1.   Manufacturers shall equip L-category vehicles with systems, components and separate technical units affecting functional safety that are designed, constructed and assembled so as to enable the vehicle in normal use and maintained according to the prescriptions of the manufacturer to comply with the detailed technical requirements and testing procedures. In accordance with Articles 6 to 22, manufacturers shall demonstrate by means of physical demonstration testing to the approval authority that the L-category vehicles made available on the market, registered or entering into service in the Union comply with the functional safety requirements of Articles 18, 20, 22 and 54 to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 and comply with the detailed technical requirements and test procedures laid down in this Regulation.

2.   Manufacturers shall demonstrate that spare parts and equipment that are made available on the market or are entering into service in the Union are approved in accordance with the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, as specified by the detailed technical requirements and test procedures referred to in this Regulation. An approved L-category vehicle equipped with such a spare part or equipment shall meet the same functional safety test requirements and performance limit values as a vehicle equipped with an original part or equipment satisfying endurance requirements up to and including those set out in Article 22(2) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

3.   Manufacturers shall submit to the approval authority a description of the measures taken to prevent tampering with, and modification of, the powertrain management system, including the functional safety control computers.

1.   The UNECE regulations and amendments thereto set out in Annex I to this Regulation shall apply to type approval.

2.   References to vehicle categories L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7 in the UNECE regulations shall be understood as references to vehicle categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e respectively under this Regulation, including any sub-categories.

3.   Vehicles with a maximum design vehicle speed of ≤ 25 km/h shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulations applying to vehicles with a maximum vehicle design speed of > 25 km/h.

1.   The functional safety performance test procedures shall be performed in accordance with the test requirements laid down in this Regulation.

2.   The test procedures shall be carried out or witnessed by the approval authority or, if authorised by the approval authority, by the technical service.

3.   The measurement methods and test results shall be reported to the approval authority in the test report format set out in Article 72(g) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

ANNEX I

List of UNECE regulations which apply on a compulsory basis

UNECE regulation No	Subject	Series of amendments	OJ reference	Applicability
1	Headlamps for motor vehicles (R2, HS1)	02	OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 1	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
3	Retro-reflectors	Supplement 12 to the 02 series of amendments	OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 1	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
6	Direction indicators	Supplement 19 to the 01 series of amendments	OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 40	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
7	Front and rear position lamps and stop lamps	Supplement 16 to the 02 series of amendments	OJ L 148, 12.6.2010, p. 1	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
8	Headlamps for motor vehicles (H1, H2, H3, HB3, HB4, H7, H8, H9, H11, HIR1, HIR2)	05	OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 71	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
16	Safety belts, restraint systems and child restraint systems	Supplement 1 to the 06 series of amendments	OJ L 233, 9.9.2011, p. 1	L2e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
19	Front fog lamps	Supplement 2 to the 03 series of amendments	OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 113	L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e
20	Headlamps for motor vehicles (H4)	03	OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 170	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
28	Audible warning devices	Supplement 3 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 33	L3e, L4e and L5e
37	Filament bulbs	Supplement 34 to the 03 series of amendments	OJ L 297, 13.11.2010, p. 1	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
38	Rear fog lamps	Supplement 15 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 4, 7.1.2012, p. 20	L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e
43	Safety glazing	Supplement 12 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 230, 31.8.2010, p. 119	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
46	Devices for indirect vision (rear-view mirrors)	Supplement 4 to the 02 series of amendments	OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 211	L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e
50	Lighting components for vehicles of category L	Supplement 16 to the 00 series of amendments	Not yet published in the OJ	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
53	Installation of lighting (motorcycle)	Supplement 14 to the 01 series of amendments	OJ L 166, 18.6.2013, p. 55	L3e
56	Headlamps for mopeds and vehicles treated as such	01	Not yet published in the OJ	L1e, L2e and L6e
57	Headlamps for motorcycles and vehicles treated as such	02	Not yet published in the OJ	L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e
60	Identification of controls tell-tales and indicators	Supplement 2 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 95, 31.3.2004, p. 10	L1e and L3e
72	Headlamps for motorcycles and vehicles treated as such (HS1)	01	Not yet published in the OJ	L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e
74	Installation of lighting (moped)	Supplement 7 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 166, 18.6.2013, p. 88	L1e
75	Tyres	Supplement 13 to the 01 series of amendments	OJ L 84, 30.3.2011, p. 46	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e
78	Braking, including anti-lock and combined brake systems	Supplement 3 to the 02 series of amendments	OJ L 95, 31.3.2004, p. 67	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e
81	Rear-view mirrors	Supplement 2 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 185, 13.7.2012, p. 1	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
82	Headlamps for mopeds and vehicles treated as such (HS2)	01	Not yet published in the OJ	L1e, L2e and L6e
87	Daytime running lamps	Supplement 15 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 4, 7.1.2012, p. 24	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
98	Headlamps with gas-discharge light sources	Supplement 4 to the 01 series of amendments	Not yet published in the OJ	L3e
99	Gas-discharge light sources	Supplement 5 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 164, 30.6.2010, p. 151	L3e
112	Headlamps with asymmetrical beams	Supplement 12 to the 00 series of amendments	OJ L 230, 31.8.2010, p. 264	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e
113	Headlamps with symmetrical beams	Supplement 2 to the 01 series of amendments	OJ L 330, 16.12.2005, p. 214	L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and L7e

Explanatory note:

The fact that a component is included in this list does not make its installation mandatory. For certain components, however, mandatory installation requirements are laid down in other annexes to this Regulation.

ANNEX II

Test procedures and performance requirements applying to audible warning devices

PART 1

Requirements applying to the component type-approval of a type of mechanical or electrical audible warning device intended to be fitted to vehicles of categories L1e, L2e and L6e

1.   General requirements

1.1.

Electrical audible warning devices shall emit a continuous, uniform sound and their sound spectrum shall not vary perceptibly during operation. In the case of warning devices supplied with an alternating current, this requirement applies solely at constant generator speed, that speed lying within the range specified in point 2.3.2.

1.2.

Electrical audible warning devices shall have sound characteristics (spectral distribution of the sound energy, sound pressure level) and mechanical characteristics such that, in the order stated, they pass the tests specified in points 2 to 3.4.

1.3.

Electrical audible warning devices may incorporate a feature enabling the device to operate at a significantly lower sound pressure level volume.

1.4.

Mechanical audible warning devices shall be equipped with a thumb-operated lever, either of the puller bell type geared to rapidly rotate two loosely-slung metal discs inside the bell housing, or of the single stroke bell type.

2.   Sound level measurements

2.1.

Audible warning devices shall preferably be tested in an anechoic environment. They may alternatively be tested in a semi-anechoic chamber or in a cleared outside space. In this case, precautions shall be taken to avoid reflections off the ground in the measuring area, e.g. by providing a number of absorbent screens. It shall be checked that the spherical distortion is no more than 1 dB(A) within a hemisphere of a radius of at least 5 m up to the maximum frequency to be measured, this mainly being in the direction of measurement and at the height of the device and microphone. The ambient noise shall be at least 10 dB(A) lower than the sound pressure levels to be measured. The device submitted for testing and the microphone shall be at the same height, which shall be between 1,15 and 1,25 m. The line of maximum sensitivity of the microphone shall coincide with the direction in which the sound level of the warning device is at its highest level. The microphone shall be positioned such that its diaphragm is at a distance of 2 ± 0,01 m from the exit plane of the sound emitted by the device. In the case of devices with several exits, this distance shall be determined in relation to the exit plane closest to the microphone.

2.2.

The measurements of the sound pressure level shall involve the use of a class-1 precision sound-level meter meeting the requirements of IEC publication No 651, first edition (1979). All measurements shall be carried out using the ‘rapid’ time constant. The (A) weighting curve shall be used to measure the overall sound pressure levels. The Fourier transform of the sound signal shall be used in measuring the emitted-sound spectrum. Alternatively, third-octave filters meeting the requirements set out in IEC publication No 225, first edition (1966), may be used, in which case the sound pressure level within the 2 500 Hz centre-octave frequency band shall be determined by adding the quadratic means of the sound pressures in the third-octave bands of centre frequencies of 2 000, 2 500 and 3 150 Hz. In all cases, only the Fourier transform method may be regarded as a reference method.

2.3.

The electrical audible warning device shall be supplied with one of the following voltages, as appropriate: 2.3.1. In the case of audible warning devices receiving direct current, a test voltage of 6,5, 13,0 or 26,0 V, measured at the output side of the electricity source and corresponding to a nominal voltage of 6, 12 or 24 V respectively. 2.3.2. Where an audible warning device receives direct current which has to be supplied by an electrical generator of the type normally used with this type of device, the acoustic characteristics of the device shall be recorded at alternator speeds corresponding to 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of the maximum speed stated by the manufacturer of the alternator for continuous operation. The alternator shall be subject to no other electrical load during the test. The endurance test described in points 3 to 3.4 shall be carried out at a speed stated by the manufacturer of the equipment and selected from the range referred to above. 2.3.3. If a rectified current is used for the test on an audible warning device receiving direct current, the unsmoothed component of the voltage at its terminals, measured from peak to peak during operation of the warning device, shall not exceed 0,1 V. 2.3.4. The resistance of the electrical conductor for audible warning devices receiving direct current, including the resistance of the terminals and contacts, shall lie as close as possible to 0,05 Ω for a nominal voltage of 6 V, 0,10 Ω for a nominal voltage of 12 V and 0,20 Ω for a nominal voltage of 24 V.

2.4.

The mechanical audible warning device shall be tested as follows: 2.4.1. The device to be tested shall be operated by a person or other external means, pushing the operating lever as recommended by the manufacturer. The presence of any operator shall have no noticeable influence on the test results. One measurement sequence consists of ten consecutive operations over the operating lever’s full travel within 4 ± 0,5 s. Five sequences shall be carried out, each interrupted by a pause. The complete operation shall be carried out five times. 2.4.2. The A-weighted sound level shall be recorded for each of the 25 measurement sequences, shall be within 2,0 dB(A) and is averaged for the calculation of the final result.

2.5.

The audible warning device shall be rigidly mounted, using the part or parts intended for that purpose by its manufacturer, on a support of a mass at least 10 times greater than that of the warning device to be tested and at least 30 kg. The support shall be arranged in such a way that the reflections off its walls and the vibrations have no significant effect on the results of the measurements.

2.6.

Under the conditions set out above, the A-weighted sound level shall not exceed 115 dB(A) in case of electric audible warning devices and 95 dB(A) in case of mechanical audible warning devices.

2.7.

The sound pressure level within the 1 800 to 3 550 Hz frequency band of electric audible warning devices shall be higher than that of any frequency component above 3 550 Hz, and in any case at least 90 dB(A). The sound pressure level of mechanical audible warning devices shall be at least 80 dB(A).

2.8.

The characteristics set out in points 2.6 to 2.7 shall also be displayed by any audible warning device that has been subjected to the endurance test provided for in points 3 to 3.4.

2.8.1.

Any variation in voltage shall be between 115 % and 95 % of the rated value in the case of electrical audible warning devices receiving direct current, or between 50 % and 100 % of the maximum alternator speed stated by the manufacturer of the alternator for continuous operation in the case of electrical audible warning devices receiving alternating current.

2.9.

The time lag between actuation and the moment when the sound reaches the minimum value as required in points 2.6 to 2.7 shall not exceed 0,2 seconds measured at an ambient temperature of 293 ± 5 K (20 ± 5 °C). This requirement applies, in particular, to pneumatic or electro-pneumatic warning devices.

2.10.

Under the power supply conditions laid down by their manufacturers, pneumatic or electro-pneumatic warning devices shall yield the same acoustic performance as those required for normal electric audible warning devices.

2.11.

The minimum value as required in points 2.6 to 2.7 shall be obtained for each component of a multi-tone device which may emit sound independently. The maximum overall sound level shall be achieved with all of the component parts operating at the same time.

3.   Endurance test

3.1.

The ambient temperature shall lie between 288 K and 303 K (15 °C and 30 °C).

3.2.

The electrical audible warning device shall be supplied with the nominal voltage at the conductor resistance specified in points 2.3.1 to 2.3.4, while in compliance with point 2.8.1, and be operated 10 000 times at a rate of one second of being activated followed by four seconds of not being activated. During the test, the audible warning device shall be exposed to a forced wind or draught with a speed of 10 m/s ± 2 m/s.

3.2.1.

If a test is conducted within an insulated chamber, that chamber shall be of sufficient volume to ensure normal dissipation of the heat given off by the warning device during the endurance test.

3.3.

When half of the total number of operations required has been completed, the electrical audible warning device may be reset if the characteristics of the sound level have altered since before the test. When the total number of operations required has been completed, the audible warning device may again be reset and shall subsequently meet the requirements of the tests specified in point 2.8.

