources and energy efficiently as well as to reduce water consumption and waste water generation, BAT is to use both techniques (a) and (b), in combination with technique (c) or in combination with technique (d) given below.
|
BAT 38. |
In order to prevent or reduce emissions to water of chlorine-containing compounds and complexing agents, BAT is to use one or both of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 39. |
In order to use resources efficiently and to reduce the amount of alkali discharged to waste water treatment, BAT is to recover caustic soda used for mercerisation. |
Description
Caustic soda is recovered from the rinsing water by evaporation and further purified, if needed. Before evaporation, the impurities in the rinsing water are removed by using, for example, screens and/or microfiltration.
Applicability
Applicability may be restricted by a lack of suitable recovered heat and/or by a low amount of caustic soda.
Table 1.9
BAT-associated environmental performance level (BAT-AEPL) for the recovery of caustic soda used for mercerisation
Unit |
BAT-AEPL (Yearly average) |
% of caustic soda recovered |
75 –95 |
The associated monitoring is given in BAT 6.
1.5. BAT conclusions for dyeing
The BAT conclusions in this section apply to dyeing and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions in Section 1.1.
BAT 40. |
In order to use resources efficiently and to reduce emissions to water from dyeing, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 41. |
In order to use resources efficiently and to reduce emissions to water from the dyeing of cellulosic materials, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 42. |
In order to reduce emissions to water from the dyeing of wool, BAT is to use one of the techniques given below in the following order of priority.
|
BAT 43. |
In order to reduce emissions to water from the dyeing of polyester with disperse dyes, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
|
1.6. BAT conclusions for printing
The BAT conclusions in this section apply to printing and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions in Section 1.1.
BAT 44. |
In order to reduce water consumption and waste water generation, BAT is to optimise the cleaning of the printing equipment. |
Description
This includes:
— |
mechanical removal of the printing paste; |
— |
automatic start and stop of the cleaning water supply; |
— |
reuse and/or recycling of cleaning water (see BAT 10 (i)). |
BAT 45. |
In order to use resources efficiently, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 46. |
In order to prevent ammonia emissions to air and to prevent the generation of urea-containing waste water from printing with reactive dyes on cellulosic materials, BAT is to use one of the techniques given below.
|
BAT 47. |
In order to reduce emissions of organic compounds (e.g. formaldehyde) and ammonia to air from printing with pigments, BAT is to use printing chemicals with improved environmental performance. |
Description
This includes:
— |
thickeners with no or low contents of volatile organic compounds; |
— |
fixation agents with low potential for formaldehyde releases; |
— |
binders with low contents of ammonia and low potential for formaldehyde releases. |
1.7. BAT conclusions for finishing
The BAT conclusions in this section apply to finishing and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions in Section 1.1.
1.7.1. Easy-care finishing
BAT 48. |
In order to reduce emissions of formaldehyde to air from easy-care finishing of textile materials made of cellulosic fibres and/or blends of cellulosic and synthetic fibres, BAT is to use cross-linking agents with no or low potential for formaldehyde releases. |
1.7.2. Softening
BAT 49. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance of softening, BAT is to use one of the techniques given below.
|
1.7.3. Flame retardance finishing
BAT 50. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, especially to prevent or reduce emissions to the environment and waste, of flame retardance finishing, BAT is to use one or both of the techniques given below, giving priority to technique (a).
|
1.7.4. Oil-, water- and soil-repellence finishing
BAT 51. |
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, especially to prevent or reduce emissions to the environment and waste, of oil-, water- and soil-repellence finishing, BAT is to use oil-, water- and soil-repellents with improved environmental performance. |
Description
Oil-, water- and soil-repellents are selected considering:
— |
the risks associated with them, in particular in terms of persistence and toxicity, including the potential for substitution (e.g. PFAS, see BAT 14 point I.(d)); |
— |
the composition and form of the textile materials to be treated; |
— |
the product specifications (e.g. combined oil-, water-, soil-repellence and flame retardance). |
1.7.5. Shrink-proof finishing of wool
BAT 52. |
In order to reduce emissions to water from shrink-proof finishing of wool, BAT is to use chlorine-free antifelting chemicals. |
Description
Inorganic salts of peroxymonosulphuric acid are used for shrink-proof finishing of wool.
