| |
| EUROPEAN COMMISSION | EVROPSKA KOMISIJA |
| Brussels, 6.12.2023 | Strasbourg, 6.12.2023 |
| COM(2023) 931 final | COM(2023) 931 final |
| REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS | POROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ |
| UNDER ARTICLE 25 TFEU On progress towards effective EU citizenship 2020-2023 | V SKLADU S ČLENOM 25 PDEU o napredku na področju dejanskega uveljavljanja državljanstva EU 2020–2023 |
| Table of Contents | Kazalo |
| 1. Introduction | 1. Uvod |
| 2. Citizenship Package | 2. Sveženj o državljanstvu |
| 3. Citizenship of the Union (Article 20(1) TFEU) | 3. Državljanstvo Unije (člen 20(1) PDEU) |
| 3.1. Introduction | 3.1. Uvod |
| 3.2. Policy developments | 3.2. Novosti na področju politike |
| 3.2.1. Enhancing EU citizenship rights | 3.2.1. Krepitev pravic iz državljanstva EU |
| 3.2.2. Investor citizenship schemes | 3.2.2. Sheme državljanstva za vlagatelje |
| 3.3. Case law developments | 3.3. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| 4. Non-discrimination on grounds of nationality (Article 18 TFEU) | 4. Prepoved diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo (člen 18 PDEU) |
| 4.1. Introduction | 4.1. Uvod |
| 4.2. Case law developments | 4.2. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| 5. Combating discrimination on the basis of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation (Article 19 TFEU) | 5. Boj proti diskriminaciji na podlagi spola, rase ali narodnosti, vere ali prepričanja, invalidnosti, starosti ali spolne usmerjenosti (člen 19 PDEU) |
| 5.1. Introduction and policy developments | 5.1. Uvod in novosti na področju politike |
| 5.2. Case law developments | 5.2. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| 6. Right to move and reside freely in the territory of the Member States (Articles 20(2) and 21 TFEU) | 6. Pravica do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic (člen 20(2) in člen 21 PDEU) |
| 6.1. Introduction | 6.1. Uvod |
| 6.2. Policy developments | 6.2. Novosti na področju politike |
| 6.2.1. Facilitating free movement | 6.2.1. Lajšanje prostega gibanja |
| 6.2.2. Developments on identity cards and residence documents | 6.2.2. Novosti na področju osebnih izkaznic in dokumentov za prebivanje |
| 6.2.3. Free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic | 6.2.3. Prosto gibanje med pandemijo COVID-19 |
| 6.3. Case law developments | 6.3. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| 7. Right to vote and stand as a candidate in municipal elections and elections to the European Parliament (Articles 20(2)(b) and 22 TFEU) | 7. Pravica voliti in biti voljen na občinskih volitvah in volitvah v Evropski parlament (člen 20(2), točka (b), in člen 22 PDEU) |
| 7.1. Introduction | 7.1. Uvod |
| 7.2. Policy developments | 7.2. Novosti na področju politike |
| 7.2.1. Right to vote and stand as a candidate in municipal and elections to the European Parliament | 7.2.1. Pravica voliti in biti voljen na občinskih volitvah in volitvah v Evropski parlament |
| 7.2.2. Empowering democratic participation | 7.2.2. Spodbujanje demokratične udeležbe |
| 7.3. Case law developments | 7.3. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| 8. Right to protection by diplomatic or consular authorities (Articles 20(2)(c) and 23 TFEU) | 8. Pravica do zaščite diplomatskih ali konzularnih organov (člen 20(2), točka (c), in člen 23 PDEU) |
| 8.1. Introduction | 8.1. Uvod |
| 8.2. Policy developments | 8.2. Novosti na področju politike |
| 8.3. Case law developments | 8.3. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| 9. Right to petition the European Parliament and to address the European Ombudsman (Articles 20(2)(d) and 24(2), (3) and (4) TFEU) | 9. Pravica državljanov Unije, da na Evropski parlament naslovijo peticije in se obrnejo na evropskega varuha človekovih pravic (člen 20(2), točka (d), ter člen 24(2), (3) in (4) PDEU) |
| 9.1. Introduction | 9.1. Uvod |
| 9.2. Right to petition the European Parliament | 9.2. Pravica naslavljanja peticij na Evropski parlament |
| 9.3. Right to address the European Ombudsman | 9.3. Pravica državljanov Unije, da se obrnejo na evropskega varuha človekovih pravic |
| 9.4. Case law developments | 9.4. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| 10. European Citizens’ Initiative (Article 24 TFEU; Article 11(4) TEU) | 10. Evropska državljanska pobuda (člen 24 PDEU in člen 11(4) PEU) |
| 10.1. Introduction | 10.1. Uvod |
| 10.2. Policy developments | 10.2. Novosti na področju politike |
| 10.3. Case law developments | 10.3. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| 11. Conclusions | 11. Sklepne ugotovitve |
| 1.Introduction | 1.Uvod |
| 2023 marks the 30th anniversary of the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, which established citizenship of the European Union (‘EU citizenship’). This report, produced on the basis of Article 25 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 1 , forms part of a package of measures on EU citizenship intended to build on and reinforce the rights flowing from that status as provided for in the Treaty. | Leta 2023 je minilo 30 let od začetka veljavnosti Maastrichtske pogodbe, s katero je bilo uvedeno državljanstvo Evropske unije (v nadaljnjem besedilu: državljanstvo EU). To poročilo, pripravljeno na podlagi člena 25 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije (PDEU) 1 , je del svežnja ukrepov v zvezi z državljanstvom EU, namenjenih nadgradnji in okrepitvi pravic, ki izhajajo iz državljanstva EU, kot je določeno v Pogodbi. |
| In a 2023 Flash Eurobarometer survey on citizenship and democracy 2 : | V raziskavi Flash Eurobarometer o državljanstvu in demokraciji iz leta 2023 2 : |
| ·almost 9 out of 10 respondents (87%) agreed they felt like citizens of the European Union, with more than 6 out of 10 (63%) totally agreeing; | ·se je skoraj devet od desetih vprašanih (87 %) strinjalo s trditvijo, da se počutijo kot državljani Evropske unije, več kot šest od desetih (63 %) pa se je s to trditvijo popolnoma strinjalo; |
| ·the proportion of respondents who felt they were European Union citizens was at least 80% in all Members States; | ·delež vprašanih, ki so navedli, da se počutijo kot državljani Evropske unije, je bil v vseh državah članicah vsaj 80-odstoten; |
| ·two thirds (66%) of respondents had heard of the term ‘citizen of the European Union’ and knew what it meant; 25% had heard of the term but were unsure what it meant, and 9% had not heard of the term at all; | ·dve tretjini (66 %) vprašanih je navedlo, da so že slišali za izraz „državljan Evropske unije“ in da vedo, kaj pomeni; 25 % vprašanih je navedlo, da so že slišali za ta izraz, vendar da niso prepričani, kaj pomeni, 9 % vprašanih pa je navedlo, da za ta izraz še niso slišali; |
| ·half of respondents (50%) said they felt well informed about their rights as a citizen of the European Union, a third (33%) did not feel very well informed and 16% did not feel at all informed. | ·polovica vprašanih (50 %) je navedla, da se počutijo dobro obveščene o svojih pravicah, ki jih imajo kot državljani Evropske unije, tretjina vprašanih (33 %) je navedla, da se ne počutijo dobro obveščene, 16 % pa, da se sploh ne počutijo obveščene. |
| Clear and comprehensive reporting is therefore important so that citizens of the European Union (‘EU citizens’) are better informed about their rights, to understand where progress has been made and where potential implementation gaps remain. | Jasno in izčrpno poročanje je torej pomembno za zagotovitev, da so državljani Evropske unije (v nadaljnjem besedilu: državljani EU) bolje obveščeni o svojih pravicah in da vedo, na katerih področjih je bil dosežen napredek in na katerih področjih so še vedno prisotne morebitne vrzeli pri izvajanju. |
| This report, the tenth report presented pursuant to Article 25 TFEU, covers all relevant developments since the previous progress report 3 . It first explains how this report forms part of a broader Citizenship Package. It then reviews the provisions on: | To je deseto poročilo, ki je predloženo v skladu s členom 25 PDEU in zajema vse pomembne novosti od prejšnjega poročila o napredku 3 . V tem poročilu je najprej pojasnjeno, da je poročilo del širšega svežnja o državljanstvu. Nato sledi pregled določb o: |
| ·EU citizenship; | ·državljanstvu EU; |
| ·non-discrimination; | ·nediskriminaciji; |
| ·the right to free movement and residence in the territory of the Member States; | ·pravici do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic; |
| ·the right to vote and stand as a candidate at municipal elections and elections to the European Parliament in the Member State of residence; | ·pravici voliti in biti voljen na občinskih volitvah in volitvah v Evropski parlament v državi članici prebivališča; |
| ·the right to consular protection; | ·pravici do konzularne zaščite; |
| ·the right to petition the European Parliament; | ·pravici naslavljanja peticij na Evropski parlament; |
| ·the right to take complaints to the Ombudsman; and | ·pravici do predložitve pritožb evropskemu varuhu človekovih pravic in |
| ·the European Citizens’ Initiative. | ·evropski državljanski pobudi. |
| The report takes stock of policy initiatives since 2020 by outlining the measures undertaken at EU level to strengthen and promote EU citizenship rights, common values and democratic participation. It draws on the issues that citizens and other stakeholders raised in their letters, complaints and during meetings with the Commission as well as on the feedback received on the Commission’s Have Your Say Portal 4 . | Poročilo vsebuje pregled pobud politike od leta 2020, pri čemer so opisani ukrepi, ki so bili na ravni EU sprejeti za krepitev in spodbujanje pravic iz državljanstva EU, skupnih vrednot in demokratične udeležbe. Temelji na vprašanjih, ki so jih državljani in drugi deležniki izpostavili v svojih dopisih in pritožbah ter na srečanjih s Komisijo, pa tudi na povratnih informacijah, prejetih prek portala Komisije Povejte svoje mnenje 4 . |
| An overview of the progress of the implementation of the specific priority actions announced in the ‘EU Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication 5 for 2020-2022 can be found in Annex I. | Pregled napredka, doseženega v obdobju 2020–2022 pri izvajanju posebnih prednostnih ukrepov, napovedanih v poročilu o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 5 , je na voljo v Prilogi I. |
| The report also sets out the main legal developments, including the most relevant judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (the ‘Court’) in this area. An overview of all relevant case law of the Court can be found in Annex II. | V poročilu so predstavljene tudi glavne pravne novosti, vključno z najpomembnejšimi sodbami Sodišča Evropske unije (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Sodišče) na tem področju. Pregled vse upoštevne sodne prakse Sodišča je na voljo v Prilogi II. |
| 2.Citizenship Package | 2.Sveženj o državljanstvu |
| Strengthening EU citizenship rights reflects the commitments made in the European Commission President’s guidelines for the 2019-2024 Commission 6 , in particular the commitment to strive for more in nurturing, protecting and strengthening our democracy. Since 2020, the Commission has put forward several new measures to advance EU citizenship rights, which are outlined in this report. | Krepitev pravic iz državljanstva EU odraža zaveze iz Političnih usmeritev naslednje Evropske komisije za obdobje 2019–2024 6 , zlasti zavezo k večjim prizadevanjem za spodbujanje, varovanje in krepitev naše demokracije. Komisija je od leta 2020 predlagala več novih ukrepov za spodbujanje pravic iz državljanstva EU, ki so opisani v tem poročilu. |
| The 30th anniversary of EU citizenship is a reminder of the importance of the rights it entails. The Commission is therefore presenting a Citizenship Package, intended to further advance EU citizenship rights and to make them more tangible for EU citizens. In addition to this report, this Package includes the following measures: | 30. obletnica državljanstva EU služi kot opomnik glede pomena pravic, ki jih to državljanstvo prinaša. Komisija zato predstavlja sveženj o državljanstvu, katerega namen je še naprej spodbujati pravice iz državljanstva EU in povečati njihovo prepoznavnost med državljani. Navedeni sveženj poleg tega poročila vključuje naslednje ukrepe: |
| ·a revision of the Consular Protection Directive; | ·revizijo direktive o konzularni zaščiti; |
| ·an update of the 2009 guidance on free movement; | ·posodobitev smernic o prostem gibanju iz leta 2009; |
| ·a Guide to EU citizenship; | ·vodnik po državljanstvu EU; |
| ·a Guide of good electoral practices for citizens with disabilities; and | ·vodnik o dobri volilni praksi v zvezi z udeležbo invalidov ter |
| ·a Compendium of e-voting and other ICT practices. | ·Priročnik o praksah e-glasovanja in drugih praksah IKT. |
| As announced in the ‘Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication, the Commission is adopting a proposal to amend the Consular Protection Directive 7 to strengthen the right of EU citizens to consular protection, especially in crisis situations 8 . This proposal draws on recent experiences, such as the repatriations during the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, and the evacuation of EU citizens from Afghanistan, Sudan, and recently from Israel and Gaza. The proposed changes seek to ensure that EU citizens continue to benefit from EU solidarity when they need help in a country outside the EU where their EU country of nationality does not have a consulate or embassy, for example due to an accident, serious illness, being victim of a crime or loss of travel documents. The Commission also proposes to improve the preparedness and capacity to respond to crises situations, in particular by making best use of the EU’s global network of EU delegations. | Komisija je v skladu z napovedjo iz poročila o državljanstvu za leto 2020 sprejela predlog o spremembi direktive o konzularni zaščiti 7 , da bi okrepila pravico državljanov EU do konzularne zaščite, zlasti v kriznih razmerah 8 . Navedeni predlog temelji na nedavnih izkušnjah, kot so repatriacije med pandemijo COVID-19, ruska vojna agresija proti Ukrajini in evakuacija državljanov EU iz Afganistana in Sudana ter nedavno iz Izraela in Gaze. Namen predlaganih sprememb je zagotoviti, da bodo državljani EU še naprej deležni solidarnosti EU, če na primer zaradi nesreče, hude bolezni, kaznivega dejanja ali izgube potnih listin potrebujejo pomoč v državi zunaj EU, v kateri njihova država državljanstva nima konzulata ali veleposlaništva. Komisija predlaga tudi izboljšanje pripravljenosti in zmogljivosti za odzivanje na krizne razmere, zlasti s čim boljšo uporabo svetovne mreže delegacij EU. |
| The Commission is updating its 2009 Communication on guidance for better transposition and application of Directive 2004/38/EC (‘Free Movement Directive’) 9 . With this review, the Commission aims to facilitate the correct application of free movement legislation across the EU by integrating the relevant case law of the Court handed down since 2009 and providing clarifications on specific issues faced by citizens and national administrations. The updated guidance takes into account the diversity of families and therefore helps all members (including children) of all families (including rainbow families 10 ) to exercise their right to free movement in practice, in line with the case law of the Court (see also Section 6.2.1). | Komisija je posodobila svoje sporočilo iz leta 2009 o smernicah za boljši prenos in učinkovitejšo uporabo Direktive 2004/38/ES (v nadaljnjem besedilu: direktiva o prostem gibanju) 9 . S tem pregledom želi olajšati pravilno uporabo zakonodaje o prostem gibanju po vsej EU z vključitvijo upoštevne sodne prakse Sodišča, sprejete od leta 2009, in zagotovitvijo pojasnil v zvezi s specifičnimi vprašanji, s katerimi se srečujejo državljani in nacionalne uprave. V posodobljenih smernicah se upošteva raznolikost družin, kar vsem članom (vključno z otroki) vseh družin (vključno z mavričnimi družinami 10 ) pomaga pri tem, da v praksi uveljavljajo svojo pravico do prostega gibanja v skladu s sodno prakso Sodišča (glej tudi oddelek 6.2.1). |
| In its Communication on the follow-up to the Conference on the Future of Europe 11 , the Commission committed to delivering on the Conference proposals within the framework of its competence and in accordance with the Treaties. It indicated it would consider new areas of action in the field of European democracy, in particular ‘making European citizenship more tangible to citizens, including by reinforcing the rights attached to it and by providing reliable and easily accessible information about it’. | Komisija se je v sporočilu o nadaljnjem ukrepanju po Konferenci o prihodnosti Evrope 11 zavezala, da bo v okviru svojih pristojnosti in v skladu s Pogodbama uresničevala predloge Konference. Navedla je, da bo proučila nova področja ukrepanja v zvezi z evropsko demokracijo, zlasti „povečanje prepoznavnosti evropskega državljanstva med državljani in državljankami, vključno s krepitvijo z njim povezanih pravic ter zagotavljanjem zanesljivih in lahko dostopnih informacij o njem“. |
| The Commission is therefore presenting a ‘Guide to EU citizenship’ to further advance awareness of EU citizenship amongst young EU citizens (who start being democratically engaged) and for new EU citizens (e.g. those who are naturalised). The guide will help to familiarise them in an attractive and easy-to-understand way with the history, values, rights and responsibilities that underpin their status as EU citizens. It will also illustrate the benefits of EU citizenship and the opportunities it offers for democratic engagement. Throughout the guide, the respect of Union of values is highlighted, with a focus on fundamental rights, democracy and the rule of law. This will help make EU citizenship rights more tangible for EU citizens. | Komisija je zato predstavila vodnik po državljanstvu EU, da bi še bolj povečala ozaveščenost o državljanstvu EU med mladimi državljani EU (ki se začenjajo demokratično udejstvovati) in novimi državljani EU (na primer naturaliziranimi posamezniki). Priročnik bo navedenim osebam omogočil, da na privlačen in razumljiv način spoznajo zgodovino, vrednote, pravice in odgovornosti, na katerih temelji njihov status državljanov EU. V njem bodo predstavljene tudi prednosti državljanstva EU in priložnosti, ki jih državljanstvo EU ponuja v smislu demokratičnega udejstvovanja. V celotnem priročniku je poudarjeno spoštovanje vrednot Unije, pri čemer so v središču temeljne pravice, demokracija in pravna država. To bo pripomoglo k povečanju prepoznavnosti državljanstva EU med državljani EU. |
| Participation in elections is an essential component of a vibrant democracy. This goes beyond the right to vote and includes the possibility to stand as a candidate, to join a political party, to join the electoral process as an election official or election observer, and to access electoral information to support free and fair expression of electoral preferences. All citizens should be able to participate effectively in the political life in the European Union. | Udeležba na volitvah je bistvena sestavina živahne demokracije. Ta pravica presega pravico voliti in vključuje možnost kandidiranja na volitvah, pridružitve politični stranki, sodelovanja v volilnem procesu v vlogi volilnega uradnika ali opazovalca volitev ter dostopa do informacij o volitvah v podporo svobodnemu in poštenemu izražanju volilnih preferenc. Vsi državljani bi morali imeti možnost učinkovitega sodelovanja v političnem življenju v Evropski uniji. |
| As announced in the Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030, the Commission is publishing a ‘Guide of good electoral practices in Member States addressing participation of citizens with disabilities in the electoral process’. It was prepared in close cooperation with Member States in the framework of the European Cooperation Network on Elections, and by consulting different stakeholders active in the field of rights for persons with disabilities. The guide reflects the various measures taken by Member States to address the obstacles faced by citizens with disabilities when interacting with the electoral environment and to ensure the effectiveness of their electoral rights. It also highlights the emergence of common references on delivering accessible elections. | Komisija je v skladu z napovedjo iz strategije o pravicah invalidov za obdobje 2021–2030 objavila Priročnik dobrih volilnih praks o udeležbi invalidov v volilnem procesu v državah članicah. Priročnik je bil pripravljen v tesnem sodelovanju z državami članicami v okviru evropske mreže za volilno sodelovanje in na podlagi posvetovanja z različnimi deležniki, dejavnimi na področju pravic invalidov. V priročniku se upoštevajo različni ukrepi, ki so jih države članice sprejele za odpravo ovir, s katerimi se v volilnem okolju srečujejo invalidi, in za zagotovitev dejanskega uveljavljanja njihovih volilnih pravic. V njem je poleg tega poudarjen pojav skupnih referenc v zvezi z zagotavljanjem dostopnih volitev. |
| In addition, as part of the measures announced in the European Democracy Action Plan, the Commission has also developed a Compendium of e-voting and other Information and communication technology practices in cooperation with Member States and the Council of Europe. The Compendium also seeks to address the needs of persons with disabilities, fostering election accessibility. | Komisija je v okviru ukrepov, napovedanih v akcijskem načrtu za evropsko demokracijo, v sodelovanju z državami članicami in Svetom Evrope pripravila tudi Priročnik o praksah e-glasovanja in drugih praksah informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije. Tudi ta priročnik je namenjen obravnavi potreb invalidov in spodbujanju dostopnost volitev. |
| These actions should be seen as complementary to other initiatives, such as the European Democracy Action Plan, but also the forthcoming ‘Defence of Democracy’ Package. | Te ukrepe bi bilo treba obravnavati kot ukrepe, ki dopolnjujejo druge pobude, kot sta akcijski načrt za evropsko demokracijo in prihodnji sveženj za obrambo demokracije. |
| This is particularly important in view of the upcoming elections to the European Parliament in June 2024. Empowering EU citizens and ensuring inclusive democracies and equal opportunities in elections is essential for the Commission, whose democratic legitimacy is based among others on being responsible to the European Parliament elected by EU citizens, under Article 17(8) of the Treaty on European Union. The democratic and electoral rights of all EU citizens must be respected and implemented properly. | To je še posebej pomembno zaradi bližajočih se volitev v Evropski parlament, ki bodo potekale junija 2024. Opolnomočenje državljanov EU ter zagotavljanje vključujoče demokracije in enakih možnosti na volitvah je bistvenega pomena za Komisijo, katere demokratična legitimnost med drugim temelji na tem, da je v skladu s členom 17(8) Pogodbe o Evropski uniji odgovorna Evropskemu parlamentu, ki ga izvolijo državljani EU. Demokratične in volilne pravice vseh državljanov EU je treba spoštovati in ustrezno uveljavljati. |
| 3.Citizenship of the Union (Article 20(1) TFEU) | 3.Državljanstvo Unije (člen 20(1) PDEU) |
| 3.1.Introduction | 3.1.Uvod |
| Article 20 TFEU provides that any person who is a national of a Member State is also an EU citizen. EU citizenship is additional to and does not replace national citizenship 12 . | V skladu s členom 20 PDEU so vse osebe z državljanstvom ene od držav članic tudi državljani EU. Državljanstvo EU dopolnjuje nacionalno državljanstvo in ga ne nadomešča 12 . |
| As mentioned in the introduction, the overwhelming majority of citizens feel like citizens of the EU. The 2023 Eurobarometer on citizenship and democracy also shows that 93% of respondents know that they are simultaneously EU citizens and citizens of their country of residence. Somewhat smaller majorities are aware that citizens of Member States do not need to apply to become EU citizens (74%) and that they cannot opt out of being EU citizens (67%). Yet, almost two thirds of respondents (64%) do not feel well-informed about what to do if their rights as an EU citizen are not respected. Meanwhile, just over a third (35%) feel either fairly well-informed (31%) or very well-informed (4%). | Kot je omenjeno v uvodu, se državljani v veliki večini počutijo kot državljani EU. Iz raziskave Eurobarometer o državljanstvu in demokraciji iz leta 2023 poleg tega izhaja, da 93 % vprašanih ve, da so tako državljani EU kot državljani države, v kateri prebivajo. Nekoliko manjša večina ve, da državljanom držav članic za državljanstvo EU ni treba zaprositi (74 %) in da se državljanstvu EU ni mogoče odreči (67 %). Skoraj dve tretjini vprašanih (64 %) pa meni, da niso dobro obveščeni o tem, kaj storiti, če se pravice, ki jih imajo kot državljani EU, ne spoštujejo. Nekaj več kot tretjina vprašanih (35 %) meni, da so precej dobro (31 %) oziroma zelo dobro obveščeni (4 %). |
| In 2023, the European Parliament published a study on EU citizens living in the United Kingdom, to investigate their attitudes regarding the EU and EU citizenship 13 . The results showed that EU citizens living in the UK are on average more interested in and more positive about the EU than the general EU population. This positive view is also mirrored by a strong feeling of EU citizenship, as 83% of respondents say that they consider themselves EU citizens. | Evropski parlament je leta 2023 objavil študijo o državljanih EU, ki živijo v Združenem kraljestvu, da bi raziskal njihov odnos do EU in državljanstva EU 13 . Rezultati so pokazali, da imajo državljani EU, ki živijo v Združenem kraljestvu, v povprečju večje zanimanje za EU in da so EU bolj naklonjeni kot splošna populacija EU. Ta pozitiven odnos se odraža tudi v močnem občutku državljanstva EU, saj je 83 % vprašanih navedlo, da se štejejo za državljane EU. |
| During the reporting period, the Commission dealt with 109 complaints and more than 70 letters/individual queries relating to EU citizenship. These complaints were, for example, about dual citizenship or processing times for citizenship applications. 37 of the complaints were about the impact of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement on citizenship rights (see also Section 6.2.1). The Commission also dealt with 10 questions and three petitions from the European Parliament on EU citizenship, mainly on ‘investor citizenship schemes’ (see also Section 3.2.2). | Komisija je v obdobju poročanja obravnavala 109 pritožb in več kot 70 dopisov/posameznih poizvedb v zvezi z državljanstvom EU. Te pritožbe so se na primer nanašale na dvojno državljanstvo ali čas obravnave prošenj za pridobitev državljanstva. 37 pritožb se je nanašalo na vpliv sporazuma o izstopu Združenega kraljestva iz EU na državljanske pravice (glej tudi oddelek 6.2.1). Komisija je obravnavala tudi deset vprašanj in tri peticije Evropskega parlamenta o državljanstvu EU, zlasti v zvezi s shemami državljanstva za vlagatelje (glej tudi oddelek 3.2.2). |
| EU citizens can also send enquiries to the Commission’s Europe Direct Contact Centre (EDCC) 14 , which provides general information on the EU and advice on EU citizens’ rights. Between 2021 and 2023, the EDCC replied to 646 enquiries on EU citizenship 15 . | Državljani EU se lahko s poizvedbami obrnejo tudi na kontaktni center Komisije Europe Direct 14 , ki zagotavlja splošne informacije o EU in nasvete glede pravic državljanov EU. Med letoma 2021 in 2023 je kontaktni center Europe Direct odgovoril na 646 poizvedb o državljanstvu EU 15 . |
| 3.2.Policy developments | 3.2.Novosti na področju politike |
| 3.2.1.Enhancing EU citizenship rights | 3.2.1.Krepitev pravic iz državljanstva EU |
| In February 2019, the European Parliament adopted a ‘Resolution on the implementation of Treaty provisions related to EU citizenship’, in which it recommended further enhancing EU citizens’ awareness of their rights and further consolidating citizen-specific rights and freedoms. In May 2022, the final Report on the Conference on the Future of Europe (see also Section 7.2.2) also suggested several actions in the field of citizenship rights, including making ‘European values tangible for EU citizens’ and strengthening the European citizenship through a ‘European citizenship statute’ 16 . | Februarja 2019 je Evropski parlament sprejel resolucijo o izvajanju določb Pogodbe glede državljanstva EU, v kateri je priporočil nadaljnje izboljšanje ozaveščenosti državljanov EU o njihovih pravicah ter nadaljnje utrjevanje državljanskih pravic in svoboščin. V končnem poročilu o Konferenci o prihodnosti Evrope (glej tudi oddelek 7.2.2), objavljenem maja 2022, je bilo predlaganih tudi več ukrepov na področju državljanskih pravic, vključno s konkretizacijo evropskih vrednot za državljane EU in krepitvijo evropskega državljanstva na podlagi statuta o evropskem državljanstvu 16 . |
| As explained above, delivering on its commitment to make EU citizenship more tangible to citizens 17 , the Commission is therefore presenting a ‘Guide to EU citizenship’. | Kot je pojasnjeno zgoraj, je Komisija v skladu s svojo zavezo, da bo med državljani povečala prepoznavnost državljanstva EU 17 , predstavila vodnik po državljanstvu EU. |
| To promote EU citizenship education from an early stage, the Jean Monnet actions have been extended to ‘other levels of education and training’ for the new Erasmus+ funding period. Under this new ‘Jean Monnet for Schools’ strand, the 2021 and 2022 Erasmus+ calls launched several activities aimed at training teachers on EU issues and better supporting learning about the EU in primary, secondary, and vocational education. The European Commission also launched the ‘EU democracy in action - Have your say with the European Citizens' Initiative’ 18 toolkit for secondary schools, enabling young people to learn about and develop the skills they need to be active EU citizens. Erasmus+ and the European Solidarity Corps, the two flagship EU programmes supporting youth, continue to strengthen European identity and active citizenship among young people through relevant volunteering, educational and professional activities. | Da bi se izobraževanje o državljanstvu EU spodbudilo že v zgodnji fazi, so bili ukrepi Jean Monnet v novem obdobju financiranja programa Erasmus+ razširjeni na druge ravni izobraževanja in usposabljanja. V okviru tega novega sklopa ukrepov Jean Monnet za šole se je na podlagi razpisov v zvezi s programom Erasmus+ za leti 2021 in 2022 začelo izvajati več dejavnosti, namenjenih izobraževanju učiteljev o zadevah EU in večji podpori učenju o EU v okviru primarnega, sekundarnega in poklicnega izobraževanja. Evropska komisija je pripravila tudi gradivo za srednje šole Demokracija EU v praksi – povejte svoje mnenje z evropsko državljansko pobudo 18 , ki mladim omogoča učenje in razvoj spretnosti, ki jih potrebujejo, da bi postali aktivni državljani EU. Erasmus+ in evropska solidarnostna enota, vodilna programa EU v podporo mladim, še naprej krepita evropsko identiteto in aktivno državljanstvo med mladimi v okviru ustreznih prostovoljnih, izobraževalnih in poklicnih dejavnosti. |
| In winter 2023, the Commission is also carrying out a communication campaign celebrating the 30th anniversary of EU citizenship, to further raise awareness and understanding among EU citizens of the rights they have, and to highlight the key milestones related to EU citizenship of the last 30 years. The campaign includes an online event 19 and a targeted social media campaign in certain focus countries where young citizens do not feel well-informed about their EU citizenship rights 20 . With the tagline ‘Move, Vote, Speak up’, the campaign raises awareness in particular on the right to move and reside in another Member State, the right to vote in elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections, and the right to participate in a European Citizens’ Initiative. | Komisija pozimi 2023 izvaja tudi komunikacijsko kampanjo ob 30. obletnici državljanstva EU, da bi še povečala ozaveščenost in znanje državljanov EU o pravicah, ki jih imajo, ter izpostavila ključne mejnike, povezane z državljanstvom EU, v zadnjih 30 letih. Kampanja vključuje spletni dogodek 19 in ciljno usmerjeno kampanjo, ki prek družbenih medijev poteka v nekaterih ciljnih državah, v katerih mladi menijo, da o svojih pravicah iz državljanstva EU niso dobro obveščeni 20 . Kampanja s sloganom „Move, Vote, Speak up“ (premakni se, voli, spregovori) zagotavlja ozaveščanje zlasti o pravici do selitve v drugo državo članico in prebivanja v njej, pravici voliti na volitvah v Evropski parlament in občinskih volitvah ter pravici do sodelovanja v evropski državljanski pobudi. |
| In addition, the Commission’s Communication ‘Digital compass 2030: a European way forward for the digital decade’ 21 of 9 March 2021 presented the vision for a digitally transformed Europe by 2030, in line with European values. It was translated in a Decision 22 of the Council and European Parliament establishing a set of commitments to shape EU’s digital transformation based on general objectives and targets taking into account the European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for the digital decade 23 . It was signed on 15 December 2022 by the Presidents of the Commission, the European Parliament and the Council. The Digital Decade Decision as well as Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles 24 present the EU’s commitment to a secure, safe and sustainable digital transformation that puts people at the centre, in line with EU core values and fundamental rights. They are particularly important to ensure that citizens acquire the necessary digital skills to engage in the democratic process at all levels (see also Section 7.2.2). On 27 September 2023, the 2023 Report on the state of the Digital Decade was adopted, the first report that takes stock of the EU’s progress towards a successful digital transformation as set out in the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030 25 . | Poleg tega je Komisija v sporočilu Digitalni kompas do leta 2030: evropska pot v digitalno desetletje 21 z dne 9. marca 2021 predstavila vizijo digitalno preoblikovane Evrope do leta 2030 v skladu z evropskimi vrednotami. Na podlagi navedenega sporočila je bil sprejet Sklep 22 Sveta in Evropskega parlamenta, ki vključuje sklop zavez glede izvedbe digitalne preobrazbe EU v skladu s splošnimi in specifičnimi cilji ter ob upoštevanju Evropske deklaracije o digitalnih pravicah in načelih za digitalno desetletje 23 . Sklep so predsednica Komisije, predsednica Evropskega parlamenta in predsednik Sveta podpisali 15. decembra 2022. Sklep o digitalnem desetletju ter deklaracija o digitalnih pravicah in načelih 24 predstavljata zavezanost EU zanesljivi, varni in trajnostni digitalni preobrazbi, ki v središče postavlja ljudi, v skladu s temeljnimi vrednotami in temeljnimi pravicami EU. Sklep in deklaracija sta pomembna zlasti za zagotovitev, da državljani pridobijo potrebne digitalne spretnosti za vključevanje v demokratične procese na vseh ravneh (glej tudi oddelek 7.2.2). 27. septembra 2023 je bilo sprejeto poročilo o stanju digitalnega desetletja za leto 2023, tj. prvo poročilo, v katerem je bil ocenjen napredek EU pri uspešni digitalni preobrazbi, kot je določeno v programu politike Digitalno desetletje do leta 2030 25 . |
| 3.2.2.Investor citizenship schemes | 3.2.2.Sheme državljanstva za vlagatelje |
| While it is for each Member State to lay down the conditions for the acquisition and loss of its nationality, granting Member State citizenship also entails granting EU citizenship and the rights that go with it, which can be exercised throughout the EU. Member States’ rules in the sphere of nationality must therefore have due regard to EU law 26 . The Commission considers that granting EU citizenship in return for pre-determined payments or investments without any genuine link to the Member State concerned is not compatible with the principle of sincere cooperation and with the concept of EU citizenship. | Čeprav so za določitev pogojev za pridobitev in izgubo državljanstva pristojne posamezne države članice, se ob podelitvi državljanstva države članice podelijo tudi državljanstvo EU in z njim povezane pravice, ki se nato lahko uveljavljajo po vsej EU. Pravila držav članic glede državljanstva morajo zato ustrezno upoštevati pravo EU 26 . Komisija meni, da podeljevanje državljanstva EU v zameno za vnaprej določena plačila ali naložbe brez dejanske povezave z zadevno državo članico ni združljivo z načelom lojalnega sodelovanja in konceptom državljanstva EU. |
| On 20 October 2020, the Commission launched infringement procedures against two Member States regarding their investor citizenship schemes 27 . Since then, one Member State has suspended its scheme 28 . | Komisija je 20. oktobra 2020 proti dvema državama članicama začela postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev v zvezi z njunima shemama državljanstva za vlagatelje 27 . Od takrat je ena država članica svojo shemo opustila 28 . |
| As the other Member State did not satisfactorily address the concerns raised by the Commission, the Commission decided to refer this Member State to the Court of Justice of the European Union for its investor citizenship scheme on 29 September 2022 29 . | Ker druga država članica ni zadovoljivo odpravila pomislekov Komisije, se je Komisija 29. septembra 2022 odločila, da zoper to državo članico v zvezi z njeno shemo državljanstva za vlagatelje sproži postopek na Sodišču Evropske unije 29 . |
| In March 2022, the Commission adopted a Recommendation on immediate steps in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in relation to investor citizenship schemes and investor residence schemes 30 . This recommendation reiterated that Member States need to immediately repeal any existing investor citizenship schemes and to ensure that robust checks are in place to address the risks posed by investor residence schemes also in light of the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The Member States concerned should assess whether to withdraw citizenship previously granted to Russian or Belarusian nationals subject to sanctions or significantly supporting the war in Ukraine. In their assessments, the Member States concerned are to take into account the principles established by the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the loss of EU citizenship. | Komisija je marca 2022 sprejela priporočilo o takojšnjih ukrepih zaradi ruske invazije na Ukrajino v zvezi s shemami državljanstva in prebivanja za vlagatelje 30 . V navedenem priporočilu je bilo ponovno poudarjeno, da morajo države članice nemudoma razveljaviti vse obstoječe sheme državljanstva za vlagatelje in zagotoviti izvajanje zanesljivih pregledov za obravnavo tveganj, ki jih predstavljajo sheme prebivanja za vlagatelje, tudi zaradi ruske agresije proti Ukrajini. Zadevne države članice bi morale oceniti, ali je treba odvzeti državljanstva, ki so bila predhodno dodeljena ruskim ali beloruskim državljanom, za katere veljajo sankcije ali ki pomembno podpirajo vojno v Ukrajini. Zadevne države članice morajo pri svojih ocenah upoštevati načela, ki jih je v zvezi z izgubo državljanstva EU določilo Sodišče Evropske unije. |
| 3.3.Case law developments | 3.3.Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| From 2020 to 2023, the Court issued several key judgments on EU citizenship. These cases covered, for example, the loss of EU citizenship due to loss of nationality of a Member State. | Sodišče je med letoma 2020 in 2023 izdalo več pomembnih sodb o državljanstvu EU. Te zadeve so se med drugim nanašale na izgubo državljanstva EU zaradi izgube državljanstva države članice. |
| The three cases Silver and Others v Council 31 , Shindler and Others v Council 32 and David Price v Council 33 are particularly interesting in the context of British citizens, who have lost their rights as EU citizens as a result of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the EU. The three actions were brought separately before the Court by British citizens who tried to challenge the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement and the Council’s decision on the conclusion of that agreement, claiming, among other things, that those acts had deprived them of rights that they had exercised and acquired as EU citizens. The Court rejected these actions and confirmed that the loss of the status of EU citizen, and consequently the loss of the rights attached to that status, was an automatic consequence of the sole sovereign decision taken by the United Kingdom to withdraw from the EU, and not of the Withdrawal Agreement or the Council’s decision. | Tri zadeve, in sicer Silver in drugi proti Svetu 31 , Shindler in drugi proti Svetu 32 ter David Price proti Svetu 33 so še posebej zanimive v zvezi z vprašanjem britanskih državljanov, ki so zaradi izstopa Združenega kraljestva iz EU izgubili pravice, ki so jih imeli kot državljani EU. Te tri tožbe so na Sodišče ločeno vložili britanski državljani, ki so poskušali izpodbijati sporazum o izstopu Združenega kraljestva iz EU in sklep Sveta o sklenitvi navedenega sporazuma, pri čemer so med drugim trdili, da so jim bile z navedenima aktoma odvzete pravice, ki so jih uveljavljali in pridobili kot državljani EU. Sodišče je te tožbe zavrnilo in potrdilo, da sta bili izguba statusa državljana EU in posledična izguba pravic, povezanih s tem statusom, samodejni posledici same suverene odločitve Združenega kraljestva, da izstopi iz EU, ne pa posledica sporazuma o izstopu ali sklepa Sveta. |
| The JY v Wiener Landesregierung 34 judgment is also highlighted in this report as it tackles the relationship between Member State nationality and EU citizenship. The case builds on the two previous judgments - Rottmann 35 and Tjebbes 36 -, in which the Court was confronted with the question of whether EU law imposed limits on the competence of national authorities withdrawing the nationality of a Member State in situations where the status of EU citizen is equally lost. In the JY case, an Estonian national voluntarily renounced her Estonian nationality after obtaining assurances that she would be granted Austrian nationality upon renouncing other nationalities. However, due to several administrative offences the competent Austrian authority later revoked its assurance as to the granting of Austrian nationality. The Court confirmed that the loss of the status of EU citizen falls, by reason of its nature and its consequences, within the scope of EU law where the assurance as to the grant of another Member State nationality is revoked with the effect of preventing that person from recovering the status of EU citizen. Although Member States hold exclusive competence to establish rules for the acquisition or loss of nationality, the authorities of the naturalising Member State must take into account the EU law principle of proportionality when seeking to revoke a previously given assurance as to the grant of the host Member State’s nationality. In this case, the Court confirmed that the principle of proportionality is not satisfied where such a revocation decision is based on administrative traffic offences which, under the applicable provisions of national law, give rise to a mere pecuniary penalty. | V tem poročilu je izpostavljena tudi sodba v zadevi JY proti Wiener Landesregierung 34 , saj se nanaša na povezavo med državljanstvom države članice in državljanstvom EU. Zadeva temelji na dveh predhodnih sodbah, tj. sodbah v zadevi Rottmann 35 in zadevi Tjebbes 36 , v katerih je Sodišče obravnavalo vprašanje, ali pravo EU omejuje pristojnost nacionalnih organov glede odvzema državljanstva države članice v primeru, da se izgubi tudi status državljana EU. V zadevi JY se je estonska državljanka po prejemu zagotovil glede tega, da bo ob odpovedi drugim državljanstvom dobila avstrijsko državljanstvo, prostovoljno odpovedala estonskemu državljanstvu. Vendar je pristojni avstrijski organ zaradi več upravnih prekrškov svoje zagotovilo glede podelitve avstrijskega državljanstva pozneje preklical. Sodišče je potrdilo, da izguba statusa državljana EU zaradi svoje narave in posledic spada na področje uporabe prava EU, če se zagotovilo glede podelitve državljanstva druge države članice prekliče in če zadevna oseba posledično ne more več pridobiti statusa državljana EU. Čeprav imajo države članice izključno pristojnost za določanje pravil o pridobitvi ali izgubi državljanstva, morajo organi države članice naturalizacije v primeru, da želijo preklicati predhodno dano zagotovilo glede dodelitve državljanstva države članice gostiteljice, upoštevati načelo prava EU glede sorazmernosti. V tej zadevi je Sodišče potrdilo, da načelo sorazmernosti ni izpolnjeno, če odločitev o preklicu temelji na upravnih kršitvah cestnoprometnih predpisov, za katere je v veljavnih določbah nacionalnega prava predvidena zgolj denarna kazen. |
| These and other cases concerning EU citizenship are explained in more detail in Annex II. | Te in druge zadeve v zvezi z državljanstvom EU so podrobneje pojasnjene v Prilogi II. |
| 4.Non-discrimination on grounds of nationality (Article 18 TFEU) | 4.Prepoved diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo (člen 18 PDEU) |
| 4.1.Introduction | 4.1.Uvod |
| Article 18 TFEU 37 prohibits discrimination on grounds of nationality within the scope of application of the Treaties. According to the 2023 Eurobarometer on citizenship and democracy, 77% of EU citizens know that, when in another EU Member State, they have the right to be treated in the same way as a national of that Member State. | Člen 18 PDEU 37 prepoveduje diskriminacijo glede na državljanstvo na področju uporabe Pogodb. Raziskava Eurobarometer o državljanstvu in demokraciji iz leta 2023 je razkrila, da 77 % državljanov EU ve, da imajo v drugi državi članici EU pravico do enake obravnave kot državljani zadevne države članice. |
| 4.2.Case law developments | 4.2.Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| During the period covered by this report, the Court issued three key judgements relating to non-discrimination of EU citizens on grounds of nationality. | V obdobju, ki ga zajema to poročilo, je Sodišče izdalo tri pomembne sodbe v zvezi s prepovedjo diskriminacije državljanov EU glede na državljanstvo. |
| Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München v S.M 38 and Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin v BY 39 concerned the interaction between national rules precluding the extradition of the host Member State’s own nationals and the EU principle of non-discrimination on grounds of nationality. The cases concerned extradition requests filed by non-EU countries, in the first case for the purpose of enforcing a custodial sentence, and in the second for the purposes of criminal prosecution. The Court concluded that, where national rules on extradition introduce a difference in treatment between nationals and other EU citizens resident in that Member State, the concerned Member State must assess whether there is an alternative measure to extradition that is less prejudicial to the exercise of free movement by the EU citizen. | Zadevi Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München proti S. M. 38 in Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin proti BY 39 sta se nanašali na povezavo med nacionalnimi pravili, v skladu s katerimi izročitev državljanov države članice gostiteljice ni mogoča, in načelom EU o prepovedi diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo. V teh zadevah sta se obravnavali prošnji za izročitev, ki ju je v prvem primeru zaradi izvršitve kazni odvzema prostosti, v drugem pa zaradi kazenskega pregona vložila tretja država. Sodišče je sklenilo, da mora zadevna država članica v primeru, da nacionalna pravila o izročitvi uvajajo različno obravnavanje državljanov zadevne države članice in drugih državljanov EU, ki prebivajo v tej državi članici, oceniti, ali so na voljo ukrepi, ki predstavljajo alternativo izročitvi in v manjši meri ovirajo prosto gibanje državljana EU. |
| OE v VY 40 concerned the residency requirements a Member State may adopt in order for its courts to have jurisdiction in matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility, and whether these may differ from the requirements applicable to its own nationals. The Court concluded that differentiated minimum periods of residence, depending on whether or not the applicant is a national of that Member State, are justifiable in view of the need to establish a real link with the Member State. | Zadeva OE proti VY 40 se je nanašala na zahteve glede prebivanja, ki jih država članica lahko sprejme, da bi bila njena sodišča pristojna v zakonskih sporih in sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo, ter na to, ali se lahko te zahteve razlikujejo od zahtev, ki se uporabljajo za državljane zadevne države članice. Sodišče je sklenilo, da so minimalna obdobja prebivanja, ki se razlikujejo glede na to, ali je prosilec državljan zadevne države članice ali ne, upravičena zaradi potrebe po vzpostavitvi dejanske povezanosti z državo članico. |
| These cases are explained in more detail in Annex II. | Te zadeve so podrobneje pojasnjene v Prilogi II. |
| 5.Combating discrimination on the basis of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation (Article 19 TFEU) | 5.Boj proti diskriminaciji na podlagi spola, rase ali narodnosti, vere ali prepričanja, invalidnosti, starosti ali spolne usmerjenosti (člen 19 PDEU) |
| 5.1.Introduction and policy developments | 5.1.Uvod in novosti na področju politike |
| Article 19 TFEU stipulates that the EU may take appropriate action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation 41 . | V skladu s členom 19 PDEU lahko EU sprejme ustrezne ukrepe za boj proti diskriminaciji na podlagi spola, rase ali narodnosti, vere ali prepričanja, invalidnosti, starosti ali spolne usmerjenosti 41 . |
| Since 2020, the Commission has proposed various new equality and anti-discrimination measures. | Komisija je od leta 2020 predlagala več novih ukrepov na področju enakosti in nediskriminacije. |
| The Commission delivered on several of the key objectives of its Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 42 , which sets out policy objectives and actions in this area. The aim of the strategy is to build a Europe where women and men, girls and boys, in all their diversity, are equal, where they can live the life they choose, thrive in a gender equal economy and lead equally throughout our societies. In March 2023, the Commission issued its annual report on gender equality 43 , highlighting the EU’s achievements in the five key areas covered by the strategy. | Komisija je uresničila več ključnih ciljev svoje strategije za enakost spolov za obdobje 2020–2025 42 , v kateri so določeni cilji politike in ukrepi na tem področju. Cilj strategije je zgraditi Evropo, v kateri so ženske in moški, dekleta in fantje ter deklice in dečki v vsej svoji raznolikosti enaki, kjer lahko živijo življenje, ki so si ga izbrali, so uspešni v spolno enakostnem gospodarstvu ter imajo enake možnosti za vodenje v naših družbah. Komisija je marca 2023 izdala letno poročilo o enakosti spolov 43 , v katerem je poudarila dosežke EU na petih ključnih področjih, zajetih v strategiji. |
| In June 2023, the Commission finalised the EU accession to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (‘Istanbul Convention’). The EU signed the Convention in June 2017, and the procedure was completed with the deposit of two instruments of approval on 28 June 2023, triggering the entry into force of the Convention for the EU on 1 October 2023. The EU is now bound by ambitious and comprehensive standards to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence in the area of judicial cooperation in criminal matters, asylum and non-refoulement, and with regard to its public administration. | Komisija je junija 2023 zaključila postopek pristopa EU h Konvenciji Sveta Evrope o preprečevanju nasilja nad ženskami in nasilja v družini ter o boju proti njima (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Istanbulska konvencija). EU je Konvencijo podpisala junija 2017, postopek pa je bil zaključen 28. junija 2023, ko sta bili deponirani dve listini o odobritvi, s čimer je Konvencija za EU začela veljati 1. oktobra 2023. EU je zdaj dolžna spoštovati ambiciozne in celovite standarde glede preprečevanja nasilja nad ženskami in nasilja v družini ter boja proti njima na področju pravosodnega sodelovanja v kazenskih zadevah, azila in nevračanja ter v zvezi s svojo javno upravo. |
| In March 2022, the Commission adopted a proposal for a directive combating violence against women and domestic violence 44 . It sets measures of prevention, protection, access to justice for victims and sets a common definition of certain criminal offences such as rape based on lack of consent and cyberviolence. The proposal aims to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence online and offline, to ensure a high level of security and the full enjoyment of fundamental rights within the EU, including the right to equal treatment and non-discrimination between women and men. The co-legislators are currently negotiating with a view of reaching an agreement and adopting the directive before the end of the current legislative term. Once adopted, the directive will implement the Istanbul Convention in the areas of EU competence. | Komisija je marca 2022 sprejela predlog direktive o boju proti nasilju nad ženskami in nasilju v družini 44 . V njem so določeni ukrepi za preprečevanje, zaščito in dostop do sodnega varstva za žrtve ter skupna opredelitev nekaterih kaznivih dejanj, kot sta posilstvo na podlagi odsotnosti privolitve in kibernetsko nasilje. Predlog je namenjen preprečevanju nasilja nad ženskami in nasilja v družini na spletu in zunaj spleta ter boju proti njima, vzpostavitvi visoke ravni varnosti in zagotovitvi polnega uživanja temeljnih pravic v EU, vključno s pravico do enake obravnave in nediskriminacije med ženskami in moškimi. Sozakonodajalca se trenutno pogajata, da bi dosegla dogovor in direktivo sprejela pred koncem sedanjega zakonodajnega obdobja. S sprejetjem direktive se bo Istanbulska konvencija izvajala na področjih, ki so v pristojnosti EU. |