3.4.

Four units of a type of mechanical audible warning device shall be subjected to the durability test. Each device shall be in new condition and shall not be lubricated during the test. It shall be activated 30 000 times over the full travel of the operating lever at a rate of 100 ± 5 operations per minute. The four devices shall then be subjected to a salt spray test according to EN ISO 9227:2012. Three out of the four units shall meet the requirements of the tests specified in point 2.8.

PART 2

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to the audible warning

1.   Fitting requirements

1.1.

Vehicles of categories L1e-B, L2e and L6e shall be fitted with at least one electrical audible warning device which has been component type-approved pursuant to this Regulation or UNECE regulation No 28 (1).

1.2.

Vehicles of category L1e-B with a maximum design vehicle speed ≤ 25 km/h and a maximum continuous rated or net power ≤ 500 W may alternatively be fitted with a mechanical audible warning device which has been component type-approved pursuant to this Regulation, in which case the requirements of points 2.1.1 to 2.1.7 are not applicable.

1.3.

Vehicles of categories L3e, L4e and L5e shall meet all the relevant fitting requirements of UNECE regulation No 28.

1.3.1.

In the absence of specific instructions, the term ‘motor cycles’ in that regulation shall be construed as referring to vehicles of categories L3e, L4e and L5e.

1.4.

Vehicles of category L7e shall meet all the relevant fitting requirements of UNECE regulation No 28, as prescribed for vehicle category L5e.

1.5.

In the absence of specific requirements in UNECE regulation No 28 and as provided in point 1.3 of Part 1, audible warning or additional devices installed on vehicles which are propelled by means of one or more electric motors may incorporate a feature enabling the device to be intermittently activated in such a way that it operates at a significantly lower sound pressure level than required for audible warning devices, emitting a continuous, uniform sound with a sound spectrum that does not vary perceptibly during operation, with the aim to for instance alert pedestrians about the vehicle approaching.

2.   Performance requirements of installed electric audible warning devices.

2.1.

For vehicles of categories L1e-B, L2e and L6e: 2.1.1 The test voltage shall be as laid down in points 2.3 to 2.3.2 in Part 1. 2.1.2. The sound pressure levels shall be measured under the conditions laid down in point 2.2 in Part 1. 2.1.3. The A-weighted sound pressure level emitted by the audible warning device(s) shall be measured at a distance of 7,0 m in front of the vehicle, the latter being placed on an open site, on ground as smooth as practicable and, if fitted with audible warning devices supplied with direct current, with its engine stopped. 2.1.4. The microphone of the measuring instrument shall be placed in the mean longitudinal plane of the vehicle. 2.1.5. The sound pressure level of the background noise and wind noise shall be at least 10 dB(A) below the sound to be measured. 2.1.6. The maximum sound pressure level shall be sought within the range of 0,5 and 1,5 m above the ground. 2.1.7. When measured under the conditions in points 2.1.1 to 2.1.5, the maximum sound level value as determined in point 2.1.6 shall be between 75 dB(A) and 112 dB(A).

2.2.

Vehicles of categories L3e, L4e and L5e shall meet all the relevant performance requirements of UNECE regulation No 28.

2.2.1.

In the absence of specific instructions, the term ‘motor cycles’ in that regulation shall be construed as referring to vehicles of categories L3e, L4e and L5e.

2.3.

Vehicles of category L7e shall meet all the relevant performance requirements of UNECE regulation No 28, as prescribed for vehicle category L5e.

---

(1)  OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 33.

ANNEX III

Requirements applying to braking, including anti-lock and combined braking systems

1.   Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to braking

1.1.

Vehicles of categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 78.

1.1.1.

Notwithstanding the requirements laid down in point 1.1, the provisions of points 1.1.1.1 to 1.1.1.3 apply for vehicles of category L1e with a mass in running order ≤ 35 kg which are equipped as follows: 1.1.1.1. In braking devices where the transmission is hydraulic, receptacles containing the reserve fluid shall be exempted from the requirements regarding ease of fluid-level checking of the UNECE regulation mentioned above. 1.1.1.2. For rim brakes, for the purposes of the special provisions relating to testing with wet brakes in the UNECE regulation mentioned above, the water shall be directed onto the part of the wheel rim providing the friction, with the nozzles positioned 10 to 30 mm to the rear of the brake blocks. 1.1.1.3. For vehicles with wheel rims widths of 45 mm or less (code 1.75), as regards braking performance with the front brake only when laden to its technically permissible maximum mass, the stopping distance or corresponding mean fully developed deceleration (MFDD) shall be as prescribed in the UNECE regulation mentioned above. If this requirement cannot be achieved because of limited adhesion between tyre and road surface, the stopping distance S ≤ 0,1 + V2/115 with corresponding mean fully developed deceleration 4,4 m/s2 shall be applied for a test on a vehicle laden to its technically permissible maximum mass using both braking devices simultaneously.

1.1.2.

For the approval of a type of vehicle, the provisions set out in Annex VIII to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 on the mandatory fitting of advanced brake systems shall apply.

1.2.

Vehicles of category L6e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 78, as prescribed for vehicle category L2e.

1.3.

Vehicles of category L7e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 78, as prescribed for vehicle category L5e.

ANNEX IV

Requirements regarding electrical safety

1.   Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to electrical safety

1.1.   Vehicles which are propelled by means of one or more electric motors, including pure and hybrid electric vehicles, shall fulfil the requirements of this Annex.

2.   General requirements concerning the protection against electrical shock and electrical safety applying to high voltage buses under conditions where they are not connected to external high voltage power supplies.

2.1.   The protection against direct contact with live parts shall comply with the requirements set out below. The protections provided (e.g. solid insulator, barrier, enclosure) shall not be able of being opened, disassembled or removed without the use of tools.

The protection against access to live parts shall be tested in accordance with the provisions laid down in Appendix 3 — Protection against direct contacts of parts under voltage.

2.1.1.   For protection of live parts inside the enclosed driving and passenger compartment as well as luggage compartment the protection degree IPXXD shall be met.

2.1.2.   For protection of live parts in areas other than the enclosed driving and passenger compartment or luggage compartment, the protection degree IPXXB shall be met.

2.1.3.   For protection of live parts of vehicles where no enclosed driving and passenger compartment is present, the protection degree IPXXD shall be met by the entire vehicle.

2.1.4.   Connectors (including vehicle inlet) are deemed to meet the requirements if:

—	they also comply with the protection degree IPXXB when separated without the use of tools;

—	they are located underneath the vehicle floor and are provided with a locking mechanism (e.g. screw locking, bayonet locking);

—	they are provided with a locking mechanism and other components shall first be removed with the use of tools in order to separate the connector; or

—	the voltage of the live parts becomes ≤ DC 60 V or ≤ AC 30 V (rms) within one second after the connector is separated.

2.1.5.   In case a service disconnect can be opened, disassembled or removed without the use of tools, the protection degree IPXXB shall be met under all these conditions.

2.1.6.   Specific marking requirements

2.1.6.1.

In the case of a REESS having high voltage capability, the symbol shown in Figure 4-1 shall be placed on or near the REESS. The symbol background shall be yellow, the bordering and the arrow shall be black.

Figure 4-1

Marking of high voltage equipment

2.1.6.2.

The symbol shall in addition be placed on all enclosures and barriers, which when removed expose live parts of high voltage circuits. This provision is optional for connectors for high voltage buses and does not apply to any of the following cases: — Where barriers or enclosures cannot be physically accessed, opened, or removed unless other vehicle components are removed with the use of tools; or — Where barriers or enclosures are located underneath the vehicle floor.

2.1.6.3.

Cables for high voltage buses which are not located fully within enclosures shall be identified by having an outer covering with the colour orange.

2.2.   The protection against indirect contact with live parts shall comply with the requirements set out below.

2.2.1.   Concerning protection against electrical shock which could arise from indirect contact, the exposed conductive parts, such as the conductive barrier and enclosure, shall be securely galvanically connected to the electrical chassis for instance by connections with electrical wire, ground cable, welds or by connections using bolts so that no dangerous electric potential can exist.

2.2.2.   The resistance between all exposed conductive parts and the electrical chassis shall be lower than 0,1 Ω when there is current flow of at least 0,2 A. This requirement is deemed as satisfied if the galvanic connection has been established by welding.

2.2.3.   In the case of vehicles intended to be connected to a grounded external electric power supply through a conductive connection, a device enabling the galvanic connection of the electrical chassis to the earth ground shall be provided.

The device shall enable connection to the earth ground before external voltage is supplied to the vehicle and shall retain this connection until after the exterior voltage is removed from the vehicle.

Compliance with these requirements may be demonstrated by using the connector specified by the vehicle manufacturer or by other analysis.

2.2.3.1.

A galvanic connection of the electrical chassis to the earth ground does not need to be provided in the following cases: — the vehicle can only use a dedicated charger that is protected when any single isolation fault arises; — the vehicle’s whole metallic body is protected when any single isolation fault arises; or — the vehicle cannot be charged without completely removing the traction battery pack from the vehicle.

2.3.   Isolation resistance shall comply with the requirements set out below.

2.3.1.   Concerning electric power trains consisting of separate DC or AC-buses:

If AC buses and DC buses are galvanically isolated from each other, isolation resistance between all high voltage busses and the electrical chassis shall have a minimum value of 100 Ω/V of the working voltage for DC buses, and a minimum value of 500 Ω/V of the working voltage for AC buses.

The measurements shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions laid down in Appendix 1 — Isolation resistance measurement method.

2.3.2.   Concerning electric power train consisting of combined DC- and AC-buses:

If AC high voltage buses and DC high voltage buses are galvanically connected isolation resistance between all high voltage busses and the electrical chassis shall have a minimum value of 500 Ω/V of the working voltage.

However, if all AC high voltage buses are protected by one of the two following measures, isolation resistance between the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis shall have a minimum value of 100 Ω/V of the working voltage:

—	double or more layers of solid insulators, barriers or enclosures that meet the requirements of points 2.1 to 2.1.6.3 independently, for example wiring harness; or

—	mechanically robust protections that have sufficient durability over vehicle service life such as motor housings, electronic converter cases or connectors;

The isolation resistance between the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis may be demonstrated by calculation, measurement or a combination of both.

The measurement shall be conducted according to Appendix 1 — Isolation resistance measurement method.

2.3.3.   Concerning Fuel cell vehicles:

If the minimum isolation resistance requirement cannot be maintained over time, then protection shall be achieved by any of the following:

—	double or more layers of solid insulators, barriers or enclosures that meet the requirements of points 2.1 to 2.1.6.3 independently; or

—

on-board isolation resistance monitoring system together with a warning to the driver if the isolation resistance drops below the minimum required value. The isolation resistance between the high voltage bus of the coupling system for charging the REESS, which is not energised besides during charging the REESS, and the electrical chassis need not be monitored.

The correct functioning of the on-board isolation resistance monitoring system shall be tested as described in Appendix 2 — Confirmation method for function of on-board isolation resistance monitoring system.

2.3.4.   Isolation resistance requirements for the coupling system for charging the REESS.

The vehicle inlet or the recharge cable when permanently connected to the vehicle, intended to be conductively connected to the grounded external AC power supply and the electrical circuit that is galvanically connected to the vehicle inlet/recharge cable during charging of the REESS, shall have an isolation resistance between the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis of at least 1,0 MΩ when the charger coupler is disconnected. During the measurement, the traction battery may be disconnected.

3.   Requirements concerning the REESS

3.1.   Protection in case of excessive current.

The REESS shall not overheat in case of excessive current or, if the REESS is prone to overheating due to excessive current, it shall be equipped with one or more protective devices such as fuses, circuit breakers and/or main contactors.

When applicable, the vehicle manufacturer shall supply relevant data and analysis proving that overheating from excessive current is prevented without the use of protective devices.

3.2.   Prevention of accumulation of gas.

Places for containing open type traction battery that may produce hydrogen gas shall be provided with a ventilation fan or a ventilation duct or any other suitable means to prevent the accumulation of hydrogen gas. Vehicles with open type framework that do not allow accumulation of hydrogen gas at such places are not required to have a ventilation fan or a ventilation duct.

3.3.   Protection against electrolyte spills.

Electrolyte shall not spill from the vehicle when the vehicle is tilted in any direction, leaned left or right against the ground or even when the REESS is put upside-down.

In case electrolyte is spilled from the REESS or its components due to other reasons, it shall not reach the driver nor any person on or around the vehicle during normal conditions of use, parked condition (i.e. also when the vehicle is parked on a slope) or any other normal functional operation.

3.4.   Accidental or unintentional detachment.

The REESS and its components shall be installed in the vehicle in such a way so as to preclude the possibility of inadvertent or unintentional detachment or ejection of the REESS.