Applicability
The applicability may be restricted by product specifications (e.g. shrinkage).
1.7.6. Mothproofing
BAT 53. |
In order to reduce the consumption of mothproofing agents, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
|
1.8. BAT conclusions for lamination
The BAT conclusion presented in this section applies to lamination and applies in addition to the general BAT conclusions in Section 1.1.
BAT 54. |
In order to reduce emissions of organic compounds to air from lamination, BAT is to use hot-melt lamination instead of flame lamination. |
Description
Molten polymers are applied to textiles without the use of a flame.
Applicability
May not be applicable to thin textiles and may be restricted by the strength of the bond between the laminate and textile materials.
1.9. Description of techniques
1.9.1. Technique to select process chemicals, prevent or reduce emissions to air
Technique |
Description |
Emission factors |
Emission factors are representative values that attempt to relate the quantity of a substance emitted to a process associated with the emission of that substance. Emission factors are derived from emission measurements according to a predefined protocol considering the textile materials and the reference processing conditions (e.g. curing time and temperature). They are expressed as the mass of a substance emitted divided by the mass of textile materials treated at the reference processing conditions (e.g. grams of organic carbon emitted per kg of textile materials treated at a waste gas flow of 20 m3/h). The quantity, hazardous properties and composition of the mixture of the process chemicals and their pick-up by the textile material are considered. |
1.9.2. Techniques to reduce emissions to air
Technique |
Description |
Adsorption |
The removal of pollutants from a waste gas stream by retention on a solid surface (activated carbon is typically used as an adsorbent). Adsorption may be regenerative or non-regenerative. In non-regenerative adsorption, the spent adsorbent is not regenerated but disposed of. In regenerative adsorption, the adsorbate is subsequently desorbed, e.g. with steam (often on site), for reuse or disposal and the adsorbent is reused. For continuous operation, typically more than two adsorbers are operated in parallel, one of them in desorption mode. |
Condensation |
Condensation is a technique that eliminates vapours of organic and inorganic compounds from a waste gas stream by reducing its temperature below its dew point. |
Cyclone |
Equipment for the removal of dust from a waste gas stream based on imparting centrifugal forces, usually within a conical chamber. |
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) |
Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) operate such that particles are charged and separated under the influence of an electrical field. Electrostatic precipitators are capable of operating under a wide range of conditions. Abatement efficiency may depend on the number of fields, residence time (size), and upstream particle removal devices. They generally include between two and five fields. Electrostatic precipitators can be of the dry or of the wet type depending on the technique used to collect the dust from the electrodes. |
Thermal oxidation |
The oxidation of combustible gases and odorants in a waste gas stream by heating the mixture of contaminants with air or oxygen to above its auto-ignition point in a combustion chamber and maintaining it at a high temperature long enough to complete its combustion to carbon dioxide and water. |
Wet scrubbing |
The removal of gaseous or particulate pollutants from a waste gas stream via mass transfer to water or an aqueous solution. It may involve a chemical reaction (e.g. in an acid or alkaline scrubber). |
1.9.3. Techniques to reduce emissions to water
Technique |
Description |
||||||||
Activated sludge process |
The biological oxidation of dissolved organic pollutants with oxygen using the metabolism of microorganisms. In the presence of dissolved oxygen (injected as air or pure oxygen), the organic components are transformed into carbon dioxide, water or other metabolites and biomass (i.e. the activated sludge). The microorganisms are maintained in suspension in the waste water and the whole mixture is mechanically aerated. The activated sludge mixture is sent to a separation facility from where the sludge is recycled to the aeration tank. |
||||||||
Adsorption |
Separation method in which compounds in a fluid (e.g. waste water) are retained on a solid surface (typically activated carbon). |
||||||||
Anaerobic treatment |
The biological transformation of dissolved organic and inorganic pollutants in the absence of oxygen using the metabolism of microorganisms. Transformation products include methane, carbon dioxide, and sulphide. The process is carried out in an airtight stirred reactor. The most commonly used reactor types are:
|
||||||||
Chemical oxidation |
Organic compounds are oxidised to less harmful and more easily biodegradable compounds. Techniques include wet oxidation or oxidation with ozone or hydrogen peroxide, optionally supported by catalysts or UV radiation. Chemical oxidation is also used to degrade organic compounds causing odour, taste and colour nuisances and for disinfection purposes. |