| In 2022 and 2023, the Commission facilitated agreements between the European Parliament and the Council on Directive 2022/2381 on gender balance in company boards 45 and Directive 2023/970 on pay transparency 46 . The two Directives aim respectively at achieving a more balanced representation of men and women among the directors of listed companies and at combating pay discrimination and helping close the gender pay gap in the EU. In November 2022, the Council adopted two Recommendations, which the Commission had put forward as part of the European Care Strategy: one on early childhood education and care and another one on affordable high-quality long-term care (the Barcelona targets for 2030). Their aim is to ensure high quality, affordable and accessible care services across the EU 47 . In 2023, the Commission launched an EU-wide communication campaign to challenge gender stereotypes and raise awareness about the role they play in society. The #EndGenderStereotypes campaign tackles gender stereotypes in different areas of life, such as career choices, sharing care responsibilities and decision-making. | Komisija je v letih 2022 in 2023 omogočila, da sta Evropski parlament in Svet dosegla dogovor v zvezi z Direktivo (EU) 2022/2381 o uravnoteženi zastopanosti spolov v organih družb 45 in Direktivo (EU) 2023/970 o preglednosti plačil 46 . Cilj obeh direktiv je doseči bolj uravnoteženo zastopanost moških in žensk med direktorji družb, ki kotirajo na borzi, se boriti proti diskriminaciji pri plačilu in prispevati k odpravi plačilne vrzeli med spoloma v EU. Svet je novembra 2022 sprejel dve priporočili, ki ju je Komisija predstavila v okviru evropske strategije oskrbe: eno o vzgoji in varstvu predšolskih otrok, drugo pa o cenovno dostopni visokokakovostni dolgotrajni oskrbi (barcelonska cilja za leto 2030). Njun cilj je zagotoviti visokokakovostne, cenovno ugodne in dostopne storitve oskrbe in varstva po vsej EU 47 . Komisija je leta 2023 začela komunikacijsko kampanjo po vsej EU za odpravljanje spolnih stereotipov in ozaveščanje o njihovi vlogi v družbi. Kampanja #EndGenderStereotypes obravnava spolne stereotipe na različnih področjih življenja, kot so izbira poklicne poti, delitev obveznosti oskrbe in sprejemanje odločitev. |
| The Commission continued implementation of its ambitious EU anti-racism action plan 2020-2025 48 . In June 2021, the Commission appointed its very first Anti-racism Coordinator. The Commission strongly encouraged Member States to adopt national action plans against racism and racial discrimination. Furthermore, Member States committed to this aim in the Council Conclusions on Combating Racism and Antisemitism in May 2022. To support Member States, the Commission launched common guiding principles for national action plans against racism and racial discrimination in March 2022 49 . These principles are intended to serve as a basis for Member States and to facilitate the process of developing and implementing a national action plan. Currently 11 Member States have adopted national action plans against racism and five are in the process of adopting one. | Komisija je še naprej izvajala ambiciozen akcijski načrt EU za boj proti rasizmu za obdobje 2020–2025 48 . Junija 2021 je imenovala svojega prvega koordinatorja za boj proti rasizmu. Države članice je odločno pozivala k sprejetju nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov za boj proti rasizmu in rasni diskriminaciji. Države članice so se k uresničevanju tega cilja maja 2022 zavezale tudi v sklepih Sveta o boju proti rasizmu in antisemitizmu. Komisija je v podporo državam članicam marca 2022 predstavila skupna vodilna načela za nacionalne akcijske načrte za boj proti rasizmu in rasni diskriminaciji 49 . Ta načela naj bi državam članicam služila kot podlaga ter olajšala postopek priprave in izvajanja nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov. Doslej je nacionalne akcijske načrte za boj proti rasizmu sprejelo 11 držav članic, v petih državah članicah pa so ti načrti v postopku sprejetja. |
| In order to respond promptly and effectively to the threats to democracy and citizens’ fundamental rights represented by hate speech and hate crime, in December 2023 the Commission adopted a Communication which sets out a series of actions to combat hatred in all its forms. A key priority is to ensure the effective transposition of the Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia 50 . The Framework Decision provides a criminal law response to racist and xenophobic hate crime and hate speech, while fully respecting freedom of expression as enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Since 2020, the Commission has launched 13 infringement proceedings where gaps in transposition were detected. In response, several Member States have changed their legislation or are in the process of doing so. | Da bi se hitro in učinkovito odzvala na grožnje, ki jih za demokracijo in temeljne pravice državljanov predstavljata sovražni govor in kazniva dejanja iz sovraštva, je Komisija decembra 2023 sprejela sporočilo, v katerem je določena vrsta ukrepov za boj proti vsem oblikam sovraštva. Ključna prednostna naloga je zagotoviti učinkovit prenos okvirnega sklepa o boju proti rasizmu in ksenofobiji 50 . Okvirni sklep zagotavlja kazenskopravni odziv na rasistična in ksenofobna kazniva dejanja iz sovraštva ter rasistični in ksenofobni sovražni govor, ob popolnem spoštovanju svobode izražanja, kot je zapisana v Listini EU o temeljnih pravicah. Od leta 2020 je Komisija začela 13 postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev, v katerih so bile ugotovljene pomanjkljivosti pri prenosu. Zaradi teh postopkov je več držav članic spremenilo svojo zakonodajo ali začelo postopek spremembe svoje zakonodaje. |
| Moreover, in December 2021, the Commission adopted a Communication to extend the list of ‘EU crimes’ laid down in Article 83(1) of the TFEU to include hate crime and hate speech 51 . The current EU legislation only requires the criminalisation of racist and xenophobic hate speech and hate crime on certain grounds, such as race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin. The criminalisation of other forms of hate speech and hate crime – for example on grounds of disability, sex or sexual orientation – varies across the Member States. A Council decision to extend the list of ‘EU crimes’ would enable the Commission to propose, in the future, minimum rules to criminalise hate speech and hate crime on more grounds. | Poleg tega je Komisija decembra 2021 sprejela sporočilo o vključitvi kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva in sovražnega govora na seznam kaznivih dejanj EU iz člena 83(1) PDEU 51 . V skladu z veljavno zakonodajo EU se zahteva le inkriminacija rasističnega in ksenofobnega sovražnega govora ter kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva na podlagi različnih elementov, kot so rasa, barva kože, vera, poreklo ali nacionalna ali etnična pripadnost. Inkriminacija drugih oblik sovražnega govora in kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva – na primer zaradi invalidnosti, spola ali spolne usmerjenosti – se med državami članicami razlikuje. Sklep Sveta o razširitvi seznama kaznivih dejanj EU bi Komisiji omogočil, da v prihodnosti predlaga minimalna pravila glede inkriminacije številnejših oblik sovražnega govora in kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva. |
| To enhance the response against illegal hate speech online, since end of August 2023, under the new Digital Services Act (DSA), the Commission has made use of its supervisory powers to tackle hate speech and terrorist and violent content on a number of designated Very Large Online Platforms, notably X, TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. The DSA is a cornerstone of the EU's digital strategy and sets out an unprecedented new standard for the accountability of online platforms regarding disinformation, illegal content, such as illegal hate speech, and other societal risks. It includes overarching principles and robust guarantees for freedom of expression and other users' rights. In addition, the Regulation on addressing the dissemination of terrorist content online complements the DSA by addressing the misuse of hosting services for the dissemination to the public of such content. | Komisija zaradi okrepitve odziva na nezakonit sovražni govor na spletu od konca avgusta 2023 v skladu z novim aktom o digitalnih storitvah uporablja svoja nadzorna pooblastila za boj proti sovražnemu govoru ter terorističnim in nasilnim vsebinam na več zelo velikih spletnih platformah, zlasti na platformah X, TikTok, Instagram in YouTube. Akt o digitalnih storitvah je temelj digitalne strategije EU in določa popolnoma nov standard za odgovornost spletnih platform v zvezi z dezinformacijami, nezakonitimi vsebinami, kot je nezakonit sovražni govor, in drugimi družbenimi tveganji. Vključuje splošna načela ter trdna jamstva za svobodo izražanja in druge pravice uporabnikov. Akt o digitalnih storitvah dopolnjuje tudi uredba o obravnavanju razširjanja terorističnih spletnih vsebin, in sicer z obravnavo zlorabe storitev gostovanja za razširjanje takih vsebin v javnosti. |
| The Commission is also negotiating a revision of the 2016 Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online 52 with the online platforms. The main objective of revision of the Code is to transform it from a solely reactive tool, measuring companies’ response to existing hate speech, to a prevention tool that, together with civil society organisations and experts, can help to anticipate threats of waves of hate speech before content has gone viral. | Poleg tega se Komisija s spletnimi platformami pogaja o reviziji kodeksa ravnanja za odpravo nezakonitega sovražnega govora na spletu iz leta 2016 52 . Glavni cilj revizije je kodeks iz orodja, ki se uporablja izključno za odzivanje in s katerim se meri odziv podjetij na obstoječ sovražni govor, spremeniti v preventivno orodje, ki lahko skupaj z organizacijami civilne družbe in strokovnjaki pomaga predvideti potencialne valove sovražnega govora, še preden vsebine postanejo viralne. |
| The Commission also continued to implement the 2020-2030 EU Roma Strategic Framework for Equality, Inclusion and Participation 53 , which is one of the first deliverables of the EU Anti-racism Action Plan. In January 2023, the Commission adopted a Communication assessing Member States’ national Roma strategic frameworks 54 . In the Communication, it strongly encouraged Member States to increase their level of ambition in addressing the challenges confronting Roma 55 . | Komisija je še naprej izvajala strateški okvir EU za enakost, vključevanje in udeležbo Romov za obdobje 2020–2030 53 , ki je eden od prvih rezultatov akcijskega načrta EU za boj proti rasizmu. Januarja 2023 je sprejela sporočilo o oceni nacionalnih strateških okvirov držav članic za Rome 54 . V Sporočilu je države članice odločno spodbudila, naj bodo pri obravnavi izzivov, s katerimi se srečujejo Romi, ambicioznejše 55 . |
| The Commission made progress on implementing the first ever EU Strategy on Combating Antisemitism and Fostering Jewish Life 2021–2030 56 . Of the almost 100 measures, 70 have been implemented or set in motion over the past 2 years. Importantly, 12 EU Member States have adopted national strategies against antisemitism and seven have included specific measures against antisemitism in general anti-racism strategies. The Council adopted conclusions on combating racism and antisemitism in March 2022 and invited Member States to develop national strategies against antisemitism by the end of 2022 57 . | Komisija je dosegla napredek pri izvajanju prve strategije EU za boj proti antisemitizmu in negovanje judovskega življenja za obdobje 2021–2030 56 . Od skoraj 100 ukrepov se je v zadnjih dveh letih izvedlo oziroma začelo izvajati 70 ukrepov. Omeniti je treba, da je 12 držav članic EU sprejelo nacionalne strategije za boj proti antisemitizmu, sedem držav članic pa je posebne ukrepe za boj proti antisemitizmu vključilo v splošne strategije za boj proti rasizmu. Svet je marca 2022 sprejel sklepe o boju proti rasizmu in antisemitizmu ter države članice pozval, naj do konca leta 2022 pripravijo nacionalne strategije za boj proti antisemitizmu 57 . |
| In 2023, the Commission also appointed a new Coordinator on combating anti-Muslim hatred. The Coordinator works with Member States, European institutions, civil society and academia to strengthen policy responses in the field of anti-Muslim hatred. The Coordinator is the main point of contact for organisations working in this field in the EU. | Komisija je leta 2023 imenovala tudi novega koordinatorja za boj proti sovraštvu do muslimanov. Koordinator sodeluje z državami članicami, evropskimi institucijami, civilno družbo in akademskim svetom, da bi okrepil odzive politike na področju sovraštva do muslimanov. Koordinator je glavna kontaktna točka za organizacije v EU, ki delujejo na tem področju. |
| The Commission also continued to make progress on the Strategy on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 58 . It set up the Disability Platform, where EU Member States, civil society and institutions work together on making the goals of the strategy a reality. A Disability Employment Package 59 was launched in September 2022, to support Member States in improving labour market outcomes of persons with disabilities aimed at increasing quality employment of persons with disabilities. | Komisija je dosegla nadaljnji napredek tudi pri izvajanju strategije o pravicah invalidov 58 . Ustanovila je platformo za invalidnost, prek katere države članice EU, civilna družba in institucije sodelujejo pri uresničevanju ciljev strategije. Septembra 2022 se je začel izvajati sveženj ukrepov za zaposlovanje invalidov 59 , ki države članice podpira pri izboljšanju rezultatov invalidov na trgu dela in katerega cilj je povečati kakovostno zaposlovanje invalidov. |
| On 6 September 2023, the Commission also adopted a proposal for a directive establishing the European Disability Card (EDC) and the European Parking Card for persons with disabilities 60 . This proposal builds on the experience with the EU parking card for people with disabilities, and the EU Disability Card pilot project 61 . The aim of the initiative is to provide for the mutual recognition of disability status. Under the proposal, preferential conditions should be offered equally in the EU to persons with disabilities travelling for short periods, thereby facilitating the exercise of their free movement rights. Special conditions and treatment may include free access; reduced tariffs, tolls, or user charges; priority access; personal assistance; support (such as access to braille and audio guides); and mobility aids when, for instance, using public and private transport, attending cultural events and spaces such as museums or concerts, or visiting leisure and sport centres or amusement parks. | Komisija je poleg tega 6. septembra 2023 sprejela predlog direktive o uvedbi evropske kartice ugodnosti za invalide in evropske parkirne karte za invalide 60 . Navedeni predlog temelji na izkušnjah z evropsko parkirno karto za invalide in pilotnim projektom evropske kartice ugodnosti za invalide 61 . Cilj pobude je zagotoviti vzajemno priznavanje statusa invalida. V skladu s predlogom bi bilo treba invalidom v EU, ki potujejo za krajši čas, ponuditi enake prednostne pogoje, kar bi olajšalo uveljavljanje njihovih pravic do prostega gibanja. Posebni pogoji in obravnava lahko vključujejo prost dostop, znižane tarife, cestnine ali uporabnine, prednostni dostop, osebno asistenco, podporo (kot je dostop do Braillove pisave in zvočnih vodnikov) ter pripomočke za gibanje, na primer pri uporabi javnega in zasebnega prevoza, udeležbi na kulturnih prireditvah in v prostorih, kot so muzeji ali koncertna prizorišča, ali pri obisku prostočasnih in športnih centrov ali zabaviščnih parkov. |
| Improved rights for persons with disabilities and with reduced mobility are also part of the initiative ‘Better protection for passengers and their rights’. For instance, if persons with disabilities and with reduced mobility have to be accompanied to their flights by a person assisting to comply with aviation safety requirements, that person will travel free of charge 62 . A recast of the Rail Passenger Rights Regulation 63 , which entered into application on 7 June 2021, promotes cross-border travel and also contains improved rules for persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility (in particular a reduction of the pre-notification period for assistance requests to 24 hours). | Krepitev pravic invalidov in oseb z zmanjšano mobilnostjo je tudi del pobude za boljšo zaščito potnikov in njihovih pravic. Če mora na primer invalide in osebe z zmanjšano mobilnostjo na letalu spremljati oseba, ki jim pomaga pri izpolnjevanju zahtev glede varnosti v letalstvu, bo ta oseba potovala brezplačno 62 . Prenovljena uredba o pravicah potnikov v železniškem prometu 63 , ki se je začela uporabljati 7. junija 2021, spodbuja čezmejna potovanja in vsebuje izboljšana pravila za invalide in osebe z zmanjšano mobilnostjo (zlasti skrajšanje obdobja za posredovanje predhodnega obvestila glede potrebe po pomoči na 24 ur). |
| The Commission also renewed its Human Resources strategy, with measures to promote diversity among its staff, including for persons with disabilities. The strategy aims to foster a diverse and inclusive work environment, free of discrimination. As explained above, as a follow-up to the strategy on the rights of persons with disabilities, the Commission is now also presenting a ‘Guide of good electoral practices in Member States addressing participation of citizens with disabilities in the electoral process’, as well as a compendium on e-voting rights, fostering accessibility of elections (see also Section 6.2.2). | Komisija je poleg tega prenovila svojo strategijo za človeške vire, ki vključuje ukrepe za spodbujanje raznolikosti osebja, vključno z invalidi. Cilj strategije je spodbujati raznoliko in vključujoče delovno okolje brez diskriminacije. Kot je pojasnjeno zgoraj, je Komisija v okviru nadaljnjega ukrepanja na podlagi strategije o pravicah invalidov predstavila tudi Priročnik dobrih volilnih praks o udeležbi invalidov v volilnem procesu v državah članicah ter priročnik o pravicah v zvezi z e-glasovanjem, ki spodbujata dostopnost volitev (glej tudi oddelek 6.2.2). |
| On 11 October 2023, the Commission published the Communication ‘Demographic change in Europe: a toolbox for action’ which presents Member States with the tools available to address demographic challenges and their impacts, including to empower older generations and sustain their welfare. It reminds that respect for older citizens and their well-being is a cornerstone of a thriving ‘longevity society’ at large. The Union of Equality strategies adopted by the Commission in 2020 and 2021 stress the need to combat stereotypes, fight age-based discrimination within their respective remit, to promote diversity and inclusion in the workplace, and give everyone equal chances to contribute and thrive. In particular, the Employment Equality Directive protects against age-based discrimination at work 64 . | Komisija je 11. oktobra 2023 objavila sporočilo Demografske spremembe v Evropi: nabor orodij za ukrepanje, v katerem so državam članicam predstavljena razpoložljiva orodja za obravnavo demografskih izzivov in njihovih posledic, vključno z opolnomočenjem starejših generacij in ohranjanjem njihove blaginje. V sporočilu je navedeno, da sta spoštovanje starejših državljanov in njihova blaginja temelj uspešne „družbe dolgoživosti“ na splošno. V strategijah Unije enakosti, ki jih je Komisija sprejela v letih 2020 in 2021, je poudarjeno, da se je treba boriti proti stereotipom in v okviru svojih pristojnosti proti diskriminaciji na podlagi starosti, spodbujati raznolikost in vključevanje na delovnem mestu ter vsem zagotoviti enake možnosti, da prispevajo in uspevajo. Zlasti direktiva o enakosti pri zaposlovanju ščiti pred diskriminacijo pri delu na podlagi starosti 64 . |
| The Commission continued to implement the EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child adopted in 2021 65 , which aims to uphold children’s rights in all areas of EU activity and to implement almost 40 activities under the current Commission and beyond. The strategy includes recommendations for Member States across six thematic areas. It addresses discrimination based on socio-economic factors and promotes equal opportunities in accessing education, health services and justice systems. The Commission also set up the EU Childrens’ Participation Platform 66 , which brings together children involved in various existing child participation mechanisms across the EU and involves them in conversations and activities contributing to democratic processes and policy making. In this context, the European Child Guarantee aims to address social exclusion by guaranteeing children in need effective access to key services, including free early childhood education and care 67 . | Komisija je še naprej izvajala strategijo EU o otrokovih pravicah iz leta 2021 65 , katere cilj je podpreti otrokove pravice na vseh področjih dejavnosti EU ter v okviru sedanje Komisije in pozneje izvesti skoraj 40 dejavnosti. Strategija vključuje priporočila za države članice, ki spadajo na šest tematskih področij. Obravnava diskriminacijo na podlagi socialno-ekonomskih dejavnikov ter spodbuja enake možnosti pri dostopu do izobraževanja, zdravstvenih storitev in pravosodnih sistemov. Komisija je ustanovila tudi platformo EU za udeležbo otrok 66 , ki združuje otroke, vključene v različne obstoječe mehanizme za udeležbo otrok po vsej EU, ter jih vključuje v pogovore in dejavnosti, ki prispevajo k demokratičnim procesom in oblikovanju politik. V tem okviru je cilj evropskega jamstva za otroke obravnavati socialno izključenost z zagotavljanjem, da imajo otroci v stiski učinkovit dostop do ključnih storitev, vključno z brezplačno vzgojo in varstvom predšolskih otrok 67 . |
| In 2022, the Commission also adopted a proposal to ensure the recognition of parenthood between Member States 68 . The proposal aims to provide legal clarity for all types of families who find themselves in a cross-border situation within the EU, be it because they move from one Member State to another to travel or reside, or because they have family members or property in another Member State. Under the proposal, the parenthood established in one Member State should be recognised in all other Member States without any special procedure. This is notably relevant to the rights derived from parenthood under national law, such as the child’s right to maintenance or inheritance in another Member State 69 . | Komisija je leta 2022 sprejela tudi predlog za zagotovitev priznavanja starševstva med državami članicami 68 . Cilj predloga je zagotoviti pravno jasnost vsem vrstam družin, ki se znajdejo v čezmejnem položaju v EU, bodisi zaradi premika iz ene države članice v drugo, da bi v njej potovale ali prebivale, bodisi ker imajo v drugi državi članici družinske člane ali premoženje. V skladu s predlogom bi moralo biti starševstvo, ugotovljeno v eni državi članici, brez posebnega postopka priznano v vseh drugih državah članicah. To je pomembno zlasti za pravice, ki izhajajo iz starševstva na podlagi nacionalnega prava, kot je otrokova pravica do preživnine ali dedovanja v drugi državi članici 69 . |
| The Commission also made further progress on its first ever LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025 70 . On 12 April 2023, it issued a progress report, presenting the state of implementation of the strategy in the period up to February 2023 71 . The LGBTIQ equality subgroup of the High-level Group on Non-Discrimination, Equality and Diversity developed a set of guidelines to support Member States in taking concrete action to enhance protection of the rights of LGBTIQ people 72 . | Komisija je dosegla nadaljnji napredek tudi pri izvajanju svoje prve strategije za enakost LGBTIQ oseb za obdobje 2020–2025 70 . 12. aprila 2023 je izdala poročilo o napredku, v katerem je predstavila stanje izvajanja strategije v obdobju do februarja 2023 71 . Podskupina za enakost LGBTIQ oseb, ki deluje v okviru skupine na visoki ravni za nediskriminacijo, enakost in raznolikost, je pripravila sklop smernic v podporo državam članicam pri sprejemanju konkretnih ukrepov za krepitev varstva pravic LGBTIQ oseb 72 . |
| In December 2020, the Commission adopted a strategy to strengthen the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the EU 73 . The strategy complements the targeted policy measures taken in several areas, including as regards the rights of EU citizens. It provides a set of measures to make fundamental rights more effective across the EU over a ten-year period. Since 2020, the Commission presents thematic annual reports on the application of the Charter focusing on areas of strategic relevance. In 2023, the report is dedicated to ‘effective legal protection and access to justice’ as a precondition for enjoying fundamental rights. | Komisija je decembra 2020 sprejela strategijo za okrepitev uporabe Listine o temeljnih pravicah v EU 73 . Strategija dopolnjuje ciljno usmerjene ukrepe politike, sprejete na več področjih, tudi v zvezi s pravicami državljanov EU. Vključuje sklop ukrepov za učinkovitejše uveljavljanje temeljnih pravic po vsej EU v desetletnem obdobju. Komisija od leta 2020 izdaja tematska letna poročila o uporabi Listine, pri čemer se osredotoča na strateško pomembna področja. Poročilo iz leta 2023 je namenjeno učinkovitemu pravnemu varstvu in dostopu do njega kot predpogoju za uživanje temeljnih pravic. |
| In December 2022, the Commission presented legislative proposals to strengthen the role of equality bodies 74 , in particular by endowing them with greater independence, resources and powers, so they can combat discrimination in Europe more effectively. Equality bodies are essential in assisting victims of discrimination and making sure that EU non-discrimination law is implemented on the ground. This new legislation aims to ensure that equality bodies can achieve their full potential. It will better protect victims of discrimination and help prevent discrimination. | Komisija je decembra 2022 predstavila zakonodajna predloga za okrepitev vloge organov za enakost 74 , zlasti z dodelitvijo večje neodvisnosti, sredstev in pooblastil, da bi se lahko ti organi učinkoviteje borili proti diskriminaciji v Evropi. Organi za enakost imajo ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju pomoči žrtvam diskriminacije, poleg tega pa bistveno prispevajo k izvajanju prava EU o nediskriminaciji v praksi. Novi direktivi bosta organom za enakost omogočili, da v celoti izkoristijo svoj potencial. Zagotovili bosta boljšo zaščito žrtev diskriminacije in prispevali k preprečevanju diskriminacije. |
| In April 2022, the Commission announced the winners of the first ever European Capitals of Inclusion and Diversity Awards; the second were announced in April 2023 75 . The Commission raises awareness of the importance of inclusion and diversity at the workplace and in the society across the EU by celebrating the EU Diversity Month. Celebrated annually since 2020, the EU Diversity Month honours efforts by organisations to help build equal and inclusive environments for the benefit of all. The European Commission continued promoting diverse and inclusive workplaces and sharing good practices between employers in Europe through the EU Platform of Diversity Charters. | Komisija je aprila 2022 prvič razglasila prejemnike nagrad za evropske prestolnice vključevanja in raznolikosti, drugič pa je zmagovalce razglasila aprila 2023 75 . Komisija s praznovanjem meseca raznolikosti EU ozavešča o pomenu vključevanja in raznolikosti na delovnem mestu in v družbi po vsej EU. Mesec raznolikosti EU, ki se od leta 2020 praznuje vsako leto, je namenjen priznanju prizadevanj organizacij za ustvarjanje enakopravnih in vključujočih okolij v korist vseh. Evropska komisija je še naprej spodbujala raznolika in vključujoča delovna mesta ter izmenjavo dobrih praks med delodajalci v Evropi prek platforme EU za listine o raznolikosti. |
| 5.2.Case law developments | 5.2.Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| During the period covered by this report, the Court issued some key judgments relating to non-discrimination of EU citizens on the basis of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. | V obdobju, ki ga zajema to poročilo, je Sodišče izdalo nekaj pomembnih sodb v zvezi z nediskriminacijo državljanov EU na podlagi spola, rase ali narodnosti, vere ali prepričanja, invalidnosti, starosti ali spolne usmerjenosti. |
| Regarding freedom of religion, in L.F. v S.C.R.L 76 , the Court ruled that religion and belief must be regarded as a single ground of discrimination, covering both religious belief and philosophical or spiritual belief 77 . | V zvezi s svobodo izpovedovanja vere je Sodišče v zadevi L. F. proti S. C. R. L. 76 odločilo, da je treba vero in prepričanje obravnavati kot en in isti razlog za diskriminacijo, ki zajema tako versko kot filozofsko ali duhovno prepričanje 77 . |
| In case A v HK Danmark and HK/Privat 78 , it was established that an age limit laid down in the articles of association of an employees’ organisation for eligibility for the post of president of that organisation was discriminatory on the basis of age. | V zadevi A proti HK Danmark in HK/Privat 78 je bilo ugotovljeno, da je bila starostna omejitev za izvolitev na mesto predsednika organizacije delavcev, določena v statutu te organizacije, diskriminatorna na podlagi starosti. |
| When it comes to non-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, the Court ruled that sexual orientation cannot be a reason to refuse or conclude a contract with a self-employed worker in J.K. v TP S.A 79 . | Kar zadeva nediskriminacijo na podlagi spolne usmerjenosti, je Sodišče v zadevi J. K. proti TP S.A. 79 razsodilo, da spolna usmerjenost ne more biti razlog za zavrnitev sklenitve ali sklenitev pogodbe s samozaposlenim delavcem. |
| These and other cases on non-discrimination are explained in more detail in Annex II. | Te in druge zadeve v zvezi z nediskriminacijo so podrobneje pojasnjene v Prilogi II. |
| 6.Right to move and reside freely in the territory of the Member States (Articles 20(2) and 21 TFEU) | 6.Pravica do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic (člen 20(2) in člen 21 PDEU) |
| 6.1.Introduction | 6.1.Uvod |
| Under Articles 20(2)(a) and 21 TFEU, EU citizens are entitled to move and reside freely in the territory of the Member States, subject to the limitations and conditions laid down in the Treaties and measures adopted to give them effect 80 . | V skladu s členom 20(2), točka (a), in členom 21 PDEU imajo državljani EU pravico do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic ob upoštevanju omejitev in pogojev, določenih s Pogodbama in ukrepi, ki so bili sprejeti za njuno uveljavitev 80 . |
| According to the 2023 Eurobarometer on citizenship and democracy, 80% of EU citizens are aware of their right to reside in any Member State provided certain conditions are met. A large majority of respondents hold positive attitudes towards the free movement of EU citizens within the EU. About 9 out of 10 (89%) agree that this right personally benefits them, with about 7 in 10 (69%) strongly agreeing. Similarly, more than 8 out of 10 (83%) agree that the free movement of EU citizens benefits the economy, with about half (51%) strongly agreeing. | Raziskava Eurobarometer o državljanstvu in demokraciji iz leta 2023 je razkrila, da se 80 % državljanov EU zaveda, da imajo v primeru izpolnjevanja določenih pogojev pravico do prebivanja v kateri koli državi članici. Velika večina vprašanih ima pozitiven odnos do prostega gibanja državljanov EU znotraj EU. Približno devet od desetih (89 %) vprašanih se strinja, da jim ta pravica osebno koristi, približno sedem od desetih (69 %) vprašanih pa se s to trditvijo popolnoma strinja. Podobno se več kot osem od desetih (83 %) vprašanih strinja, da prosto gibanje državljanov EU koristi gospodarstvu, pri čemer se približno polovica (51 %) vprašanih s to trditvijo popolnoma strinja. |
| There are 13.7 million ‘mobile’ EU citizens (citizens who have moved to live, work or study in another Member State) 81 . In 2021, for example, 1.4 million people previously residing in one EU Member State migrated to another Member State, an increase of almost 17% compared with 2020 82 . | V EU je 13,7 milijona „mobilnih“ državljanov (državljanov, ki so se preselili, da bi živeli, delali ali študirali v drugi državi članici) 81 . Leta 2021 se je na primer iz ene v drugo državo članico preselilo 1,4 milijona oseb, kar je skoraj 17 % več kot leta 2020 82 . |
| In the reporting period, the Commission dealt with 480 complaints from citizens and more than 4100 letters/individual enquiries as regards the exercise of the right to free movement. These high numbers can partly be explained by the COVID-19 pandemic. To limit the spread of COVID-19, EU Member States adopted various measures, some of which had an impact on citizens’ right to move freely across the EU, such as requirements to undergo quarantine or a coronavirus test (see also Section 6.2.3). Apart from these COVID-19 related enquiries, many other complaints and questions concerned the right of entry and residence of non-EU family members of EU citizens (conditions for issuing visas and residence cards, additional formalities) and the conditions under which EU citizens can exercise their right to free movement. The Commission also dealt with 101 questions and 13 petitions from the European Parliament concerning free movement. Most of these also related to the exercise of free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic, and, in particular, the use of the EU Digital COVID Certificate. | V obdobju poročanja je Komisija obravnavala 480 pritožb državljanov in več kot 4 100 dopisov/posameznih poizvedb v zvezi z uveljavljanjem pravice do prostega gibanja. Tako visoke številke je mogoče delno pojasniti s pandemijo COVID-19. Države članice EU so zaradi omejitve širjenja pandemije COVID-19 sprejele različne ukrepe, pri čemer so nekateri vplivali na pravico državljanov do prostega gibanja po EU, na primer zahteve glede karantene ali testiranja na koronavirus (glej tudi oddelek 6.2.3). Poleg teh poizvedb, povezanih s pandemijo COVID-19, se je veliko pritožb in vprašanj nanašalo na pravico do vstopa in prebivanja državljanov tretjih držav, ki so družinski člani državljanov EU (na pogoje za izdajo vizumov in dovoljenj za prebivanje ter druge formalnosti), ter pogoje, pod katerimi lahko državljani EU uveljavljajo pravico do prostega gibanja. Komisija je obravnavala tudi 101 vprašanje in 13 peticij Evropskega parlamenta v zvezi s prostim gibanjem. Večina teh vprašanj in peticij se je prav tako nanašala na uveljavljanje pravice do prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19, zlasti na uporabo digitalnega COVID potrdila EU. |
| Citizens also addressed questions about their personal EU rights to the Your Europe Advice service 83 . Between 2021 and 2023 84 , Your Europe Advice received more than 18 899 enquiries on entry procedures and residence rights and more than 786 enquiries on political and judicial rights. Together, these topics cover 28% of all enquiries received by Your Europe Advice. | Državljani so vprašanja o svojih osebnih pravicah v EU naslovili tudi na službo Tvoja Evropa – nasveti 83 . Med letoma 2021 in 2023 84 je služba Tvoja Evropa – nasveti prejela več kot 18 899 poizvedb o vstopnih postopkih in pravicah do prebivanja ter več kot 786 poizvedb o političnih in sodnih pravicah. Te teme skupaj zajemajo 28 % vseh poizvedb, naslovljenih na službo Tvoja Evropa – nasveti. |
| Mobile EU citizens who have been negatively affected by the incorrect application of EU law by public authorities can also get help from SOLVIT 85 , which was set up to react quickly and find solutions at national level. From 2020 to 2023 86 , SOLVIT handled around 994 cases involving the free movement of persons. | Mobilnim državljanom EU, ki se zaradi neustrezne uporabe zakonodaje EU s strani javnih organov srečujejo z negativnimi posledicami, lahko pomaga tudi mreža SOLVIT 85 , ki je bila vzpostavljena za hitro odzivanje in iskanje rešitev na nacionalni ravni. Med letoma 2020 in 2023 86 je mreža SOLVIT obravnavala približno 994 zadev v zvezi s prostim gibanjem oseb. |
| EU citizens can also send enquiries to the Commission’s Europe Direct Contact Centre (EDCC). Between 2021 and 2023, the EDCC replied to a total of almost 17 000 enquiries on the free movement of persons 87 . | Državljani EU lahko poizvedbe pošljejo tudi kontaktnemu centru Komisije Europe Direct. Med letoma 2021 in 2023 je kontaktni center Europe Direct odgovoril na skoraj 17 000 poizvedb o prostem gibanju oseb 87 . |
| 6.2.Policy developments | 6.2.Novosti na področju politike |
| 6.2.1.Facilitating free movement | 6.2.1.Lajšanje prostega gibanja |
| The Commission has recently taken a number of steps to ensure that Member States fully comply with EU law on free movement, including through infringement proceedings in cases of incompatibility of national legislation with EU law. | Komisija je nedavno sprejela več ukrepov za zagotovitev, da države članice v celoti spoštujejo pravo EU o prostem gibanju, vključno s postopki za ugotavljanje kršitev v primerih nezdružljivosti nacionalne zakonodaje s pravom EU. |
| As explained above, and as announced in the ‘Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication, the Commission is now updating the 2009 guidance for better transposition and application of Directive 2004/38/EC 88 (‘Free Movement Directive’), as part of the ‘Citizenship Package’. The guidance provides legal interpretations, practical orientations and examples of key questions on the right of free movement, including the scope of beneficiaries, entry requirements for EU citizens and their non-EU family members, residence rights for more than 3 months and the right of permanent residence. It also includes guidance for EU citizens and their family members benefitting from equal treatment in accessing social assistance, social benefits and healthcare 89 in the host Member State, and on the restrictions on free movement rights based on public policy and public security. | Kot je pojasnjeno zgoraj in kot je napovedano v poročilu o državljanstvu za leto 2020, je Komisija v okviru svežnja o državljanstvu posodobila smernice iz leta 2009 za boljši prenos in učinkovitejšo uporabo Direktive 2004/38/ES 88 (v nadaljnjem besedilu: direktiva o prostem gibanju). Smernice vsebujejo pravne razlage, praktične nasvete in primere ključnih vprašanj v zvezi s pravico do prostega gibanja, vključno z obsegom upravičencev, zahtevami glede vstopa za državljane EU in njihove družinske člane, ki so državljani tretjih držav, pravico do prebivanja za več kot tri mesece in pravico do stalnega prebivališča. Vključujejo tudi nasvete za državljane EU in njihove družinske člane, ki so upravičeni do enake obravnave pri dostopu do socialne pomoči, socialnih prejemkov in zdravstvenega varstva 89 v državi članici gostiteljici, ter informacije o omejitvah pravic do prostega gibanja na podlagi javnega reda in javne varnosti. |
| In line with the ‘Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication and the LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025 90 , the reviewed guidance takes into account the diversity of families and therefore helps all members (including children) of all families (including rainbow families) to exercise their right to free movement in practice, in line with the case law of the Court. It clarifies that where relationships such as same-sex marriages and same-sex parenthood are duly attested by a certificate issued by a Member State, these relationships must be accepted by other Member States for the purpose of the exercise of rights granted under EU law, even if such relationships are not legally provided for in national law. | V skladu s poročilom o državljanstvu za leto 2020 in strategijo za enakost LGBTIQ oseb za obdobje 2020–2025 90 se v pregledanih smernicah upošteva raznolikost družin, kar vsem članom (vključno z otroki) vseh družin (vključno z mavričnimi družinami) pomaga pri tem, da v praksi uveljavljajo svojo pravico do prostega gibanja v skladu s sodno prakso Sodišča. V smernicah je pojasnjeno, da morajo v primeru razmerij, kot so istospolne zakonske zveze in istospolno starševstvo, ki so ustrezno potrjena s potrdilom, ki ga izda država članica, druge države članice ta razmerja sprejeti zaradi uveljavljanja pravic, ki izhajajo iz prava EU, tudi če taka razmerja niso zakonsko določena v nacionalnem pravu. |
| In addition, based on the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, the updated guidance also addresses the application of restrictive measures on free movement due to public health concerns. The Commission will continue to closely monitor the correct application and implementation of free movement rules and the new guidance will be a useful tool for that purpose. | V posodobljenih smernicah se na podlagi izkušenj, pridobljenih med pandemijo COVID-19, obravnavajo tudi ukrepi, ki omejujejo prosto gibanje in se sprejmejo zaradi vprašanj javnega zdravja. Komisija bo še naprej pozorno spremljala pravilno uporabo in izvajanje pravil o prostem gibanju, nove smernice pa bodo koristno orodje za ta namen. |
| The Commission also continued to work on the citizens’ rights part of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement in the Member States. This includes ensuring that the rights of Withdrawal Agreement beneficiaries and their family members are respected in other policy areas, in particular as regards travel into and inside the Schengen area. | Komisija je v državah članicah še naprej izvajala tudi dejavnosti v zvezi z delom sporazuma o izstopu Združenega kraljestva iz EU, ki se nanaša na pravice državljanov. To vključuje zagotavljanje, da se pravice upravičencev v okviru sporazuma o izstopu in njihovih družinskih članov upoštevajo na drugih področjih politike, zlasti pri potovanjih na schengensko območje in znotraj njega. |
| In addition, the Commission regularly raises concerns regarding the UK’s implementation of the part of the Withdrawal Agreement on citizens’ rights in the Specialised Committee on Citizens’ Rights and in the Joint Committee, both in written exchanges and during meetings. Thirteen Specialised Committee meetings have taken place since 2020. | Poleg tega Komisija v specializiranem odboru za pravice državljanov in skupnem odboru v okviru pisnih izmenjav in na sejah redno izraža pomisleke glede izvajanja dela sporazuma o izstopu, ki se nanaša na pravice državljanov, s strani Združenega kraljestva. Od leta 2020 je bilo organiziranih trinajst sej specializiranega odbora. |
| While a number of implementation concerns were resolved on this basis, the Commission continues to be concerned about two systemic implementation deficiencies in the UK affecting EU citizens with residence status under the UK domestic residence scheme implementing the Withdrawal Agreement. The first deficiency relates to the lack of legal certainty as to whether they are protected by the Withdrawal Agreement. The second relates to the possible expiry of pre-settled status, in which case EU citizens were required to re-apply to be granted settled status 91 . On the latter issue, the Commission participated, as a third party, in domestic judicial review proceedings before the High Court in the UK in 2022. The High Court found that the expiry of pre-settled status and the requirement for a second constitutive application to switch to settled status was not compliant with the Withdrawal Agreement. The UK is currently working on implementing this judgment. The Commission is also concerned about the integrity of the UK’s digital status in light of incorrect information having been displayed in the past and the digital system having been unavailable. | Čeprav je bilo na ta način odpravljenih več težav pri izvajanju, je Komisija še vedno zaskrbljena zaradi dveh sistemskih pomanjkljivosti pri izvajanju v Združenem kraljestvu, ki vplivata na državljane EU, ki imajo status prebivalca v skladu z notranjo shemo prebivanja Združenega kraljestva, s katero se izvaja sporazum o izstopu. Prva pomanjkljivost se nanaša na pomanjkanje pravne varnosti glede tega, ali sporazum o izstopu ščiti te državljane. Druga se nanaša na potencialno prenehanje veljavnosti statusa začasnega prebivalca, zaradi katerega so morali državljani EU ponovno vložiti vlogo za dodelitev statusa stalnega prebivalca 91 . V zvezi s slednjim je Komisija leta 2022 kot tretja stran sodelovala v notranjem postopku sodnega nadzora pred višjim sodiščem v Združenem kraljestvu. Višje sodišče je ugotovilo, da prenehanje veljavnosti statusa začasnega prebivalca in zahteva, v skladu s katero je treba vložiti dodatno konstitutivno vlogo za pridobitev statusa stalnega prebivalca, nista v skladu s sporazumom o izstopu. Združeno kraljestvo se trenutno ukvarja z izvajanjem te sodbe. Komisija ima pomisleke tudi glede celovitosti digitalnega statusa Združenega kraljestva, saj so bile v preteklosti prikazane napačne informacije, digitalni sistem pa ni bil na voljo. |
| The Commission also works on measures in other areas of EU law with potential effects for the free movement of mobile EU citizens. In 2022, for example, the Commission submitted a legislative proposal aimed at digitalising the visa procedure for the Schengen countries. This new legislation aims to ensure that family members of mobile EU citizens will be able to submit visa applications online 92 . | Komisija pripravlja tudi ukrepe na drugih področjih prava EU, ki bi lahko vplivali na prosto gibanje mobilnih državljanov EU. Leta 2022 je na primer predložila zakonodajni predlog glede digitalizacije vizumskega postopka za schengenske države. Cilj navedene nove zakonodaje je zagotoviti, da bodo lahko družinski člani mobilnih državljanov EU vloge za izdajo vizuma vložili prek spleta 92 . |
| On 6 September 2023, the Commission also proposed concrete steps to further digitalise the coordination of social security systems in Europe, in a Communication on this issue 93 . It lays out actions to make access to social security services quicker and simpler across borders by making full use of digital tools and reducing administrative burden for citizens and business. This will improve exchanges of information between national social security institutions and speed up the recognition and granting of eligible benefits across borders. It will thus make it easier for Europeans to live, work and travel abroad, for companies to do business in other EU countries, and for national administrations to coordinate social security across borders. | Komisija je 6. septembra 2023 v sporočilu o tem vprašanju predlagala tudi konkretne ukrepe za nadaljnjo digitalizacijo na področju koordinacije sistemov socialne varnosti v Evropi 93 . V sporočilu so določeni ukrepi za hitrejši in enostavnejši čezmejni dostop do storitev socialne varnosti s celovito uporabo digitalnih orodij ter zmanjšanje upravnega bremena za državljane ter podjetja. S tem se bo izboljšala izmenjava informacij med nacionalnimi institucijami socialne varnosti ter pospešilo čezmejno priznavanje in dodeljevanje upravičenih dajatev. Evropejci bodo zato lažje živeli, delali in potovali v tujini, podjetja lažje poslovala v drugih državah EU, nacionalne uprave pa lažje čezmejno usklajevale socialno varnost. |
| 6.2.2.Developments on identity cards and residence documents | 6.2.2.Novosti na področju osebnih izkaznic in dokumentov za prebivanje |
| Since 2 August 2021, the Regulation on strengthening the security of EU citizens’ identity cards and of residence documents issued to EU citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement has been applicable to all Member States 94 . On 20 September 2023, the Commission published a report on the implementation of the Regulation, in particular on the protection of fundamental rights and personal data 95 . | Od 2. avgusta 2021 se v vseh državah članicah uporablja uredba o okrepitvi varnosti osebnih izkaznic državljanov EU in dokumentov za prebivanje, izdanih državljanom EU in njihovim družinskim članom, ki uresničujejo svojo pravico do prostega gibanja 94 . Komisija je 20. septembra 2023 objavila poročilo o izvajanju navedene uredbe, zlasti o varstvu temeljnih pravic in osebnih podatkov 95 . |
| The Commission also announced that, following an in-depth assessment and the necessary consultations, it intends to present a proposal for a regulation on digitalisation of travel documents and facilitation of travel 96 . By introducing digital travel documents for EU citizens, the Commission aims to facilitate travel across external borders, to relieve pressure and bottlenecks at border-crossing points to shorten waiting times and increase the security and efficiency of border checks. It also aims to facilitate the exercise of free movement for EU citizens and their family members. | Komisija je poleg tega sporočila, da namerava po izvedbi poglobljene ocene in ustreznih posvetovanj predstaviti predlog uredbe o digitalizaciji potnih listin in olajšanju potovanj 96 . Z uvedbo digitalnih potnih listin za državljane EU želi olajšati potovanja prek zunanjih meja, zmanjšati pritisk in ozka grla na mejnih prehodih in tako skrajšati čakalne dobe ter povečati varnost in učinkovitost mejnih kontrol. Njen cilj je tudi olajšati uveljavljanje pravice do prostega gibanja državljanov EU in njihovih družinskih članov. |
| The Commission is also continuing to explore ways to encourage the use of digital tools and innovations that make use of the capabilities offered by identity cards issued according to the new rules for e-government and e-business services, as well as ways to ensure that mobile EU citizens can also profit from such services. | Komisija še naprej proučuje načine za spodbujanje uporabe digitalnih orodij in inovacij, ki temeljijo na izkoriščanju potenciala osebnih izkaznic, izdanih v skladu z novimi pravili o storitvah e-uprave in e-poslovanja, ter načine za zagotovitev, da lahko mobilne storitve uporabljajo tudi mobilni državljani EU. |
| On 8 November 2023, the European Parliament and the Council reached a political agreement on the Regulation establishing a framework for a European Digital Identity, as proposed by the Commission in June 2021 97 . The framework requires Member States to make European Digital Identity Wallets (EDIWs) available to all EU citizens, residents, and businesses, allowing them to identify themselves online and offline seamlessly across borders for public and private services. The new regulation will establish a harmonised secure framework where citizens can link their national digital identities with digital attributes and credentials (e.g. professional qualifications or diplomas) that will enable them to replace a variety of physical cards and passes and sign electronically, thus simplifying their everyday lives. For example, travelling will be made significantly easier as the EDIWs can be used for checking in to a hotel or renting a car in all Member States. It will also have positive effects in terms of professional mobility: when starting a new job in another Member State, the EDIWs will make it much easier to sign an employment contract, deregister from the previous place of residence and register at a new address. Other administrative steps, such as registering a car, could also be supported by the EDIWs. The EDIWs will provide more convenient, secure and privacy-enhancing alternatives to private identity solutions offered by the platforms. | Evropski parlament in Svet sta 8. novembra 2023 dosegla politični dogovor o uredbi o vzpostavitvi okvira za evropsko digitalno identiteto, kot jo je junija 2021 predlagala Komisija 97 . Na podlagi navedenega okvira morajo države članice vsem državljanom, prebivalcem in podjetjem EU dati na voljo evropske denarnice za digitalno identiteto, s katerimi se lahko prek spleta in zunaj njega brez težav čezmejno identificirajo za namene dostopa do javnih in zasebnih storitev. Z novo uredbo bo vzpostavljen usklajen in varen okvir, v katerem bodo lahko državljani svoje nacionalne digitalne identitete povezali z digitalnimi atributi in referencami (na primer poklicnimi kvalifikacijami ali diplomami), s čimer bodo lahko nadomestili različne fizične izkaznice in prepustnice, se podpisovali elektronsko ter si tako poenostavili vsakdanje življenje. Potovanja bodo na primer bistveno enostavnejša, saj bo mogoče evropsko denarnico za digitalno identiteto uporabiti za prijavo v hotel ali najem avtomobila v vseh državah članicah. To bo pozitivno vplivalo tudi na poklicno mobilnost: v primeru nove zaposlitve v drugi državi članici bo z evropsko denarnico za digitalno identiteto veliko lažje podpisati pogodbo o zaposlitvi, odjaviti prejšnje prebivališče in prijaviti novo. Evropske denarnice za digitalno identiteto bi lahko podprle tudi druge upravne postopke, kot je registracija avtomobila. Evropske denarnice za digitalno identiteto bodo zagotovile rešitve, ki so v primerjavi z rešitvami zasebnih ponudnikov glede identitete, ki jih ponujajo platforme, priročnejše in varnejše ter zagotavljajo boljše varovanje zasebnosti. |