The REESS and its components shall not be ejected when the vehicle is tilted in any direction, leaned left or right against the ground or even when the REESS is put upside-down

4.   In-use safety requirements

4.1.   Propulsion system power-on and power-off procedure

4.1.1.   At the start-up, including system power-on, in order to select the active driving possible mode, at least two deliberate and distinctive actions shall be performed by the driver.

4.1.2.   At least a momentary indication shall be given to the rider when the vehicle is switched in active driving possible mode, however, this provision does not apply under conditions where an internal combustion engine provides directly or indirectly the vehicle’s propulsion power.

4.1.3.   When leaving the vehicle, the rider shall be informed by a signal (e.g. optical or audible signal) if the vehicle is still in the active driving possible mode.

4.1.4.   If the on-board REESS can be externally charged by the driver, vehicle movement by its own propulsion system shall be impossible as long as the connector of the external electric power supply is physically connected to the vehicle inlet. Compliance with this requirement shall be demonstrated by using the connector specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

In case of permanently connected charge cables, the requirement above is deemed to be met when use of the charge cable obviously prevents the use of the vehicle (e.g. cable is always routed over operator controls, rider’s saddle, driver’s seat, handle bar or steering wheel, or the seat covering the cable storage space needs to remain in open position).

4.1.5.   If a vehicle is equipped with a drive direction control unit (i.e. reversing device) the state of this unit shall be identified to the rider.

4.1.6.   It is permitted that only one action is required to deactivate the active driving possible mode or to complete the power-off procedure.

4.2.   Driving with reduced power

4.2.1.   Indication of reduced power

If the electric propulsion system is equipped with a means to automatically reduce the vehicle propulsion power (e.g. powertrain malfunction operating mode), significant reductions shall be indicated to the rider.

4.2.2.   Indication of low energy content of REESS

If the state of charge in the REESS has a significant impact on vehicle driving performance (i.e. acceleration and drivability, to be evaluated by the Technical Service together with the vehicle manufacturer), a low energy content shall be indicated to the rider by an obvious device (e.g. a visual or audible signal). The indication used for point 4.2.1 shall not be used for this purpose.

4.3.   Driving backwards

It shall not be possible to activate the vehicle reverse control function whilst the vehicle is in forward motion.

4.4.   Determination of hydrogen emissions

4.4.1.   This verification shall be carried out on all vehicle types equipped with open type traction batteries and all requirements shall be met.

4.4.2.   Vehicles shall be equipped with on-board chargers. The tests shall be conducted following the method described in Annex 7 to UNECE regulation No 100 (1). The hydrogen sampling and analysis shall be the ones as prescribed, however, other analysis methods may be used provided that it can be demonstrated that these give equivalent results.

4.4.3.   During a normal charge procedure under the conditions given in Annex 7 to UNECE regulation No 100, hydrogen emissions shall be < 125 g measured over 5 hours, or below (25 × t2) (g) during t2 (h).

4.4.4.   During a charge carried out by an on-board charger presenting a failure (conditions given in Annex 7 to UNECE regulation No 100), hydrogen emissions shall be below 42 g. Furthermore the on-board charger shall limit this possible failure to 30 minutes.

4.4.5.   All the operations linked to the REESS charging shall be controlled automatically, included the stop for charging.

4.4.6.   It shall not be possible to manually override the charging phases.

4.4.7.   Normal operations of connection and disconnection to the mains or power cuts shall not affect the control system of the charging phases.

4.4.8.   Charging failures that can lead to a malfunction of the on-board charger during subsequent charging procedures shall be permanently signalled to the driver or clearly indicated to the operator about to commence a charging procedure.

4.4.9.   Detailed instructions concerning the charging procedure and a statement of conformity to the requirements as set out in points 4.4.1 to 4.4.8 shall be included in the vehicle’s instruction manual.

4.4.10.   Test results obtained from other vehicle types common to those within the same family, in accordance with the provisions laid down in Appendix 2 of Annex 7 to regulation No 100, may be applied.

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(1)  OJ L 57, 2.3.2011, p. 54.

ANNEX V

Requirements applying to manufacturers’ declaration regarding endurance testing of functional safety critical systems, parts and equipment

1.   Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to endurance testing

1.1.   For the purpose of the statement in conformity with Article 22(2) of, and Annex VIII to, Regulation (EU) No 168/2013:

Vehicles and their systems, parts and equipment critical for functional safety shall be capable of withstanding use under normal conditions and when serviced in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, taking into account regular and scheduled maintenance and specific equipment adjustments carried out as per the clear and unambiguous instructions provided by the vehicle manufacturer in the instruction manual provided with the vehicle.

The normal use of a vehicle shall cover five years after first registration and a total distance travelled equal to 1,5 times the distance as specified in Annex VII to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 in direct relation to the vehicle category in question and the emission stage (i.e. Euro level) according to which the vehicle is to be type-approved, however, the required distance shall not exceed 60 000 km for any vehicle category. Normal use does not include use under harsh conditions (e.g. extreme cold or heat) and road conditions inflicting damage to the vehicle due to its state of repair.

1.2.   Type-approved tyres, replaceable light sources of lighting components and other consumable items are excluded from the endurance requirements.

1.3.   The vehicle manufacturer is not obliged to surrender information such as a file containing proprietary information pertaining to company data concerning endurance testing procedures and other related internal practices.

1.4.   The manufacturer’s statement is without prejudice to its warranty obligations towards the owner of the vehicle.

ANNEX VI

Requirements applying to front and rear protective structures

1.   Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to front and rear protective structures

1.1.

If the requirements of UNECE regulation No 26 as regards the external projections have been applied to the entire vehicle, as provided through the relevant provisions of Annex II(C)(7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013, the requirements of this Annex are deemed met.

1.2.

If the requirements of UNECE regulation No 26 as regards the external projections have not been applied, or have been applied only partly to the vehicle as permitted through the relevant provisions of Annex II(C)(7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013, the following requirements shall be met: 1.2.1. Vehicles of which the relevant front structure has been fully assessed in accordance with UNECE regulation No 26 are deemed to comply with the requirements on front protective structures. 1.2.2. Vehicles with a single front wheel and of which the external projections forward of the front axle have been assessed by means of the testing device in accordance with the relevant provisions of Annex II(C)(7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013, are deemed to comply with the requirements on front protective structures. 1.2.3. Vehicles with more than one front wheel and of which the relevant front structure has not been fully assessed in accordance with UNECE regulation No 26 shall meet the following requirements: 1.2.3.1. At least two thirds of the maximum width of the forward section of the vehicle, measured at the location of the front axle or in front of it, shall consist of vehicle structure forward of the transverse line which is halfway between the front axle and the foremost point of the vehicle (i.e. the relevant structure, see Figure 6-1). The location, in terms of height, of this structure is relevant only above the floor line and below 2,0 m. Figure 6-1 Relevant structure of the forward section of the vehicle 1.2.3.2. None of the vehicle structure forward of the line described in point 1.2.3.1 shall have pointed or sharp parts or projections which are directed outwards and which are likely to catch or significantly increase the severity of injuries or chance of lacerations to vulnerable road users in the event of a collision while the vehicle is being driven forward. The structure shall in any case exhibit no edges which can be contacted by a 100 mm sphere and which have a radius of curvature of less than 2,5 mm. Edges may however be blunted where their projection is less than 5,0 mm and there are no specific requirements for edges with a projection of less than 1,5 mm. 1.2.4. Vehicles which are not equipped with a device for reversing are exempted from the requirements on rear protective structures in points 1.2.5 to 1.2.6.2.1. 1.2.5. Vehicles which are equipped with a device for reversing and of which the relevant rear structure has been fully assessed in accordance with UNECE regulation No 26 are deemed to comply with the requirements applying to rear protective structures. 1.2.6. Vehicles which are equipped with a device for reversing and of which the relevant rear vehicle structure has not been fully assessed in accordance with UNECE regulation No 26 shall meet the following requirements: 1.2.6.1. At least two thirds of the width of the vehicle, as measured at the rear axle, shall consist of vehicle structure (i.e. the relevant structure, see Figure 6-2). The location, in terms of height, of this structure is relevant only above the floor line and below 2,0 m. Figure 6.2 1.2.6.2. None of the structure rearward of the rear axle shall have pointed or sharp parts or projections which are directed outwards and which are likely to catch or significantly increase the severity of injuries or chance of lacerations to vulnerable road users in the event of a collision while the vehicle is being driven rearward. The structure shall in any case exhibit no edges which can be contacted by a 100 mm sphere and which have a radius of curvature of less than 2,5 mm. Edges may however be blunted where their projection is less than 5,0 mm and there are no specific requirements for edges with a projection of less than 1,5 mm. 1.2.6.2.1. In case of vehicles of categories L2e-U, L5e-B, L6e-BU and L7e-CU, the edges which can be contacted by a 100 mm sphere shall at least be blunted when their projection is 1,5 mm or more.

1.3.

If the material hardness is measured upon request of the technical service, the measurement shall be taken with the material as installed on the vehicle. Where it is impossible to carry out such a measurement correctly, the technical service may accept alternative assessment methods.

ANNEX VII

Requirements applying to glazing, windscreen wipers and washers, and defrosting and demisting systems

PART 1

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to glazing

1.   Fitting requirements.

1.1.

Vehicles shall be fitted only with safety glazing.

1.1.1.

All safety glazing fitted to the vehicle shall be type-approved in accordance with UNECE regulation No 43.

1.1.2.

Safety glazing shall be fitted in such a way that, despite the stresses to which the vehicle is subject under normal operating conditions, it remains in position and continues to afford visibility and safety to the occupants or riders of the vehicle.

1.1.3.

Plastic windscreens which are fitted to vehicles without bodywork and which are not supported at the top are not deemed to be safety glazing and are exempted from the requirements laid down in this Annex.

1.1.3.1.

By way of derogation to Article 2(5) and for the purpose of this Annex, a vehicle is deemed to have bodywork if there are structural elements such as A-pillars or a rigid frame around the windscreen, in combination with other possible elements such as side doors, side windows and/or a roof creating an enclosed or partly enclosed compartment and the technical service shall provide clear justification for the judgment criteria in the test report.

2.   Specific provisions

2.1.

Vehicles of category L shall meet all the relevant requirements set out in Annex 21 to UNECE regulation No 43, as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

2.1.1.

Points 4.2.1.2 and 4.2.2.2 of Annex 21 to UNECE regulation No 43 shall not apply. Instead, flexible-plastic glazing bearing the approval mark ‘IX’ may be fitted as safety glazing other than windscreens.

2.1.2.

Rigid plastic safety glazing, provided that it is type-approved and bears the approval mark ‘VIII /A/L’ or ‘X /A/L’, may be fitted as a windscreen on vehicles of categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e.

2.1.3.

Vehicles of categories L5e-B, L6e-B and L7e-C shall be fitted with a windscreen forming a part of the enclosed driving and passenger compartment.

PART 2

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to windscreen wipers and washers

1.   Fitting requirements

1.1.   All vehicles fitted with a windscreen made from safety glazing shall be equipped with a windscreen wiper system that can function when the vehicle master control switch has been activated, without any action by the driver other than switching on the operating control for starting and stopping the windscreen wiper system.

1.1.1.   The windscreen wiper system shall consist of one or more wiper arms with wiper blades that are easily replaceable and can be cleaned manually. Wiper arms shall be fitted in such a way that they can be folded away from the windscreen.

1.1.2.   The windscreen wiper field shall cover at least 90 % of vision area A, as determined in accordance with Appendix 1.

1.1.2.1.

The windscreen wiper field shall meet the requirements when the system is operating at a sweep frequency corresponding to point 1.1.3. The windscreen wiper field shall be assessed under the conditions set out in points 2.1.10 to 2.1.10.3.

1.1.3.   The windscreen wiper shall have a sweep frequency of at least 40 cycles per minute, to be attained under the conditions specified in points 2.1.1 to 2.1.6 and 2.1.8.

1.1.4.   The windscreen wiper system shall be capable of operating for two minutes on a dry windscreen without deterioration of performance.

1.1.4.1.

The performance of the windscreen wiper system on a dry windscreen shall be tested under the conditions set out in point 2.1.11.

1.1.5.   The windscreen wiper system shall be capable of withstanding stalling for at least 15 seconds. The use of automatic circuit protection devices is allowed, provided that no action is required for possible resetting other than operation of the windscreen wiper operating control.

1.1.5.1.

The capability of withstanding stalling shall be tested under the conditions set out in point 2.1.7.

1.2.   All vehicles fitted with a windscreen made from safety glazing shall be fitted with a windscreen washer system that can function when the vehicle master control switch has been activated and is capable of withstanding the loads and pressures resulting when the nozzles are plugged and the system is actuated according to the procedure set out in points 2.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.1.2.