||||||||
Chemical reduction |
Chemical reduction is the conversion of pollutants by chemical reducing agents into less harmful compounds. |
||||||||
Coagulation and flocculation |
Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate suspended solids from waste water and are often carried out in successive steps. Coagulation is carried out by adding coagulants with charges opposite to those of the suspended solids. Flocculation is carried out by adding polymers, so that collisions of microfloc particles cause them to bond to produce larger flocs. The flocs formed are subsequently separated by sedimentation, air flotation or filtration. |
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Equalisation |
Balancing of flows and pollutant loads by using tanks or other management techniques. |
||||||||
Evaporation |
The use of distillation to concentrate aqueous solutions of high-boiling substances for further use, processing or disposal (e.g. waste water incineration) by transferring water to the vapour phase. It is typically carried out in multistage units with increasing vacuums, to reduce the energy demand. The water vapours are condensed, to be reused or discharged as waste water. |
||||||||
Filtration |
The separation of solids from waste water by passing them through a porous medium, e.g. sand or membrane filtration (see Membrane filtration below). |
||||||||
Flotation |
The separation of solid or liquid particles from waste water by attaching them to fine gas bubbles, usually air. The buoyant particles accumulate at the water surface and are collected with skimmers. |
||||||||
Membrane bioreactor |
A combination of activated sludge treatment and membrane filtration. Two variants are used: a) an external recirculation loop between the activated sludge tank and the membrane module; and b) immersion of the membrane module in the aerated activated sludge tank, where the effluent is filtered through a hollow fibre membrane, the biomass remaining in the tank. |
||||||||
Membrane filtration |
Microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are membrane filtration processes that retain and concentrate, on one side of the membrane, pollutants such as suspended particles and colloidal particles contained in waste waters. They differ in terms of membrane pore sizes and hydrostatic pressure. |
||||||||
Neutralisation |
The adjustment of the pH of waste water to a neutral level (approximately 7) by the addition of chemicals. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) may be used to increase the pH, whereas sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) or carbon dioxide (CO2) may be used to decrease the pH. Some pollutants may precipitate as insoluble compounds during neutralisation. |
||||||||
Nitrification/denitrification |
A two-step process that is typically incorporated into biological waste water treatment plants. The first step is aerobic nitrification where microorganisms oxidise ammonium (NH4 +) to the intermediate nitrite (NO2 -), which is then further oxidised to nitrate (NO3 -). In the subsequent anoxic denitrification step, microorganisms chemically reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas. |
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Oil-water separation |
The separation of oil and water including the subsequent oil removal by gravity separation of free oil, using separation equipment or emulsion breaking (using emulsion-breaking chemicals such as metal salts, mineral acids, adsorbents and organic polymers). |
||||||||
Screening and grit separation |
The separation of water and insoluble contaminants such as sand, fibre, fluff or other coarse materials from the textile effluent by filtering through screens or gravitational settling in grit chambers. |
||||||||
Precipitation |
The conversion of dissolved pollutants into insoluble compounds by adding precipitants. The solid precipitates formed are subsequently separated by sedimentation, air flotation or filtration. |
||||||||
Sedimentation |
The separation of suspended particles by gravitational settling. |
1.9.4. Techniques to reduce the consumption of water, energy and chemicals
Technique |
Description |
Cold pad-batch treatment |
In cold pad-batch treatment, the process liquor is applied by padding (e.g. with a foulard) and the impregnated fabric is slowly rotated at room temperature for a prolonged period. This technique allows a reduced consumption of chemicals and does not require subsequent steps such as thermal fixation and thereby reduces energy consumption. |
Low-liquor-ratio systems (for batch processes) |
A low liquor ratio can be achieved by improving the contact between the textile materials and the process liquor (e.g. by creating turbulence in the process liquor), by advanced process monitoring, by improved dosage and application of process liquor (e.g. by jets or spraying) and by avoiding the mixing of process liquor with washing or rinsing water. |
Low-volume application systems (for continuous processes) |
The fabric is impregnated with process liquor by spraying, vacuum suction through the fabric, foaming, padding, and dipping in nips (process liquor contained in the gap between two rollers) or in reduced-volume tanks, etc. |
(1) Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3).