| 6.2.3.Free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic | 6.2.3.Prosto gibanje med pandemijo COVID-19 |
| The COVID-19 outbreak has presented a number of unprecedented challenges to free movement across the EU. To limit the spread of COVID-19, EU Member States adopted various measures, some of which had an impact on citizens’ right to move freely across the EU, such as requirements to undergo quarantine or a coronavirus test. | Izbruh pandemije COVID-19 je za prosto gibanje po EU pomenil številne izzive, kakršnih še ni bilo. Države članice so zaradi omejitve širjenja pandemije COVID-19 sprejele različne ukrepe, pri čemer so nekateri vplivali na pravico državljanov do prostega gibanja po EU, na primer zahteve glede karantene ali testiranja na koronavirus. |
| Any restrictions on free movement of persons within the EU to limit the spread of COVID-19 had to be based on specific and limited public interest grounds, namely the protection of public health. So, in response to the pandemic, Member States could impose measures limiting the free movement of persons within the EU but such measures could not go beyond what was strictly necessary and proportionate or distinguish between travellers based on their nationality. The Commission has monitored Member States’ compliance with these principles. | Vse omejitve prostega gibanja oseb znotraj EU, namenjene omejitvi širjenja pandemije COVID-19, so morale temeljiti na konkretnih in omejenih razlogih v javnem interesu, in sicer na varovanju javnega zdravja. Države članice so torej lahko v odziv na pandemijo uvedle ukrepe za omejitev prostega gibanja oseb v EU, vendar ti ukrepi niso smeli presegati tistega, kar je bilo nujno potrebno in sorazmerno, ali uvajati razlik med potniki na podlagi njihovega državljanstva. Komisija je spremljala, ali države članice spoštujejo ta načela. |
| In addition, the Commission has worked relentlessly to foster cooperation and coordination among Member States since the beginning of the pandemic. A well-coordinated, predictable and transparent approach to the adoption of restrictions on freedom of movement was established through several Council Recommendations. Indeed, the ‘Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication already mentioned that the Commission had presented a proposal for a Council Recommendation on a coordinated approach to the restriction of free movement in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was adopted by the Council on 13 October 2020. Since then, and in response to the ways in which the pandemic developed, this Recommendation was updated a number of times 98 . | Poleg tega si je Komisija od začetka pandemije vztrajno prizadevala spodbujati sodelovanje in usklajevanje med državami članicami. Z več priporočili Sveta je bil vzpostavljen dobro usklajen, predvidljiv in pregleden pristop k omejevanju svobode gibanja. V poročilu o državljanstvu za leto 2020 je bilo namreč že omenjeno, da je Komisija predstavila predlog priporočila Sveta o usklajenem pristopu k omejevanju prostega gibanja v odziv na pandemijo COVID-19, ki ga je Svet sprejel 13. oktobra 2020. Od takrat je bilo to priporočilo na podlagi razvoja pandemije večkrat posodobljeno 98 . |
| To facilitate the right to free movement, the Commission also presented the proposal for the EU Digital COVID Certificate, adopted by the European Parliament and the Council in June 2021 99 , which has been a crucial element in Europe’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Its rapid adoption and rollout enabled European citizens to move freely, and to open the European travel sector in time for summer 2021. The tool provided a reliable and trustworthy system to demonstrate proof of COVID-19 vaccination, recovery, or test status. It also avoided a fragmented and likely incompatible system of national certificates. When a Member State waived pandemic-related travel restrictions for people with proof of vaccination, test, or recovery, the EU Digital COVID Certificates guaranteed that all EU citizens holding them could benefit from those exemptions. On 29 June 2022, the European Parliament and the Council extended the EU Digital COVID Certificate Regulation until 30 June 2023 100 . That extension ensured that travellers could continue to use their certificate should a significant worsening of the epidemiological situation have made it necessary for Member States to temporarily reintroduce travel restrictions. | Da bi olajšala uveljavljanje pravice do prostega gibanja, je Komisija predstavila tudi predlog glede digitalnega COVID potrdila EU, ki sta ga Evropski parlament in Svet sprejela junija 2021 99 , pri čemer je imelo to potrdilo pri evropskem odzivu na pandemijo COVID-19 ključno vlogo. Njegovo hitro sprejetje in uvedba sta evropskim državljanom omogočila prosto gibanje, evropski potovalni sektor pa se je lahko pravočasno odprl še pred poletjem 2021. Potrdilo je zagotovilo zanesljiv in zaupanja vreden sistem za dokazovanje cepljenja proti COVID-19, prebolelosti ali testiranja. Poleg tega je preprečilo, da bi se uveljavil razdrobljen in verjetno nezdružljiv sistem nacionalnih potrdil. Ko je določena država članica za osebe z dokazilom o cepljenju, testiranju ali prebolelosti odpravila omejitve potovanj, povezane s pandemijo, so lahko te izjeme izkoristili vsi državljani EU z digitalnim COVID potrdilom EU. Evropski parlament in Svet sta 29. junija 2022 veljavnost uredbe o digitalnem COVID potrdilu EU podaljšala do 30. junija 2023 100 . Z tem je bila potnikom omogočena nadaljnja uporaba potrdila v primeru, da bi države članice zaradi znatnega poslabšanja epidemioloških razmer začasno ponovno uvedla omejitve potovanj. |
| The EU Digital COVID Certificate also rapidly became a standard in Europe and beyond, with 51 non-EU countries and territories connected to the system in addition to the 27 Member States. With more than two billion certificates issued, the EU Digital COVID Certificate has demonstrated the capacity of EU institutions to develop and adapt innovative and functional solutions in record time. This was also recognised by the European Ombudsman, with the EU Digital COVID Certificate winning an Ombudsman Award for Good Administration in the innovation category 101 . | Digitalno COVID potrdilo EU je hitro postalo standard v Evropi in drugje, saj je poleg 27 držav članic s tem sistemom povezanih tudi 51 tretjih držav in ozemelj. Z več kot dvema milijardama izdaj je digitalno COVID potrdilo EU pokazalo, da lahko institucije EU v rekordnem času oblikujejo in prilagodijo inovativne in funkcionalne rešitve. To je priznala tudi evropska varuhinja človekovih pravic, saj je digitalnemu COVID potrdilu EU podelila nagrado za dobro upravo v kategoriji inovacij 101 . |
| The Commission has continuously sought to provide people with accurate and user-friendly information on the EU Digital COVID Certificate and travel restrictions, for example by setting up the Re-open EU platform and by publishing answers to the most frequently asked questions on these topics. The Re-open EU platform received around 44.7 million visits between June 2020 and October 2022 and the frequently asked questions page received 1.5 million unique views. | Komisija si je ves čas prizadevala, da bi ljudem zagotovila točne in uporabniku prijazne informacije o digitalnem COVID potrdilu EU in omejitvah potovanj, na primer z vzpostavitvijo platforme Re-open EU in objavljanjem odgovorov na najpogosteje zastavljena vprašanja o teh temah. Platformo Re-open EU je v obdobju od junija 2020 do oktobra 2022 obiskalo približno 44,7 milijona ljudi, stran s pogosto zastavljenimi vprašanji pa si je ogledalo 1,5 milijona posameznih uporabnikov. |
| Once the epidemiological situation improved, the Commission focused its efforts on ensuring the lifting of restrictions in a well-coordinated manner. Since August 2022, Member States have lifted all intra-EU travel restrictions, including the requirement to present an EU Digital COVID Certificate 102 . | Z izboljšanjem epidemioloških razmer je Komisija svoja prizadevanja usmerila v usklajeno odpravljanje omejitev. Do avgusta 2022 so države članice odpravile vse omejitve potovanj znotraj EU, vključno z zahtevo po predložitvi digitalnega COVID potrdila EU 102 . |
| After all Member States had lifted intra-EU travel restrictions, and the World Health Organization (WHO), on 5 May 2023, declared that COVID-19 was no longer a public health emergency of international concern 103 , there was no reason for a further extension of the Regulation. The Regulation therefore expired on 30 June 2023 and is no longer in force. | Po tem, ko so omejitve potovanj znotraj EU odpravile vse države članice in je Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) 5. maja 2023 razglasila, da COVID-19 več ne predstavlja izrednih razmer mednarodnih razsežnosti v javnem zdravju 103 , veljavnosti uredbe ni bilo treba ponovno podaljšati. Uredba je zato dokončno prenehala veljati 30. junija 2023. |
| 6.3.Case law developments | 6.3.Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| The Court has delivered a number of judgments in relation to Article 21 TFEU (including its implementation through the Free Movement Directive 104 ). The cases dealt, for example, with free movement and (derived) residence rights, entry and residence rights of ‘other family members’, and access to benefits and/or social assistance by mobile EU citizens 105 . | Sodišče je izdalo več sodb v zvezi s členom 21 PDEU (vključno z vprašanji glede njegovega izvajanja z direktivo o prostem gibanju 104 ). Zadeve so se na primer nanašale na pravice do prostega gibanja in (izvedene) pravice do prebivanja, pravice drugih družinskih članov do vstopa in prebivanja ter dostop mobilnih državljanov EU do prejemkov in/ali socialne pomoči 105 . |
| One of the most important judgments in the period covered by this report is the ruling in V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’ 106 , which clarified that, if one parent is an EU citizen, all Member States must recognise the parent-child relationship, as established in the birth certificate drawn up by a Member State for the purposes of the exercise of the rights enjoyed under EU law, without any additional formality. This applies regardless of the status of such a relationship in the law of other Member States and particularly the Member State(s) of which the child is a national. The case in question concerned two same-sex parents but the principle of recognition of a parent-child relationship for the purpose of the exercise of the rights derived from EU law extends to all parenthood. | Ena najpomembnejših sodb v obdobju, ki ga zajema to poročilo, je sodba v zadevi V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“ 106 , v kateri je bilo pojasnjeno, da morajo vse države članice v primeru, da je eden od staršev državljan EU, brez dodatnih formalnosti priznati starševsko vez, kot je določena v rojstnem listu, ki ga je izdala država članica, da bi uveljavljali pravice, ki izhajajo iz prava EU. To velja ne glede na status takega razmerja v pravu drugih držav članic, zlasti države članice ali držav članic otrokovega državljanstva. Zadeva se je nanašala na istospolno usmerjena starša, pri čemer pa načelo priznavanja starševske vezi za namene uveljavljanja pravic, ki izhajajo iz prava EU, velja za vse oblike starševstva. |
| This case, and all other relevant judgments on Article 21 TFEU and its implementation through the Free Movement Directive, are explained in more detail in Annex II. | Ta zadeva in vse druge pomembne sodbe v zvezi s členom 21 PDEU in njegovim izvajanjem z direktivo o prostem gibanju so podrobneje pojasnjene v Prilogi II. |
| The Court has also delivered a number of judgments on the topic of derived rights of residence for non-EU family members of EU citizens, following the Court’s line of rulings starting from Ruiz Zambrano, based on Article 20 TFEU. These build on the idea that Article 20 TFEU recognises a derived right of residence on the part of the non-EU family members of a ‘static’ EU citizen (who has not exercised free movement) where there is a relationship of dependency, which would otherwise lead to the effectiveness of EU citizenship to be undermined. A summary of the judgements is also available in Annex II. | Sodišče je izdalo tudi več sodb na temo izvedenih pravic do prebivanja državljanov tretjih držav, ki so družinski člani državljanov EU, na podlagi člena 20 PDEU, in sicer ob upoštevanju vrste sodb, ki se je začela s sodbo v zadevi Ruiz Zambrano. Te sodbe temeljijo na ideji, da člen 20 PDEU priznava izvedeno pravico do prebivanja državljanom tretjih držav, ki so družinski člani „statičnih“ državljanov EU (ki ne uveljavljajo pravice do prostega gibanja), kadar obstaja razmerje odvisnosti, saj bi bil sicer polni učinek državljanstva EU ogrožen. V Prilogi II je na voljo tudi povzetek sodb. |
| 7.Right to vote and stand as a candidate in municipal elections and elections to the European Parliament (Articles 20(2)(b) and 22 TFEU) | 7.Pravica voliti in biti voljen na občinskih volitvah in volitvah v Evropski parlament (člen 20(2), točka (b), in člen 22 PDEU) |
| 7.1.Introduction | 7.1.Uvod |
| Under Articles 20(2)(b) and 22 TFEU, all EU citizens residing in a Member State of which they are not nationals are entitled to vote and stand as candidates in elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections in their Member State of residence, under the same conditions as that state’s nationals. According to the 2023 Eurobarometer on citizenship and democracy, about two thirds of EU citizens (67%) correctly identify that a citizen of the EU living in their country has the right to vote or stand as a candidate in elections to the European Parliament. An appreciably smaller majority (55%) correctly identify that such a citizen has the right to vote or stand as a candidate in municipal elections. | V skladu s členom 20(2), točka (b), in členom 22 PDEU ima vsak državljan EU, ki prebiva v državi članici, nima pa njenega državljanstva, pravico, da v tej državi pod enakimi pogoji kakor državljani te države voli in je voljen na volitvah v Evropski parlament in občinskih volitvah. V raziskavi Eurobarometer o državljanstvu in demokraciji iz leta 2023 je približno dve tretjini državljanov EU (67 %) pravilno ugotovilo, da ima državljan EU, ki živi v njihovi državi, pravico voliti oziroma biti voljen na volitvah v Evropski parlament. Veliko manjša večina (55 %) vprašanih je pravilno ugotovila, da ima tak državljan tudi pravico voliti oziroma biti voljen na občinskih volitvah. |
| During the reporting period, the Commission replied to 20 complaints and more than 220 letters/individual queries, and 31 questions and five petitions from the European Parliament on these rights. These included questions on the electoral rights of persons with disabilities, electoral rolls and electronic voting. Some of the questions also concerned the broader topic of democratic participation, for example relating to electoral fraud, political advertising, foreign interference or the funding of political parties. | V obdobju poročanja je Komisija odgovorila na 20 pritožb in več kot 220 dopisov/posameznih poizvedb ter 31 vprašanj in pet peticij Evropskega parlamenta v zvezi s temi pravicami. Med njimi so bila vprašanja o volilnih pravicah invalidov, volilnih imenikih in elektronskem glasovanju. Nekatera vprašanja so se nanašala tudi na širšo temo demokratične udeležbe, na primer na volilne goljufije, politično oglaševanje, tuje vmešavanje ali financiranje političnih strank. |
| 7.2.Policy developments | 7.2.Novosti na področju politike |
| 7.2.1.Right to vote and stand as a candidate in municipal and elections to the European Parliament | 7.2.1.Pravica voliti in biti voljen na občinskih volitvah in volitvah v Evropski parlament |
| A growing number of citizens entitled to vote and stand as candidates in elections to the European Parliament are ‘mobile’ EU citizens: citizens who have moved to live, work or study in another Member State. It is important to ensure that mobile EU citizens can fully exercise their EU citizenship rights, in particular in the context of the next elections to the European Parliament in 2024. | Vedno več državljanov, ki imajo pravico voliti in biti voljeni na volitvah v Evropski parlament, so „mobilni“ državljani EU: to so državljani, ki živijo, delajo ali študirajo v drugi državi članici. Zagotoviti je treba, da lahko mobilni državljani EU v celoti uveljavljajo svoje pravice iz državljanstva EU, zlasti v okviru naslednjih volitev v Evropski parlament leta 2024. |
| On 25 November 2021, the Commission adopted a package of measures to reinforce democracy and protect the integrity of elections (see also Section 7.2.2). The package includes two legislative proposals to recast the Directives 107 on the right to vote and stand as candidates in elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections by EU citizens residing in a different Member State from their state of origin. These initiatives aim to update, clarify and strengthen the existing rules to address the difficulties faced by mobile EU citizens, and to ensure broad and inclusive participation in the 2024 elections to the European Parliament, support mobile EU citizens in the exercise of their rights and protect the integrity of elections. | Komisija je 25. novembra 2021 sprejela sveženj ukrepov za krepitev demokracije in zaščito integritete volitev (glej tudi oddelek 7.2.2). Sveženj vključuje dva zakonodajna predloga glede prenovitve direktiv 107 o pravici državljanov EU, ki prebivajo v državi članici, ki ni njihova matična država, da volijo in so voljeni na volitvah v Evropski parlament in občinskih volitvah. Cilj teh pobud je posodobiti, pojasniti in okrepiti obstoječa pravila, odpraviti težave, s katerimi se srečujejo mobilni državljani EU, zagotoviti široko in vključujočo udeležbo na volitvah v Evropski parlament leta 2024, podpreti mobilne državljane EU pri uveljavljanju njihovih pravic in zaščititi integriteto volitev. |
| The proposal relating to the elections to the European Parliament 108 , and the proposal related to municipal elections 109 both set higher standards for providing electoral information to mobile EU citizens. They propose to require Member States to appoint authorities to proactively inform mobile EU citizens residing there of the conditions and detailed rules for registration as a voter or candidate in elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections respectively. They also propose to introduce standard templates for the formal declarations that have to be produced by mobile EU citizens to register as voters and candidates. The European Parliament adopted its opinions on these proposals on 13 February 2023. They are currently being discussed in the Council. | V predlogu glede volitev v Evropski parlament 108 in predlogu glede občinskih volitev 109 so določeni višji standardi za zagotavljanje informacij o volitvah mobilnim državljanom EU. S predlogoma se od držav članic zahteva, da imenujejo organe, ki bodo mobilne državljane EU, prebivajoče na njihovem ozemlju, proaktivno obveščali o pogojih in podrobnih pravilih za registracijo kot volivec ali kandidat za volitve v Evropski parlament oziroma občinske volitve. Uvajata tudi standardizirane predloge za uradne izjave, ki jih morajo predložiti mobilni državljani EU, da se lahko registrirajo kot volivci in kandidati. Evropski parlament je mnenji o navedenih predlogih sprejel 13. februarja 2023. Trenutno o njiju razpravlja Svet. |
| The package adopted on 25 November 2021 also included a Communication on protecting election integrity and promoting democratic participation 110 . In the Communication the Commission announced the establishment of a contact point on electoral rights, as part of the commitment to deliver on the shared resource to support EU citizens in exercising their electoral rights 111 . This function will be fulfilled by the European Direct Contact Centre which will serve as an elections helpline for the 2024 elections to the European Parliament. | Sveženj, sprejet 25. novembra 2021, vključuje tudi sporočilo o zaščiti integritete volitev in spodbujanju demokratične udeležbe 110 . Komisija je v navedenem sporočilu napovedala vzpostavitev kontaktne točke za volilne pravice, in sicer v okviru težnje po oblikovanju skupnega vira v podporo državljanom EU pri uveljavljanju njihovih volilnih pravic 111 . To funkcijo bo opravljal center za stike Europe Direct, v okviru katerega bo na voljo telefonska številka za pomoč v zvezi z volitvami v Evropski parlament leta 2024. |
| Together with the European Parliament, the Commission has also launched a communication campaign intended to increase the number of mobile EU citizens voting in the 2024 elections. This campaign intends to encourage mobile EU citizens to register and vote in these elections by raising awareness about registration deadlines and procedures in the home and residence countries 112 . | Komisija je skupaj z Evropskim parlamentom začela tudi komunikacijsko kampanjo za povečanje števila mobilnih državljanov EU, ki bodo volili na volitvah leta 2024. Namen kampanje je spodbuditi mobilne državljane EU, da se registrirajo in volijo na teh volitvah, in sicer z ozaveščanjem o rokih in postopkih za registracijo v matični državi in državi prebivališča 112 . |
| In accordance with Article 14(1) of the Directive on the right to vote and to stand as a candidate in elections to the European Parliament 113 , Member States may provide for certain derogations if the proportion of mobile EU citizens of voting age exceeds 20% of the total number of EU citizens of voting age residing in that Member State, 114 . On 7 November 2023, the Commission adopted a report on granting a derogation under Article 22(2) 115 . | V skladu s členom 14(1) direktive o pravici voliti in biti voljen na volitvah v Evropski parlament 113 lahko države članice določijo nekatera odstopanja, če delež mobilnih državljanov EU, ki imajo volilno pravico, presega 20 % vseh državljanov EU, ki imajo volilno pravico in prebivajo v zadevni državi članici 114 . Komisija je 7. novembra 2023 sprejela poročilo o odobritvi odstopanja na podlagi člena 22(2) 115 . |
| EU citizenship rights do not grant mobile EU citizens the right to vote in national elections in their Member State of residence, even though they are active members of society and are affected by national policies. The ‘EU Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication noted that there was a certain public support to grant mobile EU citizens such a right. A European citizens’ initiative on this subject was registered in 2020 but did not manage to gather the necessary support 116 . Several EU Member States deprive their own nationals of the right to vote in national elections if they permanently reside in other countries. As reiterated in the ‘EU Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication, the Commission continues to call on the Member States concerned to abolish these rules. | Pravice iz državljanstva EU mobilnim državljanom EU ne podeljujejo pravice voliti na nacionalnih volitvah v državi članici prebivališča, tudi če so aktivni člani družbe in če nanje vplivajo nacionalne politike. V poročilu o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 je bilo ugotovljeno, da določen delež javnosti podpira dodelitev take pravice mobilnim državljanom EU. Leta 2020 je bila na to temo prijavljena evropska državljanska pobuda, vendar ni prejela potrebne podpore 116 . Več držav članic EU svojim državljanom, ki imajo stalno prebivališče v drugi državi, odreka pravico voliti na nacionalnih volitvah. Kot je bilo ponovljeno v poročilu o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020, Komisija zadevne države članice še naprej poziva, naj ta pravila odpravijo. |
| 7.2.2.Empowering democratic participation | 7.2.2.Spodbujanje demokratične udeležbe |
| Every citizen has the right to participate in the democratic life of the EU 117 . Ensuring inclusive democracies and equal opportunities in elections is essential for the Commission, in particular in light of the upcoming elections to the European Parliament. Therefore, the Commission has worked to promote inclusiveness, including by supporting exchanges among Member States on participation in elections of different groups, and to ensure that the democratic and electoral rights of all EU citizens are respected and properly implemented. | Vsak državljan ima pravico sodelovati v demokratičnem življenju EU 117 . Zagotavljanje vključujoče demokracije in enakih možnosti na volitvah je za Komisijo bistvenega pomena, zlasti glede na bližajoče se volitve v Evropski parlament. Komisija si zato prizadeva za spodbujanje vključevanja, tudi s podpiranjem izmenjave informacij o udeležbi različnih skupin na volitvah med državami članicami, ter za spoštovanje in ustrezno uveljavljanje demokratičnih in volilnih pravic vseh državljanov EU. |
| 118 Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the Commission monitored the impacts of COVID-19-related measures on democratic debate and elections. On 6 June 2020, at the start of the pandemic, the Commission issued a Communication on tackling COVID-19 disinformation, addressing the negative impact disinformation can have on democratic institutions and societies. | 118 Komisija je v celotnem obdobju pandemije COVID-19 spremljala vplive ukrepov, povezanih s pandemijo, na demokratično razpravo in volitve. 6. junija 2020, na začetku pandemije, je izdala sporočilo o boju proti dezinformacijam v zvezi s COVID-19, v katerem je obravnavala negativni vpliv, ki ga imajo lahko dezinformacije na demokratične institucije in družbe. |
| 119 On 2 December 2020, the Commission presented its , to promote free, fair and resilient elections and strong democratic participation, protect media freedom and pluralism and counter disinformation. This is coupled with an increasing focus on bolstering societal resilience through cross-cutting support for active citizenship and civil society engagement, in complementarity with the ‘Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication. The Democracy Action Plan is constructed around three integrated themes: | 119 Komisija je 2. decembra 2020 predstavila , namenjen spodbujanju svobodnih, poštenih in odpornih volitev ter močne demokratične udeležbe, varovanju svobode in pluralnosti medijev ter boju proti dezinformacijam. Ob tem je vse večji poudarek tudi na krepitvi družbene odpornosti z zagotavljanjem medsektorske podpore aktivnemu državljanstvu in udeležbi civilne družbe, kar dopolnjuje poročilo o državljanstvu za leto 2020. Akcijski načrt za demokracijo temelji na treh povezanih temah: |
| ·electoral integrity and how to ensure that electoral systems are free and fair, including key issues such as the transparency of political advertising online, possible threats to the integrity of elections and the role of European political parties; | ·integriteti volitev in zagotavljanju svobodnih in poštenih volilnih sistemov, vključno s ključnimi vprašanji, kot so preglednost političnega oglaševanja na spletu, morebitne grožnje integriteti volitev in vloga evropskih političnih strank; |
| ·strengthening freedom of expression and democratic debate, looking at media freedom and media pluralism, and the role of civil society; and | ·krepitvi svobode izražanja in demokratične razprave ter spremljanju svobode in pluralnosti medijev in vloge civilne družbe ter |
| ·tackling disinformation in a coherent manner considering the need to examine all the means used to interfere in our democratic system. | ·usklajeni obravnavi dezinformacij ob upoštevanju tega, da je treba proučiti vsa sredstva, ki se uporabljajo za vmešavanje v naš demokratični sistem. |
| The main aim of the European Democracy Action Plan is to empower citizens to make their democratic choices in the public space with best knowledge and free from any manipulation and interference. This is also reiterated in the European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for the digital decade which sets out commitments to ensure that citizens acquire and share the necessary digital skills and competences to engage in the democratic process at all levels, and be protected from disinformation, information manipulation and other forms of harmful content online. | Glavni cilj akcijskega načrta za evropsko demokracijo je državljanom omogočiti, da se v javnem prostoru demokratično odločajo na podlagi najboljšega znanja ter brez kakršne koli manipulacije in vmešavanja. To je ponovljeno tudi v Evropski deklaraciji o digitalnih pravicah in načelih za digitalno desetletje, v kateri so določene zahteve za zagotovitev, da državljani pridobijo in si izmenjujejo potrebne digitalne spretnosti in kompetence za sodelovanje v demokratičnih procesih na vseh ravneh ter da so zaščiteni pred dezinformacijami, manipulacijo z informacijami in drugimi oblikami škodljivih spletnih vsebin. |
| 120 With the strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation and the DSA, the EU has taken important measures to make the online environment more transparent, accountable and safer for citizens. Notably, risks that have any actual or foreseeable negative effects on civic discourse and electoral processes on designated Very Large Online Platforms and Search Engines must be diligently identified, analysed and assessed, and effectively mitigated. The DSA obligations started applying to 19 Very Large Online Platforms and Search Engines at the end of August 2023. In this context, the Commission has been monitoring actions taken by platforms to safeguard the integrity of recent elections, notably in Slovakia, Poland, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, in cooperation with the relevant national authorities. | 120 EU je z okrepljenim kodeksom ravnanja glede dezinformacij in aktom o digitalnih storitvah sprejela pomembne ukrepe za zagotovitev spletnega okolja, ki bo preglednejše, odgovornejše in varnejše za državljane. Zlasti je treba skrbno opredeliti, analizirati in oceniti ter učinkovito ublažiti tveganja, ki imajo dejanske ali predvidljive negativne učinke na družbeni diskurz in volilne procese ter se pojavljajo na platformah, ki so bile določene kot zelo velike spletne platforme, in v iskalnikih. Obveznosti iz akta o digitalnih storitvah so se za 19 zelo velikih spletnih platform in iskalnikov začele uporabljati konec avgusta 2023. V tem okviru Komisija v sodelovanju z ustreznimi nacionalnimi organi spremlja ukrepe, ki so bili v zvezi s platformami sprejeti za zaščito integritete nedavnih volitev, zlasti na Slovaškem, Poljskem, v Luksemburgu in na Nizozemskem. |
| On 25 November 2021, the Commission adopted a package of measures to reinforce democracy and protect the integrity of elections. This includes a flagship legislative proposal on transparency and targeting of political advertising 121 . On 6 November, a political agreement was reached between the European Parliament and the Council on the Regulation on transparency of political advertising. Once it is adopted, the measures will enter into application 18 months after they enter into force 122 . | Komisija je 25. novembra 2021 sprejela sveženj ukrepov za krepitev demokracije in zaščito integritete volitev. Ta sveženj vključuje vodilni zakonodajni predlog o preglednosti in ciljanem političnem oglaševanju 121 . Evropski parlament in Svet sta 6. novembra dosegla politični dogovor o uredbi o preglednosti političnega oglaševanja. Po sprejetju uredbe se bodo ukrepi začeli uporabljati 18 mesecev po začetku veljavnosti 122 . |
| Under these new rules, political adverts will need to be clearly labelled as such and will be required indicate who paid for them, how much, to which elections, referendum or regulatory process they are linked and whether they have been targeted. Further information will be available at transparency notices, accessible from the adverts. Citizens will be able to distinguish messages that seek to shape their political views and decisions. Specific information will need to be provided to the data subject including regarding the parameters being used to target individuals. Targeting and ad delivery techniques will be clearly framed and only be available for online political advertising based on personal data collected from the data subject and subject to consent. Targeting and ad delivery through profiling based on special categories of personal data will be prohibited. This will limit abusive use of personal data to potentially manipulate individuals. All online political ads will be available in an online ad repository. Sponsoring ads from outside the EU will be prohibited three months before elections. | V skladu s temi novimi pravili bo treba politične oglase jasno označiti kot take in navesti, kdo je zanje plačal in koliko, s katerimi volitvami, referendumom ali regulativnim postopkom so povezani ter ali so ciljno usmerjeni. Dodatne informacije bodo na voljo v obvestilih o preglednosti, ki bodo dostopna prek oglasov. Državljani bodo lahko prepoznali sporočila, katerih namen je vplivati na njihova politična stališča in odločitve. Posamezniku, na katerega se nanašajo osebni podatki, bo treba zagotoviti specifične informacije, vključno z informacijami o parametrih, ki se uporabljajo za ciljno usmerjanje na posameznike. Tehnike ciljanja in prikazovanja oglasov bodo jasno opredeljene in bodo na voljo le v primeru spletnega političnega oglaševanja, ki temelji na osebnih podatkih, pridobljenih od posameznika, na katerega se nanašajo osebni podatki, na podlagi njegove privolitve. Ciljanje in prikazovanje oglasov s profiliranjem na podlagi posebnih kategorij osebnih podatkov bosta prepovedana. S tem se bo omejilo zlorabljanje osebnih podatkov za morebitno manipulacijo posameznikov. Vsi spletni politični oglasi bodo na voljo v spletnem odložišču oglasov. V treh mesecih pred volitvami bo prepovedano sponzoriranje oglasov iz držav zunaj EU. |
| The Commission also proposed updating the current EU rules on European political parties and foundations 123 . The proposal aims to ensure the financial viability of European political parties, while strengthening the transparency requirements applicable to their sources of funding. It contains measures to cut administrative burdens, modulate the sanctioning regime, and strengthen transparency on gender representation and compliance with EU fundamental values. | Komisija je predlagala tudi posodobitev veljavnih pravil EU o evropskih političnih strankah in fundacijah 123 . Cilj predloga je zagotoviti finančno vzdržnost evropskih političnih strank, hkrati pa okrepiti zahteve glede preglednosti, ki se uporabljajo za njihove vire financiranja. Predlog vsebuje ukrepe za zmanjšanje upravnih bremen, prilagoditev režima sankcij ter povečanje preglednosti na področju zastopanosti spolov in skladnosti s temeljnimi vrednotami EU. |
| The Commission has also continued to work with the Member States through the European Cooperation Network on Elections (ECNE) to facilitate and improve the ability of EU citizens to exercise their voting rights including by supporting the exchange of best practices and mutual assistance to ensure free and fair elections 124 . Member States have expressed their desire to continue and intensify work in the ECNE, and to consider further concrete and practical avenues of cooperation. | Komisija poleg tega še naprej sodeluje z državami članicami v okviru evropske mreže za volilno sodelovanje, da bi se olajšala in izboljšala sposobnost državljanov EU za uveljavljanje volilnih pravic, tudi s podporo izmenjavi dobrih praks in medsebojno pomočjo pri zagotavljanju svobodnih in poštenih volitev 124 . Države članice so navedle, da želijo delo v okviru evropske mreže za volilno sodelovanje nadaljevati in okrepiti ter da nameravajo razmisliti o nadaljnjih konkretnih in praktičnih možnostih glede sodelovanja. |
| This includes a ‘joint mechanism for electoral resilience’ organised and coordinated through the ECNE in close cooperation with the Network and Information Systems (NIS) Cooperation Group and the Rapid Alert System. The mechanism’s primary operational focus has been to support deployment of joint expert teams and expert exchanges with the aim of building resilient electoral processes, in particular in the area of online forensics, disinformation and cybersecurity of elections. It has provided several Member States with support since it started operating in 2022. | To vključuje skupni mehanizem za odpornost volitev, ki ga upravlja in usklajuje evropska mreža za volilno sodelovanje v tesnem sodelovanju s skupino za sodelovanje na področju omrežij in informacijskih sistemov ter sistemom hitrega obveščanja. Glavni operativni poudarek mehanizma je podpiranje napotitev skupnih strokovnih skupin in izmenjav strokovnjakov, da bi se vzpostavili odporni volilni procesi, zlasti na področju spletne forenzike, dezinformacij in kibernetske varnosti volitev. Od leta 2022, ko je začel delovati, je mehanizem podprl več držav članic. |
| Work is ongoing in the framework of the ECNE to support free and fair elections to the European Parliament in 2024. For instance, the ‘joint mechanism for electoral resilience’ was used by the Commission to organise on 21 November 2023 in close cooperation with the European Parliament, the EU Agency for cybersecurity (ENISA) and Member States a table-top exercise to test the Member States' preparedness to respond to cybersecurity incidents capable of affecting the 2024 elections. | V okviru evropske mreže za volilno sodelovanje poteka delo v podporo svobodnim in poštenim volitvam v Evropski parlament leta 2024. Komisija je skupni mehanizem za odpornost volitev na primer uporabila, ko je 21. novembra 2023 v tesnem sodelovanju z Evropskim parlamentom, Agencijo EU za kibernetsko varnost (ENISA) in državami članicami organizirala simulacijsko vajo, da bi preverila pripravljenost držav članic na kibernetske incidente, ki bi lahko vplivali na volitve leta 2024. |
| Moreover, the NIS Cooperation Group established a dedicated work stream on cybersecurity of elections in order to share experiences and provide guidance, as well as an overview of tools, techniques and protocols to detect, prevent, and mitigate threats to electoral processes and technologies. Primary tasks of the work stream include the update of the Compendium on Cyber Security of Election Technology 125 published in 2018. | Poleg tega je skupina za sodelovanje na področju omrežij in informacijskih sistemov vzpostavila posebno delovno enoto za kibernetsko varnost volitev, da bi zagotovila izmenjavo izkušenj ter smernice in pregled orodij, tehnik in protokolov za odkrivanje, preprečevanje in blaženje groženj volilnim procesom in tehnologijam. Primarne naloge delovne enote vključujejo posodobitev Priročnika o kibernetski varnosti volilne tehnologije 125 , objavljenega leta 2018. |
| On 10 June 2021, a joint meeting of the ECNE and the Expert Group on Electoral Matters held an open discussion on supporting the broad and inclusive participation of mobile EU citizens in elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections, including the development and collection of indicators. The ECNE has also held dedicated sessions for instance on practices in e-voting and electronic democratic participation. In addition, ECNE has worked on election accessibility for persons with disabilities. | 10. junija 2021 je na skupnem sestanku evropske mreže za volilno sodelovanje in strokovne skupine za volilne zadeve potekala odprta razprava o podpiranju široke in vključujoče udeležbe mobilnih državljanov EU na volitvah v Evropski parlament in občinskih volitvah, vključno z oblikovanjem in zbiranjem kazalnikov. Evropska mreža za volilno sodelovanje je organizirala tudi posebne seje, na primer o praksah na področju elektronskega glasovanja in elektronske demokratične udeležbe. Ukvarja se tudi z dostopnostjo volitev za invalide. |
| A Compendium of e-voting and other ICT practices and a ‘Guide of good electoral practices in Member States addressing participation of citizens with disabilities in the electoral process’ prepared in close cooperation with the ECNE are also being published as part of the ‘Citizenship Package’, in time for the next elections to the European Parliament in 2024. | V okviru svežnja o državljanstvu sta bila objavljena tudi Priročnik o praksah e-glasovanja in drugih praksah IKT ter Priročnik dobrih volilnih praks o udeležbi invalidov v volilnem procesu v državah članicah, ki sta bila pripravljena v tesnem sodelovanju z evropsko mrežo za volilno sodelovanje, in sicer pred naslednjimi volitvami v Evropski parlament leta 2024. |
| As announced in the ‘EU Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication, the Commission organised a high-level event on elections 126 , addressing topics such as political campaigning, interference, disinformation, protection of election-related infrastructure and the resilience of the entities operating it, ways to empower citizens to participate in the democratic process as voters and candidates, and inclusive democracy. The event, which took place on 23 and 24 October 2023, provided a unique opportunity for Member States to engage in discussions and exchange ideas and best practices to strengthen electoral processes in the run-up to the 2024 elections to the European Parliament. | Kot je bilo napovedano v poročilu o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020, je Komisija organizirala dogodek na visoki ravni o volitvah 126 , na katerem so bile obravnavane teme, kot so politične kampanje, vmešavanje, dezinformacije, zaščita volilne infrastrukture in odpornosti subjektov, ki jo upravljajo, načini za spodbujanje državljanov k udeležbi v demokratičnem procesu v vlogi volivcev in kandidatov ter vključujoča demokracija. Dogodek, ki je potekal 23. in 24. oktobra 2023, je bil za države članice enkratna priložnost, da se v času pred volitvami v Evropski parlament leta 2024 vključijo v razprave ter si izmenjajo zamisli in dobre prakse glede krepitve volilnih procesov. |
| On 16 September 2022, the Commission proposed a new European Media Freedom Act 127 (the Act), a new set of rules to strengthen the operation of the internal market for media services and protect media pluralism and independence in the EU. The proposed regulation 128 includes safeguards against political interference in editorial decisions and against surveillance, among other measures. It focuses on the independence and stable funding of public-service media, and on the transparency of media ownership and of the allocation of state advertising. It also sets out measures to protect the independence of editors and disclose conflicts of interest. Finally, the Act aims to address the issue of media concentrations and to create a new independent European Board for Media Services, comprised of national media authorities. | Komisija je 16. septembra 2022 predlagala nov evropski akt o svobodi medijev 127 (v nadaljnjem besedilu: akt), tj. nov sklop pravil za okrepitev delovanja notranjega trga medijskih storitev ter zaščito pluralnosti in neodvisnosti medijev v EU. Predlagana uredba 128 med drugim vključuje zaščitne ukrepe proti političnemu vmešavanju v uredniške odločitve in nadzoru. Osredotoča se na neodvisnost in stabilno financiranje javnih medijev ter preglednost lastništva medijev in dodeljevanja državnih oglaševalskih sredstev. Poleg tega določa ukrepe za zaščito uredniške neodvisnosti in razkritje nasprotij interesov. Akt obravnava tudi vprašanje koncentracije medijev ter ustanavlja nov, neodvisen evropski odbor za medijske storitve, sestavljen iz nacionalnih organov za medije. |
| The Commission is preparing a set of initiatives on the ‘Defence of Democracy’ to support common EU standards in addressing specific threats and encouraging inclusive civic engagement and citizen participation in our democracies, building on the European Democracy Action Plan. The legislative initiative under the Defence of Democracy package would introduce common transparency and accountability standards in the internal market for interest representation activities seeking to influence the decision-making process in the EU and carried out on behalf of third countries. The package should also include – in form of a Commission Recommendation – a dedicated initiative to foster an enabling civic space and promote the inclusive and effective participation of citizens and civil society organisations in the public policy making processes. At the same time, a Recommendation on inclusive and resilient electoral processes should be added to the package to promote high standards on European and other elections and referenda at national level. These proposed measures are beneficial at all institutional levels and for all democratic processes. | Komisija na podlagi akcijskega načrta za evropsko demokracijo pripravlja sklop pobud za obrambo demokracije, da bi podprla skupne standarde EU pri obravnavanju specifičnih groženj ter spodbujanju vključujočega državljanskega udejstvovanja in udeležbe v naših demokracijah. Z zakonodajno pobudo v okviru svežnja za obrambo demokracije bi bili uvedeni skupni standardi glede preglednosti in odgovornosti na notranjem trgu v zvezi z dejavnostmi zastopanja interesov, katerih namen je vplivati na proces odločanja v EU in ki se izvajajo v imenu tretjih držav. Sveženj bi moral v obliki priporočila Komisije vključevati tudi posebno pobudo za krepitev spodbudnega državljanskega prostora ter spodbujanje vključujočega in učinkovitega sodelovanja državljanov in organizacij civilne družbe v procesih oblikovanja javnih politik. V sveženj bi bilo treba vključiti tudi priporočilo o vključujočih in odpornih volilnih procesih, da bi se v zvezi z evropskimi in drugimi volitvami ter referendumi na nacionalni ravni spodbujali visoki standardi. Ti predlagani ukrepi so koristni na vseh institucionalnih ravneh in za vse demokratične procese. |
| Increasing citizens’ involvement at all stages of the democratic process is also key for European democracy. The Conference on the Future of Europe, held from April 2021 to May 2022, was a major pan-European deliberative democracy exercise. The Commission was one of the EU institutions to have supported the organisation of the Conference on the Future of Europe and is committed to its follow-up. | Za evropsko demokracijo je ključnega pomena tudi krepitev sodelovanja državljanov v vseh fazah demokratičnega procesa. Konferenca o prihodnosti Evrope, ki je potekala od aprila 2021 do maja 2022, je bila pomembna ponazoritev vseevropske posvetovalne demokracije. Komisija je bila ena od institucij EU, ki je podprla organizacijo Konference o prihodnosti Evrope, in je zavezana izvajanju ukrepov na podlagi njenih rezultatov. |
| In a Communication published in June 2022 129 , the Commission committed to embedding participatory and deliberative processes in key moments and areas of its policymaking, with the European Citizens’ Panels 130 becoming a ‘regular feature of our democratic life’. Citizens’ Reports inform the Commission ahead of the adoption of each initiative and the recommendations are an integral part of each package. Over the course of 2022 and 2023, three Citizens’ Panels were organised to harness citizens’ insights on how to step up action to reduce food waste which informed the proposal to revise the Waste Framework Directive by introducing legally binding food waste reduction targets, the Communication on virtual worlds and the Council recommendation on learning mobility. The Panels completed their deliberations in April 2023. | Komisija se je v sporočilu, objavljenem junija 2022 129 , zavezala, da bo participativne in posvetovalne postopke vključila v ključne trenutke in področja oblikovanja svojih politik, pri čemer bodo evropski državljanski forumi 130 postali „redna značilnost našega demokratičnega življenja“. Poročila državljanov Komisiji zagotavljajo informacije pred sprejetjem posameznih pobud, priporočila pa so sestavni del vsakega svežnja. V letih 2022 in 2023 so bili organizirani trije državljanski forumi, namenjeni zbiranju stališč državljanov o tem, kako okrepiti ukrepe za zmanjšanje količine odpadne hrane, ki so bila uporabljena pri pripravi predloga glede revizije okvirne direktive o odpadkih z uvedbo pravno zavezujočih ciljev za zmanjšanje količine odpadne hrane, sporočila o virtualnih svetovih in priporočila Sveta o učni mobilnosti. Razprave v okviru forumov so se zaključile aprila 2023. |
| Following up on the Conference, the Commission is also developing a revamped ‘Have Your Say’ portal as a one-stop-shop for online citizens’ engagement. The new portal is the gateway to the Commission’s public online consultations, the European citizens’ initiatives and to a new interactive platform, where citizens can share their views and ideas about EU policies and EU laws. | Komisija v okviru nadaljnjih ukrepov po Konferenci tudi prenavlja portal Povejte svoje mnenje, ki bo služil kot enotna kontaktna točka za državljansko udejstvovanje. Novi portal je točka dostopa do javnih spletnih posvetovanj Komisije, evropskih državljanskih pobud in nove interaktivne platforme, na kateri lahko državljani delijo svoja mnenja in zamisli o politikah in zakonodaji EU. |
| The EU Youth Dialogue (EUYD), supported by the Erasmus+ programme, has been instrumental in fostering young people’s participation in decision-making processes and in developing public policies through consultations and exchanges. It is a flagship instrument of the EU Youth Strategy, which also came to the forefront in the 2022 European Year of Youth. The Council Resolution (15 May 2023) on the Outcomes of the 9th Cycle of the EUYD, under the title ‘Engaging Together for a Sustainable and Inclusive Europe’, manifests the commitment to ensuring quality and continuity in the dialogue and to feeding its outcomes into policymaking at all levels. The 10th cycle of the EUYD will run under the Spain-Belgium-Hungary Presidency Trio from July 2023 to June 2024 and will focus on European Youth Goal #3 ‘Inclusive Societies’. A Communication on the European Year of Youth legacy is planned for the end of 2023. | Mladinski dialog EU, ki ga podpira program Erasmus+, je ključnega pomena pri spodbujanju vključevanja mladih v procese odločanja in oblikovanja javnih politik na podlagi posvetovanj in izmenjav. Gre za vodilni instrument strategije EU za mlade, ki je prišel v ospredje tudi v evropskem letu mladih 2022. V resoluciji Sveta (z dne 15. maja 2023) o rezultatih devetega cikla mladinskega dialoga EU, naslovljenega Engaging Together for a Sustainable and Inclusive Europe (Skupaj za trajnostno in vključujočo Evropo), je izražena zavezanost zagotavljanju kakovostnega in neprekinjenega dialoga ter uporabi njegovih rezultatov pri oblikovanju politik na vseh ravneh. Deseti cikel mladinskega dialoga EU bo od julija 2023 do junija 2024 potekal pod predsedstvom trojice Španija, Belgija in Madžarska ter bo osredotočen na evropski cilj mladih št. 3 – vključujoče družbe. Sporočilo o rezultatih evropskega leta mladih naj bi bilo pripravljeno konec leta 2023. |
| The renewed Resolution on the EU Youth Strategy for 2019-2027 131 recognises the need to ‘Encourage young people to become active citizens, agents of solidarity and positive change for communities across Europe, inspired by EU values and a European identity’ as one of its key objectives. In line with this goal, Erasmus+ and the European Solidarity Corps, the two flagship EU programmes supporting youth, continue to strengthen European identity and active citizenship among young people through relevant volunteering, educational and professional activities. | V prenovljeni resoluciji o strategiji EU za mlade za obdobje 2019–2027 131 je kot eden od ključnih ciljev priznana potreba po spodbujanju mladih, da postanejo aktivni državljani, zagovorniki solidarnosti in prinašalci pozitivnih sprememb v skupnostih po vsej Evropi, navdihnjeni z vrednotami EU in evropsko identiteto. Erasmus+ in evropska solidarnostna enota, vodilna programa EU v podporo mladim, v skladu s tem ciljem med mladimi še naprej krepita evropsko identiteto in aktivno državljanstvo v okviru ustreznih prostovoljnih, izobraževalnih in poklicnih dejavnosti. |
| As part of the Horizon Europe research and innovation funding programme, various collaborative research projects, which bring together academia and stakeholders in the field are starting to collect evidence to improve the connection between citizens and democratic institutions. Under the Work Programmes 2021-2022 and 2023-2024, funds are dedicated to developing recommendations that support EU institutions and national decision-makers to improve impact policy making in this area and to foster more inclusive and representative models of citizen engagement. This research is funded in the ground of other Horizon 2020 projects that have supported projects on participatory and deliberative democracy. | V okviru programa za financiranje raziskav in inovacij Obzorje Evropa se v različnih skupnih raziskovalnih projektih, ki združujejo akademske kroge in deležnike z zadevnega področja, začenjajo zbirati dokazi za izboljšanje povezanosti med državljani in demokratičnimi institucijami. V delovnih programih za obdobji 2021–2022 in 2023–2024 je predvideno financiranje priprave priporočil, ki institucijam EU in nacionalnim nosilcem odločanja pomagajo pri izboljševanju oblikovanja učinkovitih politik na tem področju ter spodbujanju bolj vključujočih in reprezentativnih modelov državljanskega udejstvovanja. Ta raziskava se financira v okviru drugih projektov programa Obzorje 2020, ki podpirajo projekte, povezane s participativno in posvetovalno demokracijo. |