1.2.1.   The performance of the windscreen washer system shall not be adversely affected by exposure to the temperature cycles referred to in points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3.1.

1.2.2.   The windscreen washer system shall be capable of spraying fluid onto the target area of the windscreen without any trace of leakage, disconnection of any tubing and malfunctioning of any nozzle, at normal conditions when subjected to ambient temperatures between 255 K and 333 K (– 18 °C and 60 °C). In addition, when the nozzles are blocked, the system shall show no signs of leakage and disconnection of any tubing.

1.2.3.   The windscreen washer system shall be capable of delivering sufficient fluid to clear at least 60 % of vision area A, as determined in accordance with Appendix 1, under the conditions set out in points 2.2.5 to 2.2.5.4.

1.2.4.   The windscreen washer system shall be capable of being activated manually by means of the washer control. In addition, activation and deactivation of the system may be coordinated and combined with any other vehicle system.

1.2.5.   The capacity of the reservoir containing the liquid shall not be less than 1,0 litre.

1.2.6.   A windscreen washer system which has been approved as a separate technical unit in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 1008/2010 (1) may be installed, provided that the provisions of point 2.2.6 are complied with.

2.   Test procedure

2.1.   Windscreen wiper system test conditions.

2.1.1.   The tests described below shall be carried out under the conditions stated in points 2.1.2 to 2.1.5 unless specified otherwise.

2.1.2.   The ambient temperature shall be between 278 K and 313 K (5 °C and 40 °C).

2.1.3   The windscreen shall be kept constantly wet.

2.1.4.   Electric windscreen wiper systems shall meet the following additional conditions:

2.1.4.1.

All batteries shall be fully charged at the start of the test.

2.1.4.2.

The engine, if fitted, shall run at a speed not exceeding 30 % of the speed corresponding to its maximum power output. However, if this is proven not to be practicable due to specific engine control strategies, for instance in the case of electric hybrid vehicles, a realistic scenario shall be determined, taking into account the engine speeds and periodical or complete absence of a running engine during normal driving conditions. If the windscreen wiper system can meet the requirements without a running engine, the engine does not have to run at all.

2.1.4.3.

The passing beam headlamps shall be switched on.

2.1.4.4.

All fitted heating, ventilation, defrosting and demisting systems (regardless of their location in the vehicle) shall be operating at maximum electrical consumption.

2.1.5.   Compressed air or vacuum operated windscreen wiper systems shall be capable of functioning continuously at the prescribed sweep frequencies whatever the engine speed and engine load or minimum and maximum battery charge levels specified by the manufacturer for normal operation.

2.1.6.   The sweep frequency of the windscreen wiper system shall comply with the requirements of point 1.1.3 after a preliminary operating time of 20 minutes on a wet windshield.

2.1.7.   The requirements of point 1.1.5 shall be satisfied when the wiper arms are restrained in a position corresponding to half a cycle, for a period of 15 seconds with the windscreen wiper control set at the maximum sweep frequency.

2.1.8.   The outer face of the windscreen shall be thoroughly degreased by means of methylated spirit or an equivalent degreasing agent. After drying, a solution of ammonia of not less than 3 % and not more than 10 % shall be applied. The surface shall be allowed to dry again and then be wiped with a dry cotton cloth.

2.1.9.   A coating of the test mixture, complying with the specifications laid down in Appendix 2, shall be applied uniformly to the outer surface of the windscreen and allowed to dry.

2.1.9.1.

Where the outer face of the windscreen has been prepared in accordance with points 2.1.8 and 2.1.9, the windscreen washer system may be used during the relevant tests.

2.1.10.   The wiper field of the windscreen wiper system, as prescribed in point 1.1.2, shall be determined as follows:

2.1.10.1.

The outer face of the windscreen shall be treated in accordance with points 2.1.8 and 2.1.9.

2.1.10.2.

In order to verify that the requirements of point 1.1.2 are met, the windscreen wiper system shall be activated, taking into account point 2.1.9.1, and a trace of the wiper field shall be made and compared with a trace of vision area A, as determined in accordance with Appendix 1.

2.1.10.3.

The technical service may agree to an alternative test procedure (e.g. virtual testing) to verify that the requirements of point 1.1.2 are met.

2.1.11.   The requirements of point 1.1.4 shall be satisfied under the conditions of point 2.1.2. The vehicle shall be prepared for operation under the conditions set out in points 2.1.4 to 2.1.5. During the test, the wiper system shall operate normally, but at the maximum sweep frequency. The wiper field does not have to be observed.

2.2.   Windscreen washer system test conditions.

2.2.1.   Test No 1: The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water, fully primed and placed in an ambient temperature of 293 ± 2 K (20 ± 2 °C) for a minimum of four hours. The water shall be stabilised at this temperature.

2.2.1.1.

All nozzle outlets shall be plugged and the windscreen washer control shall be actuated six times in one minute, each time for at least three seconds.

2.2.1.1.1

If the windscreen washer system is powered by the muscular energy of the driver, the force applied shall be 11,0 to 13,5 daN if a hand-operated washer pump is used, or 40,0 to 44,5 daN if a foot-operated washer pump is used.

2.2.1.1.2.

Where electric washer pumps are used, the test voltage shall not be less than the rated voltage and not more than the rated voltage plus 2 Volt.

2.2.1.2.

The performance of the windscreen washer system at the end of the test shall be in compliance with point 1.2.2..

2.2.2.   Test No 2. The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 255 ± 3 K (– 18 ± 3 °C) for a minimum of four hours, ensuring that all the water contained in the device is frozen. The device is then exposed to an ambient temperature of 293 ± 2 K (20 ± 2 °C) until the ice has completely melted.

2.2.2.1.

The performance of the windscreen washer system shall then be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 2.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.2.

2.2.3.   Test No 3. The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water of a temperature of 333 ± 3 K (60 ± 3 °C).

2.2.3.1.

The performance of the windscreen washer system shall then be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 2.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.2.

2.2.4.   The windscreen washer system tests set out in points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3.1 shall be carried out in sequence on the same windscreen washer system. The system may be tested either as installed on the vehicle type for which EC type-approval is sought, or separately.

2.2.5.   Test No 4: Windscreen washer system capability test

2.2.5.1.

The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water and fully primed. With the vehicle stationary and no significant wind effect, the nozzle(s) may, if possible, be adjusted so as to point towards the target area on the outer face of the windscreen.

2.2.5.2.

The outer face of the windscreen shall be treated as prescribed in points 2.1.8 and 2.1.9.

2.2.5.3.

The windscreen washer system shall be actuated according to the manufacturer’s instructions, taking into account points 2.2.1.1.1 and 2.2.1.1.2. The total duration of the test shall not exceed 10 complete cycles of automatic operation of the windscreen wiper system operating at the maximum sweep frequency.

2.2.5.4.

In order to verify that the requirements of point 1.2.3 are met, a trace of the relevant cleaned area shall be made and compared with a trace of vision area A, as determined in accordance with Appendix 1. If it is clear to the observer that the requirements are met, the traces do not have to be prepared.

2.2.6.   Where a type-approved separate technical unit is installed on the vehicle, in accordance with point 1.2.6, only the test set out in points 2.2.5 to 2.2.5.4 needs to be carried out on the windscreen washer system.

PART 3

Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to defrosting and demisting systems

1.   Fitting requirements

1.1.

All vehicles fitted with a windscreen made from safety glazing, except vehicles of categories L2e and L6e as well as any vehicles not fitted with side doors capable of covering the door aperture by at least 75 %, either as standard or optional equipment, shall be equipped with a system for removing frost and ice from the exterior glazed surface of the windscreen and removing mist from the interior glazed surface of the windscreen. The windscreen defrosting and demisting system shall be effective enough to ensure adequate visibility through the windscreen in cold weather.

1.1.1.

Vehicles with a maximum power not exceeding 15 kW shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 122 (3), as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

1.1.2.

Vehicles with a maximum power exceeding 15 kW shall meet all the relevant requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 672/2010 (4), as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

1.2.

However, if the windscreen is fitted in such a way that no vehicle structure attached to the windscreen extends rearwards for more than 100 mm, with any detachable or retractable door or roof installed and in the closed position, the defrosting and demisting system is not required.

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(1)  OJ L 292, 10.11.2010, p. 2.

(2)  OJ L 200, 31.7.2010, p. 38.

(3)  OJ L 164, 30.6.2010, p. 231.

(4)  OJ L 196, 28.7.2010, p. 5.

ANNEX VIII

Requirements applying to driver-operated controls including identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators

1.   Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators

1.1.   Identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators

1.1.1.   Vehicles of categories L1e-B and L3e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 60 except those in Annex 3 to that regulation. The requirements of points 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2 shall also be taken into account.

1.1.1.1.   It shall be ensured that no deviations in the shape and orientation of the provided symbols are permitted.

1.1.1.2.   It shall further be ensured that the corresponding requirements of points 2 to 2.2.1.6 are met with respect to functions for which no symbol is provided in UNECE regulation No 60, but for which symbols are provided in this Regulation.

1.1.2.   Vehicles of category L4e shall meet all the relevant requirements in points 1.1.1 to 1.1.1.2 for vehicle category L3e.

1.1.3.   Vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e shall meet the requirements of point 2 to 2.2.1.6 or, alternatively, the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 121 (1), as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

1.2.   Speedometer and odometer

1.2.1.   Vehicles with a maximum design vehicle speed exceeding 25 km/h shall be fitted with a speedometer as well as an odometer.

1.2.1.1.   Vehicles of categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e fitted with a speedometer shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 39.

1.2.1.2.   Vehicles of category L6e fitted with a speedometer shall, in the absence of specific requirements for vehicles of that category, meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 39, as prescribed for vehicle category L2e.

1.2.1.3.   Vehicles of category L7e fitted with a speedometer shall, in the absence of specific requirements for vehicles of that category, meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 39, as prescribed for vehicle category L5e.

1.2.2.   Explanatory notes to UNECE regulation No 39

1.2.2.1.   The technical service may accept an increased temperature range of 296 ± 15 K (23 ± 15 °C) instead of the range stated in point 5.2.3 of UNECE regulation No 39 if it can be demonstrated that the speedometer equipment is not sensitive to such temperature variations (e.g. with digital displays).

2.   Specific requirements

2.1.   Controls, tell-tales and indicators fitted to the vehicle and listed in point 2.1.10 shall comply with the requirements regarding location, identification, colour and illumination. For functions for which no symbol is provided in this Regulation, the manufacturer may use a symbol following the appropriate ISO 6727:2012 or 2575:2010/Amd1:2011 standards. Where no ISO symbol is available, the manufacturer may use a symbol of its own conception. In any case, such symbol shall not cause confusion with any prescribed symbol.

2.1.1.   The symbols shall stand out clearly against the background.

2.1.1.1.   Contrasting colours shall be used to comply with the requirements of point 2.1.1.

2.1.2.   The symbols shall be placed on the control or control tell-tale to be identified, or in immediate proximity thereof. Where this is not possible, the symbol and control or tell-tale shall be joined by a continuous dash that is as short as possible.

2.1.3.   Deviations in the shape of the provided symbols are not permitted.

2.1.4.   If necessary for clarity, supplementary symbols may be used in conjunction with any symbol as specified, provided that they do not cause confusion with any symbol specified in this Regulation.

2.1.5.   At the manufacturer’s discretion, any control or indicator as well as their identifications may be capable of being illuminated at any time.

2.1.6.   A tell-tale shall not emit light except when identifying the malfunction or vehicle condition it is designed to indicate or during a functional check (e.g. bulb check).

2.1.7.   Means shall be provided to ensure that tell-tales and their identification are visible and recognisable under all driving conditions.

2.1.7.1.   When illuminated, tell-tales and their associated identifying symbols shall be perfectly visible and recognisable under all ambient lighting conditions.

2.1.8.   When used for optical tell-tales, the following colours shall have the meanings indicated:

—	red: danger to persons or very serious damage to equipment is immediate or imminent,

—	yellow: outside normal operating limits, vehicle system malfunction, damage to vehicle likely, or other condition which may produce hazard in the longer term (caution),

—	green: safety, normal operating condition (except if blue or yellow is required).

The mandatory colours are given in point 2.1.10. It shall be verified that no inappropriate colour is used for tell-tales even if fitted cumulatively (e.g. red for normal cruise control operation or for ‘sport’ mode).

2.1.9.   If colour coding is used to identify the limits of the adjustment range of a temperature function (e.g. passenger compartment heating system), the hot limit shall be identified by the colour red and the cold limit by the colour blue. If the status or limit of a function is shown by an indicator separated from and not adjacent to the control for that function, both the control and the indicator shall be independently identified with the appropriate symbol.