(2) Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC (OJ L 396, 30.12.2006, p. 1).
(3) Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (OJ L 353, 31.12.2008, p. 1).
(4) For any parameter where, due to sampling or analytical limitations and/or due to operational conditions, a 30-minute sampling/measurement and/or an average of three consecutive samplings/measurements is inappropriate, a more representative sampling/measurement procedure may be employed.
(5) The monitoring only applies when the substance(s)/parameter(s) (including groups of substances or individual substances in a group of substances) concerned is identified as relevant in the waste water stream based on the inventory of inputs and outputs mentioned in BAT 2.
(6) In the case of an indirect discharge, the monitoring frequency may be reduced to once every 3 months if the downstream waste water treatment plant is designed and equipped appropriately to abate the pollutants concerned.
(7) The monitoring only applies in the case of a direct discharge.
(8) TOC monitoring and COD monitoring are alternatives. TOC monitoring is the preferred option because it does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds.
(9) In the case of an indirect discharge, the monitoring frequency may be reduced to once every month if the downstream waste water treatment plant is designed and equipped appropriately to abate the pollutants concerned.
(10) If the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable, a lower monitoring frequency of once every month can be adopted.
(11) In the case of an indirect discharge, the monitoring frequency may be reduced to once every 6 months if the downstream waste water treatment plant is designed and equipped appropriately to abate the pollutants concerned.
(12) The effluent characterisation is carried out before starting operation of the plant or before a permit for the plant is updated for the first time after the publication of these BAT conclusions, and after each change (e.g. change of ‘recipe’) in the plant that may increase the pollutant load.
(13) Either the most sensitive toxicity parameter or an appropriate combination of the toxicity parameters can be used.
(14) To the extent possible, the measurements are carried out at the highest expected emission state under normal operating conditions.
(15) In the case of a dust mass flow of less than 50 g/h, the minimum monitoring frequency may be reduced to once every 3 years.
(16) Monitoring results are reported together with the corresponding air-to-textile ratio.
(17) The monitoring only applies when the substance concerned is identified as relevant in the waste gas stream based on the inventory of inputs and outputs mentioned in BAT 2.
(18) The monitoring does not apply if natural gas only, or liquefied petroleum gas only, is used as fuel.
(19) In the case of a TVOC mass flow of less than 200 g/h, the minimum monitoring frequency may be reduced to once every 3 years.
(20) The lower end of the range may be achieved with a high level of water recycling (e.g. sites with integrated water management for several plants).
(21) The range also applies to combined yarn and loose fibre batch dyeing.
(22) The higher end of the range may be higher and up to 100 m3/t for plants using a combination of continuous and batch processes.
(23) The descriptions of the techniques are given in Section 1.9.3.
(24) Minimal waste water discharge (e.g. ‘zero liquid discharge’) may be achieved using a combination of techniques including advanced treatment techniques for recycling the waste water.
(25) The averaging periods are defined in the general considerations.