| In addition to these efforts specifically dedicated to research to increase citizen participation in decision-making processes, the Horizon programs are also starting to fund projects that can provide the competent EU bodies with the tools to improve the EU response to disinformation campaigns and actions of Foreign Interference and Manipulation of Information (FIMI) 132 . | Poleg teh prizadevanj, ki so posebej usmerjena v raziskave, namenjene povečanju sodelovanja državljanov v procesih odločanja, se v okviru programa Obzorje Evropa začenjajo tudi financirati projekti, ki lahko pristojnim organom EU zagotovijo orodja za izboljšanje odziva EU na dezinformacijske kampanje ter tuje vmešavanje in manipulacijo z informacijami 132 . |
| Lastly, election observation is a good way to engage citizens with the electoral process, and to improve public trust in free and fair elections. The Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values (CERV) programme, which was launched in 2021 and will run until 2027, seeks to support and develop open, rights-based, democratic, equal and inclusive societies based on the rule of law. Under the ‘citizens’ engagement and participation’ strand, the CERV work programme for 2023-2024 provides funding, among other activities, for independent election observation activities, including monitoring by citizens. Under the ‘Union Values’ strand, the Commission may also support independent election observation by funding capacity building for civil society organisations active in this area. | Nazadnje, opazovanje volitev je dober način za vključevanje državljanov v volilni proces ter za krepitev zaupanja javnosti v svobodne in poštene volitve. Cilj programa Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote, ki se je začel izvajati leta 2021 in se bo izvajal do leta 2027, je podpreti in oblikovati odprte, na pravicah temelječe, demokratične, enakopravne in vključujoče družbe, ki temeljijo na pravni državi. Delovni program v zvezi s programom Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote za obdobje 2023–2024 v okviru sklopa „Udeležba in sodelovanje državljanov“ med drugim zagotavlja financiranje dejavnosti neodvisnega opazovanja volitev, vključno s spremljanjem, ki ga izvajajo državljani. V okviru sklopa „Vrednote Unije“ lahko Komisija neodvisno opazovanje volitev podpre tudi s financiranjem krepitve zmogljivosti organizacij civilne družbe, ki delujejo na tem področju. |
| 7.3.Case law developments | 7.3.Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| In EP v Préfet du Gers and Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) 133 , the Court held that, since the entry into force of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement (1 February 2020), United Kingdom nationals are treated as non-EU nationals and are not guaranteed the right to vote or stand as candidates in municipal elections in their Member State of residence. To this effect, the loss of voting rights in the Member State of nationality has no bearing on this conclusion 134 . | Sodišče je v zadevi EP proti Préfet du Gers in Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) 133 Sodišče odločilo, da se državljani Združenega kraljestva od začetka veljavnosti sporazuma o izstopu Združenega kraljestva iz EU (1. februarja 2020) obravnavajo kot državljani tretjih držav in posledično nimajo pravice voliti oziroma biti voljeni na občinskih volitvah v državi članici prebivanja. Pri tem izguba volilne pravice v državi članici državljanstva ne vpliva na ta sklep 134 . |
| 8.Right to protection by diplomatic or consular authorities (Articles 20(2)(c) and 23 TFEU) | 8.Pravica do zaščite diplomatskih ali konzularnih organov (člen 20(2), točka (c), in člen 23 PDEU) |
| 8.1.Introduction | 8.1.Uvod |
| Under Articles 20(2)(c) and 23 TFEU, EU citizens have the right to be protected by diplomatic and consular authorities of any other Member State under the same conditions as that state’s nationals when they are in a non-EU country in which their Member State of origin does not have representation. This right is an expression of the external dimension of EU citizenship, a manifestation of Member States’ solidarity, and strengthens the identity of the EU in non-EU countries. It protects EU citizens who find themselves in difficulty abroad. Its importance is most clearly felt in the context of large-scale crisis situations, natural or caused by human activity, which may require urgent relief and repatriation of large numbers of EU citizens. | V skladu s členom 20(2), točka (c), in členom 23 PDEU imajo državljani EU v tretji državi, v kateri njihova matična država članica nima predstavništva, pravico do zaščite diplomatskih in konzularnih organov katere koli države članice pod enakimi pogoji, kakršni veljajo za državljane te države. Ta pravica je izraz zunanje razsežnosti državljanstva EU in pokazatelj solidarnosti držav članic ter krepi identiteto EU v tretjih državah. Varuje državljane EU, ki se v tujini znajdejo v težavah. Njen pomen je najopaznejši v primeru obsežnih kriznih razmer, ki jih povzročijo naravne sile ali človeške dejavnosti, zaradi česar sta morda potrebni nujna pomoč in repatriacija večjega števila državljanov EU. |
| According to the 2023 Eurobarometer on Citizenship and democracy, 69% of EU citizens are aware of this right. A large majority of respondents (93%) agree that EU Member States should cooperate closely to help EU citizens who need consular protection outside the EU. A similar proportion (91%) agree that, if they were in a non-EU country where their national government had no consulate or embassy and they needed help, they would seek support from an EU Delegation instead. | Raziskava Eurobarometer o državljanstvu in demokraciji iz leta 2023 je razkrila, da je s to pravico seznanjenih 69 % državljanov EU. Velika večina vprašanih (93 %) se strinja, da bi morale države članice EU tesno sodelovati pri zagotavljanju pomoči državljanom EU, ki potrebujejo konzularno zaščito zunaj EU. Podoben delež (91 %) se strinja, da bi se, če bi bili v tretji državi, v kateri njihova nacionalna vlada nima konzulata ali veleposlaništva, in bi potrebovali pomoč, obrnili na delegacijo EU. |
| 8.2.Policy developments | 8.2.Novosti na področju politike |
| As explained above, the Commission is adopting a proposal to amend the Consular Protection Directive as part of the Citizenship Package 135 . | Kot je pojasnjeno zgoraj, je Komisija v okviru svežnja o državljanstvu sprejela predlog glede spremembe direktive o konzularni zaščiti 135 . |
| As indicated in the last progress Report under Article 25 TFEU, in June 2019 the Council adopted a Directive establishing an EU Emergency Travel Document 136 . The Directive introduced a new, more secure EU Emergency Travel Document format and simplified the formalities for unrepresented EU citizens in non-EU countries whose passport or travel document has been lost, stolen or destroyed. After the adoption of the necessary technical specifications in December 2022 137 , Member States are currently transposing the Directive into national law and will apply it as of December 2025. | Kot je navedeno v zadnjem poročilu o napredku v skladu s členom 25 PDEU, je Svet junija 2019 sprejel direktivo o vzpostavitvi potne listine EU za vrnitev 136 . Z direktivo je bila uvedena nova, varnejša oblika potne listine EU za vrnitev, poleg tega pa so bile poenostavljene formalnosti za državljane EU brez predstavništva v tretjih državah, katerih potni list ali potna listina je bila izgubljena, ukradena ali uničena. Decembra 2022 so bile sprejete potrebne tehnične specifikacije 137 , države članice pa Direktivo trenutno prenašajo v nacionalno zakonodajo in jo bodo začele uporabljati decembra 2025. |
| 8.3.Case law developments | 8.3.Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| No major decisions on this subject were issued during the reporting period. | Pomembnejše odločbe na to temo v obdobju poročanja niso bile izdane. |
| 9.Right to petition the European Parliament and to address the European Ombudsman (Articles 20(2)(d) and 24(2), (3) and (4) TFEU) | 9.Pravica državljanov Unije, da na Evropski parlament naslovijo peticije in se obrnejo na evropskega varuha človekovih pravic (člen 20(2), točka (d), ter člen 24(2), (3) in (4) PDEU) |
| 9.1.Introduction | 9.1.Uvod |
| Articles 20(2)(d) and 24(2), (3) and (4) TFEU refer to rights entitling EU citizens to address the EU institutions, including the right to petition the European Parliament and the right to address the European Ombudsman. Every EU citizen is entitled to write to any of the institutions, bodies, offices or agencies in any of the EU’s official languages 138 , and to receive an answer in the same language. | Člen 20(2), točka (d), ter člen 24(2), (3) in (4) PDEU se nanašata na pravice državljanov EU, da se obrnejo na institucije EU, vključno s pravico, da na Evropski parlament naslovijo peticijo, in pravico, da se obrnejo na evropskega varuha človekovih pravic. Vsak državljan EU ima pravico, da kateri koli instituciji, organu, uradu ali agenciji piše v katerem koli uradnem jeziku EU 138 in prejme odgovor v istem jeziku. |
| According to the 2023 Eurobarometer on citizenship and democracy, 84% of EU citizens are aware that they have the right to make a complaint to the European Commission, the European Parliament or the European Ombudsman. | Po podatkih iz raziskave Eurobarometer o državljanstvu in demokraciji za leto 2023 84 % državljanov EU ve, da imajo pravico pritožiti se Evropski komisiji, Evropskem parlamentu ali evropskem varuhu človekovih pravic. |
| 9.2.Right to petition the European Parliament | 9.2.Pravica naslavljanja peticij na Evropski parlament |
| Under Article 24(2) and 227 TFEU, any EU citizen and any natural or legal person residing or having its registered office in a Member State has the right to petition to the European Parliament, in any of the EU’s official languages, on EU matters that affect them and to receive a reply in the same language. In order to be admissible, petitions must concern matters which fall within the EU’s fields of activity and which affect the petitioners directly. | V skladu s členom 24(2) in členom 227 PDEU imajo vsi državljani EU in vse fizične ali pravne osebe s prebivališčem ali statutarnim sedežem v eni od držav članic pravico, da v katerem koli od uradnih jezikov EU na Evropski parlament naslovijo peticijo o zadevah EU, ki jih zadevajo, in da prejmejo odgovor v istem jeziku. Da bi bile peticije dopustne, se morajo nanašati na vprašanja, ki spadajo na področje delovanja EU in neposredno zadevajo vlagatelje peticij. |
| In 2021 139 , the European Parliament Committee on Petitions received 1 392 petitions, around half of the number received in 2013 (2 891) and 2014 (2 715), when the total number of petitions received reached its peak. The number of petitions submitted in 2021 also represents a decrease of 11.5 % compared to the 1 573 petitions submitted in 2020 but a slight increase of 2.5 % compared to the 1 357 petitions submitted in 2019. Of the petitions submitted in 2021, 368 were declared inadmissible and 17 were withdrawn. The Committee on Petitions held 12 committee meetings, at which 159 petitions were discussed with 113 petitioners present remotely 140 . | V letu 2021 139 je Odbor Evropskega parlamenta za peticije prejel 1 392 peticij, kar je približno polovica peticij, prejetih v letih 2013 (2 891) in 2014 (2 715), ko je bilo skupno število prejetih peticij najvišje. Število peticij, vloženih leta 2021, se je v primerjavi z letom 2020, ko je bilo vloženih 1 573 peticij, zmanjšalo za 11,5 %, v primerjavi z letom 2019, ko je bilo vloženih 1 357 peticij, pa rahlo povečalo, in sicer za 2,5 %. Od peticij, vloženih leta 2021, jih je bilo 368 razglašenih za nedopustne, 17 peticij pa je bilo umaknjenih. Odbor za peticije je imel 12 sej odbora, na katerih je razpravljal o 159 peticijah, pri čemer je bilo na daljavo prisotnih 113 vlagateljev peticij 140 . |
| Of the petitions received in 2021, 78.6% were submitted via the European Parliament’s Petitions Web Portal. The number of users supporting one or more petitions on this portal was 209 272, a very sizeable increase from the 48 882 users recorded in 2020 141 . | Od vseh peticij, prejetih leta 2021, jih je bilo 78,6 % vloženih prek spletnega portala Evropskega parlamenta za peticije. Na tem portalu je eno ali več peticij podprlo 209 272 uporabnikov, kar je veliko več kot leta 2020, ko je bilo zabeleženih 48 882 uporabnikov 141 . |
| As in previous years, the main subjects for petitions were the environment (biodiversity and nature) and health. Among the health-related petitions, 17.3% concerned the COVID-19 pandemic. This included petitions on the impact of Member States’ COVID-19 emergency measures on freedom of movement, and on the implementation of the EU Digital COVID Certificate 142 (see also Section 6.2.3). | Tako kot v prejšnjih letih sta bili glavni temi peticij okolje (biotska raznovrstnost in narava) in zdravje. 17,3 % peticij, povezanih z zdravjem, se je nanašalo na pandemijo COVID-19. Med njimi so bile tudi peticije o vplivu izrednih ukrepov, ki so jih države članice sprejele v zvezi s pandemijo COVID-19, na svobodo gibanja in o uporabi digitalnega COVID potrdila EU 142 (glej tudi oddelek 6.2.3). |
| Between 2021 and 2023, the European Parliament requested that the Commission provide information on 1 471 petitions 143 . | Evropski parlament je Komisijo med letoma 2021 in 2023 prosil za informacije v zvezi s 1 471 peticijami 143 . |
| 9.3.Right to address the European Ombudsman | 9.3.Pravica državljanov Unije, da se obrnejo na evropskega varuha človekovih pravic |
| Under Article 24(3) TFEU, EU citizens have a right to address the European Ombudsman, which deals with citizens’ complaints about EU institutions, bodies and agencies. Problems range from a lack of transparency in decision-making and refusal to allow access to documents to violations of fundamental rights. In 2020-2022, the Ombudsman’s office handled 6 552 complaints, around 2 212 of which fell within its remit, and opened 1 041 inquiries 144 . | V skladu s členom 24(3) PDEU imajo državljani EU pravico, da se obrnejo na evropskega varuha človekovih pravic, ki obravnava pritožbe državljanov o institucijah, organih in agencijah EU. Težave zajemajo vse od nepreglednega odločanja in zavrnitev dostopa do dokumentov do kršitev temeljnih pravic. V obdobju 2020–2022 je urad varuhinje človekovih pravic obravnaval 6 552 pritožb, od katerih je približno 2 212 spadalo v pristojnost varuhinje, in začel 1 041 preiskav 144 . |
| Compliance with the Ombudsman’s suggestions increased from 77% in 2018 to 79% in 2019 to 81% in 2020 but decreased again to 79% in 2021. The Ombudsman’s office helped over 57 427 citizens in the three-year period, by opening inquiries, answering requests for information and giving advice via its interactive online guide 145 . | Delež varuhinjinih predlogov, ki so bili upoštevani, je leta 2018 znašal 77 %, se leta 2019 povečal na 79 %, leta 2020 na 81 %, leta 2021 pa se ponovno zmanjšal, in sicer na 79 %. V triletnem obdobju je Urad evropskega varuha človekovih pravic pomagal več kot 57 427 državljanom s tem, da je začel opravljati poizvedbe, odgovarjal na zahteve po informacijah in dajal nasvete prek svojega interaktivnega spletnega vodnika 145 . |
| This core work of handling complaints was supplemented by strategic own-initiative inquiries, aimed at helping as many citizens as possible by examining issues which appeared to be systemic, rather than one-off. In 2020-2022, the Ombudsman’s office opened 15 own-initiative inquiries. | To glavno delo v zvezi z obravnavo pritožb so dopolnile strateške poizvedbe na lastno pobudo, ki naj bi koristile čim več državljanom in v okviru katerih so se proučila vprašanja, za katera se je zdelo, da so sistemska in ne enkratna. V obdobju 2020–2022 je Urad varuha človekovih pravic začel 15 preiskav na lastno pobudo. |
| 9.4.Case law developments | 9.4.Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| No decisions on this subject were issued during the reporting period. | Odločbe na to temo v obdobju poročanja niso bile izdane. |
| 10.European Citizens’ Initiative (Article 24 TFEU; Article 11(4) TEU) | 10.Evropska državljanska pobuda (člen 24 PDEU in člen 11(4) PEU) |
| 10.1.Introduction | 10.1.Uvod |
| The European Citizens’ Initiative was introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon and operational since 2012. It is part of EU citizenship rights and an important instrument for participatory democracy in the EU. Article 24 TFEU and Article 11(4) TEU, first implemented by Regulation 211/2011/EU 146 , allow at least one million citizens from at least seven Member States to ask the Commission to submit a proposal for a legal act that implements the EU Treaties. | Evropska državljanska pobuda je bila uvedena z Lizbonsko pogodbo in se izvaja od leta 2012. Je del pravic iz državljanstva EU in pomemben instrument participativne demokracije v EU. Člen 24 PDEU in člen 11(4) PEU, ki sta bila prvič izvedena z Uredbo (EU) št. 211/2011 146 , vsaj milijon državljanom iz vsaj sedmih držav članic omogočata, da Komisijo zaprosijo za predložitev predloga pravnega akta v zvezi z izvajanjem Pogodb EU. |
| According to the 2023 Eurobarometer on citizenship and democracy, 64% of EU citizens are aware of their right to participate in a European citizens’ initiative. | Po podatkih iz raziskave Eurobarometer o državljanstvu in demokraciji iz leta 2023 se svoje pravice do sodelovanja v evropski državljanski pobudi zaveda 64 % državljanov EU. |
| 10.2. Policy developments | 10.2. Novosti na področju politike |
| In parallel to this report, the Commission is also adopting a Report on the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/788 on the European citizens’ initiative, taking stock of the functioning of the European Citizens’ Initiative and summarising follow-up on the successful initiatives the Commission has replied to since 2020. The report also announces several practical improvements within the existing legal framework aimed at further enhancing the functioning and visibility of the European Citizens’ Initiative and its impact on EU policies. | Komisija poleg tega poročila sprejema tudi poročilo o uporabi Uredbe (EU) 2019/788 o evropski državljanski pobudi, ki vsebuje pregled delovanja evropske državljanske pobude in povzetek nadaljnjih ukrepov v zvezi z uspešnimi pobudami, na katere je Komisija odgovorila od leta 2020. V poročilu je napovedanih tudi več praktičnih izboljšav v okviru obstoječega pravnega okvira, katerih cilj je dodatno izboljšati delovanje in prepoznavnost evropske državljanske pobude ter njen vpliv na politike EU. |
| The new European Citizens’ Initiative Regulation 147 (ECI Regulation) that has applied since January 2020 simplified the rules, making it easier to run or support European citizens’ initiatives. The new rules introduce the central online collection system. This system, offered free of charge by the Commission, relieves organisers of the burden of setting up their own collection system and the data protection responsibilities that come with processing the personal data of online supporters. However, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the functioning of the European Citizens’ Initiative during the first years in which the new rules applied. The temporary measures adopted by the co-legislators on 15 July 2020 148 limited the impact of the pandemic on ongoing initiatives, by extending the collection periods for those initiatives by up to 12 months. | Nova uredba o evropski državljanski pobudi 147 (v nadaljnjem besedilu: uredba o evropski državljanski pobudi), ki se uporablja od januarja 2020, je poenostavila pravila in olajšala izvajanje oziroma podpiranje evropskih državljanskih pobud. Z novimi pravili je bil uveden centralni sistem spletnega zbiranja. Ta sistem, ki ga Komisija ponuja brezplačno, organizatorje razbremenjuje potrebe po vzpostavitvi lastnega sistema zbiranja in odgovornosti za varstvo podatkov, ki so povezane z obdelavo osebnih podatkov spletnih podpornikov. Vendar je bilo delovanje evropske državljanske pobude v prvih letih uporabe novih pravil močno ovirano zaradi pandemije COVID-19. Začasni ukrepi, ki sta jih sozakonodajalca sprejela 15. julija 2020 148 in v okviru katerih so bila obdobja zbiranja v zvezi s tekočimi pobudami podaljšana za največ 12 mesecev, so omejili vpliv pandemije na te pobude. |
| Since 2020, the Commission has registered 37 initiatives; only one request for registration had to be refused for not meeting the criteria set out in the ECI Regulation. Overall, 107 initiatives have been registered since the launch of the European Citizens’ Initiative. Since 2020, six initiatives were submitted to the Commission for examination after collecting over 1 million valid statements of support from across the EU. The Commission replied to five of these initiatives, and a sixth reply should be adopted by mid-December 2023. This will bring the total number of replies to initiatives to ten. | Komisija je od leta 2020 potrdila prijavo 37 pobud; zavrniti je bilo treba le eno zahtevo za prijavo, ker pobuda ni izpolnjevala meril iz uredbe o evropski državljanski pobudi. Od uvedbe evropske državljanske pobude je bilo skupaj prijavljenih 107 pobud. Od leta 2020 je bilo Komisiji v proučitev predloženih šest pobud, potem ko je bilo zbranih več kot milijon veljavnih izjav o podpori iz vse EU. Komisija je odgovorila na pet pobud, šesti odgovor pa naj bi bil pripravljen do sredine decembra 2023. S tem se bo skupno število odgovorov na pobude povečalo na deset. |
| 10.3. Case law developments | 10.3. Novosti na področju sodne prakse |
| Since 2020, only a very limited number of cases involving European citizens’ initiatives have been brought to the General Court. No new cases concerning refused registrations have been brought to court by organisers. This can be attributed to the improvements to the registration procedure introduced by the new European Citizens’ Initiative Regulation, as a result of which only one registration request had to be refused on grounds that the Commission did not have the competence to propose a legal act in that area 149 . The only cases in which Commission refusals have been challenged in the last few years concerned refusal decisions adopted under the previous Regulation (EU) 211/2011 150 . | Od leta 2020 je bilo Splošnemu sodišču predloženih zelo malo zadev, ki so se nanašale na evropske državljanske pobude. Organizatorji sodišču niso predložili nobene nove zadeve v zvezi z zavrnjenimi zahtevami za prijavo. To je mogoče pripisati izboljšanju postopka prijave, ki je bilo uvedeno z novo uredbo o evropski državljanski pobudi in zaradi katerega je bilo treba zavrniti le eno zahtevo za prijavo, ker Komisija ni bila pristojna za predlaganje pravnega akta na zadevnem področju 149 . Edini primeri, v katerih so bile v zadnjih nekaj letih zavrnitve Komisije izpodbijane, so se nanašali na sklepe o zavrnitvi, sprejete na podlagi prejšnje Uredbe (EU) št. 211/2011 150 . |
| Since 2020, one Commission’s reply to a successful initiative has been challenged before court. In case Minority SafePack v. European Commission 151 , European citizens’ initiative organisers brought an action for annulment against the Commission’s Communication refusing to take the action requested in the European citizens’ initiative entitled ‘Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe’. In its judgment of 9 November 2022, the General Court held that the Commission complied with its obligation to state reasons when considering that no additional legal act was necessary to achieve the objectives pursued by the initiative, given the initiatives already undertaken by the EU institutions in the areas covered by the initiative and the Commission’s monitoring of their implementation. On 21 January 2023, the organisers lodged an appeal against this judgment of the General Court. | Od leta 2020 je bil na sodišču izpodbijan en odgovor Komisije na uspešno pobudo. V zadevi Minority SafePack proti Evropski komisiji 151 so organizatorji evropske državljanske pobude vložili ničnostno tožbo zoper sporočilo Komisije, v katerem je ta navedla, da ne bo ukrepala v skladu z zahtevami iz evropske državljanske pobude Zaščita manjšin – milijon podpisov za raznolikost Evrope. Splošno sodišče je v sodbi z dne 9. novembra 2022 ugotovilo, da je Komisija izpolnila svojo obveznost obrazložitve, ko je navedla, da za uresničitev ciljev pobude ni treba sprejeti dodatnega pravnega akta, saj so institucije EU že sprejele pobude na področjih, ki jih zajema zadevna pobuda, Komisija pa spremlja njihovo izvajanje. Organizatorji so se 21. januarja 2023 zoper to sodbo Splošnega sodišča pritožili. |
| 11.Conclusions | 11.Sklepne ugotovitve |
| Since the last progress Report under Article 25 TFEU and the accompanying ‘EU Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication, many Commission initiatives have achieved meaningful advances for the rights of EU citizens. The security of EU citizens’ identity cards and residence documents has been strengthened, and the EU Digital Identity Wallet will further simplify citizens everyday lives. In addition, the EU Digital COVID Certificate facilitated the exercise of free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Commission has also adopted initiatives to address the difficulties faced by mobile EU citizens seeking to exercise their right to vote and stand as candidates in elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections and has made it easier to run or support European Citizens’ Initiatives. | Od zadnjega poročila o napredku v skladu s členom 25 PDEU in spremljajočega poročila o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 je bil s številnimi pobudami Komisije na področju pravic državljanov EU dosežen pomemben napredek. Varnost osebnih izkaznic in dokumentov za prebivanje državljanov EU je okrepljena, vsakdanje življenje državljanov pa bo dodatno poenostavila evropska denarnica za digitalno identiteto. Poleg tega je digitalno COVID potrdilo EU olajšalo izvajanje prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19. Komisija je sprejela tudi pobude za odpravo težav, s katerimi se srečujejo mobilni državljani EU, ki želijo uveljavljati svojo pravico voliti in biti voljeni na volitvah v Evropski parlament in občinskih volitvah, ter olajšala izvajanje oziroma podpiranje evropskih državljanskih pobud. |
| Moreover, the Commission has worked to step up inclusive democratic processes and ensure equal opportunities in elections, guaranteeing that every citizen can participate in the EU’s democratic life. Building on the European Democracy Action Plan, the Commission adopted a flagship legislative proposal on transparency and targeting of political advertising. The Commission also made progress on increasing citizens’ involvement at all stages of the democratic process, including with the European Citizens’ Panels. | Komisija si je poleg tega prizadevala za krepitev vključujočih demokratičnih procesov ter zagotavljanje enakih možnosti na volitvah in tega, da lahko vsak državljan sodeluje v demokratičnem življenju EU. Na podlagi akcijskega načrta za evropsko demokracijo je sprejela vodilni zakonodajni predlog o preglednosti in ciljanem političnem oglaševanju. Napredek je dosegla tudi pri povečanju udeležbe državljanov v vseh fazah demokratičnega procesa, vključno z evropskimi državljanskimi forumi. |
| In addition, the Commission has continued to work towards achieving a true Union of Equality. It has proposed various new equality and anti-discrimination measures, including on measures on equality bodies, protecting the rights of LGBTIQ people, promoting gender equality and fighting violence against women and domestic violence, ensuring meaningful participation of Roma in society, and addressing racism, antigypsyism, antisemitism and anti-Muslim hatred. The Commission has worked on improving the rights of persons with disabilities by adopting specific tools to support their inclusion. The Commission has continued its efforts to ensure that hate speech and hate crime are criminalised throughout the EU. | Poleg tega si je Komisija še naprej prizadevala za vzpostavitev prave Unije enakosti. Predlagala je različne nove ukrepe na področju enakosti in nediskriminacije, vključno z ukrepi glede organov za enakost, varstva pravic LGBTIQ oseb, spodbujanja enakosti spolov, boja proti nasilju nad ženskami in nasilju v družini, zagotavljanja pomenljive udeležbe Romov v družbi ter obravnave rasizma, anticiganizma, antisemitizma in sovraštva do muslimanov. Komisija si je prizadevala za izboljšanje pravic invalidov s sprejetjem posebnih orodij v podporo njihovemu vključevanju. Še naprej si je prizadevala za inkriminacijo sovražnega govora in kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva po vsej EU. |
| The Citizenship Package that is presented together with this report, will further advance EU citizenship rights. This is a fitting celebration of the 30th anniversary of EU citizenship and will help make citizenship rights more tangible for citizens. | Sveženj o državljanstvu, predstavljen skupaj s tem poročilom, bo dodatno izboljšal uveljavljanje pravic iz državljanstva EU. To je primerno obeležje 30. obletnice državljanstva EU, s katerim se bo med državljani povečala prepoznavnost pravic iz državljanstva. |
| The Commission will continue to monitor and assess the situation in the Member States and act in accordance with the EU Treaties and the case law of the Court of Justice. In view of the upcoming elections to the European Parliament, the Commission will continue to work on the electoral rights of all EU citizens, and their democratic participation. The full enjoyment of all EU citizens’ rights remains a priority for the Commission. | Komisija bo še naprej spremljala in ocenjevala razmere v državah članicah ter ukrepala v skladu s Pogodbama EU in sodno prakso Sodišča. Glede na bližajoče se volitve v Evropski parlament si bo še naprej prizadevala za volilne pravice vseh državljanov EU in njihovo demokratično udeležbo. Polno uživanje pravic vseh državljanov EU ostaja prednostna naloga Komisije. |
| The Commission will continue to work in partnership with other EU institutions, Member States, local and regional authorities, civil society, and citizens themselves, to lay the groundwork for reflections on further work on EU citizenship during the next Commission’s term of office. In 2026, the Commission will adopt another progress report on EU citizenship and the implementation of the measures set out in this report. | Komisija bo še naprej sodelovala z drugimi institucijami EU, državami članicami, lokalnimi in regionalnimi organi, civilno družbo in samimi državljani, da bi pripravila podlago za nadaljnje delo na področju državljanstva EU v svojem naslednjem mandatu. Komisija bo leta 2026 sprejela še eno poročilo o napredku na področju državljanstva EU in izvajanju ukrepov iz tega poročila. |
| (1) | (1) |
| Article 25(1) TFEU provides that ‘The Commission shall report to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the Economic and Social Committee every three years on the application of the provisions of this Part. This report shall take account of the development of the Union’. | V členu 25(1) PDEU je določeno: „Komisija poroča o uporabi določb tega dela Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu in Ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru vsaka tri leta. V tem poročilu mora biti upoštevan razvoj Unije.“ |
| (2) | (2) |
| Flash Eurobarometer 528 on Citizenship and Democracy. | Raziskava Flash Eurobarometer 528 o državljanstvu in demokraciji. |
| (3) | (3) |
| In 2020, the Commission adopted two different Reports on EU citizenship: the ‘EU Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication (Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: EU Citizenship Report 2020 - Empowering citizens and protecting their rights, COM(2020)730 final), and a progress report under Article 25 (Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Under Article 25 TFEU – on Progress towards effective EU Citizenship 2016-2020, COM(2020)731 final). This current report covers in particular the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 August 2023. To the extent possible, it also contains information on policy and/or case law developments after this date. | Komisija je leta 2020 sprejela dve poročili o državljanstvu EU: poročilo o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 (Poročilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Poročilo o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 – Opolnomočenje državljanov in zaščita njihovih pravic (COM(2020) 730 final)) in poročilo o napredku v skladu s členom 25 (Poročilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij v skladu s členom 25 PDEU o napredku na področju dejanskega uveljavljanja državljanstva EU 2016–2020 (COM(2020) 731 final)). To poročilo zajema zlasti obdobje od 1. julija 2020 do 30. avgusta 2023. V največji možni meri vsebuje tudi informacije o novostih na področju politike in/ali sodne prakse po tem obdobju. |
| (4) | (4) |
| A call for evidence was online between 14 June and 12 July 2023 ( https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13699-EU-Citizenship-Report-2023_en ). It received 104 replies, of which 88.46% were from EU citizens and 5.77% from NGOs. | Poziv k predložitvi dokazov je bil na voljo na spletu med 14. junijem in 12. julijem 2023 ( https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13699-Porocilo-o-drzavljanstvu-EU-za-leto-2023_sl ). Prejeti so bili 104 odgovori, pri čemer so 88,46 % odgovorov zagotovili državljani EU, 5,77 % odgovorov pa nevladne organizacije. |
| (5) | (5) |
| See also footnote 3: the ‘EU Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication (Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: EU Citizenship Report 2020 - Empowering citizens and protecting their rights, COM(2020)730 final). | Glej tudi opombo 3: poročilo o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 (Poročilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Poročilo o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 – Opolnomočenje državljanov in zaščita njihovih pravic (COM(2020) 730 final)). |
| (6) | (6) |
| political-guidelines-next-commission_en_0.pdf (europa.eu) | political-guidelines-next-commission_sl_0.pdf (europa.eu) |
| (7) | (7) |
| Council Directive (EU) 2015/637 of 20 April 2015 on the coordination and cooperation measures to facilitate consular protection for unrepresented citizens of the Union in third countries and repealing Decision 95/553/EC (OJ L 106, 24.4.2015, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2015/637/oj ). | Direktiva Sveta (EU) 2015/637 z dne 20. aprila 2015 o ukrepih za usklajevanje in sodelovanje, potrebnih za lažje zagotavljanje konzularne zaščite državljanom Unije brez predstavništva v tretjih državah in o razveljavitvi Sklepa 95/553/ES (UL L 106, 24.4.2015, str. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2015/637/oj ). |
| (8) | (8) |
| COM(2023)930. This proposal also builds on the findings of the Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation and application of Council Directive (EU) 2015/637 of 20 April 2015 on the coordination and cooperation measures to facilitate consular protection for unrepresented citizens of the Union in third countries and repealing Decision 95/553/EC ( COM(2022) 437 final ). | COM(2023) 930 final. Ta predlog temelji tudi na ugotovitvah iz Poročila Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu o izvajanju in uporabi Direktive Sveta (EU) 2015/637 z dne 20. aprila 2015 o ukrepih za usklajevanje in sodelovanje, potrebnih za lažje zagotavljanje konzularne zaščite državljanom Unije brez predstavništva v tretjih državah in o razveljavitvi Sklepa 95/553/ES ( COM(2022) 437 final ). |
| (9) | (9) |
| C 2023 931. | C(2023) 931. |
| (10) | (10) |
| See for example Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Union of Equality: LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025, COM(2020)698 final. | Glej na primer Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Unija enakosti: strategija za enakost LGBTIQ oseb za obdobje 2020–2025 (COM(2020) 698 final). |
| (11) | (11) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Conference on the Future of Europe: Putting Vision into Concrete Action, COM(2022)404 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Evropskemu svetu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Konferenca o prihodnosti Evrope – Uresničevanje vizije s konkretnimi ukrepi (COM(2022) 404 final). |
| (12) | (12) |
| In addition, in its Title V, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights sets out a series of fundamental rights that apply to EU citizens, such as the right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament and in municipal elections, and the right to good administration (Article 39, 40 and 41 of the Charter). These always apply to the EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union and to the Member States when they are applying EU law (Article 51 of the Charter). | Poleg tega je v naslovu V Listine EU o temeljnih pravicah navedena vrsta temeljnih pravic, ki jih imajo državljani EU, kot so pravica voliti in biti voljen na volitvah v Evropski parlament in občinskih volitvah ter pravica do dobrega upravljanja (členi 39, 40 in 41 Listine). Določbe o teh pravicah se vedno uporabljajo za institucije, organe, urade in agencije Unije, za države članice pa takrat, kadar te uporabljajo pravo EU (člen 51 Listine). |
| (13) | (13) |
| https://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer/2023/eu-citizens-in-uk-2023-report-en.pdf | https://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer/2023/eu-citizens-in-uk-2023-report-en.pdf |
| (14) | (14) |
| https://europa.eu/european-union/contact_en | https://european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu_sl |
| (15) | (15) |
| Up to 1 July 2023. | Do 1. julija 2023. |
| (16) | (16) |
| https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/media/20220509RES29121/20220509RES29121.pdf . The request for a ‘European citizenship Statute’ has also been reiterated more recently, for example in the AFCO Report on Parliamentarism, European Citizenship and Democracy (2023/2017(INI)). | https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/media/20220509RES29121/20220509RES29121.pdf Zahteva po statutu o evropskem državljanstvu je bila ponovljena tudi nedavno, med drugim v poročilu Odbora za ustavne zadeve (AFCO) o parlamentarizmu, evropskem državljanstvu in demokraciji (2023/2017(INI)). |
| (17) | (17) |
| In its Communication on the follow-up to the Conference on the Future of Europe, the Commission committed to delivering on the Conference proposals within the framework of its competences and in accordance with the Treaties. See Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Conference on the Future of Europe: Putting Vision into Concrete Action, COM(2022)404 final. | Komisija se je v sporočilu o nadaljnjem ukrepanju po Konferenci o prihodnosti Evrope zavezala, da bo predloge Konference uresničevala v okviru svojih pristojnosti in v skladu s Pogodbama. Glej Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Evropskemu svetu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Konferenca o prihodnosti Evrope – Uresničevanje vizije s konkretnimi ukrepi (COM(2022) 404 final). |
| (18) | (18) |
| ECI educational toolkit (europa.eu) | Učno gradivo o evropski državljanski pobudi (europa.eu) . |
| (19) | (19) |
| The event ’30 years of EU citizenship rights’ took place online on 28 November. | Dogodek „30 years of EU citizenship rights“ (30 let pravic iz državljanstva EU) je potekal prek spleta 28. novembra. |
| (20) | (20) |
| The focus countries are Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia and Latvia. | Ciljne države so Belgija, Ciper, Danska, Grčija, Španija, Francija, Hrvaška in Latvija. |
| (21) | (21) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions ‘2030 Digital Compass: the European way for the Digital Decade’, COM/2021/118 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Digitalni kompas do leta 2030: evropska pot v digitalno desetletje (COM(2021) 118 final). |
| (22) | (22) |
| Decision (EU) 2022/2481 establishing the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030. | Sklep (EU) 2022/2481 o vzpostavitvi programa politike Digitalno desetletje do leta 2030. |
| (23) | (23) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_452 | https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/sl/IP_22_452 |
| (24) | (24) |
| https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/european-declaration-digital-rights-and-principles | https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/european-declaration-digital-rights-and-principles |
| (25) | (25) |
| 2023 Report on the state of the Digital Decade | Shaping Europe’s digital future (europa.eu) | Poročilo o stanju digitalnega desetletja za leto 2023 | Oblikovanje digitalne prihodnosti Evrope (europa.eu) . |
| (26) | (26) |
| Judgment of 18 January 2022, Wiener Landesregierung (Révocation d'une assurance de naturalisation), C-118/20, EU:C:2022:34, paragraph 37 and the case-law cited). | Sodba z dne 18. januarja 2022, Wiener Landesregierung (Révocation d'une assurance de naturalisation), C-118/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:34, točka 37 in navedena sodna praksa). |
| (27) | (27) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1925 . The Commission considered that by establishing and operating investor citizenship schemes that offer citizenship in exchange for pre-determined payments and investments, these two Member States failed to fulfil their obligations under Article 4(3) TEU and Article 20 TFEU. | https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1925 Komisija je ugotovila, da ti državi članici z vzpostavitvijo in izvajanjem shem državljanstva za vlagatelje, v okviru katerih je državljanstvo mogoče pridobiti v zameno za vnaprej določena plačila in naložbe, nista izpolnili svojih obveznosti iz člena 4(3) Pogodbe o Evropski uniji (PEU) in člena 20 PDEU. |
| (28) | (28) |
| The infringement procedure is currently at the stage of reasoned opinion. | Postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev je trenutno v fazi obrazloženega mnenja. |
| (29) | (29) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/EN/IP_22_5422 . The Court referral took place on 21 March 2023 (Case C-181/23). | https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/EN/IP_22_5422 Zadeva je bila Sodišču predložena 21. marca 2023 (zadeva C-181/23). |
| (30) | (30) |
| Commission Recommendation of 28.3.2022 on immediate steps in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in relation to investor citizenship schemes and investor residence schemes, C(2022)2028 final. | Priporočilo Komisije z dne 28. marca 2022 o takojšnjih ukrepih zaradi ruske invazije na Ukrajino v zvezi s shemami državljanstva in prebivanja za vlagatelje (C(2022) 2028 final). |
| (31) | (31) |
| Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, Silver and Others v Council, C‑499/21 P , EU:C:2023:479. | Sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, Silver in drugi proti Svetu, C‑499/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:479. |
| (32) | (32) |
| Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, Shindler and Others v Council, C-501/21 P , EU:C:2023:480. | Sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, Shindler in drugi proti Svetu, C-501/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:480. |
| (33) | (33) |
| Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, David Price v Council, C-502/21 P , EU:C:2023:482. | Sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, David Price proti Svetu, C-502/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:482. |
| (34) | (34) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 January 2022, JY v Wiener Landesregierung, C‑118/20, EU:C:2022:34. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 18. januarja 2022, JY proti Wiener Landesregierung, C‑118/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:34. |
| (35) | (35) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 March 2010, Janko Rottmann v Freistaat Bayern, C-135/08, EU:C:2010:104. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 2. marca 2010, Janko Rottmann proti Freistaat Bayern, C-135/08, ECLI:EU:C:2010:104. |
| (36) | (36) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 12 March 2019, M.G. Tjebbes and Others v Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, C-221/17, EU:C:2019:189. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 12. marca 2019, M. G. Tjebbes in drugi proti Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, C-221/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:189. |
| (37) | (37) |
| See also Article 21(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which states that ‘Within the scope of application of the Treaties and without prejudice to any of their specific provisions, any discrimination on grounds of nationality shall be prohibited’. | Glej tudi člen 21(2) Listine o temeljnih pravicah, v katerem je določeno: „Brez poseganja v posebne določbe Pogodb je na njunem področju uporabe prepovedana vsakršna diskriminacija na podlagi državljanstva.“ |
| (38) | (38) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 December 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München v S.M., C-237/21 , EU:C:2022:1017. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. decembra 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München proti S. M., C-237/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:1017. |
| (39) | (39) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 December 2020, BY, C-398/19 , EU:C:2020:1032. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, BY, C-398/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:1032. |
| (40) | (40) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 10 February 2022, OE v VY, C-522/20 , EU:C:2022:87. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 10. februarja 2022, OE proti VY, C-522/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:87. |
| (41) | (41) |
| See also Article 21(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which states that ‘Any discrimination based on any ground such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation shall be prohibited’. | Glej tudi člen 21(1) Listine EU o temeljnih pravicah, v katerem je določeno, da je prepovedana „vsakršna diskriminacija na katerikoli podlagi, kot je denimo spol, rasa, barva kože, etnično ali socialno poreklo, genetska značilnost, jezik, vera ali prepričanje, politično ali drugo mnenje, pripadnost narodnostni manjšini, premoženje, rojstvo, invalidnost, starost ali spolna usmerjenost“. |
| (42) | (42) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Union of Equality: Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025, COM(2020)152 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru Regij Unija enakosti: strategija za enakost spolov za obdobje 2020–2025 (COM(2020) 152 final). |
| (43) | (43) |
| 2023 report on gender equality in the EU (europa.eu) | Poročilo o enakosti spolov v EU za leto 2023 (europa.eu) . |
| (44) | (44) |
| Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on combating violence against women and domestic violence, COM(2022)105 final. | Predlog direktive Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o boju proti nasilju nad ženskami in nasilju v družini (COM(2022) 105 final). |
| (45) | (45) |
| Directive 2022/2381 of 23 November 2022 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies and related measures, OJ L 315, 7.12.2022, p. 44. | Direktiva (EU) 2022/2381 z dne 23. novembra 2022 o zagotavljanju uravnotežene zastopanosti spolov med direktorji družb, ki kotirajo na borzi, in s tem povezanih ukrepih (UL L 315, 7.12.2022, str. 44). |
| (46) | (46) |
| Directive 2023/970 of 10 May 2023 to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms, OJ L 132, 17.5.2023, p. 21. | Direktiva (EU) 2023/970 z dne 10. maja 2023 o krepitvi uporabe načela enakega plačila za enako delo ali delo enake vrednosti za moške in ženske s preglednostjo plačil in mehanizmi za izvrševanje (UL L 132, 17.5.2023, str. 21). |
| (47) | (47) |
| Council Recommendation on access to affordable high-quality long-term care, of 25 November 2022, Council doc. Ref. 13948/22; Council recommendation on early childhood education and care: the Barcelona targets for 2030, of 29 November 2022, Council doc. ref. 14785/22. | Priporočilo Sveta o dostopu do cenovno dostopne visokokakovostne dolgotrajne oskrbe, dokument Sveta 13948/22 z dne 25. novembra 2022; Priporočilo Sveta o vzgoji in varstvu predšolskih otrok: barcelonska cilja za leto 2030, dokument Sveta 14785/22 z dne 29. novembra 2022. |
| (48) | (48) |
| EU Anti-racism Action Plan 2020-2025 (europa.eu) | Akcijski načrt EU za boj proti rasizmu za obdobje 2020–2025 (europa.eu) . |
| (49) | (49) |
| https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2022-05/common_guiding_principles_for_national_action_plans_against_racism_and_racial_discrimination.pdf | https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2022-05/common_guiding_principles_for_national_action_plans_against_racism_and_racial_discrimination.pdf |
| (50) | (50) |
| Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law. | Okvirni sklep Sveta 2008/913/PNZ z dne 28. novembra 2008 o boju proti nekaterim oblikami in izrazom rasizma in ksenofobije s kazensko-pravnimi sredstvi. |
| (51) | (51) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council - A more inclusive and protective Europe: extending the list of EU crimes to hate speech and hate crime, COM(2021)777 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu Za večje vključevanje in zaščito v Evropi: vključitev sovražnega govora in kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva na evropski seznam kaznivih dejanj (COM(2021) 777 final). |
| (52) | (52) |
| https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/racism-and-xenophobia/eu-code-conduct-countering-illegal-hate-speech-online_en | https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/racism-and-xenophobia/eu-code-conduct-countering-illegal-hate-speech-online_en |
| (53) | (53) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, A Union of Equality: EU Roma strategic framework for equality, inclusion and participation, COM(2020)620 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu Unija enakosti: strateški okvir EU za enakost, vključevanje in udeležbo Romov (COM(2020) 620 final). |
| (54) | (54) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Assessment report of the Member States’ national Roma strategic frameworks, COM(2023)7 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Poročilo o oceni nacionalnih strateških okvirov držav članic za Rome (COM(2023) 7 final.) |
| (55) | (55) |
| In addition, a corresponding thematic enabling condition was introduced into the Common Provisions Regulation for the ESF+, requiring that, where Member States select this specific objective, they have a national Roma inclusion strategic policy framework in place. See Regulation (EU) 2021/1060 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2021 laying down common provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund Plus, the Cohesion Fund, the Just Transition Fund and the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund and financial rules for those and for the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund, the Internal Security Fund and the Instrument for Financial Support for Border Management and Visa Policy, OJ L 231, 30.6.2021, p. 159-706. | Poleg tega je bil v uredbo o skupnih določbah v zvezi z ESS+ uveden ustrezen tematski omogočitveni pogoj, v skladu s katerim morajo države članice, ki izberejo ta posebni cilj, vzpostaviti nacionalni strateški okvir politike vključevanja Romov. Glej Uredbo (EU) 2021/1060 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 24. junija 2021 o določitvi skupnih določb o Evropskem skladu za regionalni razvoj, Evropskem socialnem skladu plus, Kohezijskem skladu, Skladu za pravični prehod in Evropskem skladu za pomorstvo, ribištvo in akvakulturo ter finančnih pravil zanje in za Sklad za azil, migracije in vključevanje, Sklad za notranjo varnost in Instrument za finančno podporo za upravljanje meja in vizumsko politiko (UL L 231, 30.6.2021, str. 159). |
| (56) | (56) |
| https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/racism-and-xenophobia/combating-antisemitism/eu-strategy-combating-antisemitism-and-fostering-jewish-life-2021-2030/about-eu-strategy_en | https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/racism-and-xenophobia/combating-antisemitism/eu-strategy-combating-antisemitism-and-fostering-jewish-life-2021-2030/about-eu-strategy_en |
| (57) | (57) |
| https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/03/04/council-adopts-conclusions-on-combating-racism-and-antisemitism/ | https://www.consilium.europa.eu/sl/press/press-releases/2022/03/04/council-adopts-conclusions-on-combating-racism-and-antisemitism/ |
| (58) | (58) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Union of Equality: Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030, COM(2021)101 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Unija enakosti: strategija o pravicah invalidov za obdobje 2021–2030 (COM(2021) 101 final). |
| (59) | (59) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1597&langId=en | https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1597&langId=sl |
| (60) | (60) |
| Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Disability Card and the European Parking Card for persons with disabilities, COM(2023)512 final. | Predlog direktive Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o uvedbi evropske kartice ugodnosti za invalide in evropske parkirne karte za invalide (COM(2023) 512 final). |
| (61) | (61) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13517-European-disability-card_en | https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13517-Evropska-kartica-ugodnosti-za-invalide_sl |
| (62) | (62) |
| PRMs will be also protected from discrimination when performing multimodal journeys and will be assisted at connecting points by carriers and terminal operators where they travel under a single contract of carriage. In case of certain multimodal passenger hubs, they will be able to pre-notify their journey to all the operators concerned by means of one single notification, using the Single Contact Points established on the basis of the new legislation. | Osebe z zmanjšano mobilnostjo bodo pred diskriminacijo zaščitene tudi na multimodalnih potovanjih, na vozliščih pa jim bodo v primeru potovanj na podlagi ene same prevozne pogodbe pomagali prevozniki in upravljavci terminalov. V primeru nekaterih multimodalnih potniških vozlišč bodo lahko o svojem potovanju vnaprej obvestile vse zadevne prevoznike, in sicer z enim samim obvestilom ter uporabo enotnih kontaktnih točk, vzpostavljenih na podlagi nove zakonodaje. |
| (63) | (63) |
| Regulation (EU) 2021/782 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2021 on rail passengers’ rights and obligations (recast), OJ L 172, 17.5.2021, p.1-52. | Uredba (EU) 2021/782 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 29. aprila 2021 o pravicah in obveznostih potnikov v železniškem prometu (prenovitev) (UL L 172, 17.5.2021, str. 1). |
| (64) | (64) |
| Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. | Direktiva Sveta 2000/78/ES z dne 27. novembra 2000 o splošnih okvirih enakega obravnavanja pri zaposlovanju in delu. |
| (65) | (65) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, EU strategy on the rights of the child, COM(2021)142 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Strategija EU o otrokovih pravicah (COM(2021) 142 final). |
| (66) | (66) |
| https://eu-for-children.europa.eu/ | https://eu-for-children.europa.eu/ |
| (67) | (67) |
| Council Recommendation (EU) 2021/1004 of 14 June 2021 establishing a European Child Guarantee. | Priporočilo Sveta (EU) 2021/1004 z dne 14. junija 2021 o vzpostavitvi evropskega jamstva za otroke. |
| (68) | (68) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_7509 ; Proposal for a Council Regulation on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition of decisions and acceptance of authentic instruments in matters of parenthood and on the creation of a European Certificate of Parenthood, COM(2022)695 final. This proposal is based on Article 81(3) TFEU, providing for Union competence to adopt measures concerning family law with cross-border implications. | https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/sl/ip_22_7509 ; Predlog uredbe Sveta o pristojnosti, pravu, ki se uporablja, priznavanju odločb in sprejemanju javnih listin v zadevah v zvezi s starševstvom ter uvedbi evropskega potrdila o starševstvu (COM(2022) 695 final). Ta predlog temelji na členu 81(3) PDEU, v skladu s katerim je Unija pristojna za sprejemanje ukrepov v zvezi z družinskim pravom s čezmejnimi posledicami. |
| (69) | (69) |
| For the exercise of the rights derived from EU law Member States are already bound by the case law of the Court to recognise parenthood established in another Member States. These rights include, but are not limited to, free movement rights. | Za uveljavljanje pravic, ki izhajajo iz prava EU, so države članice na podlagi sodne prakse Sodišča že zavezane k priznanju starševstva, ugotovljenega v drugi državi članici. Te pravice med drugim vključujejo pravice do prostega gibanja. |
| (70) | (70) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Union of Equality: LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025, COM(2020)698 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru Regij Unija enakosti: strategija za enakost LGBTIQ oseb za obdobje 2020–2025 (COM(2020) 698 final). |
| (71) | (71) |
| https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2023-04/JUST_LGBTIQ%20Strategy_Progress%20Report_FINAL_WEB.pdf | https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2023-04/JUST_LGBTIQ%20Strategy_Progress%20Report_FINAL_WEB.pdf |
| (72) | (72) |
| https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2022-09/guidelines_for_strategies_and_action_plans_to_enhance_lgbtiq_equality_2022final16_05.pdf | https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2022-09/guidelines_for_strategies_and_action_plans_to_enhance_lgbtiq_equality_2022final16_05.pdf |
| (73) | (73) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Strategy to strengthen the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the EU, COM/2020/711. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Strategija za okrepitev uporabe Listine o temeljnih pravicah v EU (COM(2020) 711 final). |
| (74) | (74) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_7507 . Proposal for a Council Directive on standards for equality bodies in the field of equal treatment between persons irrespective of their racial or ethnic origin, equal treatment in the field of employment and occupation between persons irrespective of their religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation, equal treatment between women and men in matters of social security and in the access to and supply of goods and services, and deleting Article 13 of Directive 2000/43/EC and Article 12 of Directive 2004/113/EC, COM(2022)689 final; Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on standards for equality bodies in the field of equal treatment and equal opportunities between women and men in matters of employment and occupation, and deleting Article 20 of Directive 2006/54/EC and Article 11 of Directive 2010/41/EU, COM(2022)688 final. | https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/sl/ip_22_7507 Predlog direktive Sveta o standardih za organe za enakost na področju enakega obravnavanja oseb ne glede na raso ali narodnost, enakega obravnavanja oseb pri zaposlovanju in poklicu ne glede na vero ali prepričanje, invalidnost, starost ali spolno usmerjenost, enakega obravnavanja žensk in moških v zadevah socialne varnosti ter pri dostopu do blaga in storitev in oskrbi z njimi ter o črtanju člena 13 Direktive 2000/43/ES in člena 12 Direktive 2004/113/ES (COM(2022) 689 final) ter predlog direktive Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o standardih za organe za enakost na področju enakega obravnavanja in enakih možnosti žensk in moških pri zaposlovanju in poklicu ter o črtanju člena 20 Direktive 2006/54/ES in člena 11 Direktive 2010/41/EU (COM(2022) 688 final). |
| (75) | (75) |
| https://eudiversity2023.eu/ | https://eudiversity2023.eu/ |
| (76) | (76) |
| Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 13 October 2022, L.F. v S.C.R.L., C-344/20 , EU:C:2022:774. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 13. oktobra 2022, L. F. proti S. C. R. L., C-344/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:774. |
| (77) | (77) |
| See press release . | Glej sporočilo za javnost . |
| (78) | (78) |
| Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 2 June 2022, A v HK Danmark and HK/Privat, C-587/20 , EU:C:2022:419. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 2. junija 2022, A proti HK Danmark in HK/Privat, C-587/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:419. |
| (79) | (79) |
| Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 12 January 2023, J.K. v TP S.A, C 356/21 , EU:C:2023:9. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 12. januarja 2023, J. K. proti TP S.A., C 356/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:9. |
| (80) | (80) |
| See in particular Directive 2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the EU and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States amending Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 and repealing Directives 64/221/EEC, 68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/EEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/EEC, OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 77 (hereinafter also referred to as the ‘Free Movement Directive’). | Glej zlasti Direktivo 2004/38/ES o pravici državljanov Unije in njihovih družinskih članov do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic, ki spreminja Uredbo (EGS) št. 1612/68 in razveljavlja Direktive 64/221/EGS, 68/360/EGS, 72/194/EGS, 73/148/EGS, 75/34/EGS, 75/35/EGS, 90/364/EGS, 90/365/EGS in 93/96/EEC (UL L 158, 30.4.2004, str. 77) (v nadaljnjem besedilu tudi: direktiva o prostem gibanju). |
| (81) | (81) |
| As of 1 January 2022, source Eurostat ( demo_pop1ctz ). | Stanje dne 1. januarja 2022, vir: Eurostat ( demo_pop1ctz ). |
| (82) | (82) |
| Source Eurostat ( migr_imm5prv ). | Vir: Eurostat ( migr_imm5prv ). |
| (83) | (83) |
| https://europa.eu/youreurope/advice/ | https://europa.eu/youreurope/advice/index_sl.htm |
| (84) | (84) |
| Up to 7 July 2023. | Do 7. julija 2023. |
| (85) | (85) |
| SOLVIT is a service provided by national administrations throughout the EU and the EEA. National SOLVIT | SOLVIT je storitev, ki jo zagotavljajo nacionalne uprave v EU in EGP. Nacionalni centri SOLVIT |
| centres take on board citizens’ complaints and cooperate via an online database to help them resolve their | obravnavajo pritožbe državljanov in sodelujejo prek spletne zbirke podatkov, da jim pomagajo |
| problems out of court and free of charge. | zunajsodno in brezplačno rešiti težave. |
| (86) | (86) |
| Up to 30 June 2023, and based on cases closed (resolved and unresolved cases). | Do 30. junija 2023, in sicer ob upoštevanju zaključenih (rešenih in nerešenih) zadev. |
| (87) | (87) |
| Up to 1 July 2023. 13925 enquiries concerned ‘free movement of EU nationals (residence, travel)’, and 3041 enquiries concerned ‘family members of EU nationals (residence, travel)’. | Do 1. julija 2023. 13 925 poizvedb se je nanašalo na prosto gibanje državljanov EU (prebivanje, potovanje), 3 041 poizvedb pa na družinske člane državljanov EU (prebivanje, potovanje). |
| (88) | (88) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on guidance for better transposition and application of Directive 2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States, COM(2009) 313 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu o smernicah za boljši prenos Direktive 2004/38/ES o pravici državljanov Unije in njihovih družinskih članov do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic ter njeno učinkovitejšo uporabo (COM(2009) 313 final). |
| (89) | (89) |
| Persons who temporarily stay in a Member State other than the one where they are insured are entitled to any necessary medical treatment on the basis of the European Health Insurance Card. Besides Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems, persons may also access healthcare in any EU country other than the one in which they reside and to be reimbursed for care abroad under Directive 2011/24/EU on patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare. | Osebe, ki začasno bivajo v državi članici, ki ni država članica, v kateri so zavarovane, so na podlagi evropske kartice zdravstvenega zavarovanja upravičene do potrebnega zdravljenja. Poleg Uredbe (ES) št. 883/2004 o koordinaciji sistemov socialne varnosti lahko osebe dostopajo do zdravstvenega varstva v kateri koli državi EU, ki ni država njihovega stalnega prebivališča, in dobijo povračilo stroškov za oskrbo v tujini tudi v skladu z Direktivo 2011/24/EU o pravicah pacientov pri čezmejnem zdravstvenem varstvu. |
| (90) | (90) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee Of The Regions, ‘Union of Equality: LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025’, COM(2020)698 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Unija enakosti: strategija za enakost LGBTIQ oseb za obdobje 2020–2025 (COM(2020) 698 final). |
| (91) | (91) |
| Pre–settled status should correspond to the right of non–permanent residence under the EU Free Movement Directive and settled status to the right of permanent residence. | Status začasnega prebivalca bi moral vključevati pravico do nestalnega prebivanja v skladu z direktivo EU o prostem gibanju, status stalnega prebivalca pa pravico do stalnega prebivanja. |
| (92) | (92) |
| Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulations (EC) No 767/2008, (EC) No 810/2009 and (EU) 2017/2226 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Regulations (EC) No 1683/95, (EC) No 333/2002, (EC) No 693/2003 and (EC) No 694/2003 and Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement, as regards the digitalisation of the visa procedure, COM(2022)658 final. | Predlog uredbe Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o spremembi uredb (ES) št. 767/2008, (ES) št. 810/2009 in (EU) 2017/2226 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta, uredb Sveta (ES) št. 1683/95, (ES) št. 333/2002, (ES) št. 693/2003 in (ES) št. 694/2003 ter Konvencije o izvajanju Schengenskega sporazuma v zvezi z digitalizacijo vizumskega postopka (COM(2022) 658 final). |
| (93) | (93) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions ‘On digitalisation in social security coordination: facilitating free movement in the Single Market’, COM(2023)501 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij o digitalizaciji na področju koordinacije sistemov socialne varnosti: olajšanje prostega gibanja na enotnem trgu (COM(2023) 501 final). |
| (94) | (94) |
| As indicated in the last progress Report under Article 25 TFEU, in June 2019 the European Parliament and the Council adopted a Regulation on strengthening the security of EU citizens’ identity cards and of residence documents issued to EU citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement (Regulation (EU) 2019/1157 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement, OJ L 188, 12.7.2019, p. 67–78). The Regulation introduced minimum common security standards making identity cards and residence documents more secure and reliable. | Kot je navedeno v zadnjem poročilu o napredku v skladu s členom 25 PDEU, sta Evropski parlament in Svet junija 2019 sprejela uredbo o okrepitvi varnosti osebnih izkaznic državljanov EU in dokumentov za prebivanje, izdanih državljanom EU in njihovim družinskim članom, ki uresničujejo svojo pravico do prostega gibanja (Uredba (EU) 2019/1157 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 20. junija 2019 o okrepitvi varnosti osebnih izkaznic državljanov Unije in dokumentov za prebivanje, izdanih državljanom Unije in njihovim družinskim članom, ki uresničujejo svojo pravico do prostega gibanja (UL L 188, 12.7.2019, str. 67)). Z navedeno uredbo so bili uvedeni minimalni skupni varnostni standardi, da bi bili osebne izkaznice in dokumenti za prebivanje varnejši in zanesljivejši. |
| (95) | (95) |
| Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EU) 2019/1157 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement, COM(2023)538 final. | Poročilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu in Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru v skladu s členom 13(1) Uredbe (EU) 2019/1157 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 20. junija 2019 o okrepitvi varnosti osebnih izkaznic državljanov Unije in dokumentov za prebivanje, izdanih državljanom Unije in njihovim družinskim članom, ki uresničujejo svojo pravico do prostega gibanja (COM(2023) 538 final). |
| (96) | (96) |
| Communication from the Commission of the European Parliament and the Council ‘A strategy towards a fully functioning and resilient Schengen area’, COM(2021)277 final, p. 8. The Schengen area includes the majority of States in which rights of free movement can be exercised. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu Strategija za v celoti delujoče in odporno schengensko območje (COM(2021) 277 final, str. 8). Schengensko območje vključuje večino držav, v katerih je mogoče uveljavljati pravico do prostega gibanja. |
| (97) | (97) |
| Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 as regards establishing a framework for a European Digital Identity, COM (2021) 281 final. | Predlog uredbe Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o spremembi Uredbe (EU) št. 910/2014 v zvezi z vzpostavitvijo okvira za evropsko digitalno identiteto (COM(2021) 281 final). |
| (98) | (98) |
| Council Recommendation (EU) 2021/119 of 1 February 2021 amending Recommendation (EU) 2020/1475 on a coordinated approach to the restriction of free movement in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, OJ L 36I, 2.2.2021, p. 1; and Council Recommendation (EU) 2021/961 of 14 June 2021 amending Recommendation (EU) 2020/1475 on a coordinated approach to the restriction of free movement in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, OJ L 213I , 16.6.2021, p. 1; Council Recommendation (EU) 2022/107 of 25 January 2022 on a coordinated approach to facilitate safe free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic and replacing Recommendation (EU) 2020/1475, OJ L 18, 27.1.2022, p. 110. | Priporočilo Sveta (EU) 2021/119 z dne 1. februarja 2021 o spremembi Priporočila (EU) 2020/1475 o usklajenem pristopu k omejevanju prostega gibanja v odziv na pandemijo COVID-19 (UL L 36I, 2.2.2021, str. 1), Priporočilo Sveta (EU) 2021/961 z dne 14. junija 2021 o spremembi Priporočila (EU) 2020/1475 o usklajenem pristopu k omejevanju prostega gibanja v odziv na pandemijo COVID-19 (UL L 213I, 16.6.2021, str. 1) in Priporočilo Sveta (EU) 2022/107 z dne 25. januarja 2022 o usklajenem pristopu k olajšanju varnega prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19 in nadomestitvi Priporočila (EU) 2020/1475 (UL L 18, 27.1.2022, str. 110). |
| (99) | (99) |
| Regulation (EU) 2021/953 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2021 on a framework for the issuance, verification and acceptance of interoperable COVID-19 vaccination, test and recovery certificates (EU Digital COVID Certificate) to facilitate free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic, OJ L 211, 15.6.2021, p. 1. | Uredba (EU) 2021/953 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 14. junija 2021 o okviru za izdajanje, preverjanje in priznavanje interoperabilnih potrdil o cepljenju, testu in preboleli bolezni v zvezi s COVID-19 (digitalno COVID potrdilo EU) za olajšanje prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19 (UL L 211, 15.6.2021, str. 1). |
| (100) | (100) |
| Regulation (EU) 2022/1034 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 June 2022 amending Regulation (EU) 2021/953 on a framework for the issuance, verification and acceptance of interoperable COVID-19 vaccination, test and recovery certificates (EU Digital COVID Certificate) to facilitate free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic, OJ L 173, 30.6.2022, p.37. | Uredba (EU) 2022/1034 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 29. junija 2022 o spremembi Uredbe (EU) 2021/953 o okviru za izdajanje, preverjanje in priznavanje interoperabilnih potrdil o cepljenju, testu in preboleli bolezni v zvezi s COVID-19 (v nadaljnjem besedilu: digitalno COVID potrdilo EU) za olajšanje prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19 (UL L 173, 30.6.2022, str. 37). |
| (101) | (101) |
| https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/press-release/en/171613 . An important acknowledgement of the potential of the EU Digital COVID Certificate technical infrastructure, which is in line with EU values such as data protection, open source software and accessibility, has also come from the Global Digital Health Certification Network, launched by the World Health Organization, which is based on the EU Digital COVID Certificate technology and supported by the Commission at technical level as part of a landmark digital health partnership. See https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_23_3043 | https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/press-release/en/171613 Pomembna potrditev potenciala tehnične infrastrukture digitalnega COVID potrdila EU, ki je v skladu z vrednotami EU, kot so varstvo podatkov, odprtokodna programska oprema in dostopnost, je tudi svetovna mreža za digitalna zdravstvena potrdila, ki jo je vzpostavila Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija in temelji na tehnologiji digitalnega COVID potrdila EU, Komisija pa jo v okviru prelomnega partnerstva na področju digitalnega zdravja podpira na tehnični ravni. Glej https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/sl/IP_23_3043 . |
| (102) | (102) |
| More information on the efforts made by the Commission to facilitate free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic can be found in the various Commission Reports on the implementation of the EU Digital COVID Certificate Regulation in 2021 and 2022: Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council pursuant to Article 16(1) of Regulation (EU) 2021/953 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a framework for the issuance, verification and acceptance of interoperable COVID-19 vaccination, test and recovery certificates (EU Digital COVID Certificate) to facilitate free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic, COM(2021) 649 final; Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council pursuant to Article 16(2) of Regulation (EU) 2021/953 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a framework for the issuance, verification and acceptance of interoperable COVID-19 vaccination, test and recovery certificates (EU Digital COVID Certificate) to facilitate free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic, COM(2022) 123 final; Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council pursuant to Article 16(3) of Regulation (EU) 2021/953 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a framework for the issuance, verification and acceptance of interoperable COVID-19 vaccination, test and recovery certificates (EU Digital COVID Certificate) to facilitate free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic, COM(2022)753 final. | Več informacij o prizadevanjih Komisije za olajšanje prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19 je na voljo v različnih poročilih Komisije o izvajanju uredbe o digitalnem COVID potrdilu EU v letih 2021 in 2022, in sicer v: Poročilu Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu v skladu s členom 16(1) Uredbe (EU) 2021/953 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o okviru za izdajanje, preverjanje in priznavanje interoperabilnih potrdil o cepljenju, testu in preboleli bolezni v zvezi s COVID-19 (digitalno COVID potrdilo EU) za olajšanje prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19 (COM(2021) 649 final), Poročilu Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu v skladu s členom 16(2) Uredbe (EU) 2021/953 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o okviru za izdajanje, preverjanje in priznavanje interoperabilnih potrdil o cepljenju, testu in preboleli bolezni v zvezi s COVID-19 (digitalno COVID potrdilo EU) za olajšanje prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19 (COM(2022) 123 final) ter Poročilu Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu v skladu s členom 16(3) Uredbe (EU) 2021/953 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o okviru za izdajanje, preverjanje in priznavanje interoperabilnih potrdil o cepljenju, testu in preboleli bolezni v zvezi s COVID-19 (digitalno COVID potrdilo EU) za olajšanje prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19 (COM(2022) 753 final). |
| (103) | (103) |
| https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2023-statement-on-the-fifteenth-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-pandemic | https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2023-statement-on-the-fifteenth-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-pandemic |
| (104) | (104) |
| Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States amending Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 and repealing Directives 64/221/EEC, 68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/EEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/EEC (Text with EEA relevance), OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 77–123. | Direktiva Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta 2004/38/ES z dne 29. aprila 2004 o pravici državljanov Unije in njihovih družinskih članov do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic, ki spreminja Uredbo (EGS) št. 1612/68 in razveljavlja Direktive 64/221/EGS, 68/360/EGS, 72/194/EGS, 73/148/EGS, 75/34/EGS, 75/35/EGS, 90/364/EGS, 90/365/EGS in 93/96/EEC (Besedilo velja za EGP) (UL L 158, 30.4.2004, str. 77). |
| (105) | (105) |
| This section will not address the judgments of the Court based primarily on the status of ‘Union worker’ pursuant to Article 45 et seq. TFEU. | V tem oddelku niso obravnavane sodbe Sodišča, ki temeljijo predvsem na statusu „delavca Unije“ v skladu s členom 45 in naslednjimi členi PDEU. |
| (106) | (106) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008. |
| (107) | (107) |
| Council Directive 94/80/EC and Directive 93/109/EC. | Direktive Sveta 94/80/ES in Direktive Sveta 93/109/ES. |
| (108) | (108) |
| Proposal for a Council Directive laying down detailed arrangements for the exercise of the right to vote and stand as a candidate in elections to the European Parliament for Union citizens residing in a Member State of which they are not nationals (recast), COM(2021)732 final. | Predlog direktive Sveta o podrobni ureditvi uresničevanja aktivne in pasivne volilne pravice na volitvah v Evropski parlament za državljane Unije, ki prebivajo v državi članici, niso pa njeni državljani (prenovitev) (COM(2021) 732 final). |
| (109) | (109) |
| Proposal for a Council Directive laying down detailed arrangements for the exercise of the right to vote and to stand as a candidate in municipal elections by Union citizens residing in a Member State of which they are not nationals (recast), COM(2021)733 final. | Predlog direktive Sveta o določitvi podrobne ureditve za uresničevanje volilne pravice in pravice do kandidiranja na lokalnih volitvah državljanov Unije, ki prebivajo v državi članici, v kateri nimajo državljanstva (prenovitev) (COM(2021) 733 final). |
| (110) | (110) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Protecting election integrity and promoting democratic participation, COM(2021)730 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru Regij Zaščita integritete volitev in spodbujanje demokratične udeležbe (COM(2021) 730 final). |
| (111) | (111) |
| In the ‘EU Citizenship Report 2020’ Communication, the Commission said it would ‘explore, in close cooperation with the Parliament, the possibility of creating a dedicated shared resource to support EU citizens in exercising their electoral rights, as well as providing additional avenues for them to report hurdles and incidents affecting their political participation. This should be made available to both EU citizens (including mobile EU citizens) and relevant authorities by autumn 2023.’ | V poročilu o državljanstvu za leto 2020 je navedeno: „Komisija bo v tesnem sodelovanju s Parlamentom proučila možnost oblikovanja namenskega skupnega vira za podporo državljanom EU pri izvrševanju njihovih volilnih pravic ter zagotavljanja dodatnih kanalov za poročanje o ovirah in zapletih, ki vplivajo na njihovo politično udeležbo. To bi moralo biti državljanom EU (vključno z mobilnimi državljani EU) in zadevnim organom na voljo do jeseni 2023.“ |
| (112) | (112) |
| A dedicated website was set up: https://elections.europa.eu/en/ | Vzpostavljeno je bilo namensko spletišče: https://elections.europa.eu/sl/ . |
| (113) | (113) |
| Council Directive 93/109/EC of 6 December 1993 laying down detailed arrangements for the exercise of the right to vote and stand as a candidate in elections to the European Parliament for citizens of the Union residing in a Member State of which they are not nationals, OJ L 329, 30.12.1993, p.34. | Direktiva Sveta 93/109/ES z dne 6. decembra 1993 o podrobni ureditvi uresničevanja aktivne in pasivne volilne pravice na volitvah v Evropski parlament za državljane Unije, ki prebivajo v državi članici, niso pa njeni državljani (UL L 329, 30.12.1993, str. 34). |
| (114) | (114) |
| Article 14(1) of the Directive establishes: ‘If on 1 January 1993, in a given Member State, the proportion of citizens of the Union of voting age who reside in it but are not nationals of it exceeds 20 % of the total number of citizens of the Union residing there who are of voting age, that Member State may, by way of derogation from Articles 3, 9 and 10: (a) restrict the right to vote to Community voters who have resided in that Member State for a minimum period, which may not exceed five years; (b) restrict the right to stand as a candidate to Community nationals entitled to stand as candidates who have resided in that Member State for a minimum period, which may not exceed 10 years. These provisions are without prejudice to appropriate measures which this Member State may take with regard to the composition of lists of candidates and which are intended in particular to encourage the integration of non-national citizens of the Union. However, Community voters and Community nationals entitled to stand as candidates who, owing to the fact that they have taken up residence outside their home Member State or by reason of the duration of such residence, do not have the right to vote or to stand as candidates in that home State shall not be subject to the conditions as to length of residence set out above.’ Luxembourg is the only Member State that reaches this threshold. Under Luxembourgish law, lists for the European parliament elections must be composed of a majority of Luxembourgish citizens. | V členu 14(1) Direktive je določeno: „Če 1. januarja 1993 v državi članici delež državljanov Unije, ki imajo volilno pravico in prebivajo v tej državi članici, niso pa njeni državljani, presega 20 % vseh državljanov Unije, ki tam prebivajo in imajo volilno pravico, lahko ta država članica ne glede na člene 3, 9 in 10: (a) omeji volilno pravico volivcem Skupnosti, ki prebivajo v tej državi članici minimalno obdobje, ki ne presega 5 let; (b) omeji pravico kandidirati državljanom Skupnosti, ki imajo pravico kandidirati in prebivajo v tej državi članici minimalno obdobje, ki ne presega 10 let. Te določbe ne posegajo v ustrezne ukrepe, ki jih ta država članica lahko sprejme glede sestave seznamov kandidatov in katerih namen je zlasti spodbujati vključevanje državljanov Unije, ki niso državljani te države. Vendar pa za aktivne in pasivne volivce Skupnosti, ki zaradi dejstva, da so si izbrali prebivališče zunaj matične države članice, ali zaradi trajanja takega prebivanja nimajo pravice voliti ali kandidirati v tej državi članici, ne smejo veljati zgoraj navedeni pogoji glede trajanja prebivanja.“ Edina država članica, ki dosega ta prag, je Luksemburg. V skladu z luksemburško zakonodajo morajo biti kandidati na seznamih za volitve v Evropski parlament večinoma luksemburški državljani. |
| (115) | (115) |
| Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on granting a derogation under Article 22(2) on the treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, presented under Article 14(3) of Directive 93/109/EC on the right to vote and stand as a candidate in elections to the European Parliament, COM(2023)688 final. | Poročilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu in Svetu o priznavanju odstopanja po členu 22(2) Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije, predloženo v skladu s členom 14(3) Direktive 93/109/ES glede aktivne in pasivne volilne pravice državljanov Unije na volitvah v Evropski parlament (COM(2023) 688 final). |
| (116) | (116) |
| On 4 March 2020, the European Commission agreed on admissibility and registered a European Citizens' | Evropska komisija je 4. marca 2020 potrdila dopustnost evropske državljanske pobude in prijavila |
| Initiative entitled ‘Voters without borders, full political rights for EU citizens’. The organisers called for ‘reforms to strengthen the existing rights of EU citizens to vote and stand in European and municipal elections in their country of residence and new legislation to extend them to regional, national elections and referenda’. However, the organisers did not manage to collect the necessary support by 13 June 2022. | pobudo z naslovom Volivci brez meja, polne politične pravice za državljane EU. Organizatorji so zahtevali „reforme, s katerimi bi okrepili obstoječe pravice državljanov EU, da volijo in so voljeni na evropskih in občinskih volitvah v državi prebivanja, ter novo zakonodajo, da se te pravice razširijo na regionalne in nacionalne volitve in na referendume“. Vendar organizatorjem do 13. junija 2022 ni uspelo zbrati potrebne podpore. |
| (117) | (117) |
| Article 10(3) TEU. | Člen 10(3) PEU. |
| (118) | (118) |
| Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Tackling COVID-19 disinformation - Getting the facts right, JOIN/2020/8 final. | Skupno sporočilo Evropskemu parlamentu, Evropskemu svetu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Boj proti dezinformacijam v zvezi s COVID-19 – kaj je res in kaj ne (JOIN(2020) 8 final). |
| (119) | (119) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, ‘On the European Democracy Action Plan’, COM(2020)790 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij o akcijskem načrtu za evropsko demokracijo (COM(2020) 790 final). |
| (120) | (120) |
| The DSA aims to create a safer online environment for consumers and companies in the EU, with a set of rules designed to protect consumers and their fundamental rights more effectively. It also defines clear responsibilities for online platforms and social media and deals with illegal content and products, hate speech and disinformation. Effective enforcement of the DSA will help address systemic risks threatening the EU’s democratic processes such as the use of very large online platforms as tools for disinformation campaigns. | Cilj akta o digitalnih storitvah je ustvariti varnejše spletno okolje za potrošnike in podjetja v EU, in sicer s sklopom pravil za učinkovitejše varstvo potrošnikov in njihovih temeljnih pravic. Akt o digitalnih storitvah vsebuje tudi jasne odgovornosti spletnih platform in družbenih medijev ter obravnava nezakonite vsebine in proizvode, sovražni govor in dezinformacije. Učinkovito izvrševanje akta o digitalnih storitvah bo pomagalo odpraviti sistemska tveganja, ki ogrožajo demokratične procese v EU, kot je uporaba zelo velikih spletnih platform kot orodja za dezinformacijske kampanje. |
| (121) | (121) |
| Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the transparency and targeting of political advertising, COM/2021/731 final. | Predlog uredbe Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o preglednosti in ciljanem političnem oglaševanju (COM(2021) 731 final). |
| (122) | (122) |
| However, the definitions and the non-discrimination clause, which provides that political advertising services cannot be restricted solely based on place of residence or establishment of the sponsor of political advertising, will apply in time for the elections to the European Parliament. | Opredelitve pojmov in nediskriminacijska klavzula, v skladu s katero storitev političnega oglaševanja ni mogoče omejiti samo na podlagi kraja prebivališča ali sedeža sponzorja političnega oglasa, se bodo sicer začele uporabljati pred volitvami v Evropski parlament. |
| (123) | (123) |
| Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations (recast), COM/2021/734 final. | Predlog uredbe Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o statutu in financiranju evropskih političnih strank in evropskih političnih fundacij (prenovitev) (COM(2021) 734 final). |
| (124) | (124) |
| This network, which gathers representatives of national authorities with competence in electoral matters, meets regularly, to discuss practical solutions to issues such as disinformation and other manipulations, data protection, enhanced transparency, interactions with platforms, equal and inclusive democratic participation etc. | Ta mreža, ki združuje predstavnike nacionalnih organov, pristojnih za volilne zadeve, se redno sestaja, da bi razpravljala o praktičnih rešitvah vprašanj, kot so dezinformacije in druge vrste manipulacije, varstvo podatkov, večja preglednost, interakcije s platformami, enakopravna in vključujoča demokratična udeležba itd. |
| (125) | (125) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/image/document/2018-30/election_security_compendium_00BE09F9-D2BE-5D69-9E39C5A9C81C290F_53645.pdf | https://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/image/document/2018-30/election_security_compendium_00BE09F9-D2BE-5D69-9E39C5A9C81C290F_53645.pdf |
| (126) | (126) |
| https://roadtoep2024.eu/ | https://roadtoep2024.eu/ |
| (127) | (127) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5504 | https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/sl/ip_22_5504 |
| (128) | (128) |
| Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common framework for media services in the internal market (European Media Freedom Act) and amending Directive 2010/13/EU, COM/2022/457 final. | Predlog uredbe Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o vzpostavitvi skupnega okvira za medijske storitve na notranjem trgu (evropski akt o svobodi medijev) in spremembi Direktive 2010/13/EU (COM(2022) 457 final). |
| (129) | (129) |
| Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, ‘Conference on the Future of Europe – Putting Vision into Concrete Action’, COM(2022) 404 final. | Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Evropskemu svetu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Konferenca o prihodnosti Evrope – Uresničevanje vizije s konkretnimi ukrepi (COM(2022) 404 final). |
| (130) | (130) |
| https://citizens.ec.europa.eu/index_en | https://citizens.ec.europa.eu/index_sl |
| (131) | (131) |
| Resolution of the Council of the European Union and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council on a framework for European cooperation in the youth field: The European Union Youth Strategy 2019-2027, which was adopted by the Council in November 2018. | Resolucija Sveta Evropske unije in predstavnikov vlad držav članic, ki so se sestali v okviru Sveta, o okviru za evropsko sodelovanje na področju mladine: strategija Evropske unije za mlade 2019–2027, ki jo je Svet sprejel novembra 2018. |
| (132) | (132) |
| This includes projects in response to a call on detecting, analysing and countering foreign information manipulation and interference, and a call on developing a better understanding of information suppression by state authorities as an example of foreign information manipulation and interference. For this last one, projects will be explicitly requested to analyse particularly the means of influence embedded within diaspora communities, and to develop lists of indicators that allow legislators and policymakers to elaborate adequate policy responses. | To vključuje projekte v okviru razpisa glede odkrivanja in analize tuje manipulacije z informacijami in vmešavanja ter boja proti njima in razpisa glede boljšega razumevanja zadrževanja informacij s strani državnih organov kot primera tuje manipulacije z informacijami in vmešavanja. V zvezi s slednjim razpisom se izrecno zahteva, da se v okviru projektov analizirajo zlasti načini izvajanja vpliva v diasporah in pripravijo seznami kazalnikov, ki bodo zakonodajalcem in oblikovalcem politike omogočili pripravo ustreznih političnih odzivov. |
| (133) | (133) |
| Judgment of 9 June 2022, EP v Préfet du Gers and Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), C-673/20 , EU:C:2022:449. | Sodba z dne 9. junija 2022, EP proti Préfet du Gers in Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), C-673/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:449. |
| (134) | (134) |
| Ibid, para. 58. | Prav tam, točka 58. |
| (135) | (135) |
| COM(2023)930. | COM(2023) 930 final. |
| (136) | (136) |
| Council Directive (EU) 2019/997 of 18 June 2019 establishing an EU Emergency Travel Document and repealing Decision 96/409/CFSP (OJ L 163, 20.6.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/997/oj ). | Direktiva Sveta (EU) 2019/997 z dne 18. junija 2019 o vzpostavitvi potne listine EU za vrnitev in razveljavitvi Sklepa 96/409/SZVP (UL L 163, 20.6.2019, str. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/997/oj ). |
| (137) | (137) |
| Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2452 of 8 December 2022 laying down additional technical specifications for the EU Emergency Travel Document established by Council Directive (EU) 2019/997 (OJ L 320, 14.12.2022, p. 47, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2022/2452/oj ). | Izvedbeni sklep Komisije (EU) 2022/2452 z dne 8. decembra 2022 o določitvi dodatnih tehničnih specifikacij za potno listino EU za vrnitev, vzpostavljeno z Direktivo Sveta (EU) 2019/997 (UL L 320, 14.12.2022, str. 47, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2022/2452/oj ). |
| (138) | (138) |
| See Article 55(1) TEU. | Glej člen 55(1) PEU. |
| (139) | (139) |
| Data for 2022 is currently being prepared for the draft report on the outcome of the Committee on Petitions’ deliberations during 2022, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/PETI-PR-749894_EN.pdf . | Podatki za leto 2022 se trenutno pripravljajo za osnutek poročila o izidu posvetovanj v Odboru za peticije v letu 2022, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/PETI-PR-749894_SL.pdf . |
| (140) | (140) |
| Report on the outcome of the Committee on Petitions’ deliberations in 2021, 10.11.2022, 2022/2024(INI) . | Poročilo o izidu razprav v Odboru za peticije v letu 2021, 10. november 2022, 2022/2024(INI). |
| (141) | (141) |
| Ibid. | Prav tam. |
| (142) | (142) |
| Ibid. | Prav tam. |
| (143) | (143) |
| Data includes petitions received until end of August 2023. | Podatki vključujejo peticije, prejete do konca avgusta 2023. |
| (144) | (144) |
| Numbers are based on the European Ombudsman Annual Report 2020 ( https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/doc/annual-report/en/141317 ), Annual Report 2021 ( https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/doc/annual-report/en/156017 ), Annual Report 2022 ( https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/doc/annual-report/en/167855 ). | Številke temeljijo na letnem poročilu evropskega varuha človekovih pravic za leto 2020 ( https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/sl/doc/annual-report/sl/141317 ), letnem poročilu za leto 2021 ( https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/doc/annual-report/sl/156017 ) in letnem poročilu za leto 2022 ( https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/doc/annual-report/sl/167855 ). |
| (145) | (145) |
| Ibid. | Prav tam. |
| (146) | (146) |
| Regulation (EU) 211/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 on the citizens’ initiative, OJ L 65, 11.3.2011, p. 31-52. | Uredba (EU) št. 211/2011 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 16. februarja 2011 o državljanski pobudi (UL L 65, 11.3.2011, str. 31). |
| (147) | (147) |
| Regulation (EU) 2019/788 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the European Citizens’ Initiative, OJ L 130, 17.5.2018, p.55. | Uredba (EU) 2019/788 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 17. aprila 2019 o evropski državljanski pobudi (UL L 130, 17.5.2019, str. 55). |
| (148) | (148) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_20_1359 | https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_20_1359 |
| (149) | (149) |
| Only one since 2020. | Le ena zavrnitev od leta 2020. |
| (150) | (150) |
| Case T-789/19 (Tom Moerenhout and Others v. European Commission) in which the General Court annulled the Commission’s decision to refuse registration, after which the initiative was registered on 8 September 2021; Case T-611/19 (Iniciativa ‘Derecho de la UE), in which in the General Court upheld the Commission’s decision to refuse registration. In the case T-495/19 (Romania v. European Commission), Romania challenged the Commission’s decision to register the initiative ‘Cohesion Policy’. This decision was upheld by the General Court. The case is now under appeal (C-54/22). Romania also challenged the registration decision of the initiative ‘Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe’, which was upheld in two instances (T-391/17 and C-899/19). | Zadeva T-789/19 (Tom Moerenhout in drugi proti Evropski komisiji), v kateri je Splošno sodišče sklep Komisije o zavrnitvi prijave razglasilo za ničnega, nakar je bila pobuda 8. septembra 2021 prijavljena; zadeva T-611/19 (Iniciativa „Derecho de la UE“), v kateri je Splošno sodišče potrdilo sklep Komisije o zavrnitvi prijave. V zadevi T-495/19 (Romunija proti Evropski komisiji) je Romunija izpodbijala sklep Komisije o prijavi pobude v zvezi s kohezijsko politiko. Splošno sodišče je ta sklep potrdilo. Zadeva je zdaj v pritožbenem postopku (C-54/22). Romunija je izpodbijala tudi sklep o prijavi pobude Zaščita manjšin – milijon podpisov za raznolikost Evrope, ki je bil potrjen dvakrat (v zadevah T-391/17 in C-899/19). |
| (151) | (151) |
| Judgment of the General Court (Eighth Chamber) of 9 November 2022, Citizens' Committee of the European Citizens' Initiative ‘Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe’ v European Commission, T-158/21 , under appeal, EU:T:2022:696. | Sodba Splošnega sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 9. novembra 2022, Citizens’ Committee of the European Citizens’ Initiative „Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe“ proti Evropski komisiji, T-158/21 , v pritožbenem postopku, ECLI:EU:T:2022:696. |
| |
| EUROPEAN COMMISSION | EVROPSKA KOMISIJA |
| Brussels, 6.12.2023 | Strasbourg, 6.12.2023 |
| COM(2023) 931 final | COM(2023) 931 final |
| ANNEXES | PRILOGI |
| to the | k |
| REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS | POROČILU KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ |
| UNDER ARTICLE 25 TFEU On progress towards effective EU citizenship 2020-2023 | V SKLADU S ČLENOM 25 PDEUo napredku na področju dejanskega uveljavljanja državljanstva EU 2020–2023 |
| ANNEX I | PRILOGA I |
| This Annex provides an overview of the implementation by the Commission of the specific priority actions announced in the “EU Citizenship Report 2020” Communication 1 for 2020-2022. | Ta priloga vsebuje pregled tega, kako je Komisija v obdobju 2020–2022 izvajala posebne prednostne ukrepe, napovedane v poročilu o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 1 . |
| Priority 2020-2022 | Actions | Prednostne naloge v obdobju 2020–2022 | Ukrepi |
| Strengthening democratic participation, citizens’ empowerment and fostering inclusion of citizens in the EU | Krepitev demokratične udeležbe, opolnomočenje državljanov in spodbujanje vključevanja državljanov v EU |
| Effective exercise of voting rights | Učinkovito uveljavljanje volilnih pravic |
| 1. In 2021, the Commission will update the directives on voting rights of mobile EU citizens in municipal and European elections, to facilitate the provision of information to citizens and improve the exchange of relevant information among Member States, including to prevent double voting. | ·On 25 November 2021, the Commission adopted a package of measures to reinforce democracy and protect the integrity of elections. The package includes two legislative proposals to recast the Directives on the right to vote and stand as candidates in elections to the European Parliament and municipal elections by EU citizens residing in a different Member State from their state of origin. (for more information see Report pg. 27-28) | 1. Komisija bo leta 2021 posodobila direktive o volilnih pravicah mobilnih državljanov EU glede občinskih in evropskih volitev, da se olajša zagotavljanje informacij državljanom in izboljša izmenjava zadevnih informacij med državami članicami, pa tudi da se prepreči dvojno glasovanje. | ·Komisija je 25. novembra 2021 sprejela sveženj ukrepov za krepitev demokracije in zaščito integritete volitev. Sveženj vključuje dva zakonodajna predloga glede prenovitve direktiv o pravici državljanov EU, ki prebivajo v državi članici, ki ni njihova matična država, da volijo in so voljeni na volitvah v Evropski parlament in občinskih volitvah. (Za več informacij glej str. 27 in 28 poročila.) |
| 2. The Commission will explore the possibility of creating a dedicated shared resource to support EU citizens in exercising their electoral rights. The Commission will continue to work with the Member States through the European Cooperation Network on Elections to facilitate and improve the ability of EU citizens to exercise their voting rights including by supporting the exchange of best practices and mutual assistance to ensure free and fair elections. | ·In its Communication on protecting election integrity and promoting democratic participation, the Commission announced the establishment of a contact point on electoral rights. This function will be fulfilled by the European Direct Contact Centre (EDCC) which will serve as an elections helpline for the 2024 elections to the European Parliament. (for more information see Report pg. 28) | ·The European Cooperation Network on Elections (ECNE) continued its work on facilitating the exercise of voting rights and ensuring free and fair elections. The ECNE held dedicated sessions on, among others, e-voting; broad and inclusive participation of mobile EU citizens; and election accessibility for persons with disabilities. As a follow-up, a ‘Compendium of e-voting and other ICT practices’ and a ‘Guide of good electoral practices in Member States addressing participation of citizens with disabilities in the electoral process’, are being published as part of the Citizenship Package, in time before the next elections to the European Parliament in 2024. (for more information see Report pg. 6 and 32) | ·In October 2023, the Commission organised a high-level event on elections, bringing together various authorities to address the challenges related to electoral processes and empowering citizens to participate in the democratic process as voters and candidates. (for more information see Report pg. 33) | 2. Komisija bo proučila možnost oblikovanja namenskega skupnega vira v podporo državljanom EU pri uveljavljanju njihovih volilnih pravic. Komisija bo še naprej sodelovala z državami članicami v okviru evropske mreže za volilno sodelovanje, da bi se olajšala in izboljšala sposobnost državljanov EU za uveljavljanje volilnih pravic, tudi s podporo izmenjavi dobrih praks in medsebojno pomočjo pri zagotavljanju svobodnih in poštenih volitev. | ·V svojem sporočilu o zaščiti integritete volitev in spodbujanju demokratične udeležbe je Komisija napovedala vzpostavitev kontaktne točke za volilne pravice. To funkcijo bo opravljal center za stike Europe Direct, v okviru katerega bo na voljo telefonska številka za pomoč v zvezi z volitvami v Evropski parlament leta 2024. (Za več informacij glej str. 27 in 28 poročila.) | ·Evropska mreža za volilno sodelovanje si je še naprej prizadevala za lajšanje uveljavljanja volilnih pravic ter zagotavljanje svobodnih in poštenih volitev. Organizirala je posebne seje, med drugim na temo elektronskega glasovanja, široke in vključujoče udeležbe mobilnih državljanov EU ter dostopnosti volitev za invalide. V okviru svežnja o državljanstvu sta bila pravočasno pred naslednjimi volitvami v Evropski parlament leta 2024 objavljena Priročnik o praksah e-glasovanja in drugih praksah IKT ter Priročnik dobrih volilnih praks o udeležbi invalidov v volilnem procesu v državah članicah. (Za več informacij glej str. 6, 31 in 32 poročila.) | ·Komisija je oktobra 2023 organizirala dogodek na visoki ravni o volitvah, ki so se ga udeležili različni organi, da bi obravnavali izzive, povezane z volilnimi procesi, in državljane spodbudili k udeležbi v demokratičnem procesu v vlogi volivcev in kandidatov. (Za več informacij glej str. 32 poročila.) |
| 3. The Commission will fund projects on independent election observation, including monitoring by citizens. | ·The Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values (CERV) programme was launched in 2021 and will run for seven years until 2027. The CERV programme seeks to support and develop open, rights-based, democratic, equal and inclusive societies based on the rule of law. | ·Under the Citizens’ engagement and participation strand, the CERV work programme for 2023-2024 provides funding, among other activities, to independent election observation activities, including monitoring by citizens. | ·Under the Union Values strand, the Commission may also support independent election observation by funding capacity building of civil society organisations active in this area. | 3. Komisija bo financirala projekte s področja neodvisnega opazovanja volitev, tudi spremljanje, ki ga izvajajo državljani. | ·Program Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote se je začel izvajati leta 2021 in se bo izvajal sedem let, tj. do leta 2027. Njegov cilj je podpreti in razvijati odprte, na pravicah temelječe, demokratične, enakopravne in vključujoče družbe, ki temeljijo na pravni državi. | ·Delovni program v zvezi s programom Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote za obdobje 2023–2024 v okviru sklopa Udeležba in sodelovanje državljanov med drugim zagotavlja financiranje dejavnosti neodvisnega opazovanja volitev, vključno s spremljanjem, ki ga izvajajo državljani. | ·V okviru sklopa Vrednote Unije lahko Komisija neodvisno opazovanje volitev podpre tudi s financiranjem krepitve zmogljivosti organizacij civilne družbe, ki delujejo na tem področju. |