2.1.10.   Designation and identification of symbols:

Figure 8-1

Driving beam (main-beam) headlamp (control / tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: blue

Figure 8-2

Passing beam (dipped-beam) headlamp (control / tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Figure 8-3

Direction indicator (control / tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Note: if there are separate tell-tales for the left and right direction indicators, the two arrows may also be used independently.

Figure 8-4

Hazard warning signal (control / tell-tale)

Two possibilities:

—	Identifying signal (Figure 8-4), Tell-tale colour: red or

—	Simultaneous operation of the separate direction indicator tell-tales (Figure 8-3), provided that these normally operate independently (see Note below Figure 8-3).

Figure 8-5

Manual choke (control / tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Figure 8-6

Electrical audible warning device (control)

Note: if more than one symbol is provided on the control(s), the supplementary symbol(s) may be mirrored. If the control is located directly on a steering wheel, the requirements of point 2.1.1.1 do not apply.

Figure 8-7

Fuel level (indicator/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Figure 8-8

Engine coolant temperature (indicator/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: red

Figure 8-9

Battery charge (indicator/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: red

Figure 8-10

Engine oil (indicator/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: red

Figure 8-11

Front fog lamp (control/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Figure 8-12

Rear fog lamp (control/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Figure 8-13

Vehicle master control switch, engine ignition, supplemental engine cut-off (control)

Note: position ‘off’ — identification is not required for switches physically integrated with protective devices acting on the vehicle steering (steering lock).

Figure 8-14

Vehicle master control switch, engine ignition, supplemental engine cut-off (control)

Note: position ‘on’ or ‘run’ — identification is not required for switches physically integrated with protective devices acting on the vehicle steering (steering lock).

Figure 8-15

Lighting switch (control/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Figure 8-16

Position (side) lamps (control/tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Note: if this function does not have a separate control or tell-tale, it may be identified by the symbol shown in Figure 8-15.

Figure 8-17

Parking lamps (control)

Figure 8-18

Neutral indication (tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: green

Note: gear box in neutral.

Figure 8-19

Electric engine starter (control)

Figure 8-20

Anti-lock Brake System malfunction (tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Figure 8-21

Malfunction indicator lamp (tell-tale)

Tell-tale colour: yellow

Note: shall be used to convey power-train related failures which may affect emissions.

Explanatory notes:

(1)	The framed areas may be solid.

(2)	The dark part of this symbol may be replaced by its silhouette.

2.1.11.   The model base provided in Figure 8-22 shall be used.

Figure 8-22

Structure of the model base for the symbols referred to in point 2.1.10

The model base consists of:

(1)	a base 50 mm square, this dimension being equal to nominal dimension ‘a’ in the original;

(2)	a base circle 56 mm in diameter having approximately the same area as the base square (1);

(3)	a second 50 mm-diameter circle is drawn within the base square (1);

(4)	a second square the tips of which lie on the base circle (2) and the sides of which are parallel to those of the base square (1);

(5)	and (6) two rectangles having the same area as the base square (1), their sides being at right angles to each other and each of them devised so as to divide the opposite sides of the base square into symmetrical points;

(7)	a third square the sides of which pass through the points of intersection of the base square (1) and the base circle (2) and are inclined at 45°, thus providing the greatest horizontal and vertical dimensions of the model base;

(8)	an irregular octagon formed by lines inclined at 30° to the sides of the square (7).

The base model is laid upon a grid the lower side of which measures 12,5 mm and coincides with the base square (1).

2.2.   Common space for displaying multiple information.

2.2.1.   A common space may be used to show information from any source, provided that the following requirements are met:

2.2.1.1.   The tell-tales and indicators displayed in the common space shall meet the requirements of points 2.1 to 2.1.11 and shall light up at the initiation of the condition they are designed to identify.

2.2.1.2.   The tell-tales and indicators listed in point 2.1.10 and shown in the common space shall light up at the initiation of any underlying condition.

2.2.1.3.   Except as provided in points 2.2.1.4 to 2.2.1.6, when the condition exists for actuation of two or more tell-tales, the information shall be either:

—	repeated automatically in sequence, or

—	indicated by visible means and capable of being selected for viewing by the driver when seated in the driving position.

2.2.1.4.   The tell-tales for any braking system malfunction, headlamp driving beam and direction indicator shall not be shown in the same common space.

2.2.1.5.   If any of those tell-tales are displayed in a common space with other tell-tales, their activation shall take precedence over that of anything else in the common space.

2.2.1.6.   It shall not be possible to deactivate the braking system malfunction, headlamp driving beam and direction indicator tell-tales, or any other red tell-tale, when the condition for their activation still exists. It may be possible for other information displayed in a common space to be cancelled automatically or by the driver.

---

(1)  OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 290.

ANNEX IX

Requirements applying to installation of lighting and light signalling devices, including automatic switching of lighting

1.   Requirements for the approval of a type of vehicle with regard to installation of lighting

1.1.   Vehicles of category L1e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 74 (1). The requirements of points 1.8 to 1.12 shall also be taken into account.

1.1.1.   Vehicles of category L1e-B shall, in the absence of uniform requirements in UNECE regulation No 74, always be fitted with a rear registration plate lamp.

1.1.2.   Vehicles of category L1e may, in the absence of specific requirements in UNECE regulation No 74, be fitted with daytime running lamps which are activated instead of automatically switched-on headlamps and which comply with the requirements set out in points 2.3.4 to 2.3.4.7 below.

1.1.3.   Vehicles of category L1e-A may alternatively to the requirements laid down in points 1.1 to 1.1.2 be fitted with all the following devices: a headlamp emitting white light towards the front when the vehicle is in motion, a rear position lamp emitting red light towards the rear when the vehicle is in motion, amber side retro-reflectors (one on each side), amber pedal retro-reflectors (towards the front and the rear, both on each side) and a red rear retro-reflector. These lighting devices need not be component type-approved and no other specific fitting, switching and electrical connection requirements apply. In such cases, the manufacturer shall declare that the lighting devices concerned conform to ISO standard 6742-1:1987 and 6742-2:1985.

1.2.   Vehicles of category L2e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 2.5.

1.3.   Vehicles of category L3e shall meet all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 53. The requirements of points 1.8 to 1.12 shall also be taken into account.

1.4.   Vehicles of category L4e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 1.12 and 3 to 3.2.8.1.

1.5.   Vehicles of category L5e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 2.5.

1.6.   Vehicles of category L6e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 2.5.

1.7.   Vehicles of category L7e shall meet the requirements of points 1.10 to 2.5.

1.8.   Vehicles of category L1e-A may be fitted with retro-reflective bands on the tyre sidewalls or rims so as to provide a visual impression of circles of white light and making such vehicles easily recognisable.

1.9.   Vehicles of categories L1e and L3e may be fitted with additional rear and side retro-reflective devices and materials provided that they do not impair the effectiveness of the mandatory lighting and light-signalling devices. In particular, luggage compartments and saddle bags may be fitted with retro-reflective materials, provided that these have the same colour as the lighting devices at that location.

1.10.   No vehicle shall be fitted with auxiliary light sources of which the emitted light can be observed either directly or indirectly under normal driving conditions, other than those for the purpose of illuminating controls, tell-tales and indicators or the occupant compartment.

1.11.   No vehicle shall be fitted with lighting devices which, due to a lack of specific wording in the respective component type-approval provisions and unless explicitly allowed by those provisions, display or give the appearance of movement or expansion of its light on the apparent surface or any strobe or flashing effect. Furthermore, if the apparent surface of a lighting function is reduced in size due to the activation of another lighting function with a different colour, the remaining apparent surface of the first named function shall continue to meet the relevant colorimetric and appropriate luminous intensity requirements (e.g. left and right-hand side tail lamp consisting of two rear position lamp rings with LEDs of which the outer ring can become the direction indicator lamp and the inner ring remains a combined rear position and stop lamp). All operation modes shall be duly covered by the lighting device component type-approval.

1.12.   Where automatically switched-on headlamp or daytime running lamp activation is linked to the running of an engine, this shall be construed as being linked to the activation of the master control switch. This shall in particular be the case for vehicles with electric or other alternative propulsion systems and vehicles equipped with an automatic engine stop/start system.

2.   Requirements concerning vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e.

2.1.   General specifications

2.1.1.   All lighting devices shall be type-approved and fitted in accordance with the component manufacturer’s specifications and installed so that, under normal conditions of use and notwithstanding any vibration to which they may be subjected, they retain the characteristics as prescribed and enable the vehicle to comply with the requirements of this Annex. In particular, it shall not be possible for the lighting devices to be inadvertently maladjusted.

2.1.2.   The illuminating lamps shall be fitted so that their alignment can easily be set correctly.

2.1.3.   The reference axis of the lighting device when fitted to the vehicle shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle in the case of side retro-reflectors and parallel to that plane in the case of all other lighting devices, with a permitted tolerance of 3°.

2.1.4.   The height and alignment of lighting devices are verified with the vehicle with its mass in running order, plus the mass of any propulsion batteries, placed on a flat horizontal surface, with the steered wheel(s) in the straight ahead position and the tyre pressures adjusted to the manufacturer’s specified values.

2.1.5.   In the absence of specific requirements, lighting devices constituting a pair shall:

—	be installed on the vehicle symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal median plane,

—	be symmetrical to each other in relation to the longitudinal median plane (which includes being in stacked formation),

—	have identical colorimetric requirements, and

—	have identical photometric characteristics.

2.1.6.   In the absence of specific instructions, lamps having different functions may be independent or grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated in one device, provided that each lamp complies with the requirement applicable to it.

2.1.7.   The maximum height above ground is measured from the highest point, and the minimum height from the lowest point, of the light-emitting surface.

2.1.8.   In the absence of specific requirements, no lamps other than direction indicator lamps, the hazard warning signal and the emergency braking signal may emit a flashing light.

2.1.9.   No light-emitting surface of any red lamp, with the exception of rearmost side marker lamps, shall be visible towards the front and no light-emitting surface of any white lamp, with the exception of reversing lamps, shall be visible towards the rear. No interior or instrument cluster lighting shall be taken into account and the condition is checked as follows:

2.1.9.1.

No red lamp shall be directly visible to an observer moving within Zone 1 in a transverse plane situated 25 m in front of the foremost part of the vehicle (see Figure 9-1).

2.1.9.2.

No white lamp shall be directly visible to an observer moving within Zone 2 in a transverse plane situated 25 m behind the rearmost part of the vehicle (see Figure 9-2).

2.1.9.3.

Zones 1 and 2 are limited in their respective planes as follows (see Figures 9-1 and 9-2): 2.1.9.3.1. Two horizontal planes which are 1,0 m and 2,2 m respectively above the ground; 2.1.9.3.2. Two vertical planes under an angle of 15° towards the front and rear of the vehicle respectively, and outward of the vehicle by reference to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. These planes contain, respectively, the vertical lines of intersection of the vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle representing its overall width, and of the transverse vertical planes representing the overall length of the vehicle.

Figure 9-1

Direct visibility towards the front of the light-emitting surface of a lamp emitting red light

Figure 9-2

Direct visibility towards the rear of the light-emitting surface of a lamp emitting white light

2.1.10.   The electrical connections shall be such that front position lamps, rear position lamps and the rear registration plate lamp can be switched on and off only simultaneously.

2.1.11.   Vehicles shall be fitted with either:

—	daytime running lamps, or

—	passing-beam headlamps which are automatically switched on when the vehicle master control switch has been activated.

2.1.12.   In the absence of specific requirements, the electrical connections shall be such that the driving-beam headlamps, the passing-beam headlamps and the front fog lamps cannot be switched on unless the lamps referred to in point 2.1.10 are also switched on. This requirement does not apply in the case of driving-beam and/or passing-beam headlamps when they are used to provide optical warning by means of short and intermittent activation.

2.1.13.   Tell tales

2.1.13.1.   Provisions concerning specific closed-circuit tell-tales may be fulfilled by the appropriate functions of an operational tell-tale.

2.1.14.   The colours emitted by lighting devices shall be as follows:

Driving-beam headlamps	:	white
Daytime running lamp	:	white
Passing-beam headlamp	:	white
Direction indicator lamp	:	amber
Stop lamp	:	red
Front position lamp	:	white
Rear position lamp	:	red
Front fog lamp	:	white or yellow
Rear fog lamp	:	red
Reversing lamp	:	white
Hazard warning signal	:	amber
Rear registration plate lamp	:	white
Non-triangular side retro-reflector (front)	:	amber
Non-triangular side retro-reflector (rear)	:	amber or red
Side marker lamp (front)	:	amber
Side marker lamp (rear)	:	amber or red
Non-triangular rear retro-reflector	:	red

2.1.14.1.   Trichromatic coordinates:

Red:	Limit towards yellow:	y ≤ 0,335
	Limit towards purple:	z ≤ 0,008
White:	Limit towards blue:	x ≥ 0,310
	Limit towards yellow:	x ≤ 0,500
	Limit towards green:
	Limit towards green:	y ≤ 0,440
	Limit towards purple:
	Limit towards red:	y ≥ 0,382
Yellow:	Limit towards red:
	Limit towards green:
	Limit towards white:	and y ≥ 0,440
		y ≥ 0,440
	Limit towards the spectral value:
Amber:	Limit towards yellow:	y ≤ 0,429
	Limit towards red:	y ≥ 0,398
	Limit towards white:	z ≤ 0,007

A source having a colour temperature of 2 856 K is used to check the above limits (International Commission on Illumination (ICI) Standard A).