(26) The BAT-AELs only apply when the substance/parameter concerned is identified as relevant in the waste water stream based on the inventory of inputs and outputs mentioned in BAT 2.
(27) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 0,8 mg/l when dyeing polyester and/or modacrylic fibres.
(28) Either the BAT-AEL for COD or the BAT-AEL for TOC applies. The BAT-AEL for TOC is the preferred option because TOC monitoring does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds.
(29) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be up to 150 mg/l:
— |
when the specific amount of waste water discharged is less than 25 m3/t of treated textile materials as a rolling yearly average; or |
— |
when the abatement efficiency is ≥ 95 % as a rolling yearly average. |
(30) No BAT-AEL applies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). As an indication, the yearly average BOD5 level in the effluent from a biological waste water treatment plant will generally be ≤ 10 mg/l.
(31) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 1,2 mg/l when dyeing polyester and/or modacrylic fibres.
(32) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 0,3 mg/l when polyamide, wool or silk fibres are dyed using metal-complex dyes.
(33) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 0,2 mg/l when dyeing or printing with nickel-containing reactive dyes or pigments.
(34) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 0,8 mg/l when treating viscose fibres or when dyeing using zinc-containing cationic dyes.
(35) The BAT-AEL may not apply when the temperature of the waste water is low (e.g. below 12 °C) for prolonged periods.
(36) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be up to 50 mg/l:
— |
when the specific amount of waste water discharged is less than 25 m3/t of treated textile materials as a rolling yearly average; or |
— |
when the abatement efficiency is ≥ 95 % as a rolling yearly average. |
(37) The averaging periods are defined in the general considerations.
(38) The BAT-AELs may not apply if the downstream waste water treatment plant is designed and equipped appropriately to abate the pollutants concerned, provided this does not lead to a higher level of pollution in the environment.
(39) The BAT-AELs only apply when the substance/parameter concerned is identified as relevant in the waste water stream based on the inventory of inputs and outputs mentioned in BAT 2.
(40) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 0,8 mg/l when dyeing polyester and/or modacrylic fibres.
(41) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 1,2 mg/l when dyeing polyester and/or modacrylic fibres.
(42) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 0,3 mg/l when polyamide, wool or silk fibres are dyed using metal-complex dyes.
(43) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 0,2 mg/l when dyeing or printing with nickel-containing reactive dyes or pigments.
(44) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 0,8 mg/l when treating viscose fibres or when dyeing using zinc-containing cationic dyes.
(45) The BAT-AEL only applies when formaldehyde is identified as relevant in the waste gas stream based on the inventory of inputs and outputs mentioned in BAT 2.
(46) For activities listed under points 3 and 9, Part 1 of Annex VII to the IED, the BAT-AEL ranges only apply to the extent that they lead to lower emission levels than the emission limit values in Parts 2 and 4 of Annex VII to the IED.
(47) For finishing processes with easy-care agents, water-/oil-/soil-repellents and/or flame retardants, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 10 mg/Nm3.
(48) The lower end of the BAT-AEL range is typically achieved when using thermal oxidation.
(49) The BAT-AEL does not apply when the TVOC mass flow is below 200 g/h for emission point(s) where:
— |
abatement techniques are not used, and |
— |
no CMR substances are identified as relevant in the waste gas stream based on the inventory of inputs and outputs mentioned in BAT 2. |
(50) The BAT-AEL does not apply when the dust mass flow is below 50 g/h for emission point(s) where:
— |
abatement techniques are not used, and |
— |
no CMR substances are identified as relevant in the waste gas stream based on the inventory of inputs and outputs mentioned in BAT 2. |
(51) The BAT-AEL only applies when NH3 is identified as relevant in the waste gas stream based on the inventory of inputs and outputs mentioned in BAT 2.
(52) The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may be higher and up to 20 mg/Nm3 when ammonium sulphamate is used as a flame retardant or ammonia is used for curing (see BAT 50).