| Empowering citizens’ participation in the democratic process | Opolnomočenje državljanov za udeležbo v demokratičnem procesu |
| 4. The Commission will support the active participation of citizens in the democratic process, and will take innovative approaches to involving them in the legislative process to ensure that EU laws are fit-for-purpose and align with EU values. It will lead by example by funding projects that support European citizens’ engagement, via the Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values programme, deliberation and participation in the Horizon Europe programme and in the European Green Deal transitions. | ·The Commission was one of the EU institutions to have supported the organisation of the Conference on the Future of Europe and is committed to its follow-up. In a Communication published in June 2022, the Commission committed to embedding participatory and deliberative processes in key moments and areas of its policymaking, with the European Citizens' Panels becoming a 'regular feature of our democratic life'. Over the course of 2022 and 2023, three Citizens’ Panels were organised. (for more information see Report pg. 34) | ·Following up on the Conference, the Commission is also developing a revamped ‘Have Your Say’ portal as a one-stop-shop for online citizens’ engagement. (for more info see Report pg. 34) | ·The Commission manages the European Citizens’ Initiative, a participatory democracy instrument enabling at least 1 million EU citizens to ask the Commission to submit a proposal for a legal act that implements the EU Treaties. Since 2020, the revised ECI Regulation makes it easier for citizens to run and support citizens’ initiatives. (for more information see Report pg. 38) | ·The CERV work programmes for 2021-2022 and 2023-2024 both included calls that support European citizens’ engagement and participation. The 2023-2024 work programme for example indicated a focus on debating the future of Europe, on citizens’ societal engagement, and innovative approaches and tools to help citizens make their voices heard and publicly exchange views on all areas of EU action. The programme particularly encourages projects that collect citizens’ views but also ensure a practical link with the policymaking process, thus showing citizens how to engage in practice. The cumulative budget of these calls in 2021-2023 amounts to more than EUR 42 million. In 2024, a new call with a focus on children’s engagement and participation will take place. | ·In addition to the research and innovation projects currently underway under Horizon 2020 on participatory and deliberative democracy, there are new projects on the future of civic participation now launched under Horizon Europe. Another aspect of relevant research on which funding from the Horizon Europe programme is focusing is that of the fight against disinformation and Foreign Interference and Manipulation of Information (FIMI). (for more information see Report pg. 35) | ·Citizen engagement is also an important part of initiatives such as the EU Missions. | ·As part of the European Green Deal, the European Climate Pact provides a space for continuous conversation and for citizens and organisations across Europe to learn from and inspire each other and accelerate action. In 2021-2022, the Pact invited citizens to share their views on climate and environmental issues through participatory 'Peer Parliaments'. 461 Peer Parliaments – small groups of 5-10 individuals – across 26 EU Member States brainstormed ideas and solutions, which were then shared with EU policymakers and fed into the Conference on the Future of Europe. On 29 April 2022, citizens presented their recommendations on the climate transition to the Commission. The Pact also has also offered citizens opportunities to communicate directly with those in power to share their thoughts and opinions and to challenge them on complex issues – for example, through dialogues between young people and policymakers, with the organisation of two Youth Dialogues with the Commission on sustainable consumption and sustainable mobility. | ·The EU Youth Dialogue (EUYD), supported by the Erasmus+ programme, has been instrumental in fostering young people’s participation in decision-making processes and in developing public policies through consultations and exchanges. It is a flagship instrument of the EU Youth Strategy, which also came to the forefront in the 2022 European Year of Youth. Erasmus+ and the European Solidarity Corps continue to strengthen European identity and active citizenship among young people through relevant volunteering, educational and professional activities. (for more info see Report pg. 34) | 4. Komisija bo podprla aktivno udeležbo državljanov v demokratičnem procesu ter uporabila inovativne pristope k njihovemu vključevanju v zakonodajni postopek, da se zagotovi, da zakonodaja EU ustreza svojemu namenu in je usklajena z vrednotami EU. Dajala bo zgled s financiranjem projektov na podlagi programa Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote, ki podpirajo sodelovanje, posvetovanje in udeležbo evropskih državljanov v programu Obzorje Evropa ter pri prehodih v okviru evropskega zelenega dogovora. | ·Komisija je bila ena od institucij EU, ki je podprla organizacijo Konference o prihodnosti Evrope, in je zavezana izvajanju nadaljnjih ukrepov. Komisija se je v sporočilu, objavljenem junija 2022, zavezala, da bo participativne in posvetovalne postopke vključila v ključne trenutke in področja oblikovanja svojih politik, pri čemer bodo evropski državljanski forumi postali „redna značilnost našega demokratičnega življenja“. V letih 2022 in 2023 so bili organizirani trije državljanski forumi. (Za več informacij glej str. 33 poročila.) | ·Komisija v okviru nadaljnjih ukrepov po Konferenci tudi prenavlja portal Povejte svoje mnenje, ki bo služil kot enotna kontaktna točka za državljansko udejstvovanje. (Za več informacij glej str. 33 poročila.) | ·Komisija upravlja evropsko državljansko pobudo, instrument participativne demokracije, ki vsaj milijon državljanom EU omogoča, da Komisijo zaprosijo za predložitev predloga pravnega akta za izvajanje Pogodb EU. Revidirana uredba o evropski državljanski pobudi od leta 2020 državljanom lajša izvajanje in podpiranje državljanskih pobud. (Za več informacij glej str. 38 poročila.) | ·Delovna programa v zvezi s programom Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote za obdobji 2021–2022 in 2023–2024 sta vključevala razpise, ki podpirajo udejstvovanje in udeležbo evropskih državljanov. V delovnem programu za obdobje 2023–2024 je bil na primer poudarek na razpravi o prihodnosti Evrope, družbenem udejstvovanju državljanov ter inovativnih pristopih in orodjih, ki državljanom pomagajo pri izražanju stališč in javni izmenjavi mnenj o vseh področjih delovanja EU. V okviru programa se spodbujajo zlasti projekti, ki vključujejo zbiranje mnenj državljanov, hkrati pa zagotavljajo praktično povezavo s procesom oblikovanja politik in tako državljanom kažejo, kako udejstvovanje poteka v praksi. Skupni proračun teh razpisov v obdobju 2021–2023 presega 42 milijonov EUR. Leta 2024 bo objavljen nov razpis s poudarkom na udejstvovanju in udeležbi otrok. | ·Poleg raziskovalnih in inovacijskih projektov v zvezi s participativno in posvetovalno demokracijo, ki se trenutno izvajajo v okviru programa Obzorje 2020, so se začeli izvajati tudi novi projekti v zvezi s prihodnostjo državljanske udeležbe, in sicer v okviru programa Obzorje Evropa. Drug element zadevnih raziskav, na katerega se osredotoča financiranje v okviru programa Obzorje Evropa, je boj proti dezinformacijam ter tujemu vmešavanju in manipulaciji z informacijami. (Za več informacij glej str. 34 poročila.) | ·Državljansko udejstvovanje je tudi pomemben del pobud, kot so misije EU. | ·Evropski podnebni pakt, ki je del evropskega zelenega dogovora, omogoča nenehne razprave, v katerih se lahko državljani in organizacije po vsej Evropi učijo drug od drugega, navdihujejo drug drugega in pospešujejo ukrepanje. V obdobju 2021–2022 so bili državljani v okviru pakta pozvani, naj si stališča o podnebnih in okoljskih vprašanjih izmenjajo prek participativnih skupin, imenovanih parlamenti državljanov. V 461 majhnih skupinah parlamentov državljanov, ki so zajemali po pet do deset posameznikov iz 26 držav članic EU, so se zbirale ideje in rešitve, ki so bile nato posredovane oblikovalcem politik EU in vključene v Konferenco o prihodnosti Evrope. Državljani so 29. aprila 2022 Komisiji predstavili svoja priporočila o podnebnem prehodu. Pakt je državljanom ponudil tudi priložnost, da se obrnejo neposredno na oblasti, jim predstavijo svoje zamisli in mnenja ter jih pozovejo k obravnavi zapletenih vprašanj, na primer prek dialogov med mladimi in oblikovalci politik; organizirana sta bila dva mladinska dialoga s Komisijo o trajnostni potrošnji in trajnostni mobilnosti. | ·Mladinski dialog EU, ki ga podpira program Erasmus+, je ključnega pomena pri spodbujanju vključevanja mladih v procese odločanja in oblikovanja javnih politik na podlagi posvetovanj in izmenjav. Gre za vodilni instrument strategije EU za mlade, ki je prišel v ospredje tudi v evropskem letu mladih 2022. Erasmus+ in evropska solidarnostna enota med mladimi še naprej krepita evropsko identiteto in aktivno državljanstvo v okviru ustreznih prostovoljnih, izobraževalnih in poklicnih dejavnosti. (Za več informacij glej str. 33 in 34 poročila.) |
| 5. The Commission will fund specific local actions that aim to support the inclusion of EU citizens in EU society via the Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values programme. | ·Under the Citizens’ engagement and participation strand of CERV, the ‘Network of Towns’ includes funding activities to promote awareness and building knowledge of EU citizenship rights and associated European common values and common democratic standards, ensuring the provision of information to mobile EU citizens, including those in a precarious situation and EU citizens with a migrant background, and their family members, and encouraging the inclusion and democratic participation of mobile EU citizens and under-represented groups. | ·Different calls for proposals for town-twinning and networks of towns were launched between 2021 and 2023. The cumulative budget of these calls in 2021-2023 amounted to 26 million EUR. | ·The range of actions implemented by the CERV framework partners working in the area of citizens’ engagement include those in support to inclusion of mobile EU citizens. | 5. Komisija bo financirala posebne lokalne ukrepe, katerih cilj je podpreti vključevanje državljanov EU v evropsko družbo prek programa Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote. | ·Mreža mest v okviru sklopa Udeležba in sodelovanje državljanov programa Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote vključuje financiranje dejavnosti za spodbujanje ozaveščenosti in krepitev znanja o pravicah iz državljanstva EU ter povezanih skupnih evropskih vrednotah in skupnih demokratičnih standardih, zagotavljanje informacij mobilnim državljanom EU, vključno z državljani v negotovem položaju in državljani EU iz migrantskega okolja, in njihovim družinskim članom ter spodbujanje vključevanja in demokratične udeležbe mobilnih državljanov EU in nezadostno zastopanih skupin. | ·Med letoma 2021 in 2023 so bili objavljeni različni razpisi za zbiranje predlogov v zvezi s partnerstvi med mesti in mrežami mest. Skupni proračun teh razpisov je v obdobju 2021–2023 znašal 26 milijonov EUR. | ·Med ukrepi, ki jih izvajajo partnerji v okviru programa Državljani, enakost, pravice in vrednote, ki delujejo na področju državljanskega udejstvovanja, so tudi ukrepi, ki podpirajo vključevanje mobilnih državljanov EU. |
| 6. The Commission will raise EU-wide awareness about the importance of participation in culture for society and democracy through targeted actions including funding. | ·In June 2023, the Commission published the report “Culture and Democracy – the evidence: how citizens’ participation in cultural activities enhances civic engagement, democracy and social cohesion”. The report demonstrates, with international evidence, that citizens’ participation in cultural activities has a clear and positive correlation with civic engagement, democratic attitudes and social cohesion. The report shows that citizens who participate regularly in inclusive and meaningful cultural activities are more likely to vote, to volunteer, and to participate in community activities, projects, and organisations. The report illustrates the many ways in which citizen participation in cultural activities, and in the social settings that support them, helps individuals and communities engage in civic and democratic life. It reviews international evidence on this topic, distils key policy lessons and highlights examples of successful actions from several EU Member States and beyond. The evidence leaves no doubt that investing in citizens’ participation in inclusive cultural activities is essential in any effort to promote civic engagement, democratic vitality and social cohesion in the EU. | ·The Council Work Plan for Culture 2023-2026 (adopted at the end of November 2022), under its priority theme “Culture for the people: enhancing cultural participation and the role of culture in society” includes an action “Culture and promoting democracy: towards cultural citizenship in Europe”. Peer-learning and a possible conference bringing together policymakers and relevant stakeholders in the cultural and educational sectors are expected in this context. | 6. Komisija bo po vsej EU na podlagi ciljnih ukrepov, vključno s financiranjem, ozaveščala o pomenu udeležbe v kulturi za družbo in demokracijo. | ·Komisija je junija 2023 objavila poročilo z naslovom Culture and Democracy – the evidence: how citizens’ participation in cultural activities enhances civic engagement, democracy and social cohesion (Kultura in demokracija – dokazi: kako udeležba državljanov v kulturnih dejavnostih krepi državljansko udejstvovanje, demokracijo in socialno kohezijo). Poročilo na podlagi mednarodnih dokazov kaže, da je udeležba državljanov v kulturnih dejavnostih jasno in pozitivno povezana z državljanskim udejstvovanjem, demokratičnim odnosom in socialno kohezijo. Poročilo kaže tudi, da se državljani, ki se redno udeležujejo vključujočih in smiselnih kulturnih dejavnosti, v večji meri udeležujejo volitev, opravljajo prostovoljna dela ter sodelujejo v dejavnostih, projektih in organizacijah skupnosti. Poročilo vključuje več primerov tega, kako udeležba državljanov v kulturnih dejavnostih in spodbudnih družbenih okoljih prispeva k državljanskemu in demokratičnemu udejstvovanju posameznikov in skupnosti. Vsebuje pregled mednarodnih dokazov na to temo, povzema politične ugotovitve in izpostavlja primere uspešnih ukrepov v več državah članicah EU in zunaj njih. Dokazi nedvoumno kažejo, da je vlaganje v udeležbo državljanov v vključujočih kulturnih dejavnostih bistvenega pomena pri vsakršnih prizadevanjih za spodbujanje državljanskega udejstvovanja, demokratične vitalnosti in socialne kohezije v EU. | ·Delovni načrt Sveta za kulturo za obdobje 2023–2026 (sprejet konec novembra 2022) v okviru prednostne teme Kultura za ljudi: krepitev kulturnega udejstvovanja in vloge kulture v družbi vključuje ukrep Kultura in spodbujanje demokracije: na poti h kulturnemu državljanstvu v Evropi. V tem okviru se pričakujeta vzajemno učenje in morebitna konferenca, na kateri se bodo zbrali oblikovalci politik in ustrezni deležniki iz kulturnega in izobraževalnega sektorja. |
| Facilitating the exercise of free movement and simplifying daily life | Lajšanje prostega gibanja in poenostavitev vsakodnevnega življenja |
| Improving legal certainty when exercising free movement rights | Izboljšanje pravne varnosti pri uveljavljanju pravic do prostega gibanja |
| 7. In 2022, the Commission will improve legal certainty for EU citizens exercising their free movement rights and for national administrations by updating the 2009 EU guidelines on free movement. The updated guidelines will take into account the diversity of families (rainbow families), the application of specific measures, such as those introduced due to public health concerns, as well as the relevant judgments by the Court of Justice. | ·Seeking to improve the legal certainty and to facilitate in practice the application of the current free movement acquis across the EU, the Commission is adopting a review of the 2009 Communication on guidance for better transposition and application of Directive 2004/38/EC as part of the ‘Citizenship Package’. The updated guidance provides legal interpretations, practical orientations and examples on key questions. It aims to guarantee a more effective and uniform application of the free movement legislation across the EU. It integrates the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU handed down since 2009 and provides clarifications on specific issues faced by citizens and national administrations. It takes into account the diversity of families (including rainbow families). (for more information see Report pg. 5 and 20-21) | 7. Leta 2022 bo Komisija posodobila smernice EU o prostem gibanju iz leta 2009 in s tem izboljšala pravno varnost državljanov EU, ki uveljavljajo svoje pravice do prostega gibanja, ter nacionalnih organov. V posodobljenih smernicah se bodo upoštevale raznolikost družin (mavrične družine), uporaba posebnih ukrepov, kot so tisti, ki so uvedeni zaradi skrbi za javno zdravje, ter upoštevne sodbe Sodišča. | ·Komisija si prizadeva za izboljšanje pravne varnosti in olajšanje uporabe veljavnega pravnega reda o prostem gibanju po vsej EU v praksi, zato je v okviru svežnja o državljanstvu pregledala sporočilo iz leta 2009 o smernicah za boljši prenos in učinkovitejšo uporabo Direktive 2004/38/ES. Posodobljene smernice vsebujejo pravne razlage, praktične nasvete in primere ključnih vprašanj. Njihov cilj je zagotoviti učinkovitejšo in enotnejšo uporabo zakonodaje o prostem gibanju po vsej EU. Vključujejo upoštevno sodno prakso Sodišča EU, vzpostavljeno od leta 2009, in zagotavljajo pojasnila v zvezi s specifičnimi vprašanji, s katerimi se srečujejo državljani in nacionalne uprave. V njih se upošteva raznolikost družin (vključno z mavričnimi družinami). (Za več informacij glej str. 5, 20 in 21 poročila.) |
| 8. In line with the Withdrawal Agreement, the Commission will continue to support the protection of the rights of EU citizens who as a result of exercising their right to free movement while the UK was still a member of the EU, were | resident in the UK before the end of the transition period. | ·The Commission continued to work on the citizens’ rights part of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement. This includes ensuring that the rights of Withdrawal Agreement beneficiaries and their family members are respected in other policy areas, in particular as regards travel into and inside the Schengen area. (for more information see Report pg. 21) | ·The Commission regularly raises concerns regarding the UK’s implementation of the part of the Withdrawal Agreement on citizens’ rights. In addition, the Commission is concerned about the integrity of the UK’s digital status. (for more information see Report pg. 21-22) | 8. Komisija bo v skladu s sporazumom o izstopu še naprej podpirala varstvo pravic državljanov EU, ki so pred iztekom prehodnega obdobja prebivali v Združenem kraljestvu na podlagi pravice do prostega gibanja, ki so jo uveljavljali, | ko je bilo Združeno kraljestvo še država članica EU. | ·Komisija je še naprej izvajala dejavnosti v zvezi z delom sporazuma o izstopu Združenega kraljestva iz EU, ki se nanaša na pravice državljanov. To vključuje zagotavljanje, da se pravice upravičencev v okviru sporazuma o izstopu in njihovih družinskih članov upoštevajo na drugih področjih politike, zlasti pri potovanjih na schengensko območje in znotraj njega. (Za več informacij glej str. 21 poročila.) | ·Komisija redno izraža pomisleke glede tega, kako Združeno kraljestvo izvaja del sporazuma o izstopu, ki se nanaša na pravice državljanov. Pomisleke ima tudi glede celovitosti digitalnega statusa Združenega kraljestva. (Za več informacij glej str. 21 in 22 poročila.) |
| Simplifying cross-border work and travel | Poenostavitev čezmejnega dela in potovanja |
| 9. The Commission will work with Member States to promote the inclusions of cross-border e-government and e-business solutions into newly issued ID cards. | ·On 8 November 2023, the European Parliament and the Council reached a political agreement on the Regulation establishing a framework for a European Digital Identity. The European Digital Identity Wallets (EDIWs) will be available to all EU citizens, residents, and businesses, allowing them to identify themselves online and offline seamlessly across borders for public and private services. (for more information see Report pg. 23) | 9. Komisija si bo z državami članicami prizadevala spodbujati vključevanje čezmejnih rešitev s področja e-uprave in e-poslovanja v novoizdane osebne izkaznice. | ·Evropski parlament in Svet sta 8. novembra 2023 dosegla politični dogovor o uredbi o vzpostavitvi okvira za evropsko digitalno identiteto. Vsem državljanom, prebivalcem in podjetjem EU bodo na voljo evropske denarnice za digitalno identiteto, s katerimi se lahko prek spleta in zunaj njega brez težav čezmejno identificirajo za namene dostopa do javnih in zasebnih storitev. (Za več informacij glej str. 23 poročila.) |
| 10. The Commission will launch in 2021 an initiative on EU taxpayers’ rights and to simplify tax obligations for EU citizens. | ·The Commission is in discussion with Member States on a number of questions that touch upon taxpayers’ rights, including taxpayers’ obligations. The scope of the discussion has been widened to cover the developments triggered by the pandemic and the increased use of information technology solutions. | 10. Komisija bo leta 2021 vložila pobudo o pravicah davkoplačevalcev EU in poenostavitvi davčnih obveznosti državljanov EU. | ·Komisija z državami članicami razpravlja o številnih vprašanjih, ki zadevajo pravice davkoplačevalcev, vključno z njihovimi obveznostmi. V obseg razprave so bile vključene spremembe, do katerih je prišlo zaradi pandemije in večje uporabe rešitev informacijske tehnologije. |
| 11. The Commission will launch an initiative to support further the development of multimodal journey planners, as well as digital services facilitating the booking and payment of the different mobility offers. | ·The revision of the Delegated Regulation on Multimodal Travel Information Services (MMTIS) has been adopted on 29 November 2023. With the revision expanding the obligation to make dynamic (real-time) data accessible via National Access Points, multimodal travel information services will be able to better provide the passenger with accurate and real-time information to plan a journey and to travel. With the revision, service providers could for example offer passengers real-time information on delays or cancellation of their plane, ferry, or transport on demand service at a greater scale thanks to the harmonised requirements. | ·In parallel, the Commission is still working on the enablers needed to further support distribution of tickets across modes, facilitating the development of MDMS services (B2B and B2C) and therefore facilitating multimodality. | 11. Komisija bo vložila pobudo za nadaljnjo podporo razvoju načrtovalcev multimodalnih poti ter digitalnih storitev, ki lajšajo rezervacijo in plačilo različnih ponudb s področja mobilnosti. | ·29. novembra 2023 je bila sprejeta revizija delegirane uredbe o storitvah zagotavljanja večmodalnih potovalnih informacij. Revizija, v okviru katere je bila obveznost zagotavljanja dostopa do dinamičnih podatkov (v realnem času) prek nacionalnih dostopnih točk razširjena, omogoča, da se bodo potnikom v okviru storitev zagotavljanja multimodalnih potovalnih informacij učinkoviteje zagotavljale natančne informacije v realnem času za načrtovanje poti in potovanje. Uskladitev zahtev, izvedena v okviru revizije, ponudnikom storitev na primer omogoča, da potnikom v večjem obsegu zagotavljajo informacije v realnem času o zamudah ali odpovedi letal, trajektov ali storitev prevoza po naročilu. | ·Hkrati si Komisija še vedno prizadeva v zvezi z dejavniki, potrebnimi za zagotavljanje nadaljnje podpore pri distribuciji vozovnic za različne načine prevoza, olajšanje razvoja storitve multimodalne digitalne mobilnosti (v okviru medpodjetniškega poslovanja ter dejavnosti med podjetji in potrošniki) in posledično olajšanje multimodalnosti. |
| Promoting and protecting EU citizenship | Spodbujanje in zaščita državljanstva EU |
| Protecting EU citizenship | Zaščita državljanstva EU |
| 12. The Commission will continue to monitor the risks posed by investor schemes for EU citizenship, including in the context of ongoing infringement procedures, and intervene as necessary. | ·The Commission considers that granting EU citizenship in return for pre-determined payments or investments without any genuine link to the Member State concerned is not compatible with the principle of sincere cooperation and with the concept of EU citizenship. | ·In 2020, the Commission launched infringement procedures against two Member States regarding their investor citizenship schemes. Since then, one Member State has suspended its scheme. As the other Member State did not satisfactorily address the concerns raised by the Commission, the Commission decided to refer this Member State to the Court of Justice of the European Union. (for more information see Report pg. 9) | 12. Komisija bo še naprej spremljala tveganja, ki jih sheme državljanstva za vlagatelje pomenijo za državljanstvo EU, tudi v okviru postopkov ugotavljanja kršitev, ki že potekajo, ter po potrebi ukrepala. | ·Komisija meni, da podeljevanje državljanstva EU v zameno za vnaprej določena plačila ali naložbe brez dejanske povezave z zadevno državo članico ni združljivo z načelom lojalnega sodelovanja in konceptom državljanstva EU. | ·Komisija je v letu 2020 proti dvema državama članicama začela postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev v zvezi z njunima shemama državljanstva za vlagatelje. Od takrat je ena država članica svojo shemo opustila. Ker druga država članica ni zadovoljivo odpravila pomislekov Komisije, se je Komisija odločila, da zoper to državo članico sproži postopek na Sodišču Evropske unije. (Za več informacij glej str. 9 poročila.) |
| Promoting EU citizenship and EU values | Spodbujanje državljanstva in vrednot EU |
| 13. The Commission will propose new equality and anti-discrimination measures, as announced in the strategic documents. | ·The Commission delivered on several of the key objectives of its Gender Equality Strategy. In March 2022, the Commission adopted a proposal for a directive on violence against women and domestic violence. In 2022 and 2023, the Commission also facilitated an agreement between the European Parliament and the Council on the Directive on gender balance in company boards and the Directive on Pay Transparency as well as the finalisation of the EU accession to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. (for more information see Report pg. 12-13) | ·The Commission continued implementation of its ambitious EU anti-racism action plan 2020-2025. This included, among others, the appointment of the first Anti-Racism coordinator, and work on supporting Member States to develop national action plans against racism and racial discrimination. (for more information see Report pg. 13-14) | ·In its efforts to combat hate speech and hate crime, the Commission is ensuring the effective transposition of the Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia. The Commission adopted a Communication to extend the list of 'EU crimes' laid down in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to include hate crime and hate speech. The Commission is also negotiating a revision of the 2016 Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online. (for more information see Report pg. 14) | ·The Commission also continued to implement the 2020-2030 EU Roma Strategic Framework for Equality, Inclusion and Participation, which is one of the first deliverables of the EU Anti-racism Action Plan. This included, among others, a Communication assessing Member States’ national Roma strategic frameworks. (for more information see Report pg. 14) | ·The implementation of the first ever EU Strategy on Combating Antisemitism and Fostering Jewish Life 2021–2030 progressed, including with Council conclusions on combating racism and antisemitism in March 2022, inviting Member States to develop national strategies against antisemitism by the end of 2022. (for more information see Report pg. 15) | ·In 2023, the Commission also appointed a new Coordinator on combating anti-Muslim hatred. (for more information see Report pg. 15) | ·The Commission also continued to make progress on the Strategy on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Work included launching the Disability Platform, a Disability Employment Package, and the adoption of a proposal for a directive establishing the European Disability Card and the European Parking Card for persons with disabilities. The recast of the Rail Passenger Rights Regulation and the ‘Better protection for passengers and their rights’ initiative also contain improved rights for persons with disabilities and with reduced mobility. Finally, the Commission is also presenting a “Guide of good electoral practice addressing participation of citizens with disabilities in the electoral process” as part of the Citizenship Package. (for more information see Report pg. 15-16) | ·The Commission continued to implement the EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child and set up the EU Childrens’ Participation Platform. (for more information see Report pg. 16-17) | ·The Commission also made further progress on its first-ever LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025. Work included the adoption of guidelines to support Member States in taking concrete action to enhance protection of the rights of LGBTIQ people. (for more information see Report pg. 17) | ·In December 2020, the Commission adopted a strategy to strengthen the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the EU. (for more information see Report pg. 17-18) | ·In December 2022, the Commission presented legislative proposals to strengthen the role of equality bodies. (for more information see Report pg. 18) | ·The Commission celebrated EU Diversity Month and held the first ever European Capitals of Inclusion and Diversity Awards. (for more information see Report pg. 18) | 13. Komisija bo predlagala nove ukrepe na področju enakosti in prepovedi diskriminacije, kot jih je napovedala v strateških dokumentih. | ·Komisija je uresničila več ključnih ciljev svoje strategije za enakost spolov. Marca 2022 je sprejela predlog direktive o boju proti nasilju nad ženskami in nasilju v družini. V letih 2022 in 2023 je omogočila tudi sklenitev dogovora med Evropskim parlamentom in Svetom glede direktive o uravnoteženi zastopanosti spolov v organih družb in direktive o preglednosti plačil ter zaključek postopka pristopa EU h Konvenciji Sveta Evrope o preprečevanju nasilja nad ženskami in nasilja v družini ter o boju proti njima. (Za več informacij glej str. 12 in 13 poročila.) | ·Komisija je še naprej izvajala ambiciozen akcijski načrt EU za boj proti rasizmu za obdobje 2020–2025. To je med drugim vključevalo imenovanje prvega koordinatorja za boj proti rasizmu in zagotavljanje podpore državam članicam pri pripravi nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov za boj proti rasizmu in rasni diskriminaciji. (Za več informacij glej str. 13 in 14 poročila.) | ·Komisija v okviru boja proti sovražnemu govoru in kaznivim dejanjem iz sovraštva zagotavlja učinkovit prenos okvirnega sklepa o boju proti rasizmu in ksenofobiji. Sprejela je sporočilo o vključitvi kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva in sovražnega govora na evropski seznam kaznivih dejanja iz Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije. Poleg tega se Komisija pogaja o reviziji kodeksa ravnanja za odpravo nezakonitega sovražnega govora na spletu iz leta 2016. (Za več informacij glej str. 14 poročila.) | ·Komisija je še naprej izvajala strateški okvir EU za enakost, vključevanje in udeležbo Romov za obdobje 2020–2030, ki je eden od prvih rezultatov akcijskega načrta EU za boj proti rasizmu. V okviru tega je med drugim sprejela sporočilo o oceni nacionalnih strateških okvirov držav članic za Rome. (Za več informacij glej str. 14 in 15 poročila.) | ·Pri izvajanju prve strategije EU za boj proti antisemitizmu in negovanje judovskega življenja za obdobje 2021–2030 je bil dosežen napredek, ki je vključeval sklepe Sveta o boju proti rasizmu in antisemitizmu, sprejete marca 2022, v katerih je Svet države članice pozval, naj do konca leta 2022 pripravijo nacionalne strategije za boj proti antisemitizmu. (Za več informacij glej str. 15 poročila). | ·Komisija je leta 2023 imenovala tudi novega koordinatorja za boj proti sovraštvu do muslimanov. (Za več informacij glej str. 15 poročila.) | ·Komisija je dosegla nadaljnji napredek tudi pri izvajanju strategije o pravicah invalidov. Njeno delo je vključevalo vzpostavitev platforme za invalidnost, sveženj ukrepov za zaposlovanje invalidov ter sprejetje predloga direktive o uvedbi evropske kartice ugodnosti za invalide in evropske parkirne karte za invalide. Okrepljene pravice invalidov in oseb z zmanjšano mobilnostjo vključujeta tudi prenovljena uredba o pravicah potnikov v železniškem prometu ter pobuda za izboljšanje varstva potnikov in krepitev njihovih pravic. Komisija je v okviru svežnja o državljanstvu predstavila tudi Priročnik dobrih volilnih praks o udeležbi invalidov v volilnem procesu v državah članicah. (Za več informacij glej str. 15 in 16 poročila.) | ·Komisija je še naprej izvajala strategijo EU o otrokovih pravicah in vzpostavila platformo EU za udeležbo otrok. (Za več informacij glej str. 16 in 17 poročila.) | ·Komisija je dosegla nadaljnji napredek tudi pri izvajanju svoje prve strategije za enakost LGBTIQ oseb za obdobje 2020–2025. Njeno delo je vključevalo sprejetje smernic v podporo državam članicam pri sprejemanju konkretnih ukrepov za krepitev varstva pravic LGBTIQ oseb. (Za več informacij glej str. 17 poročila.) | ·Komisija je decembra 2020 sprejela strategijo za okrepitev uporabe Listine o temeljnih pravicah v EU. (Za več informacij glej str. 17 in 18 poročila.) | ·Komisija je decembra 2022 predstavila zakonodajna predloga za okrepitev vloge organov za enakost. (Za več informacij glej str. 18 poročila.) | ·Komisija je praznovala mesec raznolikosti EU in prvič podelila nagrade za evropske prestolnice vključevanja in raznolikosti. (Za več informacij glej str. 18 poročila.) |
| 14. The Commission will support young Europeans’ sense of European identity through the ERASMUS+ programme, the European Solidarity Corps Programme and the Jean Monnet Actions. | ·To promote EU citizenship education from an early stage, the Jean Monnet actions were extended to ‘other levels of education and training’ for the new Erasmus+ funding period. The European Commission also launched the 'EU democracy in action - Have your say with the European Citizens' Initiative' toolkit for secondary schools. As indicated above, Erasmus+ and the European Solidarity Corps continue to strengthen European identity and active citizenship among young people through relevant volunteering, educational and professional activities. (for more information see Report pg. 8) | 14. Komisija bo spodbujala razvoj evropske identitete mladih prek programa ERASMUS+, programa evropske solidarnostne enote in ukrepov Jean Monnet. | ·Da bi se izobraževanje o državljanstvu EU spodbudilo že v zgodnji fazi, so bili ukrepi Jean Monnet v novem obdobju financiranja programa Erasmus+ razširjeni na druge ravni izobraževanja in usposabljanja. Evropska komisija je pripravila tudi gradivo za srednje šole Demokracija EU v praksi – povejte svoje mnenje z evropsko državljansko pobudo. Kot že navedeno, Erasmus+ in evropska solidarnostna enota med mladimi še naprej krepita evropsko identiteto in aktivno državljanstvo v okviru ustreznih prostovoljnih, izobraževalnih in poklicnih dejavnosti. (Za več informacij glej str. 8 poročila.) |
| 15. The Commission will continue to monitor the impact of restrictive measures, specifically those put in place during crises, on EU citizenship rights, free and fair elections and a fair democratic debate until such measures are lifted and will continue to facilitate Member States exchange best practices on these issues in the European Cooperation Network on Elections. | ·The Commission continuously underlined that any restrictive measures must respect EU law and fundamental rights. In particular, emergency measures have to be limited in time and respect the principles of legality, proportionality and non-discrimination. Equally critical is the ability to maintain the checks and balances, particularly through the continued scrutiny by national parliaments and courts as well as independent authorities. | ·As reflected in the successive Rule of Law Reports, the Commission monitored closely all emergency regimes adopted by Member States and took stock of the progressive lifting of such regimes and related restrictions across the EU. | ·When it comes to the exercise of the right to move and reside freely within the EU, the Commission emphasised that any measures limiting this right to protect public health, must respect EU law principles such as proportionality and non-discrimination. The Commission worked relentlessly to foster cooperation and coordination among Member States on this issue. In particular, the Commission established the EU Digital COVID Certificate, as a reliable and trustworthy way to demonstrate proof of COVID-19 vaccination, recovery, or test status, which avoided a fragmented and likely incompatible system of national certificates. Together with different Council Recommendations on a coordinated approach to the restriction of free movement, the EU Digital COVID Certificate facilitated free movement within the EU when travel restrictions were still deemed necessary, and, at the same time, allowed for a coordinated lifting of these restrictions once possible. (for more information see Report pg. 23-25) | ·When it comes to the issue of free and fair elections and a fair democratic debate, Member States exchanged best practices during different dedicated sessions of the European Cooperation Network on Elections. This included the participation of the Venice Commission and ODIHR to present on high election standards during pandemics. | 15. Komisija bo še naprej spremljala učinek omejevalnih ukrepov na pravice iz državljanstva EU, svobodne in poštene volitve ter pošteno demokratično razpravo, zlasti ukrepov, uvedenih med krizo, dokler ti niso odpravljeni, in bo še naprej spodbujala države članice pri izmenjavi dobrih praks o teh vprašanjih v okviru evropske mreže za volilno sodelovanje. | ·Komisija nenehno poudarja, da morajo biti vsi omejevalni ukrepi skladni s pravom EU in temeljnimi pravicami. Zlasti izredni ukrepi morajo biti časovno omejeni ter skladni z načeli zakonitosti, sorazmernosti in nediskriminacije. Enako pomembna je tudi sposobnost ohranjanja zavor in ravnovesij, zlasti s stalnim nadzorom, ki ga izvajajo nacionalni parlamenti in sodišča ter neodvisni organi. | ·Kot je razvidno iz zaporedno izdanih poročil o stanju pravne države, je Komisija pozorno spremljala vse izredne ureditve, ki so jih uvedle države članice, ter beležila postopno odpravljanje teh ureditev in povezanih omejitev po vsej EU. | ·V zvezi z uveljavljanjem pravice do prostega gibanja in prebivanja v EU je Komisija poudarila, da morajo biti vsi ukrepi, ki to pravico omejujejo zaradi varovanja javnega zdravja, skladni z načeli prava EU, kot sta načeli sorazmernosti in nediskriminacije. Komisija je vztrajno spodbujala sodelovanje in usklajevanje med državami članicami na tem področju. Natančneje, uvedla je digitalno COVID potrdilo EU, ki je zanesljiv in zaupanja vreden način dokazovanja cepljenja proti COVID-19, prebolelosti ali testiranja in ki je preprečilo uveljavitev sistema nacionalnih potrdil, ki bi bil razdrobljen in verjetno nezdružljiv. Digitalno COVID potrdilo EU je skupaj z različnimi priporočili Sveta o usklajenem pristopu k omejevanju prostega gibanja olajšalo prosto gibanje po EU, ko so bile omejitve potovanj še vedno potrebne, hkrati pa omogočilo usklajeno odpravo teh omejitev, ko je bilo to mogoče. (Za več informacij glej str. 23–25 poročila.) | ·Države članice so si na več posebnih sejah evropske mreže za volilno sodelovanje izmenjale dobre prakse na področju svobodnih in poštenih volitev ter poštene demokratične razprave. Pri tem sta sodelovala tudi Beneška komisija in Urad za demokratične institucije in človekove pravice (ODIHR), ki sta predstavila visoke volilne standarde v času pandemij. |
| Protecting EU citizens in Europe and abroad, including in times of crisis/emergency | Zaščita državljanov EU v Evropi in tujini, tudi med krizo/izrednimi razmerami |
| Solidarity in action for citizens in the EU | Solidarnost v dejanjih z državljani znotraj EU |
| 16. The Commission will implement the EU strategy for COVID-19 vaccines together with the Member States, giving all citizens quick, equitable and affordable access to these vaccines. The Commission will continue its work on building a strong European Health Union, in which Member States prepare and respond together to health crises, medical supplies are available, affordable and innovative, and countries work together to improve prevention, treatment and aftercare for diseases such as cancer. | ·The EU’s COVID-19 vaccine strategy continued to prove successful. In total, between the start of the pandemic and October 2023, more than 981 million doses have been administered to Europeans. | ·The EU contributed to international solidarity by sharing COVID-19 vaccines. By end of 2023, Team Europe shared over 530 million vaccines doses, of which over 444 million through COVAX and 86 million bilaterally. | ·Together with its Member States, the EU is building a strong European Health Union to better protect the health of EU citizens, prevent and prepare for future pandemics and improve Europe’s overall health systems. The new Cross-border Health Threats Regulation, adopted in 2022, will provide the EU with a comprehensive legal framework to govern coordinated action on preparedness, surveillance, risk assessment, and early warning and response measures. | ·The European Health Data Space is a key pillar of a strong European Health Union. It supports individuals to take control of their own health data, supports the use of health data for better healthcare delivery, better research, innovation and policy making, and enables the EU to make full use of the potential offered by a safe and secure exchange, use and reuse of health data. | ·In 2022, the EU increased the authority of an existing health agency. The European Medicines Agency can now monitor the health sector and take action to prevent medicine shortages and facilitate faster approvals of medicines to end a public health crisis. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has also received more authority to support the EU and its Member States in the prevention and control of communicable disease threats. | ·Adopted in 2021, Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan signals the EU’s renewed commitment to cancer prevention and providing equal access to cancer diagnosis and treatment. | 16. Komisija bo z državami članicami izvajala strategijo EU za cepiva proti COVID-19, s čimer bo vsem državljanom zagotovila hiter, pravičen in cenovno ugoden dostop do teh cepiv. Komisija si bo še naprej prizadevala vzpostaviti trdno evropsko zdravstveno unijo, v kateri se države članice pripravljajo in skupaj odzivajo na zdravstvene krize, v kateri je medicinska oprema na voljo, cenovno dostopna in inovativna, države pa sodelujejo pri izboljševanju preprečevanja, zdravljenja in naknadne nege v primeru bolezni, kot je rak. | ·Strategija EU za cepiva proti COVID-19 je bila še naprej uspešna. Od začetka pandemije do oktobra 2023 so Evropejci skupaj prejeli več kot 981 milijonov odmerkov cepiva. | ·EU je z zagotavljanjem cepiv proti COVID-19 prispevala k mednarodni solidarnosti. Do konca leta 2023 je Ekipa Evropa zagotovila več kot 530 milijonov odmerkov cepiv, od tega več kot 444 milijonov prek instrumenta COVAX, 86 milijonov pa v okviru dvostranskih izmenjav. | ·EU skupaj z državami članicami gradi močno evropsko zdravstveno unijo, s katero bo bolje varovala zdravje državljanov EU, preprečevala prihodnje pandemije in se pripravljala nanje ter na splošno izboljšala zdravstvene sisteme v Evropi. Nova uredba o čezmejnih grožnjah za zdravje, ki je bila sprejeta leta 2022, bo EU zagotovila celovit pravni okvir za upravljanje usklajenih ukrepov v zvezi s pripravljenostjo, spremljanjem, ocenjevanjem tveganj ter zgodnjim opozarjanjem in odzivanjem. | ·Evropski zdravstveni podatkovni prostor je ključni steber močne evropske zdravstvene unije. Podpira posameznike pri prevzemanju nadzora nad njihovimi zdravstvenimi podatki ter uporabo zdravstvenih podatkov za boljše zagotavljanje zdravstvenega varstva, boljše raziskave, inovacije in oblikovanje politik, EU pa omogoča, da v celoti izkoristi potencial varne in zanesljive izmenjave, uporabe in ponovne uporabe zdravstvenih podatkov. | ·EU je leta 2022 povečala pristojnosti obstoječe zdravstvene agencije. Evropska agencija za zdravila lahko zdaj spremlja zdravstveni sektor ter sprejema ukrepe za preprečevanje pomanjkanja in hitrejšo odobritev zdravil, da bi končala krizo v javnem zdravju. Tudi Evropski center za preprečevanje in obvladovanje bolezni je dobil več pooblastil za podporo EU in njenim državam članicam pri preprečevanju in spremljanju groženj nalezljivih bolezni. | ·Evropski načrt za boj proti raku, sprejet leta 2021, je izraz obnovljene zavezanosti EU k preprečevanju raka ter zagotavljanju enakega dostopa do diagnosticiranja in zdravljenja raka. |
| 17. The Commission will increase its support for young EU citizens, including those from disadvantaged groups, to help them access education, training and finally the labour market through the strengthened Youth Guarantee scheme. | ·In response to the recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 the Commission presented the ‘Youth Employment Support (YES): a bridge to jobs for the next generation’ package. | ·The reinforced Youth Guarantee was at the heart of the YES package as the EU’s reference policy framework to fight youth unemployment and inactivity. It built on the experience and lessons learnt from 7 years implementation of the 2013 Youth Guarantee and included an ambitious headline commitment. Member States should ensure that all young people under 30 years of age receive a good quality offer of employment, continued education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within a period of four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education. | ·The reinforced recommendation places particular attention to reaching out to and supporting the most vulnerable young people. This includes NEETs (people Not in Education, Employment or Training), but also young people with low skills and those living in rural or disadvantaged urban areas paying attention to the gender and diversity of the young people who are being targeted through targeted and individualised support that takes into account their diversity. | 17. Komisija bo izboljšala podporo mladim državljanom EU, tudi tistim iz prikrajšanih skupin, kar jim bo v pomoč pri dostopu do izobraževanja, usposabljanja in nazadnje na trg dela, in sicer na podlagi okrepljenega jamstva za mlade. | ·Komisija je leta 2020 v odziv na recesijo, ki jo je povzročila pandemija COVID-19, predstavila sveženj za podpiranje zaposlovanja mladih: most do delovnih mest za naslednjo generacijo. | ·Okrepljeno jamstvo za mlade je bilo v središču svežnja za podpiranje zaposlovanja mladih, in sicer kot referenčni okvir politike EU za boj proti brezposelnosti in neaktivnosti mladih. Temelji na izkušnjah in spoznanjih, pridobljenih v sedemletnem obdobju izvajanja jamstva za mlade iz leta 2013, ter vključuje ambiciozno krovno zavezo. Države članice bi morale zagotoviti, da vse osebe, mlajše od 30 let, v obdobju štirih mesecev po tem, ko postanejo brezposelne ali prenehajo s formalnim izobraževanjem, prejmejo kakovostno ponudbo za zaposlitev, nadaljnje izobraževanje, vajeništvo ali pripravništvo. | ·V okrepljenem priporočilu je posebna pozornost namenjena doseganju in podpiranju najranljivejših mladih. Ti vključujejo mlade, ki niso zaposleni, se ne izobražujejo ali usposabljajo, pa tudi nizko usposobljene mlade in mlade, ki živijo na podeželju ali na prikrajšanih mestnih območjih, pri čemer se pri zagotavljanju ciljno usmerjene in individualizirane podpore upoštevata njihov spol in raznolikost. |
| Solidarity in action for citizens outside the EU | Solidarnost v dejanjih z državljani zunaj EU |
| 18. The Commission will review in 2021 EU rules on consular protection in order to improve the EU’s and Member States’ preparedness and capacity to protect and support European citizens in times of crisis. | ·As part of the Citizenship Package, the Commission is adopting a proposal to amend the Consular Protection Directive to strengthen the right of EU citizens to consular protection, especially in crisis situations. (for more information see Report pg. 5 and 36) | 18. Komisija bo leta 2021 pregledala pravila EU o konzularni zaščiti, da bi izboljšala pripravljenost in zmogljivost EU in držav članic, da v kriznih časih zaščitijo evropske državljane in jim pomagajo. | ·Komisija je v okviru svežnja o državljanstvu sprejela predlog o spremembi direktive o konzularni zaščiti, da bi okrepila pravico državljanov EU do konzularne zaščite, zlasti v kriznih razmerah. (Za več informacij glej str. 5, 35 in 36 poročila.) |
| ANNEX II | PRILOGA II |
| 1.Introduction | 1.Uvod |
| This Annex sets out an overview of relevant judgments by the Court of Justice of the European Union (the ‘Court’) on non-discrimination and EU citizenship for the period from 30 June 2020 to 25 August 2023 2 . In particular, this overview contains summaries of: | Ta priloga vsebuje pregled upoštevanih sodb Sodišča Evropske unije (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Sodišče) v zvezi z nediskriminacijo in državljanstvom EU, izrečenih v obdobju od 30. junija 2020 do 25. avgusta 2023 2 . Pregled vsebuje zlasti povzetke: |
| ·3 cases related to non-discrimination on grounds of nationality (Article 18 TFEU); | ·treh zadev, povezanih s prepovedjo diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo (člen 18 PDEU); |
| ·5 cases related to combating discrimination on the basis of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation (Article 19 TFEU); | ·petih zadev, povezanih z bojem proti diskriminaciji na podlagi spola, rase ali narodnosti, vere ali prepričanja, invalidnosti, starosti ali spolne usmerjenosti (člen 19 PDEU); |
| ·7 cases related to EU citizenship (Article 20(1) TFEU); | ·sedmih zadev, povezanih z državljanstvom EU (člen 20(1) PDEU); |
| ·18 3 cases related to the right to move and reside freely in the territory of the Member States (Articles 20(2) and 21 TFEU) and its implementation through the Free Movement Directive 4 ; | ·18 3 zadev, povezanih s pravico do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic (člen 20(2) in člen 21 PDEU) ter njenim uveljavljanjem na podlagi direktive o prostem gibanju 4 ; |
| ·2 cases related to the European Citizens’ Initiative (Art. 24 TFEU, Art. 11(4) TEU). | ·dveh zadev, povezanih z evropsko državljansko pobudo (člen 24 PDEU in člen 11(4) PEU). |
| 2.Non-discrimination on grounds of nationality (Article 18 TFEU) | 2.Prepoved diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo (člen 18 PDEU) |
| During the period covered by this Report, the Court issued 3 key judgements relating to the non-discrimination of EU citizens on grounds of nationality. These decisions dealt with the treatment of mobile EU citizens in cases of extradition, and the residency requirements a Member State may adopt in order for its courts to gain jurisdiction in matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility, and whether those may differ from the applicable ones to its own nationals. | V obdobju, ki ga zajema to poročilo, je Sodišče izdalo tri pomembne sodbe v zvezi s prepovedjo diskriminacije državljanov EU glede na državljanstvo. Te odločbe so se nanašale na obravnavo mobilnih državljanov EU v primerih izročitve, zahteve glede prebivanja, ki jih država članica lahko sprejme, da bi bila njena sodišča pristojna v zakonskih sporih in sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo, ter na to, ali se lahko te zahteve razlikujejo od zahtev, ki se uporabljajo za državljane zadevne države članice. |
| 2.1.Non-discrimination on grounds of nationality and extradition of mobile EU citizens | 2.1.Prepoved diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo in izročitev mobilnih državljanov EU |