2.1.14.2.   The colour definitions in UNECE regulation No 48 (2) may be taken as an alternative to the specifications in point 2.1.14.1, in which case the definition for ‘selective-yellow’ shall be taken instead of the above specification for ‘yellow’.

2.2.   General requirements

2.2.1.   Vehicles of categories L2e and L6e shall be fitted with the following lighting devices:

—	passing-beam headlamp,

—	front position lamp,

—	direction indicators,

—	rear position lamp,

—	stop lamp,

—	rear registration plate lamp,

—	rear retro-reflector (non-triangular), and

—	side retro-reflectors (non-triangular).

2.2.2.   Vehicles of categories L2e and L6e may be fitted with the following additional lighting devices:

—	driving-beam headlamp,

—	daytime running lamp,

—	front fog lamp,

—	hazard warning signal,

—	rear fog lamp,

—	reversing lamp, and

—	side marker lamps.

2.2.3.   No lighting and light-signalling devices other than those referred to in points 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 shall be installed on vehicles of category L2e or L6e.

2.2.4.   Vehicles of categories L5e and L7e shall be fitted with the following lighting devices:

—	driving-beam headlamp,

—	passing-beam headlamp,

—	front position lamp,

—	direction indicators,

—	rear position lamp,

—	stop lamp,

—	rear registration plate lamp,

—	rear retro-reflector (non-triangular), and

—	side retro-reflectors (non-triangular).

2.2.5.   Vehicles of categories L5e and L7e may be fitted with the following additional lighting devices:

—	daytime running lamp,

—	front fog lamp,

—	hazard warning signal,

—	rear fog lamp,

—	reversing lamp, and

—	side marker lamps.

2.2.6.   No lighting and light-signalling devices other than those referred to in points 2.2.4 and 2.2.5 shall be installed on vehicles of category L5e or L7e.

2.2.7.   Only lighting and light-signalling devices which are type-approved for vehicle category L shall be installed on the vehicle. However, lighting and light-signalling devices which are type-approved for installation on vehicles of categories M1 or N1, in accordance with UNECE regulation No 48, may also be installed.

2.2.7.1.   Vehicles of categories other than L2e and L6e shall not be fitted with passing-beam headlamps of Class A.

2.3.   Specific requirements

2.3.1.   Driving-beam headlamp

2.3.1.1.   Number:

—	one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm,

—	two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm.

2.3.1.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.1.3.   Position:

2.3.1.3.1.

In width: — a single independent driving-beam headlamp may be fitted above, below or to one side of another front lamp. If these lamps are stacked on top of each other, the reference centre of the driving-beam headlamp shall be located within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. If they are side by side, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle; — a single independent driving-beam headlamp which is reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted in such a way that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. However, when the vehicle is also fitted with another front lamp alongside the driving-beam headlamp, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle; — two driving-beam headlamps of which either none, one or both are reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted in such a way that their reference centres are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

2.3.1.3.2.

In height: — no specific requirements.

2.3.1.3.3.

In length: — at the front of the vehicle. This requirement is considered to have been met if the light emitted does not disturb the driver either directly or indirectly by means of the rear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces on the vehicle.

2.3.1.3.4.

Distance: — in the case of a single independent driving-beam headlamp, the distance between the edge of the light-emitting surface and that of any single independent passing-beam headlamp shall not exceed 200 mm.

2.3.1.4.   Geometric visibility:

—

the visibility of the light-emitting surface, including in areas which do not appear to be illuminated in the direction of observation considered, shall be ensured within a divergent space defined by generating lines based on the perimeter of the light-emitting surface and forming an angle of not less than 5° with the reference axis of the driving-beam headlamp.

2.3.1.5.   Orientation:

—	to the front; may move in line with the steering angle of any handlebars.

2.3.1.6.   Electrical connections:

—	all driving-beam headlamps shall light up and extinguish simultaneously,

—	all driving-beam headlamps shall light up when the forward lighting mode is switched from passing-beam to driving-beam,

—	all driving-beam headlamps shall be extinguished simultaneously when the forward lighting mode is switched from driving-beam to passing-beam,

—	the passing-beam headlamps may remain lit at the same time as the driving-beam headlamps.

2.3.1.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	mandatory, if the driving beam headlamp is fitted (non-flashing blue tell-tale).

2.3.1.8.   Other requirements:

—	the combined value of the maximum intensity of all driving-beam headlamps which can be activated at the same time shall not exceed 430 000 cd, which corresponds to a reference value of 100.

2.3.2.   Passing-beam headlamp

2.3.2.1.   Number:

—	one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm,

—	two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm.

2.3.2.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.2.3.   Position:

2.3.2.3.1.

In width: — a single independent passing-beam headlamp may be fitted above, below or to one side of another front lamp. If lamps are stacked on top of each other, the reference centre of the passing-beam headlamp shall be located within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. If they are side by side, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — a single independent passing-beam headlamp which is reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted in such a way that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. However, when the vehicle is fitted with another front lamp alongside the passing-beam headlamp, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — two passing-beam headlamps of which either none, one or both are reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted in such a way that their reference centres are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — where there are two passing-beam headlamps, the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm.

2.3.2.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 500 mm and a maximum of 1 200 mm above the ground.

2.3.2.3.3.

In length: — at the front of the vehicle. This requirement is considered to have been met if the light emitted disturbs the driver neither directly nor indirectly by reflection off the rear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces on the vehicle.

2.3.2.3.4.

Distance: — the distance between the edge of the light-emitting surface of a single independent passing-beam headlamp and that of any single independent driving-beam headlamp shall not exceed 200 mm.

2.3.2.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 15° upwards and 10° downwards,

—	β = 45° to the left and to the right if there is only one passing-beam headlamp,

—	β = 45° outwards and 10° inwards if there are two passing-beam headlamps.

2.3.2.5.   Orientation:

—	to the front; may move in line with the steering angle of any handlebars.

2.3.2.6.   Electrical connections:

—	all passing-beam headlamps shall light up and extinguish simultaneously,

—	all passing-beam headlamps shall light up when the forward lighting mode is switched from driving-beam to passing-beam,

—	all passing-beam headlamps shall be extinguished simultaneously when the forward lighting mode is switched from passing-beam to driving-beam; however, the passing-beam headlamps may remain lit at the same time as the driving-beam headlamps.

2.3.2.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	optional (non-flashing green tell-tale).

2.3.2.8.   Other requirements:

—	passing-beam headlamps of which the lowest point of the light-emitting surface is 0,8 m or less above the ground shall be adjusted to an initial aiming inclination of between – 1,0 % and – 1,5 %. The precise value may be declared by the manufacturer,

—	passing-beam headlamps of which the lowest point of the light-emitting surface is between 0,8 m and 1,0 m above the ground shall be adjusted to an initial aiming of inclination between – 1,0 % and – 2,0 %. The precise value may be declared by the manufacturer,

—	passing-beam headlamps of which the lowest point of the light-emitting surface is 1,0 m or more above the ground shall be adjusted to an initial aiming inclination of between – 1,5 % and – 2,0 %. The precise value may be declared by the manufacturer,

—

for passing-beam headlamps with a light source with an objective luminous flux not exceeding 2 000 lumen and an initial inclination of between – 1,0 % and – 1,5 %, the vertical inclination shall remain between – 0,5 % and – 2,5 % under all loading conditions. The vertical inclination shall remain between – 1,0 % and – 3,0 % if the initial inclination is set between – 1,5 % and – 2,0 %. An external adjusting device may be used to satisfy the requirements, provided that no tools other than those provided with the vehicle are needed,

—

for passing-beam headlamps with a light source with an objective luminous flux exceeding 2 000 lumen and an initial inclination of between – 1,0 % and – 1,5 %, the vertical inclination shall remain between – 0,5 % and – 2,5 % under all loading conditions. The vertical inclination shall remain between – 1,0 % and – 3,0 % if the initial inclination is set between – 1,5 % and – 2,0 %. A headlamp levelling device may be used to satisfy the requirements of this point, provided that its operation is fully automatic and the response time is less than 30 seconds.

2.3.2.8.1.   Testing conditions:

—

the inclination requirements in point 2.3.2.8 shall be verified as follows: — vehicle with its mass in running order, plus the mass of any propulsion batteries, and a mass of 75 kg simulating the driver, — vehicle laden to its technically permissible maximum mass with the mass distributed so as to attain the maximum axle loads as declared by the manufacturer for this loading condition, — vehicle with a mass of 75 kg simulating the driver and additionally laden so as to attain the maximum permissible rear axle load as declared by the manufacturer; however, the front axle load shall be as low as possible in this case,

—	before any measurement is made, the vehicle shall be rocked three times and then moved backwards and forwards for at least a complete wheel revolution.

2.3.3.   Front position lamp

2.3.3.1.   Number:

—	one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm,

—	two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm.

2.3.3.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.3.3.   Position:

2.3.3.3.1.

In width: — a single independent front position lamp may be fitted above, below or to one side of another front lamp. If lamps are stacked on top of each other, the reference centre of the front position lamp shall be located within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. If they are side by side, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — a single independent front position lamp which is reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted so that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. However, when the vehicle is fitted with another front lamp alongside the front position lamp, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — two front position lamps of which either none, one or both are reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted so that their reference centres are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — where there are two front position lamps, the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm.

2.3.3.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 350 mm and a maximum of 1 200 mm above the ground.

2.3.3.3.3.

In length: — at the front of the vehicle.

2.3.3.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 15° upwards and 15° downwards; however, the downward angle may be reduced to 5° if the front position lamp is located less than 750 mm above the ground;

—	β = 80° to the left and to the right if there is only one front position lamp;

—	β = 80° outwards and 45° inwards if there are two front position lamps.

2.3.3.5.   Orientation:

—	to the front; may move in line with the steering angle of any handlebars.

2.3.3.6.   Electrical connections:

—	shall light up in compliance with point 2.1.10.

2.3.3.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	mandatory (a non-flashing green tell-tale or the vehicle’s instrument cluster illumination may be used to indicate the activation of the lamps as described in point 2.1.10).

2.3.4.   Daytime running lamp

2.3.4.1.   Number:

—	one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm,

—	two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm.

2.3.4.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.4.3.   Position:

2.3.4.3.1.

In width: — a single independent daytime running lamp may be fitted above, below or to one side of another front lamp. If lamps are stacked on top of each other, the reference centre of the daytime running lamp shall be located within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. If they are side by side, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — a single independent daytime running lamp which is reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted so that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. However, when the vehicle is fitted with another front lamp alongside the daytime running lamp, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — two daytime running lamps of which either none, one or both are reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted so that their reference centres are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — the inward edges of the light-emitting surfaces shall be at least 500 mm apart in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm.

2.3.4.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 1 500 mm above the ground.

2.3.4.3.3.

In length: — at the front of the vehicle. This requirement is considered to have been met if the light emitted disturbs the driver neither directly nor indirectly by reflection off the rear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces on the vehicle.

2.3.4.3.4.

Distance: — if the distance between the front direction indicator lamp and the daytime running lamp is 40 mm or less, the electrical connections of the daytime running lamp on the relevant side of the vehicle shall be such that either: — it is switched off, or — its luminous intensity is reduced to a level not exceeding 140 cd; during the entire period (both on and off cycle) of activation of the relevant front direction indicator lamp.

2.3.4.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 10° upwards and 10° downwards,

—	β = 20° to the left and to the right if there is only one daytime running lamp,

—	β = 20° outwards and 20° inwards if there are two daytime running lamps.

2.3.4.5.   Orientation:

—	to the front; may move in line with the steering angle of any handlebars.

2.3.4.6.   Electrical connections:

—

all daytime running lamps shall light up when the master control switch is activated; however, they may remain off under the following conditions: — the automatic transmission control is in the park position, — the parking brake is activated, or — during the time prior to the vehicle being set in motion for the first time after each manual activation of the master control switch and the vehicle’s propulsion system,

—	daytime running lamps may be manually deactivated; however, this shall be possible only at a vehicle speed not exceeding 10 km/h. The lamps shall be automatically reactivated when the vehicle speed exceeds 10 km/h or when the vehicle has travelled more than 100 m,

—

daytime running lamps shall in each case be deactivated automatically when: — the vehicle is shut down by means of the master control switch, — the front fog lamps are activated, — the headlamps are activated, except when they are used to give intermittent luminous warnings at short intervals, and — in ambient lighting conditions of less than 1 000 lux where the indicated speed on the vehicle’s speedometer is still clearly legible (e.g. when speedometer illumination is always on) and the vehicle is not fitted with a non-flashing green tell-tale in compliance with point 2.3.3.7 or a dedicated green closed-circuit tell-tale for the daytime running lamp identified by the appropriate symbol. In such a case, the passing-beam headlamps and the lighting devices required in point 2.1.12 shall be automatically activated simultaneously within 2 seconds of the ambient lighting level dropping below 1 000 lux. If the ambient lighting conditions subsequently reach a level of at least 7 000 lux, the daytime running lamps shall be automatically reactivated, while the passing-beam headlamps and the lighting devices required in point 2.1.12 shall be deactivated simultaneously within five to 300 seconds (i.e. fully automatic light switching is required if the driver has no visible indication and stimulus to activate normal lighting when it is dark).

2.3.4.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—

optional.

2.3.5.   Front fog lamp

2.3.5.1.   Number:

—	one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm,

—	two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm.

2.3.5.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.5.3.   Position:

2.3.5.3.1.

In width: — a single independent front fog lamp may be fitted above, below or to one side of another front lamp. If lamps are stacked on top of each other, the reference centre of the front fog lamp shall be located within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. If they are side by side, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — a single independent front fog lamp which is reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp shall be fitted so that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. However, when the vehicle is fitted with another front lamp alongside the front fog lamp, their reference centres shall be symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — two front fog lamps of which either none, one or both are reciprocally incorporated with another front lamp, shall be fitted so that their reference centres are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — where there are two front fog lamps, the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm.

2.3.5.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 800 mm above the ground, — no part of the light-emitting surface shall be higher than the top of the light-emitting surface of the highest placed passing-beam headlamp.

2.3.5.3.3.

In length: — at the front of the vehicle. This requirement is considered to have been met if the light emitted disturbs the driver neither directly nor indirectly by reflection off the rear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces on the vehicle.

2.3.5.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 5° upwards and 5° downwards,

—	β = 45° to the left and to the right if there is only one front fog lamp,

—	β = 45° outwards and 10° inwards if there are two front fog lamps.

2.3.5.5.   Orientation:

—	to the front; may move in line with the steering angle of any handlebars.

2.3.5.6.   Electrical connections:

—	all front fog lamps shall light up and extinguish simultaneously,

—	it shall be possible to switch the front fog lamp on and off independently of the driving-beam headlamp, the passing-beam headlamp or any combination of these headlamps.

2.3.5.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	mandatory (non-flashing green tell-tale).

2.3.6.   Direction indicator lamps

2.3.6.1.   Number:

—

four,

—	six, if two side direction indicator lamps are fitted additionally and in compliance with all relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 48 as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

2.3.6.2.   Arrangement:

—	two front direction indicator lamps of categories 11, 1, 1a or 1b and two rear direction indicator lamps of categories 12, 2a or 2b (i.e. two indicators on each side),

—

two side direction indicator lamps of categories 5 or 6 (i.e. one additional side direction indicator on each side) may be fitted in addition to the mandatory direction indicator lamps, provided that their installation meets all relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 48 as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

2.3.6.3.   Position:

2.3.6.3.1.

In width: — the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm, — the inward edges of the light-emitting surfaces of the front direction indicators shall be at least 240 mm apart in the case of vehicles with a single front wheel or in case the vehicle width does not exceed 1 000 mm, — the inward edges of the light-emitting surfaces of the front direction indicators shall be at least 500 mm apart in the case of vehicles with more than one front wheel and with a vehicle width exceeding 1 000 mm, — the inward edges of the light-emitting surfaces of the rear direction indicators shall be at least 180 mm apart in the case of vehicles with a single rear wheel or in case the vehicle width does not exceed 1 000 mm, — the inward edges of the light-emitting surfaces of the rear direction indicators shall be at least 500 mm apart in the case of vehicles with more than one rear wheel and with a vehicle width exceeding 1 000 mm, — there shall be a minimum distance between the light-emitting surface of a front direction indicator lamp and the nearest passing-beam headlamps of: — 75 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 90 cd, — 40 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 175 cd, — 20 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 250 cd, — ≤ 20 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 400 cd.

2.3.6.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 500 mm and a maximum of 1 500 mm above the ground.

2.3.6.3.3.

In length: — no specific requirements.

2.3.6.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 15° upwards and 15° downwards; however, the downward angle may be reduced to 5° if the direction indicator lamps are located less than 750 mm above the ground;

—	β = 80° outwards and 45° inwards (see Figure 9-3).

Figure 9-3

Geometric visibility of the right-hand side front and rear direction indicators

2.3.6.5.   Orientation:

—	to the front; may move in line with the steering angle of any handlebars, as well as to the rear.

2.3.6.6.   Electrical connections:

—	direction indicator lamps shall switch on independently of the other lamps. All direction indicator lamps on one side of a vehicle shall be switched on and off by means of one control.

2.3.6.7.   Operational tell-tale:

—	mandatory, this may be optical, auditory or both,

—	if it is optical, the tell-tale shall be green and of the flashing type, which in the event of defective operation of any single front or rear direction indicator lamp shall be extinguished, remain alight without flashing or show a marked change of frequency,

—	if it is entirely auditory, it shall be clearly audible and display equivalent operating conditions as the optical tell-tale.

2.3.6.8.   Other requirements:

—	the following characteristics shall be checked with no load on the electrical system other than that needed for the operation of the engine (if any), following the activation of the master control switch and the activation of lighting devices which are switched on as a result of it.

2.3.6.8.1.   Characteristics:

—	the light flashing frequency shall be 90 ± 30 times per minute,

—	the direction indicator lamps on the same side of the vehicle shall flash at the same frequency, in phase and may occur either synchronously or alternately,

—	the first flash of the lamps shall start within one second and end within one-and-a-half seconds of the control being actuated,

—

in the event of a malfunction, other than a short circuit, of a front or rear direction indicator lamp the other lamp(s) indicating the same direction shall remain lit or continue to flash; however, in such a case the flashing frequency does not have to correspond to the prescribed value in this point.

2.3.7.   Hazard warning signal

2.3.7.1.   Number:

—	in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.6.1.

2.3.7.2.   Arrangement:

—	in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.6.2.

2.3.7.3.   Position:

2.3.7.3.1.

In width: — in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.6.3.1.

2.3.7.3.2.

In height: — in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.6.3.2.

2.3.7.3.3.

In length: — in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.6.3.3.

2.3.7.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.6.4.

2.3.7.5.   Orientation:

—	in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.6.5.

2.3.7.6.   Electrical connections:

—

the hazard warning signal shall be activated by means of a separate control and shall be given by simultaneous operation of all direction indicator lamps. It shall be possible for the hazard warning signal to operate even when the master control switch has been deactivated and the vehicle’s on-board electronics system is switched off.

2.3.7.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	mandatory, if the hazard warning signal is provided (flashing red tell-tale),

—	if two separate green tell-tales have been provided for the left-hand side and right-hand side direction indicators, these tell-tales may flash simultaneously instead of the single red tell-tale.

2.3.7.8.   Other requirements:

—	the requirements of point 2.3.6.8 shall apply.

2.3.7.8.1.   Characteristics:

—	the light flashing frequency shall be 90 ± 30 times per minute,

—	all direction indicator lamps shall flash at the same frequency and in phase. Those on opposite sides of the vehicle shall flash synchronously while those on the same side of the vehicle may flash alternately,

—	the first flash shall start within one second and end within one-and-a-half seconds of the control being actuated,

—	the hazard warning signal may be automatically activated by vehicle systems such as the emergency braking signal or after a collision, and subsequently manually deactivated.

2.3.8.   Rear position lamp

2.3.8.1.   Number:

—	one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm,

—	two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm.

2.3.8.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.8.3.   Position:

2.3.8.3.1.

In width: — a single rear position lamp shall be installed on the vehicle so that the reference centre of the rear position lamp shall be located within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — two rear position lamps shall be installed on the vehicle so that the reference centres of the rear position lamps are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — in the case of vehicles with two rear wheels and an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm, the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm.

2.3.8.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 1 500 mm above the ground.

2.3.8.3.3.

In length: — at the rear of the vehicle.

2.3.8.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 15° upwards and 15° downwards, however, the downward angle may be reduced to 5° if the rear position lamp is located less than 750 mm above the ground,

—	β = 80° to the left and to the right if there is only one rear position lamp,

—	β = 80° outwards and 45° inwards if there are two rear position lamps.

2.3.8.5.   Orientation:

—	to the rear.

2.3.8.6.   Electrical connections:

—	shall light up in compliance with point 2.1.10.

2.3.8.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.3.7.

2.3.9.   Stop lamp

2.3.9.1.   Number:

—	one or two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm,

—	two, in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm,

—	an additional stop lamp of category S3 or S4 (i.e. central high mounted stop lamp) may be fitted, provided that all relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 48 applying to the installation of such stop lamps on vehicles of category M1 are met.

2.3.9.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.9.3.   Position:

2.3.9.3.1.

In width: — a single stop lamp shall be installed on the vehicle so that the reference centre of the stop lamp is located within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — two stop lamps shall be installed on the vehicle so that the reference centres of the stop lamps are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, — the inward edges of the light-emitting surfaces shall be at least 600 mm apart in the case of vehicles with two rear wheels and an overall width exceeding 1 300 mm, — the inward edges of the light-emitting surfaces shall be at least 400 mm apart in the case of vehicles with two rear wheels, an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm and two stop lamps.

2.3.9.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 1 500 mm above the ground.

2.3.9.3.3.

In length: — at the rear of the vehicle.

2.3.9.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 15° upwards and 15° downwards; however, the downward angle may be reduced to 5° if the stop lamp is located less than 750 mm above the ground,

—	β = 45° to the left and to the right if there is only one stop lamp,

—	β = 45° outwards and 10° inwards if there are two stop lamps.

2.3.9.5.   Orientation:

—	to the rear.

2.3.9.6.   Electrical connections:

—	shall light up at any service brake application.

2.3.9.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	prohibited.

2.3.9.8.   Other requirements:

—

vehicles may be fitted with an emergency stop signal as defined in point 2.28 of UNECE regulation No 48, provided that all relevant requirements of that regulation applying to such signals are met and the signal is activated and deactivated during conditions and/or decelerations as prescribed for vehicles of category M1,

—	vehicles may be fitted with a rear-end collision alert signal (RECAS) as defined in point 2.33 of UNECE regulation No 48, provided that all relevant requirements of that regulation applying to RECAS are met.

2.3.10.   Rear fog lamp

2.3.10.1.   Number:

—	one or two.

2.3.10.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.10.3.   Position:

2.3.10.3.1.

In width: — in the case of vehicles intended and equipped for right-hand traffic, a single rear fog lamp shall be fitted so that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle or to the left side thereof, — in the case of vehicles intended and equipped for left-hand traffic, a single rear fog lamp shall be fitted so that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle or to the right side thereof, — in the case of vehicles intended and equipped for both left-hand and right-hand traffic, a single rear fog lamp shall be fitted so that its reference centre lies within the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle; — in the case of vehicles intended and equipped for left-hand and/or right-hand traffic, two rear fog lamps shall be installed on the vehicle so that the reference centres of the rear fog lamps are symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

2.3.10.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 1 000 mm above the ground; however, the latter value may be raised to 1 200 mm if the rear fog lamp is grouped with another lighting device.

2.3.10.3.3.

In length: — at the rear of the vehicle.

2.3.10.3.4.

Distance: — the distance between the edge of the light-emitting surface of the rear fog lamp and that of any stop lamp shall exceed 100 mm.

2.3.10.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 5° upwards and 5° downwards,

—	β = 25° to the left and to the right.

2.3.10.5.   Orientation:

—	to the rear.

2.3.10.6.   Electrical connections:

—	all rear fog lamps shall light up and extinguish simultaneously,

—	it shall be possible to activate the rear fog lamp only when the driving-beam headlamp, the passing-beam headlamp or the front fog lamp is activated,

—	it shall be possible to switch off the rear fog lamp independently of any other lamp,

—	the rear fog lamp shall be automatically deactivated when: — the front position lamp is switched off, and — the vehicle is shut down by means of the master control switch,

—	once the rear fog lamp has been switched off or deactivated, it shall not be automatically or independently reactivated unless the control for switching it on has been manually operated.

2.3.10.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	mandatory (non-flashing yellow tell-tale).