| When it comes to non-discrimination on the basis of nationality and extradition to a non-EU country of EU citizens residing in a Member State other than the Member State of their nationality, we can single out Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München v S.M 5 and Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin v BY 6 . In each case, the issue at hand was the interaction between national rules precluding the extradition of the host Member State’s own nationals and the EU principle of non-discrimination of EU citizens on grounds of nationality. | V zvezi s prepovedjo diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo in izročitvijo državljanov EU, ki prebivajo v državi članici, ki ni država članica njihovega državljanstva, tretji državi je mogoče izpostaviti zadevi Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München proti S. M. 5 in Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin proti BY 6 . Obe zadevi se nanašata na povezavo med nacionalnimi pravili, v skladu s katerimi izročitev državljanov države članice gostiteljice ni mogoča, in načelom EU o prepovedi diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo. |
| The case Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München v S.M concerns the extradition of an EU citizen for the purpose of enforcing a custodial sentence. As a preliminary issue, the Court clarified that the fact that the EU citizen held also the nationality of the non-EU country which made the extradition request could not prevent the EU citizen from asserting the rights and freedoms guaranteed by Articles 18 and 21 TFEU 7 . Then, the Court, referred to its previous case-law 8 and confirmed that if the rules on extradition of a Member State introduce a difference in treatment between its nationals and nationals of other Member States permanently residing in its territory by prohibiting only the extradition of its own nationals, that Member State is under an obligation to ascertain whether there is an alternative measure to extradition that is less prejudicial to the exercise of the freedom of movement and residence of an EU citizen who is а permanent resident of that Member State 9 . In the case at stake, according to national law of the requested Member State, the individual concerned could serve his sentence in its territory if the non-EU country which made the request for extradition consented to that. | Zadeva Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München proti S. M. se nanaša na izročitev državljana EU zaradi izvršitve kazni odvzema prostosti. Sodišče je predhodno pojasnilo, da dejstvo, da ima državljan EU tudi državljanstvo tretje države, ki je vložila prošnjo za izročitev, državljanu EU ne more preprečevati uveljavljanja pravic in svoboščin, zagotovljenih s členoma 18 in 21 PDEU 7 . Sodišče se je nato oprlo na svojo preteklo sodno prakso 8 in potrdilo, da mora država članica v primeru, da njena pravila o izročitvi s prepovedjo zgolj izročitve lastnih državljanov uvajajo različno obravnavanje njenih državljanov in državljanov drugih držav članic, ki na njenem ozemlju stalno prebivajo, oceniti, ali obstaja ukrep, alternativen izročitvi, ki manj posega v uresničevanje pravice do prostega gibanja in prebivanja državljana EU, ki stalno prebiva v zadevni državi članici 9 . V zadevnem primeru bi lahko zadevni posameznik v skladu z nacionalnim pravom zaprošene države članice prestal kazen na njenem ozemlju, če bi se tretja država, ki je vložila prošnjo za izročitev, s tem strinjala. |
| Thus, where the application of such an alternative to extradition consists in EU citizens being able to serve their sentence in that Member State under the same conditions as its own nationals, but such application is conditional upon obtaining the consent of the requesting non-EU country, the requested Member State should actively seek the consent of that non-EU country and use all the mechanisms for cooperation and assistance in criminal matters which are available to it 10 . If the non-EU country which made the request for extradition consents to the custodial sentence being enforced in the territory of the requested Member State, that Member State will be in a position to allow EU citizens who reside permanently in its territory to serve their sentence there, and thus to ensure that they are treated in the same way as its own nationals. If such consent is not obtained, the extradition of the person would constitute a justified restriction to the right to move and reside, so far as the extradition itself does not infringe obligations under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. 11 | Če je torej alternativa izročitvi ta, da imajo državljani EU možnost prestajanja kazni v tej državi članici pod enakimi pogoji kot državljani te države, pri čemer pa je ta možnost pogojena s pridobitvijo soglasja tretje države prosilke, si mora zaprošena država članica dejavno prizadevati za pridobitev soglasja zadevne tretje države in uporabiti vse mehanizme sodelovanja in pomoči v kazenskih zadevah, ki jih ima na voljo 10 . Če tretja država, ki je vložila prošnjo za izročitev, soglaša z izvršitvijo kazni odvzema prostosti na ozemlju zaprošene države članice, lahko zadevna država članica državljanom EU, ki stalno prebivajo na njenem ozemlju, dovoli prestajanje kazni na svojem ozemlju in tako zagotovi, da se z njimi ravna enako kot z njenimi državljani. Če se tako soglasje ne pridobi, bi izročitev osebe pomenila upravičeno omejitev pravice do gibanja in prebivanja pod pogojem, da sama izročitev ne pomeni kršitve obveznosti iz Listine Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah 11 . |
| In the case Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin v BY 12 an extradition request, for the purposes of criminal prosecution of a dual Ukrainian and Romanian national living in Germany, was filed by the Ukrainian authorities. The citizen in question had moved from Ukraine to Germany, at a time when he did not possess EU citizenship. As a follow up to its Petruhhin judgment 13 , the Court clarifies the obligations incumbent on the Member States in the exchanging of information in the framework of an extradition request. The Court also held that Articles 18 and 21 TFEU are applicable to the situation of an EU citizen- who has acquired the nationality of a Member State, and, therefore, EU citizenship, after having moved to another Member State. 14 | V zadevi Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin proti BY 12 so ukrajinski organi vložili prošnjo za izročitev zaradi kazenskega pregona državljana z ukrajinskim in romunskim državljanstvom, ki živi v Nemčiji. Zadevni državljan se je iz Ukrajine preselil v Nemčijo v času, ko še ni imel državljanstva EU. Sodišče je s sklicevanjem na sodbo v zadevi Petruhhin 13 pojasnilo obveznosti držav članic pri izmenjavi informacij v okviru prošnje za izročitev. Sodišče je tudi ugotovilo, da se za položaj državljana EU, ki je po preselitvi v drugo državo članico pridobil državljanstvo zadevne države članice in s tem državljanstvo EU, uporabljata člena 18 in 21 PDEU 14 . |
| In particular, the Court confirmed that priority must be given to informing the offender’s Member State of the request for extradition to afford the authorities of that Member State the opportunity to issue a European arrest warrant for the purposes of prosecution. 15 However, neither the Member State from which extradition is requested nor the Member State of which the requested EU citizen is a national are obliged to ask the non-EU country requesting extradition to send to them a copy of the criminal investigation file in order to enable the Member State of which that person is a national to assess the possibility that it might itself conduct a criminal prosecution of that person. Moreover, the host Member State does not have a duty to refuse extradition and take charge of the prosecution even if admissible under its national law. 16 | Sodišče je zlasti potrdilo, da je treba o prošnji za izročitev prednostno obvestiti državo članico storilca, da bi lahko njeni organi izdali evropski nalog za prijetje zaradi kazenskega pregona 15 . Vendar niti država članica, ki je zaprošena za izročitev, niti država članica, katere državljanstvo ima zahtevani državljan EU, nista dolžni tretje države prosilke zaprositi za posredovanje kopije kazenskega spisa, da bi država članica, katere državljanka je ta oseba, lahko presodila o možnosti, da sama prevzame kazenski pregon zoper navedeno osebo. Poleg tega država članica gostiteljica ni dolžna zavrniti izročitve in prevzeti pregona, tudi če ji to dopušča njeno nacionalno pravo 16 . |
| Related case WS v Bundesrepublik Deutschland is discussed under section 5.5. | Sorodna zadeva WS proti Bundesrepublik Deutschland je obravnavana v oddelku 5.5. |
| 2.2.Non-discrimination on grounds of nationality and rules on jurisdiction | 2.2.Prepoved diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo in pravila o pristojnosti |
| When it comes to non-discrimination on the basis of nationality and the question of court jurisdiction, the Court issued a judgment in the case OE v VY 17 . The matter concerned a couple, married in Ireland, where they had their habitual residence. After their split, one of the husbands changed residence to Austria in whose courts the divorce papers were filed. The issue at hand concerned whether national requirements of a minimum residence period in order for the courts of a particular Member State (Austria in the case) to exercise jurisdiction are discriminatory in the context of matrimonial matters and parental responsibilities. The Court was called upon to provide clarification in light of the Regulation No 2201/2003 18 (“Brussels IIa Regulation”) and the national rules on a minimum period of stay of 6 months for the rules on court jurisdiction to apply. In this context, the Court established that article 18 must be interpreted as meaning that the requirement for a minimum period of residence for the purposes of granting jurisdiction to the courts of the host Member State should not be considered a case of discrimination based on nationality. 19 The Court reasoning concluded that differentiated rules on court jurisdiction in cases of nationals of that particular Member State as opposed to non-nationals, who must reside in that country for a minimum period, are justifiable on the account of the need to establish a real link with the Member State whose courts exercise jurisdiction to rule on the dissolution of the matrimonial ties concerned. 20 According to the Court, a person who is a national of a Member State does not only have institutional and legal ties with that Member State but “as a general rule” also “cultural, linguistic, social, family or property ties”. 21 | V zvezi s prepovedjo diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo in vprašanjem pristojnosti sodišča je Sodišče izdalo sodbo v zadevi OE proti VY 17 . Zadeva se je nanašala na par, ki se je poročil in imel običajno prebivališče na Irskem. Po ločitvi se je eden od mož preselil v Avstrijo, pri katere sodišču so bili vloženi dokumenti za razvezo zakonske zveze. Zadevno vprašanje se je nanašalo na to, ali so nacionalne zahteve glede minimalnega obdobja prebivanja, po izteku katerega lahko sodišča določene države članice (v tem primeru Avstrije) izvajajo pristojnost, diskriminatorne v okviru zakonskih sporov in starševske odgovornosti. Sodišče je bilo pozvano k zagotovitvi pojasnil v zvezi z Uredbo (ES) št. 2201/2003 18 (uredba Bruselj IIa) in nacionalnimi pravili, v skladu s katerimi je uporaba pravil o pristojnosti sodišč pogojena z minimalnim šestmesečnim obdobjem prebivanja. V tem okviru je Sodišče ugotovilo, da je treba člen 18 razlagati tako, da se zahteva, v skladu s katero je pristojnost sodišč države članice gostiteljice pogojena z minimalnim obdobjem prebivanja, ne sme šteti za primer diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo 19 . Sodišče je v obrazložitvi ugotovilo, da so pravila o pristojnosti sodišč, ki se za državljane zadevne države članice ne uporabljajo na enak način kot za nedržavljane, ki morajo v zadevni državi prebivati minimalno obdobje, upravičena zaradi potrebe po vzpostavitvi dejanske povezanosti z državo članico, katere sodišča so pristojna za odločanje o prenehanju zadevne zakonske vezi 20 . Po mnenju Sodišča oseba, ki je državljan države članice, nima le institucionalnih in pravnih vezi s to državo članico, temveč „praviloma“ tudi „kulturne, jezikovne, socialne, družinske ali premoženjske vezi“ 21 . |
| 3.Non-discrimination on the basis of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation (Article 19 TFEU) | 3.Nediskriminacija na podlagi spola, rase ali narodnosti, vere ali prepričanja, invalidnosti, starosti ali spolne usmerjenosti (člen 19 PDEU) |
| During the period covered by this Report, the Court issued 4 key judgements relating to the non-discrimination of EU citizens on the basis of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. | V obdobju, ki ga zajema to poročilo, je Sodišče izdalo štiri pomembne sodbe v zvezi z nediskriminacijo državljanov EU na podlagi spola, rase ali narodnosti, vere ali prepričanja, invalidnosti, starosti ali spolne usmerjenosti. |
| 3.1.Non-discrimination on the basis of religion or belief | 3.1.Nediskriminacija na podlagi vere ali prepričanja |
| Regarding the freedom of religion, the Court found that an internal rule of prohibiting the visible wearing of religious, philosophical or spiritual signs does not constitute direct discrimination if it is applied to all workers in a general and undifferentiated way. This has been confirmed in the judgment L.F. v S.C.R.L 22 , where the Court ruled that religion and belief must be regarded as a single ground of discrimination, covering both religious belief and philosophical or spiritual belief, otherwise the general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation provided for by EU law will be undermined 23 . Indeed, the judgment of the Court explicitly states that Article 1 of the “Equality Framework Directive” 24 ) refers to ‘religion’ and ‘belief’ together, as does the wording of various provisions of primary EU law, namely Article 19 TFEU, according to which the EU legislature may take appropriate action to combat discrimination based on, inter alia, ‘religion or belief’. 25 | V zvezi s svobodo izpovedovanja vere je Sodišče ugotovilo, da interno pravilo glede prepovedi vidnega nošenja znakov političnega, filozofskega ali verskega prepričanja ne pomeni neposredne diskriminacije, če se splošno in brez razlikovanja uporablja za vse delavce. To je bilo potrjeno v sodbi L. F. proti S. C. R. L. 22 , v kateri je Sodišče razsodilo, da je treba vero in prepričanje obravnavati kot en in isti razlog za diskriminacijo, ki zajema tako verska prepričanja kot filozofska ali duhovna prepričanja, sicer bo ogrožen splošni okvir enakega obravnavanja pri zaposlovanju in delu, ki ga določa pravo EU 23 . V sodbi Sodišča je namreč izrecno navedeno, da sta v členu 1 direktive o okvirih enakega obravnavanja 24 „vera“ in „prepričanje“ navedena skupaj, enako kot v besedilu različnih določb primarnega prava Unije, in sicer v členu 19 PDEU, v skladu s katerim lahko zakonodajalec EU sprejme ustrezne ukrepe za boj proti diskriminaciji, med drugim na podlagi „vere ali prepričanja“ 25 . |
| In a similar judgment in the joined WABE eV and MH Müller Handels GmbH v MJ 26 , two employees of companies governed by German law wore an Islamic headscarf at their respective workplaces. In both cases, the employees were subject to instructions and warnings against displaying any major signs of political, philosophical or religious beliefs, and were told not to wear their headscarves. The Court stated that a prohibition on wearing any visible form of expression of political, philosophical or religious beliefs in the workplace may be justified by the employer's need to present a neutral image towards customers or to prevent social disputes. However, it added that such obligation cannot put persons adhering to a particular religion or belief at a particular disadvantage. 27 In any case, the justification of such prohibition must correspond to a genuine need from the employer, and national courts may take into account the specific context of their Member State when weighting the rights and interests at issue. 28 | V podobni sodbi v združenih zadevah WABE eV in MH Müller Handels GmbH proti MJ 26 sta dve zaposleni v družbah, ki ju ureja nemško pravo, na svojih delovnih mestih nosili islamsko naglavno ruto. V obeh primerih sta prejeli navodila in opozorila, da ne smeta kazati vidnejših znakov političnega, filozofskega ali verskega prepričanja, pri čemer jima je bilo rečeno, naj ne nosita naglavnih rut. Sodišče je navedlo, da je lahko prepoved kakršne koli vidne oblike izražanja političnega, filozofskega ali verskega prepričanja na delovnem mestu utemeljena s potrebo delodajalca po nevtralnem nastopu v razmerju do strank ali po preprečevanju socialnih sporov. Sicer je dodalo, da taka obveznost oseb določene vere ali prepričanja ne sme postavljati v posebej neugoden položaj 27 . V vsakem primeru mora utemeljitev take prepovedi temeljiti na resnični potrebi delodajalca, nacionalna sodišča pa lahko pri tehtanju zadevnih pravic in interesov upoštevajo specifične razmere v svoji državi članici 28 . |
| 3.2.Non-discrimination on the basis of age | 3.2.Nediskriminacija na podlagi starosti |
| In case A v HK Danmark and HK/Privat 29 it has been ruled that an age limit laid down in the articles of association of an employees' organisation to be eligible for the post of president of that organisation is discriminative on the basis of age 30 . Indeed, an individual born in 1948 was recruited in 1978 as a trade union officer by a local branch of a Danish workers' organization, and subsequently elected as president. At the age of 63, the individual had exceeded the age limit provided in the association’s statutes for standing for re-election to the presidency. Following a complaint, the Danish Equal Treatment Commission ruled that prohibiting the individual from standing for re-election to the presidency on the grounds of her age was contrary to the Danish Anti-Discrimination Act. As a result of the failure to comply with that decision, the Court of Appeal held that the resolution of the dispute depended on whether, as the elected chair of the worker’s organisation and a member of its political staff, the individual fell within the scope of the Anti-Discrimination Directive 31 . In its ruling, the Court confirmed the opinion of the Advocate General that the Equality Framework Directive, being legally based on Article 19(1) TFEU, aims at eliminating, on grounds of social and public interest, all obstacles based on discriminatory grounds to access to livelihoods and to the capacity to contribute to society through work, irrespective of the legal form in which it is provided. 32 | V zadevi A proti HK Danmark in HK/Privat 29 je bilo razsojeno, da je starostna omejitev za izvolitev na mesto predsednika organizacije zaposlenih, določena v statutu te organizacije, diskriminatorna na podlagi starosti 30 . Posameznica, rojena leta 1948, se je namreč leta 1978 zaposlila kot sindikalna funkcionarka v lokalni enoti danske organizacije delavcev in bila nato izvoljena za predsednico. Pri starosti 63 let je presegala starostno mejo za ponovno izvolitev na predsedniško mesto, določeno v statutu organizacije. Po pritožbi je danska komisija za enako obravnavanje odločila, da je prepoved ponovnega kandidiranja posameznice za predsednico zaradi njene starosti v nasprotju z danskim zakonom o boju proti diskriminaciji. Zaradi neupoštevanja navedene odločitve je pritožbeno sodišče ugotovilo, da je rešitev spora odvisna od vprašanja, ali se za posameznico kot izvoljeno predsednico organizacije delavcev in članico njenega političnega osebja uporablja direktiva o preprečevanju diskriminacije 31 . Sodišče je v sodbi potrdilo mnenje generalnega pravobranilca, da je cilj direktive o okvirih enakega obravnavanja, ki pravno temelji na členu 19(1) PDEU, na podlagi socialnega in javnega interesa odpraviti vse ovire, ki temeljijo na diskriminatornih pogojih, za dostop do sredstev za preživljanje in do možnosti z delom prispevati k družbi, ne glede na pravno obliko, na podlagi katere se delo opravlja 32 . |
| 3.3.Non-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation | 3.3.Nediskriminacija na podlagi spolne usmerjenosti |
| In J.K. v TP S.A 33 the Court of Justice has ruled that sexual orientation cannot be a reason to refuse or conclude a contract with a self-employed worker 34 . In this matter, a self-employed worker and his partner published a music video on YouTube aimed at promoting tolerance towards same-sex couples. Shortly after the video went public, although J.K. had previously concluded a series of consecutive short-term contracts on a self-employed basis with the Poland’s public television channel, no new contract for specific work was concluded with him. The Court in its judgment recognized the rights of self-employed persons not to be discriminated on the basis of their sexual orientation. Indeed, the Court stated that the concept of ‘conditions for access to employment, self-employment or to occupation’ must be construed broadly, covering the access to any occupational activity, whatever the nature and characteristics of such activity 35 . The Court’s decision thus reasserted that the Equality Framework Directive aims to eliminate, on grounds relating to social and public interest, all discriminatory obstacles to access to livelihoods and to the capacity to contribute to society through work, irrespective of the legal form in which they are provided. 36 | V zadevi J. K. proti TP S.A. 33 je Sodišče razsodilo, da spolna usmerjenost ne more biti razlog za zavrnitev sklenitve ali sklenitev pogodbe s samozaposlenim delavcem 34 . V tej zadevi sta samozaposleni delavec in njegov partner na portalu YouTube objavila glasbeni videospot, namenjen spodbujanju strpnosti do istospolnih parov. Kmalu po objavi videa je bila sklenitev nove podjemne pogodbe z J. K. odpovedana, čeprav je J. K. pred tem s poljskim upravljavcem javnega televizijskega programa kot samozaposlena oseba sklenil več zaporednih kratkoročnih pogodb. Sodišče je v sodbi priznalo pravico samozaposlenih oseb do nediskriminacije na podlagi spolne usmerjenosti. Navedlo je namreč, da je treba pojem „pogoji, pod katerimi je dostopna zaposlitev, samozaposlitev ali delo“, razumeti v širšem smislu, in sicer v smislu dostopa do vsake poklicne dejavnosti, ne glede na njeno naravo in značilnosti 35 . Sodišče je s svojo odločitvijo tako ponovno potrdilo, da je cilj direktive o okvirih enakega obravnavanja iz socialnih in javnih interesov odpraviti vse ovire, ki temeljijo na diskriminatornih pogojih, za dostop do sredstev za preživljanje in do možnosti z delom prispevati k družbi, ne glede na pravno obliko, na podlagi katere se delo opravlja 36 . |
| 3.4.Non-discrimination on the basis of sex | 3.4.Nediskriminacija na podlagi spola |
| In CJ v Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS) 37 the Court ruled that a Spanish provision of social security legislation that excludes domestic workers from unemployment insurance is indirectly discriminatory on the grounds of sex, since most of those workers are women. Following the Commission’s position, the Court ruled that the provision is contrary to Directive 79/7 on sex equality in statutory social security 38 , because it places female workers at a particular disadvantage in relation to male workers and is not justified by objective factors unrelated to any discrimination. | V zadevi CJ proti Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS) 37 je Sodišče razsodilo, da je španska določba iz zakonodaje o socialni varnosti, v skladu s katero delavci v gospodinjstvu nimajo dostopa do zavarovanja za primer brezposelnosti, posredno diskriminatorna na podlagi spola, saj je večina teh delavcev žensk. Sodišče je na podlagi stališča Komisije razsodilo, da je določba v nasprotju z Direktivo 79/7/EGS o enakosti spolov v zakonsko določenih sistemih socialne varnosti 38 , saj so delavke zaradi nje v primerjavi z delavci v posebej neugodnem položaju, poleg tega pa določba ni utemeljena z objektivnimi dejavniki, ki niso povezani z diskriminacijo. |
| 4.Citizenship of the Union (Article 20(1) TFEU) | 4.Državljanstvo Unije (člen 20(1) PDEU) |
| From 2020 to 2023, the Court issued 7 key judgements concerning EU citizenship. These cases covered for example the loss of EU citizenship due to loss of nationality of a Member State. Cases on the topic of derived rights of residence for non-EU family members of EU citizens based on Article 20 TFEU are discussed under section 5.4. | Sodišče je med letoma 2020 in 2023 izdalo sedem pomembnih sodb o državljanstvu EU. Te zadeve so se med drugim nanašale na izgubo državljanstva EU zaradi izgube državljanstva države članice. Zadeve na temo izvedenih pravic do prebivanja državljanov tretjih držav, ki so družinski člani državljanov EU, na podlagi člena 20 PDEU so obravnavane v oddelku 5.4. |
| The three cases Silver and Others v Council 39 , Shindler and Others v Council 40 and David Price v Council 41 were brought separately before the Court by British citizens that tried to challenge the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement and the Council’s decision, claiming, among other things, that those acts had deprived them of rights that they had exercised and acquired as EU citizens. The Court rejected these actions and confirmed that the loss of the status of citizen of the EU, and consequently the loss of the rights attached to that status, is an automatic consequence of the sole sovereign decision taken by the United Kingdom to withdraw from the EU, and not of the withdrawal agreement or the Council’s decision 42 . | Britanski državljani, ki so poskušali izpodbijati Sporazum o izstopu Združenega kraljestva iz EU in sklep Sveta, so na Sodišče ločeno vložili tri zadeve, in sicer Silver in drugi proti Svetu 39 , Shindler in drugi proti Svetu 40 in David Price proti Svetu 41 , pri čemer so med drugim trdili, da so jim bile z navedenima aktoma odvzete pravice, ki so jih uveljavljali in pridobili kot državljani EU. Sodišče je te tožbe zavrnilo in potrdilo, da sta izguba statusa državljana EU in posledična izguba pravic, povezanih s tem statusom, samodejni posledici same suverene odločitve Združenega kraljestva, da izstopi iz EU, ne pa posledici sporazuma o izstopu ali sklepa Sveta 42 . |
| Another case on the loss of EU citizenship is JY v Wiener Landesregierung 43 . In this matter, an Estonian national voluntarily renounced her Estonian nationality after having obtained assurances as to the grant of Austrian nationality once she had renounced her other nationality. However, due to several administrative offences the Austrian competent authority later revoked its assurance as to the grant of Austrian nationality. The Court in its judgment confirmed that the loss of the status of EU citizen falls, by reason of its nature and its consequences, within the scope of EU law also where the assurance as to the grant of another Member State nationality is revoked with the effect of preventing that person from recovering the status of EU citizen. Although it is ascertained that the Member States hold exclusive competence to establish the rules for the acquisition or loss of nationality, the authorities of the naturalising Member State must take into account the EU law principle of proportionality when seeking to revoke a previously given assurance as to the grant of the host Member State’s nationality. In this case the Court 44 confirmed that the principle of proportionality has not been satisfied where such a withdrawal decision is based on administrative traffic offences which, under the applicable provisions of national law, give rise to a mere pecuniary penalty 45 . | Na izgubo državljanstva EU se nanaša tudi zadeva JY proti Wiener Landesregierung 43 . V tej zadevi se je estonska državljanka prostovoljno odpovedala estonskemu državljanstvu po prejemu zagotovil glede tega, da bo ob odpovedi drugemu državljanstvu dobila avstrijsko državljanstvo. Vendar je pristojni avstrijski organ zaradi več upravnih prekrškov svoje zagotovilo glede podelitve avstrijskega državljanstva pozneje preklical. Sodišče je v svoji sodbi potrdilo, da izguba statusa državljana EU zaradi svoje narave in posledic spada na področje uporabe prava EU, tudi če se zagotovilo glede podelitve državljanstva druge države članice prekliče in če zadevna oseba posledično ne more več pridobiti statusa državljana EU. Čeprav je bilo ugotovljeno, da imajo države članice izključno pristojnost za določanje pravil o pridobitvi ali izgubi državljanstva, morajo organi države članice naturalizacije v primeru, da želijo preklicati predhodno dano zagotovilo glede dodelitve državljanstva države članice gostiteljice, upoštevati načelo prava EU glede sorazmernosti. V tej zadevi je Sodišče 44 potrdilo, da načelo sorazmernosti ni izpolnjeno, če odločitev o preklicu temelji na upravnih kršitvah cestnoprometnih predpisov, za katere je v veljavnih določbah nacionalnega prava predvidena zgolj denarna kazen 45 . |
| In the case EP v Préfet du Gers and Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) 46 , the Court considered, in essence, the question of whether, after the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU, nationals of that State who exercised their right to reside in a Member State before the end of the transition period, have the guaranteed right to vote and to stand as a candidate in municipal elections in the Member State of residence, especially where they are deprived of the right to vote on elections held in the Member State of nationality 47 . The Court ruled that, as of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the EU, on 1 February 2020, nationals of that State who exercised their right to reside in a Member State before the end of the transition period no longer enjoy the status of citizen of the Union, nor, more specifically the right, pursuant to Article 20(2)(b) TFEU and Article 22 TFEU, to vote and to stand as a candidate in municipal elections in their Member State of residence, including where they are also deprived, by virtue of the law of the State of which they are nationals, of the right to vote in elections held by that State. | V zadevi EP proti Préfet du Gers in Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) 46 je Sodišče v bistvu obravnavalo vprašanje, ali imajo po izstopu Združenega kraljestva iz EU državljani Združenega kraljestva, ki so pred iztekom prehodnega obdobja uveljavljali pravico do prebivanja v državi članici, zagotovljeno pravico voliti in biti voljeni na občinskih volitvah v državi članici prebivališča, zlasti če jim je bila odvzeta pravica voliti na volitvah v državi članici državljanstva 47 . Sodišče je razsodilo, da od 1. februarja 2020, tj. od dneva izstopa Združenega kraljestva Velika Britanija in Severna Irska iz EU, državljani Združenega kraljestva, ki so pred iztekom prehodnega obdobja uveljavljali pravico do prebivanja v državi članici, nimajo več statusa državljana Unije in, natančneje, pravice iz člena 20(2), točka (b), in člena 22 PDEU, da volijo in so voljeni na občinskih volitvah v državi članici prebivališča, tudi če jim je na podlagi prava države, katere državljani so, odvzeta tudi pravica voliti na volitvah v državi državljanstva. |
| In the order WY v Steiermärkische Landesregierung 48 the CJEU dealt with another case concerning the loss of nationality. The case concerned WY who had acquired the Austrian nationality in 1992 after having renounced his Turkish nationality. In 2018, an Austrian court confirmed that WY had automatically lost Austrian nationality in 1994 upon reacquisition of the Turkish nationality. This means that WY ceased to be an Austrian citizen before the accession of the Austria on 1 January 1995. The Court confirmed that WY was no longer an Austrian national when the provisions on EU citizenship came into force in Austria, and thus never obtained the EU citizenship. 49 In these circumstances, the specific situation of WY does not fall within the scope of Article 20 TFEU or Article 21 TFEU 50 . | Izgubo državljanstva je Sodišče Evropske unije obravnavalo tudi v zadevi WY proti Steiermärkische Landesregierung 48 . Zadeva se je nanašala na WY, ki je leta 1992 pridobil avstrijsko državljanstvo in se odpovedal turškemu državljanstvu. Leta 2018 je avstrijsko sodišče potrdilo, da je WY leta 1994 po ponovni pridobitvi turškega državljanstva samodejno izgubil avstrijsko državljanstvo. To pomeni, da je WY prenehal biti avstrijski državljan pred pristopom Avstrije k EU 1. januarja 1995. Sodišče je potrdilo, da WY ni bil več avstrijski državljan, ko so se v Avstriji začele uporabljati določbe o državljanstvu EU, in posledično nikoli ni bil državljan EU 49 . Poseben položaj WY v zadevnih okoliščinah ne spada na področje uporabe člena 20 ali 21 PDEU 50 . |
| Finally, Minority SafePack v. European Commission 51 concerned a European citizens’ initiative (see further info under section 6) seeking to obtain, among others, the extension of citizen-related rights to stateless persons and their families, who have been living in their country of origin for their whole lives. The Court considered that possession of the nationality of a Member State is an essential condition for a person to be able to acquire and retain the status of EU citizen and to benefit fully from the rights attaching to that status. Thus, in accordance with the judgment in Préfet du Gers and Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (see Section 4), rights connected with the status of EU citizen cannot be extended to persons who are not nationals of a Member State. | Nazadnje, zadeva Minority SafePack proti Evropski komisiji 51 se je nanašala na evropsko državljansko pobudo (več informacij je na voljo v oddelku 6), ki je bila med drugim namenjena širitvi pravic, povezanih z državljanstvom, na osebe brez državljanstva in njihove družine, ki že vse življenje živijo v svoji državi izvora. Sodišče je menilo, da je državljanstvo ene države članice nujen pogoj za to, da lahko oseba pridobi in ohrani status državljana EU ter v celoti uživa pravice, ki izhajajo iz tega statusa. V skladu s sodbo v zadevi Préfet du Gers in Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (glej oddelek 4) pravic, povezanih s statusom državljana EU, torej ni mogoče razširiti na osebe, ki niso državljani ene od držav članic. |
| 5.Right to move and reside freely in the territory of the Member States (Articles 20(2) and 21 TFEU) | 5.Pravica do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic (člen 20(2) in člen 21 PDEU) |
| The Court has delivered multiple judgements in relation to Article 21 TFEU (including its implementation through the Free Movement Directive) 52 . The cases dealt, for example, with (derived) residence rights, entry and residence rights of “other family members”, or access to benefits and/or social assistance by mobile EU citizens. | Sodišče je izdalo več sodb v zvezi s členom 21 PDEU (vključno z vprašanji glede njegovega izvajanja z direktivo o prostem gibanju) 52 . Zadeve so se na primer nanašale na (izvedene) pravice do prebivanja, pravice drugih družinskih članov do vstopa in prebivanja ter dostop mobilnih državljanov EU do ugodnosti in/ali socialne pomoči. |
| The Court has also delivered multiple judgments on the topic of derived rights of residence for non-EU family members of EU citizens, following the Court’s line of case law starting with Ruiz Zambrano, based on Article 20 TFEU. | Sodišče je izdalo tudi več sodb na temo izvedenih pravic do prebivanja državljanov tretjih držav, ki so družinski člani državljanov EU, na podlagi člena 20 PDEU, in sicer ob upoštevanju sodne prakse, ki se je začela s sodbo v zadevi Ruiz Zambrano. |
| 5.1.Free movement rights and (derived) residence rights | 5.1.Pravice do prostega gibanja in (izvedene) pravice do prebivanja |
| G.M.A. (Demandeur d'emploi) 53 concerned the right of residence of jobseekers. Article 45 TFEU and Article 14(4)(b) of The Free Movement Directive require the host Member State to grant an EU citizen ‘a reasonable period of time’ to look for work which, should the EU citizen decide to register as a jobseeker in the host Member State, starts from the time of registration’ 54 . This reasonable period of time should ‘allow that person to acquaint himself or herself with potentially suitable employment opportunities and take the necessary steps to obtain employment’ 55 . ‘During that period, the host Member State may require the jobseeker to provide evidence that he or she is seeking employment’ 56 . A period of 6 months from the date of registration ‘does not appear, in principle, to be insufficient’ 57 .‘It is only after the reasonable period of time has elapsed that the jobseeker is required to provide evidence not only that he or she is continuing to seek employment but also that he or she has a genuine chance of being engaged’. Where an EU citizen enters a host Member State with the intention of seeking employment there, his or her right of residence during the first 3 months is also covered under Art, 6 of The Free Movement Directive. Accordingly, during that three-month period, no condition other than the requirement to hold a valid identity document is to be imposed on that citizen 58 . | Zadeva G. M. A. (Demandeur d'emploi) 53 se je nanašala na pravico do prebivanja iskalcev zaposlitve. Država članica gostiteljica mora v skladu s členom 45 PDEU in členom 14(4), točka (b), direktive o prostem gibanju državljanu EU priznati razumen rok za iskanje zaposlitve, ki v primeru, da se državljan EU odloči, da se bo v državi članici gostiteljici prijavil kot iskalec zaposlitve, začne teči od prijave 54 . Ta razumen rok bi mu moral omogočiti, „da se seznani s prostimi delovnimi mesti, ki bi mu lahko ustrezala, in da stori, kar je potrebno, da se zaposli“ 55 . „Pred iztekom tega roka lahko država članica gostiteljica od iskalca zaposlitve zahteva, da predloži dokazilo, da išče zaposlitev“ 56 . Šestmesečni rok od dneva prijave „načeloma ni nezadosten“ 57 . „Tako mora iskalec zaposlitve šele po poteku istega razumnega roka dokazati ne le, da še naprej išče zaposlitev, ampak tudi, da ima resnično možnost, da se zaposli.“ Kadar državljan EU vstopi na ozemlje države članice gostiteljice, da bi tam iskal zaposlitev, je njegova pravica do prebivanja v prvih treh mesecih prav tako zajeta v členu 6 direktive o prostem gibanju. Temu državljanu v navedenem trimesečnem obdobju ni mogoče naložiti nobenega drugega pogoja, razen zahteve, da ima veljaven osebni dokument 58 . |
| In Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid 59 the Court held that an expulsion decision taken on the ground that an EU citizen no longer enjoys a right of residence under Article 7 of The Free Movement Directive in the territory of a Member State, cannot be regarded as having fully been complied with, merely because the person concerned has physically left the host Member State. The EU citizen needs to have genuinely and effectively terminated his or her residence there under the referred to Article 7 60 . Only once these EU citizens have genuinely and effectively terminated that residence, can they again exercise their right of residence under Article 6 of The Free Movement Directive in the same host Member State, as their new residence cannot be regarded as constituting in fact a continuation of their preceding residence in that territory 61 . | V zadevi Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid 59 je Sodišče ugotovilo, da odločbe o odstranitvi, sprejete na podlagi dejstva, da državljan EU nima več pravice do prebivanja na ozemlju države članice v skladu s členom 7 direktive o prostem gibanju, ni mogoče šteti za v celoti izvršeno zgolj zato, ker je zadevna oseba fizično zapustila državo članico gostiteljico. Državljan EU mora resnično in dejansko prenehati prebivati na njenem ozemlju na podlagi člena 7 navedene direktive 60 . Šele ko državljan EU resnično in dejansko preneha prebivati na zadevnem ozemlju, lahko v isti državi članici gostiteljici ponovno uveljavlja pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 6 direktive o prostem gibanju, saj ni mogoče šteti, da njegovo novo prebivanje dejansko pomeni nadaljevanje prejšnjega prebivanja na tem ozemlju 61 . |
| In the event of failure to comply with such an expulsion decision, the Member State is not obliged to adopt a new decision but may rely on the initial one in order to oblige the person concerned to leave its territory 62 . However, a material change in circumstances enabling the EU citizen to satisfy the conditions of the right of residence for more than 3 months under Article 7 (e.g. the EU citizen becomes a worker), would deprive the expulsion decision of any effect and would require, despite the failure to comply with that decision, that the residence on the territory of the Member State be regarded as legal 63 . Finally, an expulsion decision taken under Article 15(1) of The Free Movement Directive does not preclude the exercise of the right of entry under Article 5 of that directive, when the EU citizen travels to the territory of the Member State ‘on an ad hoc basis for purposes other than to reside there’ 64 . | V primeru neizvršitve odločbe o odstranitvi državi članici ni treba sprejeti nove odločbe, temveč se lahko, da bi zadevno osebo prisilila, da zapusti njeno ozemlje, opre na prvotno odločbo 62 . Vendar bi vsebinska sprememba okoliščin, ki bi državljanu EU omogočila izpolnitev pogojev za uveljavljanje pravice do prebivanja za več kot tri mesece iz člena 7 (npr. državljan EU postane delavec), odločbi o odstranitvi odvzela vsakršen učinek in bi pomenila, da se prebivanje na ozemlju zadevne države članice kljub neizvršitvi te odločbe šteje za zakonito 63 . Nazadnje, odločba o odstranitvi, sprejeta na podlagi člena 15(1) direktive o prostem gibanju, ne preprečuje uveljavljanja pravice do vstopa iz člena 5 navedene direktive, kadar državljan EU „občasno“ potuje na ozemlje države članice „za druge namene, kot je prebivanje na tem ozemlju“ 64 . |
| In its judgment V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon Pancharevo 65 , the Court has held that, if a child is an EU citizen, he or she has a right to be issued a passport or identity card by the Member State of nationality, stating the nationality and the name as it appears on the birth certificate drawn up by another Member State 66 . In addition, such a travel document, alone or accompanied by others (such as the birth certificate issued by the Member State of birth), must enable the child to travel with either parent whose parenthood has been established by another Member State 67 . The parents, too, are each entitled to a document mentioning them as persons who can travel alone with that child 68 . This does not entail an obligation, for the Member State of nationality, to issue a birth certificate with the same content as the one issued in the other Member State. The Court clarified however that the Member State of nationality is obliged to issue the identity card or passport without requiring a birth certificate drawn up by its national authorities. A Member State cannot rely on such a requirement, or on any other requirement stemming from its national law, in order to refuse issuing a passport or identity card 69 . The Court also recalled that the rights of EU citizens under Article 21 TFEU include the right to lead a normal family life, together with their family members, both in their host Member State and in the Member State of which they are nationals when they return to the territory of that Member State 70 . As a consequence, all Member States must recognise the parent-child relationship for the purposes of the exercise of the rights that the child derives from EU law 71 . The Court also insisted on the importance of fundamental rights, in particular the right to private and family life and the rights of the child – ‘in the situation with which the main proceedings are concerned, the right to respect for private and family life guaranteed in Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the rights of the child guaranteed in Article 24 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, in particular the right to have the child’s best interests taken into account as a primary consideration in all actions relating to children, and the right to maintain on a regular basis a personal relationship and direct contact with both his or her parents, are fundamental’ 72 . | Sodišče je v sodbi v zadevi V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“ 65 , ugotovilo, da ima otrok, ki je državljan EU, pravico, da mu država članica državljanstva izda potni list ali osebno izkaznico z navedbo državljanstva in imena, kot sta navedena v rojstnem listu, ki ga je izdala druga država članica 66 . Poleg tega mora taka potna listina sama ali v povezavi z drugimi dokumenti (kot je rojstni list, ki ga je izdala država članica rojstva) otroku omogočati potovanje s katerim koli od staršev, katerega starševstvo je ugotovila druga država članica 67 . Tudi vsak starš je upravičen do dokumenta, v katerem je naveden kot oseba, ki lahko potuje sama s tem otrokom 68 . To ne pomeni, da mora država članica državljanstva izdati rojstni list, ki je vsebinsko enak rojstnemu listu, izdanemu v drugi državi članici. Vendar je Sodišče pojasnilo, da mora država članica državljanstva izdati osebno izkaznico ali potni list, ne da bi zahtevala, naj njeni nacionalni organi izdajo rojstni list. Država članica se ne more sklicevati na tako zahtevo ali katero koli drugo zahtevo, ki izhaja iz njene nacionalne zakonodaje, da bi zavrnila izdajo potnega lista ali osebne izkaznice 69 . Sodišče je tudi opozorilo, da pravice državljanov EU iz člena 21 PDEU vključujejo pravico do običajnega družinskega življenja skupaj z njihovimi družinskimi člani v državi članici gostiteljici in državi članici, katere državljani so, ko se vrnejo na njeno ozemlje 70 . Posledično morajo vse države članice priznati starševsko vez za namene uveljavljanja pravic otroka, ki izhajajo iz prava EU 71 . Sodišče je poleg tega vztrajalo pri pomenu temeljnih pravic, zlasti pravice do spoštovanja zasebnega in družinskega življenja ter pravic otroka: „V položaju, ki je predmet spora o glavni stvari, so tako pravica do spoštovanja zasebnega in družinskega življenja, zagotovljena s členom 7 Listine, kot tudi pravice otroka, zagotovljene s členom 24 Listine, in sicer zlasti pravica, da se pri vseh ukrepih, ki se nanašajo na otroke, upoštevajo predvsem koristi otroka, ter pravica do rednih osebnih odnosov in neposrednih stikov z obema staršema temeljne. 72 “ |
| This does not require the Member State of which the child concerned is a national to provide, in its national law, for the parenthood of persons of the same sex, or to recognise, for purposes other than the exercise of the rights which that child derives from EU law, the parent-child relationship between that child and the persons mentioned on the birth certificate drawn up by the authorities of the host Member State as being the child’s parents’ 73 . | To namreč ne pomeni, da mora država članica, katere državljan je zadevni otrok, v svojem nacionalnem pravu predvideti starševstvo oseb istega spola ali starševsko vez med tem otrokom in osebama, ki sta v rojstnem listu, ki so ga sestavili organi države članice gostiteljice, navedeni kot njegova starša, priznati za druge namene kakor za uveljavljanje pravic, ki jih ima zadevni otrok na podlagi prava Unije 73 . |
| The holding in the V.M.A judgment was confirmed by the Court in Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich 74 . | Odločitev iz sodbe v zadevi V. M. A. je Sodišče potrdilo v zadevi Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich 74 . |
| In X v Belgian State 75 , the Court confirmed the validity of Article 13(2) of The Free Movement Directive in the light of Articles 20 and 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. | V zadevi X proti État belge 75 je Sodišče potrdilo veljavnost člena 13(2) direktive o prostem gibanju glede na člena 20 in 21 Listine Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah. |
| More specifically, it ruled that Article 13(2) of The Free Movement Directive is valid though, in the event of divorce, annulment of marriage or termination of a registered partnership, that provision makes the retention of the right of residence by a non-EU citizen whose spouse is a mobile EU citizen and who has been a victim of domestic violence subject to the condition, inter alia, of having sufficient resources 76 ; whereas Article 15(3) of Directive 2003/86/EC does not make the retention of the right of residence by a non-EU national who has benefited from the right to family reunification subject to that condition in the event of divorce or separation. | Natančneje, Sodišče je razsodilo, da je člen 13(2) direktive o prostem gibanju veljaven, vendar je v skladu z njim ohranitev pravice do prebivanja državljana tretje države, katerega zakonec je mobilni državljan EU in ki je bil žrtev nasilja v družini, v primeru razveze, razveljavitve zakonske zveze ali prenehanja registriranega partnerstva med drugim pogojena s tem, da ima zadevna oseba dovolj sredstev 76 , v skladu s členom 15(3) Direktive 2003/86/ES pa ohranitev pravice do prebivanja državljana tretje države, ki je uveljavil pravico do združitve družine, v primeru razveze ali ločitve ni pogojena z navedenim pogojem. |
| The Court concludes that a difference in the treatment of non-EU citizens who are victims of domestic violence by their spouse, depending on whether they have been granted family reunification with an EU citizen or with a non-EU citizen does not infringe the right to ‘equality before the law’, enshrined in Article 20 of the Charter, of non-EU citizens in either situation because of their differences of status and rights 77 . | Sodišče je ugotovilo, da različno obravnavanje državljanov tretjih držav, ki so žrtve nasilja, ki ga izvaja njihov zakonec, glede na to, ali so uveljavili pravico do združitve družine z državljanom EU ali državljanom tretje države, v nobenem od obeh primerov ne pomeni kršitve pravice državljanov tretjih držav do enakosti pred zakonom iz člena 20 Listine, saj imajo različen status in različne pravice 77 . |
| In addition, the Court took the opportunity of this case to reverse its position adopted in NA 78 on the application of Article 13(2)(c) of The Free Movement Directive. While in NA, the Court had ruled that the divorce proceedings must have started before the EU mobile citizen leaves the Member State of residence in order for the non-EU citizen to retain his/her right of residence, in the present case, it ruled that where a non-EU citizen has been the victim of acts of domestic violence committed by his or her EU spouse, the non-EU citizen can rely on the retention of his or her right of residence based on Article 13(2)(c) as long as the divorce proceedings are initiated within a reasonable period following the departure of the EU citizen from the host Member State 79 . | Poleg tega je Sodišče to zadevo izkoristilo za spremembo svojega stališča iz zadeve NA 78 o uporabi člena 13(2), točka (c), direktive o prostem gibanju. Medtem ko je Sodišče v zadevi NA razsodilo, da lahko državljan EU ohrani pravico do prebivanja, če se sodni postopek za razvezo zakonske zveze začne, preden mobilni državljan EU zapusti državo članico prebivališča, je v tej zadevi odločilo, da se lahko državljan tretje države, ki je bil žrtev družinskega nasilja, ki ga je izvajal njegov zakonec, državljan EU, sklicuje na ohranitev svoje pravice do prebivanja na podlagi člena 13(2), točka (c), če se sodni postopek za razvezo zakonske zveze začne v razumnem roku po odhodu državljana EU iz države članice gostiteljice 79 . |
| In case A (Soins de santé publics) 80 , the Court examined how Regulation 883/2004 (on social security) interacts with the requirement to hold a comprehensive sickness insurance laid down in Article 7(1)(b) of the Free Movement Directive. Pursuant to this article, Member States may require EU citizens who are nationals of another Member State and who wish to exercise their right of residence in their territory for a period of longer than three months without being economically active to have, for themselves and their family members, comprehensive sickness insurance cover in the host Member State and sufficient resources not to become a burden on the social assistance system of that Member State during their period of residence. | V zadevi A (Soins de santé publics) 80 je Sodišče proučilo, kako Uredba (ES) št. 883/2004 (o socialni varnosti) vpliva na zahtevo iz člena 7(1), točka (b), direktive o prostem gibanju, v skladu s katero je treba imeti celovito zavarovalno kritje za primer bolezni. V skladu z navedenim členom lahko države članice od državljanov EU, ki so državljani druge države članice in želijo uveljavljati pravico do prebivanja na njihovem ozemlju za obdobje, daljše od treh mesecev, ne da bi bili ekonomsko aktivni, zahtevajo, da imajo zase in za svoje družinske člane celovito zavarovalno kritje za primer bolezni v državi članici gostiteljici in dovolj sredstev, da med prebivanjem v zadevni državi članici ne bi postali breme sistema socialne pomoči. |
| The Court held that economically non-active EU citizens who move to another Member State and are exercising their right of residence for a period of more than three months but of less than five years have the right to be affiliated to the public sickness insurance scheme of the host Member State. Indeed, the Court considered that a Member State cannot, under its national legislation, refuse to affiliate to its public sickness insurance scheme an EU citizen who, under Article 11(3)(e) of Regulation No 883/2004, on the determination of the legislation applicable, comes under the legislation of that Member State 81 . | Sodišče je ugotovilo, da imajo ekonomsko neaktivni državljani EU, ki se preselijo v drugo državo članico in uveljavljajo pravico do prebivanja za obdobje, daljše od treh mesecev, vendar krajše od petih let, pravico do vključitve v javni sistem zdravstvenega zavarovanja države članice gostiteljice. Sodišče je namreč menilo, da država članica na podlagi svoje nacionalne zakonodaje ne more zavrniti vključitve državljana EU, ki na podlagi člena 11(3), točka (e), Uredbe (ES) št. 883/2004 spada na področje zakonodaje te države članice, v svoj javni sistem zdravstvenega zavarovanja 81 . |