2.3.11.   Reversing lamp

2.3.11.1.   Number:

—	one or two.

2.3.11.2.   Arrangement:

—	no specific requirements.

2.3.11.3.   Position:

2.3.11.3.1.

In width: — if there is a single reversing lamp: no specific requirements, — if there are two reversing lamps, these shall be installed on the vehicle so that the reference centres of the reversing lamps are symmetrical in relation to its longitudinal median plane.

2.3.11.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 1 200 mm above the ground.

2.3.11.3.3.

In length: — at the rear of the vehicle.

2.3.11.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 15° upwards and 5° downwards,

—	β = 45° to the left and to the right if there is only one reversing lamp,

—	β = 45° outwards and 30° inwards if there are two reversing lamps.

2.3.11.5.   Orientation:

—	to the rear.

2.3.11.6.   Electrical connections:

—	the reversing lamp shall emit light when the reversing device is engaged and the master control switch has been activated,

—	the reversing lamp shall not emit any light unless both conditions mentioned above satisfied.

2.3.11.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—

optional.

2.3.11.8.   Other requirements:

—	in the absence of prescriptions for reversing lamp lighting devices which can be type-approved for vehicles of category L, the reversing lamp shall be type-approved according to UNECE regulation No 23.

2.3.12.   Rear registration plate lamp

2.3.12.1.   Number:

—	one or more.

2.3.12.2.   Arrangement and position:

—	such that the rear registration lamp illuminates the intended space for the rear registration plate.

2.3.12.3.   Electrical connections:

—	shall light up in compliance with point 2.1.10.

2.3.12.4.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	the requirements of point 2.3.3.7 shall apply.

2.3.13.   Rear retro-reflector (non-triangular)

2.3.13.1.   Number:

—	one or two,

—	two in the case of vehicles with an overall width exceeding 1 000 mm,

—	additional rear retro-reflecting devices and materials are permitted provided that they do not impair the effectiveness of the mandatory lighting and light-signalling devices.

2.3.13.2.   Arrangement:

—	one or two rear retro-reflectors of Class IA or IB.

2.3.13.3.   Position:

2.3.13.3.1.

In width: — if there is a single rear retro-reflector, this shall be installed on the vehicle so that the reference centre of the rear retro-reflector is located within its longitudinal median plane, — if there are two rear retro-reflectors, these shall be installed on the vehicle so that the reference centres of the rear retro-reflectors are symmetrical in relation to its longitudinal median plane, — if there are two rear retro-reflectors, the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm.

2.3.13.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 900 mm above the ground.

2.3.13.3.3.

In length: — at the rear of the vehicle.

2.3.13.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 10° upwards and 10° downwards; however, the downward angle may be reduced to 5° if the rear retro-reflector is located less than 750 mm above the ground,

—	β = 30° to the left and to the right if there is only one rear retro-reflector,

—	β = 30° outwards and 30° inwards if there are two rear retro-reflectors.

2.3.13.5.   Orientation:

—	to the rear.

2.3.13.6.   Other requirements:

—	the light-emitting surface of a retro-reflector may have parts in common with any other red lamp installed at the rear of the vehicle.

2.3.14.   Side retro-reflectors (non-triangular)

2.3.14.1.   Number:

—	one or two on each side.

2.3.14.2.   Arrangement:

—	a side retro-reflector of Class IA or IB shall be fitted within the first third and/or the last third of the vehicle’s overall length,

—	additional side retro-reflective devices and materials are permitted, provided that they do not impair the effectiveness of the mandatory lighting and light-signalling devices.

2.3.14.3.   Position:

2.3.14.3.1.

In width: — no specific requirements.

2.3.14.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 900 mm above the ground; however, the latter value may be raised to 1 200 mm if the side retro-reflector is grouped with another lighting device.

2.3.14.3.3.

In length: — no specific requirements.

2.3.14.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 10° upwards and 10° downwards; however, the downward angle may be reduced to 5° if the side retro-reflector is located less than 750 mm above the ground,

—	β = 45° to the front and to the rear.

2.3.14.5.   Orientation:

—	to the side.

2.3.15.   Side marker lamp

2.3.15.1.   Number:

—	one or two on each side.

2.3.15.2.   Arrangement:

—	a side marker lamp of Class SM1 or SM2 may be fitted within the first third and/or the last third of the vehicle’s overall length.

2.3.15.3.   Position:

2.3.15.3.1.

In width: — no specific requirements.

2.3.15.3.2.

In height: — a minimum of 250 mm and a maximum of 1 500 mm above the ground.

2.3.15.3.3.

In length: — no specific requirements.

2.3.15.4.   Geometric visibility:

—	α = 10° upwards and 10° downwards; however, the downward angle may be reduced to 5° if the side retro-reflector is located less than 750 mm above the ground;

—	β = 30° to the front and to the rear.

2.3.15.5.   Orientation:

—	to the side.

2.3.15.6.   Electrical connections:

—	shall light up together with the lighting devices referred to in point 2.1.10,

—	may be such that the side marker lamps flash at the same frequency, in phase and either synchronously or alternately with the direction indicator lamps installed on the same side of the vehicle.

2.3.15.7.   Closed-circuit tell-tale:

—	in accordance with the requirements of point 2.3.3.7.

2.3.15.8.   Other requirements:

—	in the absence of prescriptions for side marker lamp lighting devices which can be type-approved for vehicles of category L, the lamps shall be type-approved according to UNECE regulation No 91.

2.4.   As an alternative to the requirements in points 2 to 2.3.15.8, vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e may comply with all relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 48 as prescribed for vehicle category M1.

In this case, specific requirements of UNECE regulation No 48 shall not be substituted or waived on the basis of differences in, or an absence of, specific provisions in this Annex (e.g. installation of headlamp cleaning devices, manual headlamp levelling device).

2.5.   Bearing in mind the variety of forms of construction of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e vehicles, the vehicle manufacturer may in agreement with the technical service and approval authority choose to apply all relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 53, as prescribed for vehicles of category L3e, as an alternative to the requirements as laid down in points 2 to 2.3.15.8. In this case, specific requirements of UNECE regulation No 53 shall not be substituted or waived on the basis of differences in, or an absence of, specific provisions in this Annex and it shall be accepted only in case of vehicles with an overall width not exceeding 1 300 mm which tend to lean while cornering (e.g. for a type of vehicle which has the overall appearance of a motorcycle, but which is equipped with three wheels classifying it as an L5e category vehicle).

3.   Requirements concerning vehicles of category L4e.

3.1.   If the side-car can be detached from the motorcycle so that the motorcycle can be used without it, the motorcycle shall fulfil the requirements for solo motorcycles in point 1.3 in addition to those in points 3.2 to 3.2.8.1 below. The requirements of point 1.9 may also be taken into account.

3.1.1.   In this case, it shall be possible to electrically disconnect the direction indicator lamps mounted on the motorcycle and placed between the motorcycle and the side-car.

3.2.   When the side-car is connected to the motorcycle, either permanently or in a detachable way, the motorcycle with side-car shall fulfil all the relevant requirements of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e and the additional provisions below.

3.2.1.   Front position lamps

3.2.1.1.   Number:

—	two or three;

—	the side-car shall be equipped with one front position lamp;

—	the motorcycle shall be equipped with one front position lamp; however, it may be equipped with two front position lamps, provided that these are fitted in accordance with the relevant provisions of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo motorcycle).

3.2.1.2.   Position:

—

the position shall be as specified in UNECE regulation No 53 for vehicle category L3e, except as follows: 3.2.1.2.1. In width: — the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit value does not apply to a second front position lamp fitted to the motorcycle).

3.2.1.3.   Geometric visibility:

—	the front position lamps on the side-car and motorcycle may be considered as a pair.

3.2.1.4.   In all remaining respects, front position lamps shall comply with the requirements of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.

3.2.2.   Daytime running lamps

3.2.2.1.   Number:

—	two or three,

—	the side-car may be equipped with one daytime running lamp,

—	the motorcycle may be equipped with one daytime running lamp; however, it may be equipped with two daytime running lamps, provided that these are fitted in accordance with the relevant provisions of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo motorcycle).

3.2.2.2.   Position:

—

the position shall be as specified in UNECE regulation No 53 for vehicle category L3e, except as follows: 3.2.2.2.1. In width: — the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit value does not apply to a second daytime running lamp fitted to the motorcycle).

3.2.2.3.   Geometric visibility:

—	the daytime running lamps on the side-car and motorcycle may be considered as a pair.

3.2.2.4.   In all remaining respects, daytime running lamps shall comply with the requirements of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.

3.2.3.   Direction indicator lamps

3.2.3.1.   Position:

—

the position shall be as specified in UNECE regulation No 53 for vehicle category L3e, except as follows: 3.2.3.1.1. In width (concerning all electrically connected direction indicator lamps): — the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm, — the inward edges of the light-emitting surfaces shall be at least 600 mm apart, — there shall be a minimum distance between the light-emitting surface of a front direction indicator lamp and the nearest passing-beam headlamps of: — 75 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 90 cd, — 40 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 175 cd, — 20 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 250 cd, — ≤ 20 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 400 cd, — both front direction indicator lamps shall have a comparable level of photometric performance, as shall both rear direction indicator lamps. 3.2.3.1.2. In length (this point applies only to the side of the side-car): — the front direction indicator lamp shall be located on the front half of the side-car and the rear direction indicator lamp shall be located on the rear half.

3.2.3.2.   Geometric visibility:

—	the horizontal angles are clarified as follows: see Figure 9-4. Figure 9-4 Direction indicator lamp arrangement

3.2.3.3.   In all remaining respects, direction indicator lamps shall comply with the requirements of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.

3.2.4.   Hazard warning signal

3.2.4.1.   The hazard warning signal shall be given by simultaneous operation of all direction indicator lamps, as referred to in points 3.1 to 3.2 and 3.2.3 to 3.2.3.3.

3.2.5.   Rear position lamps

3.2.5.1.   Number:

—	two or three,

—	the side-car shall be equipped with one rear position lamp,

—	the motorcycle shall be equipped with one rear position lamp; however, it may be equipped with two rear position lamps provided that these are fitted in accordance with the relevant provisions of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo motorcycle).

3.2.5.2.   Position:

—

the position shall be as specified in UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e, except as follows: 3.2.5.2.1. In width: — the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit value does not apply to a second rear position lamp fitted to the motorcycle).

3.2.5.3.   Geometric visibility:

—	the rear position lamps on the side-car and motorcycle may be considered as a pair.

3.2.5.4.   In all remaining respects, rear position lamps shall comply with the requirements of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.

3.2.6.   Stop lamps

3.2.6.1.   Number:

—	two or three;

—	the side-car shall be equipped with one stop lamp;

—	the motorcycle shall be equipped with one stop lamp; however, it may be equipped with two stop lamps provided that these are fitted in accordance with the relevant provisions of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo motorcycle).

3.2.6.2.   Position:

—

the position shall be as specified in UNECE regulation No 53 for vehicle category L3e, except as follows: 3.2.6.2.1. In width: — the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit value does not apply to a second stop lamp fitted to the motorcycle).

3.2.6.3.   Geometric visibility:

—	the stop lamps on the side-car and motorcycle may be considered as a pair.

3.2.6.4.   In all remaining respects, stop lamps shall comply with the requirements of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.

3.2.7.   Rear retro-reflector (non-triangular)

3.2.7.1.   Number:

—	two or three;

—	the side-car shall be equipped with one rear retro-reflector;

—	the motorcycle shall be equipped with one rear retro-reflector, or two, provided that these are fitted in accordance with the relevant provisions of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo motorcycle);

—	additional rear retro-reflecting devices and materials are permitted provided that they do not impair the effectiveness of the mandatory lighting and light-signalling devices.

3.2.7.2.   Position:

—

the position shall be as specified in UNECE regulation No 53 for vehicle category L3e, except as follows: 3.2.7.2.1. In width: — the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light-emitting surfaces and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit value does not apply to a second rear retro-reflector fitted to the motorcycle or any additional rear retro-reflecting devices and materials fitted to the vehicle).

3.2.7.3.   Geometric visibility:

—	the rear retro-reflectors on the side-car and motorcycle may be considered as a pair.

3.2.7.4.   In all remaining respects, rear retro-reflectors shall comply with the requirements of UNECE regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.

3.2.8.   Visibility of a red light towards the rear and a white light towards the front.

3.2.8.1.   Zone 1 and Zone 2, as referred to in UNECE regulation No 53, are applied as follows: see Figures 9-5 and 9-6.

Figure 9-5

Direct visibility towards the front of the light-emitting surface of a lamp emitting red light

Figure 9-6

Direct visibility towards the rear of the light-emitting surface of a lamp emitting white light

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(1)  OJ L 166, 18.6.2013, p. 88.

(2)  OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 46.