| Nevertheless, under such circumstances, the host Member State may provide that, until the EU citizen obtains the right of permanent residence, access to this system is not free of charge, in order to prevent economically non-active EU citizens from becoming an unreasonable burden on its public finances 82 . | Vendar lahko država članica gostiteljica v takih okoliščinah določi, da dokler državljan EU ne pridobi pravice do stalnega prebivanja, dostop do tega sistema ni brezplačen, da se prepreči, da bi ekonomsko neaktiven državljan EU postal nesorazmerno breme za njene javne finance 82 . |
| As a result, the host Member State may, subject to compliance with the principle of proportionality, make the affiliation to its public sickness insurance system of an economically non-active EU citizen subject to conditions intended to ensure that the EU citizen does not become an unreasonable burden on its public finances. These conditions may include the EU citizen concluding or maintaining a comprehensive private sickness insurance enabling the host Member State to be reimbursed for the health expenses it has incurred for that citizen’s benefit, or the EU citizen paying a contribution to that Member State’s public sickness insurance system 83 . The Court has held that, in this context, the host Member State must ensure that the principle of proportionality is observed ‘and, therefore, that it is not excessively difficult for that citizen to comply with such conditions’ 84 . | Država članica gostiteljica lahko torej ob upoštevanju načela sorazmernosti vključitev ekonomsko neaktivnega državljana EU v svoj sistem zdravstvenega zavarovanja pogojuje s pogoji, katerih namen je zagotoviti, da zadevni državljan EU ne postane nesorazmerno breme za njene javne finance. Ti pogoji lahko vključujejo pogoj, da državljan EU sklene ali ohrani celotno zasebno zdravstveno zavarovanje, ki državi članici gostiteljici omogoča, da se ji povrnejo stroški zdravljenja tega državljana, ki so ji nastali, ali pogoj, da državljan EU plačuje prispevek v javni sistem zdravstvenega zavarovanja te države članice 83 . Sodišče je ugotovilo, da mora v teh okoliščinah država članica gostiteljica zagotoviti spoštovanje načela sorazmernosti „in torej to, da navedenemu državljanu ne bi bilo prekomerno oteženo izpolniti take pogoje“ 84 . |
| VI v The Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs 85 , concerned the situation of an Irish child and her non-EU citizen parent and primary carer, both residing in the UK. The issue was related to the requirement to have comprehensive sickness insurance within the meaning of the Free Movement Directive. | Zadeva VI proti The Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs 85 se je nanašala na položaj irske deklice ter njene matere in glavne skrbnice, ki je državljanka tretje države, pri čemer obe prebivata v Združenem kraljestvu. Vprašanje je bilo povezano z zahtevo iz direktive o prostem gibanju, v skladu s katero je treba imeti celovito zavarovalno kritje za primer bolezni. |
| First, the Court recalled that a minor’s right of permanent residence in the host Member State, in order to ensure the effectiveness of that right of residence, necessarily implies a right for the parent who is the primary carer of that child to reside with him or her in the host Member State. As a consequence, the inapplicability of the condition of, among others, having comprehensive sickness insurance after the minor has acquired permanent residence extends to that parent. Therefore, after the child has acquired permanent residence, neither of them is required to have comprehensive sickness insurance in order to retain their right of residence 86 . | Sodišče je najprej opozorilo, da pravica mladoletnika do stalnega prebivanja v državi članici gostiteljici za zagotovitev polnega učinka te pravice do prebivanja nujno vključuje pravico starša, ki je otrokov glavni skrbnik, da z njim prebiva v državi članici gostiteljici. Posledično se pogoj, v skladu s katerim je treba med drugim imeti celovito zavarovalno kritje za primer bolezni, po tem, ko mladoletnik pridobi stalno prebivališče, ne uporablja niti za starša. Ko torej otrok pridobi stalno prebivališče, ne on ne njegov starš ne potrebuje celovitega zavarovalnega kritja za primer bolezni, da bi ohranila pravico do prebivanja 86 . |
| In addition, the Court clarified that, before the child acquires permanent residence, both the child and the parent who is the primary carer are required to have comprehensive sickness insurance. This requirement is satisfied both where this child has comprehensive sickness insurance which covers his or her parent, and in the inverse case where this parent has such insurance covering the child 87 . | Sodišče je poleg tega pojasnilo, da morata imeti tako otrok kot starš, ki je glavni skrbnik, pred otrokovo pridobitvijo stalnega prebivališča celovito zavarovalno kritje za primer bolezni. Ta zahteva je izpolnjena, če ima otrok celovito zavarovalno kritje za primer bolezni, ki krije njegovega starša, in obratno, če ima ta starš tako zavarovanje, ki krije otroka 87 . |
| The Court recalled that host Member State may, subject to compliance with the principle of proportionality, make an economically non-active EU citizen’s affiliation to its public sickness insurance system subject to conditions intended to ensure that that citizen does not become an unreasonable burden on its public finances. The Court also stressed that, once an EU citizen is affiliated to such a public sickness insurance system in the host Member State, he or she has comprehensive sickness insurance within the meaning of the Free Movement Directive 88 . In a situation where the parent has worked and was subject to tax in the host State during the period at issue, it would be disproportionate to deny that child and the parent a right of residence on the sole ground that, during that period, they were affiliated free of charge to the public sickness insurance system of that State. In these circumstances, such affiliation cannot be considered to constitute an unreasonable burden on the public finances of the Member State. | Sodišče je opozorilo, da lahko država članica gostiteljica ob upoštevanju načela sorazmernosti vključitev ekonomsko neaktivnega državljana EU v svoj sistem javnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja pogojuje s pogoji, katerih namen je, da ta državljan ne postane nesorazmerno breme za njene javne finance. Sodišče je poleg tega poudarilo, da ima državljan EU po vključitvi v tak sistem javnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja v državi članici gostiteljici celovito zavarovalno kritje za primer bolezni v smislu direktive o prostem gibanju 88 . V primeru, da je bil starš v zadevnem obdobju zaposlen in je bil v državi gostiteljici zavezanec za plačilo davka, bi bilo nesorazmerno, da se zadevnemu otroku in staršu zavrne pravica do prebivanja samo zato, ker sta bila v tem obdobju brezplačno vključena v sistem javnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja te države. V teh okoliščinah ni mogoče šteti, da ta vključenost pomeni nesorazmerno breme za javne finance zadevne države članice. |
| 5.2.Entry and residence rights of “other family members” of EU citizens | 5.2.Pravice drugih družinskih članov državljanov EU do vstopa in prebivanja |
| Pursuant to Article 3(2) of the Free Movement Directive, Member States must facilitate the entry and residence of ‘extended family members’ of EU citizens. The case Minister for Justice and Equality (Ressortissant de pays tiers cousin d’un citoyen de l’Union) 89 concerned ‘members of the household’, one of the categories of ‘extended family members’. First, the Court held that the three situations falling under the category ‘extended family members’ - financial dependence, physical dependence and household membership - are not cumulative. This means that a person can be considered an ‘extended family member’ if he or she falls within one of these three situations. Second, the Court clarified that the term ‘member of the household’ refers to persons having a relationship of dependence with the EU citizen based on ‘close and stable personal ties, forged within the same household, in the context of a shared domestic life going beyond a mere temporary cohabitation entered into for reasons of pure convenience’ 90 . Factors to consider in assessing whether such ties exist include the degree of kinship and, depending on the specific circumstances of the case, ‘the closeness of the family relationship in question, reciprocity and the strength of the ties’ 91 . The ties must be of such a nature that, if the family member were prevented from being a member of the household of the EU citizen, ‘at least one of the two persons would be affected’ 92 . The duration of the shared domestic life is also an important factor 93 . The EU citizen and the other family member need to be members of the same household, but the EU citizen does not need to be the head of this household 94 . | V skladu s členom 3(2) direktive o prostem gibanju morajo države članice olajšati vstop in prebivanje širšim družinskim članom državljanov EU. Zadeva Minister for Justice and Equality (Ressortissant de pays tiers cousin d'un citoyen de l'Union) 89 se je nanašala na pojem članov gospodinjstva, tj. eno od kategorij pojma širših družinskih članov. Sodišče je najprej ugotovilo, da trije položaji, ki spadajo v kategorijo pojma širših družinskih članov, in sicer finančna odvisnost, fizična odvisnost in članstvo v gospodinjstvu, niso kumulativni. To pomeni, da se oseba lahko šteje za širšega družinskega člana, če je v enem od navedenih treh položajev. Drugič, Sodišče je pojasnilo, da izraz „član gospodinjstva“ pomeni osebo, ki je z državljanom EU v razmerju odvisnosti, ki temelji na „tesnih in trajnih osebnih vezeh, stkanih v istem gospodinjstvu, v družinski skupnosti, ki presega zgolj začasno sobivanje, nastalo zaradi gole priročnosti“ 90 . Dejavniki, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri presoji obstoja take vezi, vključujejo stopnjo sorodstva in, glede na posebne okoliščine vsakega primera, „tesnost zadevnega družinskega razmerja, vzajemnost in intenzivnost vezi, ki obstaja med tema osebama“ 91 . Ta vez mora biti taka, da „bi bila prizadeta vsaj ena od teh dveh oseb“, če bi bilo družinskemu članu preprečeno, da bi bil član gospodinjstva državljana EU v državi članici gostiteljici 92 . Pomemben dejavnik je tudi trajanje družinske skupnosti 93 . Državljan EU in drugi družinski član morata biti člana istega gospodinjstva, vendar ni nujno, da je državljan EU glava tega gospodinjstva 94 . |
| 5.3.Access to benefits and/or social assistance by mobile EU citizens | 5.3.Dostop mobilnih državljanov EU do prejemkov in/ali socialne pomoči |
| S. v Familienkasse Niedersachsen-Bremen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit 95 concerned the issue whether mobile EU citizens who habitually reside in the host Member State and are economically inactive can be excluded from entitlement to family benefits during the first three months of residence. The Court ruled that such a condition is not compatible with EU law, insofar as it concerns persons having their habitual residence in the host Member State where they are lawfully resident. For what concerns the Free Movement Directive, the Court confirmed that an economically non-active EU citizen has the right of residence on the territory of another Member State for a period of up to three months without any conditions or any formalities other than the requirement to hold a valid identity card or passport. While, under Article 24(2) of the Free Movement Directive, Member States are entitled not to confer social assistance during the first three months of residence to EU citizens other than those who are workers or self-employed and their family members, the Court clarified that this derogation did not apply in this case. Indeed, where family benefits are granted independently of the individual needs of the beneficiary and are not intended to cover means of subsistence but to meet family expenses, they do not fall under the concept of ‘social assistance’ within the meaning of the Free Movement Directive. This is in particular the case for family benefits granted automatically to families meeting certain objective criteria relating in particular to their size, income and capital resources without any individual and discretionary assessment of personal needs 96 . | Zadeva S proti Familienkasse Niedersachsen-Bremen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit 95 se je nanašala na vprašanje, ali se lahko mobilnim državljanom EU, ki običajno prebivajo v državi članici gostiteljici in so ekonomsko neaktivni, odvzame pravica do družinskih dajatev v prvih treh mesecih prebivanja. Sodišče je odločilo, da tak pogoj ni združljiv s pravom EU, če se nanaša na osebe, ki imajo običajno prebivališče v državi članici gostiteljici, v kateri zakonito prebivajo. V zvezi z direktivo o prostem gibanju je Sodišče potrdilo, da ima ekonomsko neaktiven državljan EU pravico do prebivanja na ozemlju druge države članice za obdobje do treh mesecev brez kakršnih koli pogojev ali formalnosti, imeti morajo le veljavno osebno izkaznico ali potni list. Države članice v skladu s členom 24(2) direktive o prostem gibanju državljanom EU, ki niso delavci ali samozaposlene osebe, in njihovim družinskim članom v prvih treh mesecih prebivanja niso dolžne dodeliti socialne pomoči, vendar je Sodišče pojasnilo, da se to odstopanje v tem primeru ne uporablja. Družinske dajatve, ki se dodelijo ne glede na posamične potrebe upravičenca in niso namenjene zagotavljanju sredstev za preživljanje, temveč pokrivanju družinskih izdatkov, namreč ne spadajo pod pojem socialne pomoči v smislu direktive o prostem gibanju. To velja zlasti za družinske dajatve, ki se samodejno dodeljujejo družinam, ki izpolnjujejo nekatere objektivne zahteve, ki se med drugim nanašajo na njihovo velikost, dohodke in kapitalske vire, ne glede na posamično in prosto presojo osebnih potreb 96 . |
| Jobcenter Krefeld 97 concerned the case of an EU citizen, who, before he became unemployed in the host Member State, had worked there and had sent his minor children to school there, and who, consequently, has the benefit of a right of residence based on Article 10 of Regulation No 492/2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union, by virtue of the children attending school in that State. The case relates to the right to equal treatment in relation to social advantages. | Zadeva Jobcenter Krefeld 97 se je nanašala na državljana EU, ki je, preden je postal brezposeln v državi članici gostiteljici, v zadevni državi delal in vpisal svoja mladoletna otroka v šolo, pri čemer ima zaradi šolanja otrok v zadevni državi pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 10 Uredbe (EU) št. 492/2011 o prostem gibanju delavcev v Uniji. Zadeva se nanaša na pravico do enakega obravnavanja v zvezi s socialnimi ugodnostmi. |
| The Court held that Regulation No 492/2011 precludes legislation of a Member State which provides that a national of another Member State, and his or her minor children, all of whom have, in the former Member State, a right of residence based on Article 10 of that regulation, by virtue of those children attending school in that State, are automatically and in all circumstances excluded from entitlement to benefits to cover their subsistence costs. The Court recalled that the right of residence granted to the children of a (former) migrant worker in order to guarantee their right to access to education and, secondarily, to the parent caring for those children has its original source in the status of that parent as a worker. However, once acquired, that right becomes independent and can continue after the loss of that status. The Court considered that persons who have a right of residence on the basis of Article 10 of Regulation No 492/2011 are also entitled to the right to equal treatment in relation to the granting of social advantages laid down in Article 7(2) of that regulation, even where those persons can no longer rely on the worker status from which they initially derived their right of residence 98 . | Sodišče je ugotovilo, da je Uredba (EU) št. 492/2011 v nasprotju z zakonodajo države članice, v skladu s katero so državljan druge države članice in njegovi mladoletni otroci, ki imajo v prvonavedeni državi članici zaradi šolanja v tej državi pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 10 navedene uredbe, v vseh okoliščinah in samodejno izključeni iz pravice do dajatev za zagotovitev kritja njihovih preživninskih stroškov. Sodišče je opozorilo, da pravica do prebivanja, ki jo imajo otroci (nekdanjega) delavca migranta, da bi se jim zagotovil dostop do izobraževanja, in sekundarno starš, ki skrbi za te otroke, prvotno izhaja iz tega, da ima starš status delavca. Vendar ta pravica, ko je enkrat pridobljena, postane neodvisna in lahko traja tudi po izgubi statusa delavca. Sodišče je menilo, da imajo osebe, ki imajo pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 10 Uredbe (EU) št. 492/2011, tudi pravico do enakega obravnavanja pri dodeljevanju socialnih ugodnosti iz člena 7(2) navedene uredbe, tudi če se te osebe ne morejo več sklicevati na status delavca, na podlagi katerega so prvotno pridobile pravico do prebivanja 98 . |
| The Court held that this interpretation is not called into question by Article 24(2) of the Free Movement Directive. In that regard, the Court clarified that the derogation from the principle of equal treatment laid down in Article 24(2) of the Free Movement Directive is not applicable to an EU citizen, who, before he or she became unemployed in the host Member State, had worked there and had sent his or her minor children to school there, and who, consequently, has the benefit of a right of residence based on Article 10 of Regulation No 492/2011, by virtue of the children attending school in that State 99 . | Sodišče je ugotovilo, da člen 24(2) direktive o prostem gibanju te razlage ne omaje. V zvezi s tem je pojasnilo, da se odstopanje od načela enakega obravnavanja iz člena 24(2) direktive o prostem gibanju ne uporablja za državljana EU, ki je, preden je postal brezposeln v državi članici gostiteljici, tam delal in svoje mladoletne otroke vpisal v šolo, pri čemer ima zaradi šolanja otrok v zadevni državi pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 10 Uredbe (EU) št. 492/2011 99 . |
| Lastly, the Court held that Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems precludes legislation of a Member State which provides that a national of another Member State and his or her minor children, all of whom have, in the former Member State, a right of residence based on Article 10 of Regulation No 492/2011, by virtue of those children attending school in that State, and are there covered by a social security system within the meaning of Regulation No 883/2004, are automatically and in all circumstances excluded from entitlement to special non-contributory cash benefits. 100 | Nazadnje je Sodišče ugotovilo, da je Uredba (ES) št. 883/2004 o koordinaciji sistemov socialne varnosti v nasprotju z zakonodajo države članice, v skladu s katero državljan druge države članice in njegovi mladoletni otroci, ki imajo v prvonavedeni državi članici zaradi šolanja v tej državi pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 10 Uredbe (EU) št. 492/2011 in so tam vključeni v sistem socialne varnosti v smislu člena Uredbe (EU) št. 883/2004, v vseh okoliščinah in samodejno niso upravičeni do posebnih denarnih dajatev, za katere se ne plačujejo prispevki 100 . |
| Case Department for Communities in Northern Ireland 101 concerns an EU citizen who arrived in the UK in 2019 and who has never exercised an economic activity in the UK. In June 2020, the EU citizen was granted a national law residence right in the UK, with immediate effect, in the form of “pre-settled status” under the UK’s EU Settlement Scheme. The EU Settlement Scheme avows to implement Article 18(1) of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement (new residence status for EU citizens and family who had exercised free movement rights in the UK at the end of the transition period) but at the same time includes, as a matter of domestic UK policy, EU citizens who are not covered by the Withdrawal Agreement due to not having fulfilled the residence right conditions of EU law on free movement of EU citizens. In 2020, the UK authorities decided that such EU citizen did not qualify for universal credit, given that the person did not have a right to reside under EU rules on free movement. | Zadeva Department for Communities in Northern Ireland 101 se nanaša na državljanko EU, ki je v Združeno kraljestvo prišla leta 2019 in ki v Združenem kraljestvu nikoli ni opravljala gospodarske dejavnosti. Junija 2020 je bila tej državljanki EU v skladu z nacionalnim pravom s takojšnjim učinkom dodeljena pravica do prebivanja v Združenem kraljestvu, in sicer v obliki statusa začasne prebivalke, dodeljenega v okviru prebivalne sheme Združenega kraljestva za državljane EU. Prebivalna shema za državljane EU je namenjena izvajanju člena 18(1) sporazuma o izstopu Združenega kraljestva iz EU (nov status prebivalca za državljane EU in njihove družinske člane, ki so ob koncu prehodnega obdobja uveljavljali pravice do prostega gibanja v Združenem kraljestvu), hkrati pa v okviru notranje politike Združenega kraljestva vključuje državljane EU, ki v sporazumu o izstopu niso zajeti, ker niso izpolnjevali pogojev za prejem pravice do prebivanja, določenih v pravu EU, ki ureja prosto gibanje državljanov EU. Leta 2020 so organi Združenega kraljestva odločili, da ti državljani EU niso upravičeni do univerzalnega prejemka, ker nimajo pravice do prebivanja v skladu s pravili EU o prostem gibanju. |
| The ruling clarifies under which conditions economically inactive EU citizens, who reside in the host Member State based on national law, can invoke the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of nationality in order to access social benefits in the host Member State. | V sodbi je pojasnjeno, pod katerimi pogoji se lahko ekonomsko neaktivni državljani EU, ki v državi članici gostiteljici prebivajo na podlagi nacionalnega prava, sklicujejo na prepoved diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo, da bi lahko v državi članici gostiteljici prejemali socialne dajatve. |
| The Court considers that the question as to whether such citizen faces discrimination on grounds of nationality must be assessed in the light of Article 24 of the Free Movement Directive, and not in that of Article 18 TFEU. Indeed, in that regard, the Court recalls that Article 24 of the Directive gives specific expression to the principle of non-discrimination on grounds of nationality laid down on Article 18 TFEU, in relation to EU citizens who exercise their right to move and reside within the territory of the Member States and that EU citizens who move to or reside in a Member State other than that of which they are a national, and their family members who accompany or join them, fall within the scope of the directive 102 . | Sodišče je menilo, da je treba vprašanje, ali so ti državljani diskriminirani na podlagi državljanstva, presojati z vidika člena 24 direktive o prostem gibanju in ne člena 18 PDEU. V zvezi s tem je namreč opozorilo, da je v členu 24 navedene direktive konkretizirano načelo prepovedi diskriminacije glede na državljanstvo iz člena 18 PDEU, in sicer v zvezi z državljani EU, ki uveljavljajo pravico do gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic, ter da državljani EU, ki se preselijo v državo članico, ki ni država članica, katere državljani so, ali prebivajo v njej, ter njihovi družinski člani, ki jih spremljajo ali se jim pridružijo, spadajo na področje uporabe navedene direktive 102 . |
| As concerns access to social assistance, the Court recalls that an EU citizen can claim equal treatment, by virtue of Article 24 of the Free Movement Directive, with nationals of the host Member State only if his or her residence in the territory of that Member State complies with the conditions of the Directive. An economically inactive EU citizen who does not have sufficient resources and resides in the host Member State without satisfying the residence requirements laid down in the Directive cannot rely on the principle of non-discrimination set out in Article 24(1) of the Directive. Indeed, otherwise, he or she would enjoy broader protection than he or she would have enjoyed under the provisions of that directive, under which that citizen would be refused a right of residence 103 . | V zvezi z dostopom do socialne pomoči Sodišče opozarja, da lahko državljan EU na podlagi člena 24 direktive o prostem gibanju zaprosi, da je obravnavan enako kot državljani države članice gostiteljice, le, če se pri njegovem prebivanju na ozemlju te države članice spoštujejo pogoji iz navedene direktive. Ekonomsko neaktiven državljan EU, ki nima dovolj sredstev in prebiva v državi članici gostiteljici, ne da bi izpolnjeval pogoje za prebivanje iz direktive o prostem gibanju, se ne more sklicevati na načelo nediskriminacije iz člena 24(1) navedene direktive. V nasprotnem primeru bi bil namreč deležen širše zaščite, kot bi jo imel na podlagi določb navedene direktive, v skladu s katerimi bi mu bila pravica do prebivanja zavrnjena 103 . |
| Where Article 24 of the Free Movement Directive does not apply because the EU citizen does not reside in accordance with the Directive but resides legally on the basis of national law in the territory of the host Member State, the Court considers that competent national authorities may only refuse an application for social assistance after ascertaining that that refusal does not expose the mobile EU citizen to an actual and current risk of violation of their fundamental rights, as enshrined under the Charter of Fundamental Rights 104 . | Sodišče meni, da lahko pristojni nacionalni organi v primeru, da se člen 24 direktive o prostem gibanju ne uporablja, ker državljan EU ne prebiva v skladu z navedeno direktivo, temveč na ozemlju države članice gostiteljice zakonito prebiva na podlagi nacionalnega prava, prošnjo za socialno pomoč zavrnejo šele, ko se prepričajo, da ta zavrnitev mobilnega državljana EU ne izpostavlja konkretnemu in aktualnemu tveganju kršitve njegovih temeljnih pravic, kot so določene v Listini o temeljnih pravicah 104 . |
| 5.4.Derived rights of residence for non-EU family members of EU citizens on the basis of Article 20 TFEU | 5.4.Izvedene pravice do prebivanja državljanov tretjih držav, ki so družinski člani državljanov EU, na podlagi člena 20 PDEU |
| In M.D. v Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága 105 a non-EU citizen living with his EU partner and their EU minor child in their Member State of nationality, made a request for a permanent residence permit which was rejected as the applicant had been sentenced for a criminal offence. The national authorities found that the conduct of the applicant represented a threat to the national security. They adopted a decision banning his entry and stay, for a period of three years, and entered an alert relating to that ban in the Schengen Information System (‘the SIS’). At the date on which his permit to reside was withdrawn, the non-EU citizen had a right of residence in a Member State other than the one of nationality of his partner and child. | V zadevi M. D. proti Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága 105 je državljan tretje države, ki s svojo partnerko in mladoletnim otrokom živi v državi članici njunega državljanstva, vložil prošnjo za izdajo dovoljenja za stalno prebivanje, ki je bila zavrnjena, ker je bil prosilec obsojen zaradi kaznivega dejanja. Nacionalni organi so ugotovili, da je prosilčevo ravnanje ogrožalo nacionalno varnost. Sprejeli so odločbo o prepovedi vstopa in prebivanja za obdobje treh let ter v schengenski informacijski sistem (SIS) vnesli razpis ukrepa v zvezi s to prepovedjo. Na dan odvzema dovoljenja za prebivanje je imel državljan tretje države pravico do prebivanja v državi članici, ki ni država, katere državljana sta njegova partnerka in otrok. |
| The Court recalled that there are specific situations in which a right of residence must be granted to a non-EU national who is a family member of that EU citizen, since the effectiveness of EU citizenship would otherwise be undermined 106 . On that basis, the Court confirmed that Article 20 TFEU precludes national measures which have the effect of depriving EU citizens of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of the rights conferred by virtue of their status as EU citizens 107 . The Court observed that the decision banning entry and stay of the non-EU citizen had a European dimension. It could not a priori be excluded that the ban on entry and stay would lead to the partner and the minor child -EU citizens- being, de facto, deprived of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of the rights which derive from their status as EU citizens. That would be the case if there exists, between that non-EU citizen and the EU citizen who is a family member, a relationship of dependency of such a nature that it would lead to the EU citizen being compelled to accompany the non-EU national concerned and to leave the territory of the EU as a whole. 108 The Court also recalled Member States may rely on an exception on grounds of public policy or public security in order to limit the right of residence based on Article 20 TFEU, where the person represents a real, immediate and sufficiently serious threat to public order or public or national security. The Court thus concluded that EU law precludes a Member State from adopting a decision banning entry into the EU of a non-EU citizen, who is a family member of a static EU citizen (a national of that Member State who has never exercised his or her right to free movement) without having examined whether there is, between those persons, a relationship of dependency which would de facto compel that EU citizen to leave the EU and, if so, whether the grounds on which that decision was adopted allow a derogation from the derived right of residence of that non-EU citizen 109 . | Sodišče je opozorilo, da obstajajo posebni primeri, v katerih je treba pravico do prebivanja priznati državljanu tretje države, ki je družinski član državljana EU, saj bi bil sicer ogrožen učinek državljanstva EU 106 . Na podlagi tega je Sodišče potrdilo, da člen 20 PDEU nasprotuje nacionalnim ukrepom, katerih učinek je, da državljanom EU preprečujejo dejansko uresničevanje bistvene vsebine pravic, ki so jim podeljene na podlagi statusa državljanov EU 107 . Sodišče je ugotovilo, da ima odločba o prepovedi vstopa in prebivanja državljana tretje države evropsko razsežnost. Ni bilo mogoče vnaprej izključiti, da bi prepoved vstopa in prebivanja partnerki in mladoletnemu otroku, ki sta državljana EU, dejansko onemogočila dejansko uresničevanje bistvene vsebine pravic, ki izhajajo iz njunega statusa državljanov EU. To bi se zgodilo, če bi med zadevnim državljanom tretje države in državljanom EU, ki je njegov družinski član, obstajalo razmerje odvisnosti, zaradi katerega bi bil državljan EU prisiljen spremljati zadevnega državljana tretje države in zapustiti ozemlje EU kot celoto 108 . Sodišče je tudi opozorilo, da se lahko države članice za omejitev pravice do prebivanja na podlagi člena 20 PDEU v primeru, da oseba predstavlja resnično, neposredno in dovolj resno grožnjo za javni red oziroma javno ali nacionalno varnost, sklicujejo na izjemo iz razlogov javnega reda ali nacionalne varnosti. Sodišče je torej ugotovilo, da pravo EU nasprotuje temu, da država članica sprejme odločbo o prepovedi vstopa na ozemlje EU za državljana tretje države, ki je družinski član statičnega državljana EU (tj. državljana zadevne države članice, ki ni nikoli uveljavljal svoje pravice do prostega gibanja), ne da bi predhodno proučila, ali med tema osebama obstaja razmerje odvisnosti, zaradi katerega bi bil državljan EU dejansko prisiljen zapustiti ozemlje EU, in če je odgovor pritrdilen, ali razlogi, zaradi katerih je bila ta odločba sprejeta, dovoljujejo odstopanje od izvedene pravice do prebivanja zadevnega državljana tretje države 109 . |
| In E.K. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid 110 , the Court confirmed that a non-EU national who enjoys a right of residence under Article 20 TFEU as a family member of a static EU citizen may acquire long-term resident status under Council Directive 2003/109/EC of 25 November 2003 concerning the status of non-EU nationals who are long-term residents (‘Long-term Residents Directive’) where the individual satisfies the conditions provided for by EU law. Firstly, the Court confirms that the Long-term Residents Directive excludes from its scope non-EU nationals who reside solely on temporary grounds 111 . However, the Court considers that the residence of a non-EU citizen in the territory of a Member State under Article 20 TFEU cannot be regarded as constituting residence “solely on temporary grounds” within the meaning of the Long-term Residents Directive. Indeed, the right of residence of a non-EU citizen under Article 20 TFEU is justified on the ground that such residence is necessary in order for the EU citizen to be able to genuinely enjoy the substance of the rights conferred by that status for as long as the relationship of dependency with that non-EU citizen persists. Such a relationship of dependency is not, in principle, intended to be of short duration, but may extend over a considerable period 112 . Secondly, the Court concludes that a non-EU national who enjoys a right of residence under Article 20 TFEU as a family member of a static EU citizen must satisfy the conditions laid down by that Directive (on length of residence, sufficient resources and sickness insurance as well as proof of integration in the Member State, if required by the latter) in order to acquire long-term resident status 113 . | Sodišče je v zadevi E. K. proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid 110 potrdilo, da lahko državljan tretje države, ki ima pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 20 PDEU kot družinski član statičnega državljana EU, v skladu z Direktivo Sveta 2003/109/ES z dne 25. novembra 2003 o statusu državljanov tretjih držav, ki so rezidenti za daljši čas (v nadaljnjem besedilu: direktiva o rezidentih za daljši čas), pridobi status rezidenta za daljši čas, če izpolnjuje pogoje, določene v pravu EU. Prvič, potrdilo je, da področje uporabe direktive o rezidentih za daljši ne vključuje državljanov tretjih držav, ki prebivajo samo iz začasnih razlogov 111 . Vendar je menilo, da ni mogoče šteti, da prebivanje državljana tretje države na ozemlju države članice na podlagi člena 20 PDEU pomeni prebivanje „samo iz začasnih razlogov“ v smislu direktive o rezidentih za daljši čas. Pravica do prebivanja državljana tretje države na podlagi člena 20 PDEU je namreč utemeljena zato, ker je tako prebivanje nujno, da lahko zadevni državljan EU dejansko uresničuje bistveno vsebino pravic, podeljenih s tem statusom, vse dokler traja razmerje odvisnosti z državljanom tretje države. Tako razmerje odvisnosti načeloma ni kratkotrajno in lahko zajema daljše obdobje 112 . Drugič, Sodišče je ugotovilo, da mora državljan tretje države, ki ima pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 20 PDEU kot družinski član statičnega državljana EU, za pridobitev statusa rezidenta za daljši čas izpolnjevati pogoje iz direktive o rezidentih za daljši čas (glede dolžine prebivanja, zadostnih sredstev, zdravstvenega zavarovanja in dokazila o integraciji v državo članico, če zadevna država članica to zahteva) 113 . |
| In X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid 114 a minor Dutch citizen, born in Thailand, the State of which his mother is a national, has lived in this country all his life. There is no contact between the Dutch father and the child, and the mother has sole parental responsibility over him. The Court had to interpret the application of Article 20 TFEU in cases where the minor EU citizen has never lived in the EU. The Court confirmed that Article 20 TFEU does not preclude the parent, non-EU national, of a minor child, who is an EU citizen and who since birth has never resided in the territory of the EU, from benefiting from a derived right of residence flowing from Article 20 TFEU provided that: | Zadeva X proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid 114 se je nanašala na mladoletnega nizozemskega državljana, ki se je rodil na Tajskem, katere državljanka je njegova mati in kjer je živel vse življenje. Nizozemski oče z otrokom nima stikov, mati pa ima zanj izključno starševsko skrb. Sodišče je moralo razložiti uporabo člena 20 PDEU v primeru mladoletnega državljana EU, ki ni nikoli živel v EU. Potrdilo je, da člen 20 PDEU ne onemogoča, da bi starš, državljan tretje države, mladoletnega otroka, ki je državljan EU in ki po rojstvu ni nikoli prebival na ozemlju EU, uveljavljal izvedeno pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 20 PDEU, če: |
| -the required relationship of dependency exists between the child and the parent – as laid down per settled case law; | –med otrokom in staršem obstaja zahtevano razmerje odvisnosti, kot je določeno v ustaljeni sodni praksi, in |
| -it is established that that child will enter and reside in the territory of the Member State of which he or she has the nationality with the parent 115 . | –se dokaže, da bo zadevni otrok vstopil na ozemlje države članice, katere državljanstvo ima, in tam prebival skupaj s staršem 115 . |
| Secondly, the Court considered that a Member State which has received an application for a derived right of residence by a non-EU national upon whom a minor EU child, who has never resided in the Union, is dependent, may not reject it on the ground that moving to the child’s Member State of nationality – which the exercise by that child of his or her rights as an EU citizen presupposes – is not in the real or plausible interests of that child 116 . Finally, for the assessment of whether a minor child, who is an EU citizen, is dependent on his or her non-EU national parent, the Member State concerned is required to take into account all the relevant circumstances 117 . | Drugič, Sodišče je menilo, da država članica, ki je prejela prošnjo za pridobitev izvedene pravice do prebivanja državljana tretje države, od katerega je odvisen mladoleten otrok, ki je državljan EU in nikoli ni prebival v Uniji, te prošnje ne sme zavrniti z obrazložitvijo, da selitev v državo članico otrokovega državljanstva, ki je pogojena s tem, da otrok uveljavlja svoje pravice kot državljan EU, ne bi bila v resničnem ali verjetnem interesu zadevnega otroka 116 . Nazadnje, pri presoji, ali je mladoleten otrok, ki je državljan EU, odvisen od svojega starša, ki ni državljan EU, mora zadevna država članica upoštevati vse upoštevne okoliščine 117 . |
| Lastly, the joined cases Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo v XU and QP 118 concerned also the right of residence, on the basis of Article 20 TFEU, of non-EU family members of an EU citizen who has not exercised their right of free movement. The non-EU family members concerned were the minor child of an EU citizen’s spouse, and the spouse of an EU citizen respectively. In addition, the family units concerned included children who were EU citizens: the brother of the spouse’s minor child and the daughter of the spouse. | Združeni zadevi Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo proti XU in QP 118 sta se nanašali na pravico do prebivanja na podlagi člena 20 PDEU, in sicer v primeru državljanov tretjih držav, ki sta družinska člana državljana EU, ki ni uveljavljal pravice do prostega gibanja. Zadevna družinska člana, ki sta državljana tretjih držav, sta bila mladoleten otrok zakonca državljana EU in zakonec državljanke EU. Med zadevnimi družinskimi člani sta bila tudi otroka, ki sta državljana EU: brat zakončevega mladoletnega otroka in zakončeva hči. |
| The Court recalled that Article 20 TFEU recognises a derived right of residence to the non-EU family members of an EU citizen who has not exercised free movement, when there is a relationship of dependency between those family members and the EU citizen that, in the event of that non-EU family member being refused a derived right of residence, would oblige the EU citizen to accompany the non-EU national and to leave the territory of the EU as a whole 119 . | Sodišče je opozorilo, da imajo državljani tretjih držav, ki so družinski člani državljana EU, ki ni uveljavljal pravice do prostega gibanja, na podlagi člena 20 PDEU izvedeno pravico do prebivanja, če med zadevnimi družinskimi člani in državljanom EU obstaja razmerje odvisnosti, ki bi državljana EU v primeru zavrnitve izvedene pravice do prebivanja družinskemu članu, ki je državljan tretje države, prisililo, da spremlja državljana tretje države in zapusti ozemlje EU kot celoto 119 . |
| The Court considered that there is a rebuttable presumption of a relationship of dependency with respect to an EU child who has not exercised his or her right of free movement in the following situation: where the non-EU parent lives on a stable basis with the other parent, who is an EU citizen, sharing the daily care of that child and the legal, emotional and financial responsibility for that child. The relationship of dependency may be presumed, irrespective of the fact that the other parent has an unconditional right to remain in the Member State of which he or she is a national 120 . | Sodišče je menilo, da obstaja izpodbojna domneva razmerja odvisnosti v zvezi z otrokom, ki je državljan EU in ni uveljavljal svoje pravice do prostega gibanja, če starš, ki je državljan tretje države, stalno živi z drugim staršem, ki je državljan EU in s katerim si vsakodnevno deli varstvo in vzgojo otroka ter pravno, čustveno in finančno skrb zanj. Mogoče je domnevati, da obstaja razmerje odvisnosti, in sicer ne glede na to, da ima drugi od staršev brezpogojno pravico ostati v državi članici, katere državljan je 120 . |
| In addition, the Court looked into the situation of a minor non-EU sibling of an EU citizen minor whose non-EU parent-carer is eligible for a right of residence under Article 20 TFEU. It concluded that a relationship of dependency capable of justifying the grant of a derived right of residence to the non-EU minor child of the non-EU spouse of an EU citizen who has never exercised his or her right of freedom of movement exists where (i) the marriage between that EU citizen and the non-EU spouse produced an EU child who has never exercised free movement rights, and (ii) that EU child would be forced to leave the territory of the EU as a whole if the non-EU minor child was forced to leave the territory of the Member State concerned. Indeed, in such a situation, the non-EU parent-carer could be forced to accompany the non-EU minor sibling. This, in turn, could also force the other EU citizen child to leave that territory 121 . | Poleg tega je Sodišče proučilo položaj mladoletnega sorojenca mladoletnega državljana EU, ki je državljan tretje države in čigar staršu, ki je tudi skrbnik, se lahko prizna pravica do prebivanja na podlagi člena 20 PDEU. Sodišče je ugotovilo, da razmerje odvisnosti, ki bi lahko upravičilo priznanje izvedene pravice do prebivanja v korist mladoletnega otroka, državljana tretje države, od zakonca, ki je državljan tretje države in zakonec državljana EU, ki ni nikoli uveljavljal svoje pravice do prostega gibanja, obstaja, kadar (i) se v zvezi med tem državljanom EU in njegovim zakoncem, državljanom tretje države, rodi otrok, državljan EU, ki ni nikoli uveljavljal svoje pravice do prostega gibanja, in (ii) bi bil navedeni otrok, državljan EU, prisiljen zapustiti ozemlje EU kot celoto, če bi bil mladoletni otrok, državljan tretje države, prisiljen zapustiti ozemlje zadevne države članice. V takem primeru bi lahko bil starš, ki je skrbnik otrok in državljan tretje države, prisiljen spremljati mladoletnega sorojenca, državljana tretje države. Zaradi tega pa bi lahko bil tudi drugi otrok, ki je državljan EU, prisiljen, da zapusti navedeno ozemlje 121 . |
| 5.5.Other cases on free movement rights | 5.5.Druge zadeve v zvezi s pravicami do prostega gibanja |
| WS v Bundesrepublik Deutschland 122 concerned a German national who had been subject to an Interpol notice. In such cases, if the person is in a State affiliated to Interpol, that State must provisionally arrest the person or restrict his or her movements. Prior to the notice, Germany had initiated investigations into that national on the same facts and had discontinued the procedure. Germany informed Interpol that it considered that the ne bis in idem applied in this case. Under the ne bis in idem principle, a person whose trial has been finally disposed of cannot be prosecuted again for the same offence. The German national subsequently brought proceedings seeking a judicial order requiring Germany to take all necessary measures to arrange for the notice to be withdrawn. The citizen relied, among others, on his free movement rights, as he could not travel to any State that is a party to the Schengen Agreement or to any Member State without risking arrest. | Zadeva WS proti Bundesrepublik Deutschland 122 se je nanašala na nemškega državljana, v zvezi s katerim je bila razpisana Interpolova tiralica. Če se iskana oseba nahaja v državi članici Interpola, jo mora ta država v takih primerih začasno prijeti ali omejiti njeno gibanje. Nemčija je pred razpisom tiralice proti temu državljanu začela preiskavo na podlagi istih dejstev in postopek ustavila. Interpol je obvestila, da se po njenem mnenju v tem primeru uporablja načelo ne bis in idem. V skladu z načelom ne bis in idem osebe, proti kateri je bil sodni postopek pravnomočno končan, ni mogoče ponovno preganjati zaradi istega kaznivega dejanja. Nemški državljan je nato vložil tožbo, v kateri je zahteval izdajo sodne odredbe, v skladu s katero bi morala Nemčija sprejeti vse potrebne ukrepe za umik tiralice. Državljan se je med drugim skliceval na svoje pravice do prostega gibanja, saj ni mogel potovati v nobeno državo, ki je pogodbenica Schengenskega sporazuma, oziroma v nobeno državo članico, ne da bi tvegal prijetje. |
| The Court thus examined whether Article 21 TFEU on the free movement of persons, together with EU law provisions on the ne bis in idem principle, precludes the provisional arrest of the person in such a situation. | Sodišče je torej proučilo, ali člen 21 PDEU o prostem gibanju oseb skupaj z določbami prava EU o načelu ne bis in idem preprečuje začasno prijetje osebe v takem položaju. |
| The Court held that, while a provisional arrest constitutes a restriction of free of movement rights 123 , it is justified by the legitimate aim of preventing evasion of punishment where the applicability of the ne bis in idem principle is uncertain. By contrast, subjecting the person to provisional arrest or custody is precluded if it is established by a final judicial decision that the ne bis in idem applies. | Sodišče je ugotovilo, da začasno prijetje sicer res pomeni omejitev pravice do prostega gibanja 123 , vendar ga upravičuje legitimni cilj preprečiti nekaznovanost v primeru, da je negotovo, ali se načelo ne bis in idem uporablja. Nasprotno pa je začasno prijetje ali pridržanje osebe izključeno, če se s pravnomočno sodno odločbo ugotovi, da se načelo ne bis in idem uporablja. |
| In Staatsanwaltschaft Heilbronn vs ZW 124 , the Court dealt with Romanian nationals who moved the residence of their child from Germany to Romania without the necessary consent of a government-appointed carer who was empowered to fix that child’s place of residence. The questions referred to the Court concerned German criminal law rules providing for a different treatment depending on whether the child is retained by his parent inside or outside Germany (including in another Member State): only in the latter case would this conduct be punished by criminal penalties even in the absence of force, threat of serious harm or deception. 125 The Court stressed that non-German EU citizens residing in Germany are more likely than German citizens to remove or send their child to another Member State and retain them there. Therefore, such difference in treatment is likely to affect or even restrict the free movement of EU citizens. While the protection of the child is a legitimate interest which, in principle, justifies a restriction on free movement, the national provision at issue was considered to go beyond what is necessary to attain that legitimate objective. The Court referred in particular to the EU legislation on judicial cooperation in international child abduction. 126 The Court concluded that Article 21 TFEU on the free movement of persons precludes a provision such as that at issue in the case. | V zadevi Staatsanwaltschaft Heilbronn proti ZW 124 je Sodišče obravnavalo romunska državljana, ki sta svojega otroka iz Nemčije preselila v Romunijo brez potrebnega soglasja rejnika, imenovanega s strani vlade, ki je bil pooblaščen za določitev otrokovega prebivališča. Vprašanja, ki so bila predložena Sodišču, so se nanašala na pravila nemškega kazenskega prava, ki predvidevajo različno obravnavanje glede na to, ali starš otroka zadržuje v Nemčiji ali zunaj nje (tudi v drugi državi članici): le v slednjem primeru so za tako ravnanje predvidene kazenske sankcije, tudi če ni bila uporabljena sila, resna grožnja ali preslepitev 125 . Sodišče je poudarilo, da je verjetnost, da bodo državljani EU, ki niso Nemci in prebivajo v Nemčiji, svojega otroka preselili ali napotili v drugo državo članico in ga tam zadržali, večja kot v primeru nemških državljanov. Zato je verjetno, da to različno obravnavanje vpliva na prosto gibanje državljanov EU ali ga celo omejuje. Varstvo otroka je sicer legitimen interes, ki načeloma upravičuje omejitev prostega gibanja, vendar je bilo ugotovljeno, da zadevna nacionalna določba presega to, kar je potrebno za uresničitev navedenega legitimnega cilja. Sodišče se je sklicevalo zlasti na zakonodajo EU o pravosodnem sodelovanju na področju mednarodnega protipravnega odvzema otrok 126 . Sklenilo je, da člen 21 PDEU o prostem pretoku oseb nasprotuje določbi, obravnavani v tej zadevi. |
| Case Ligue des droits humains 127 provided important clarifications on the interpretation of the PNR (Passenger Name Record) Directive and on data protection issues. It also clarified the modalities for the use of PNR data on intra-EU flights. | V zadevi Ligue des droits humains 127 so bila zagotovljena pomembna pojasnila v zvezi z razlago direktive o evidenci podatkov o potnikih in vprašanjih varstva podatkov. Pojasnjeni so bili tudi načini uporabe podatkov iz evidence podatkov o potnikih na letih znotraj EU. |
| The PNR Directive requires the systematic processing of a significant amount of PNR (Passenger Name Record) data relating to air passengers on extra-EU flights entering and leaving the EU, for the purposes of combating terrorist offences and serious crime. In addition, Article 2 of that Directive provides Member States with the possibility to apply the directive to intra-EU flights too. | Direktiva o evidenci podatkov o potnikih zahteva sistematično obdelavo velike količine podatkov iz evidence podatkov o potnikih, ki se nanašajo na letalske potnike na letih zunaj EU, ki vstopajo v EU in izstopajo iz nje, za namene boja proti terorističnim in hudim kaznivim dejanjem. Poleg tega člen 2 navedene direktive državam članicam omogoča, da direktivo uporabljajo tudi za lete znotraj EU. |
| Within the framework of an action for annulment before the Cour constitutionnelle (Constitutional Court, Belgium) against the Belgian Law which transposed into domestic law the PNR Directive 128 and the API Directive 129 , the Belgian Constitutional Court referred ten questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a preliminary ruling on, among other things, the validity of the PNR Directive and the compatibility of the Belgian law with EU law. | Belgijsko ustavno sodišče (Cour constitutionnelle) je v okviru ničnostne tožbe, ki je bila pred njim vložena zoper belgijski zakon o prenosu direktive o evidenci podatkov o potnikih 128 in direktive o predhodnih informacijah o potnikih 129 v nacionalno zakonodajo, Sodišču Evropske unije predložilo deset vprašanj v predhodno odločanje, med drugim o veljavnosti direktive o evidenci podatkov o potnikih in združljivosti belgijskega prava s pravom EU. |
| The Court concluded that the examination of the questions referred had revealed nothing capable of affecting the validity of the said Directive 130 . | Sodišče je sklenilo, da pri proučitvi predloženih vprašanj ni bil ugotovljen noben element, ki bi lahko vplival na veljavnost navedene direktive 130 . |
| In addition, and among other issues, the Court provided clarifications on a possible application of the system established by the PNR Directive for the purpose of combating terrorist offences and serious crime, to intra-EU flights and other modes of transport carrying passengers in the EU. In that regard, the Court held that EU law precludes national legislation which, in the absence of a genuine and present or foreseeable terrorist threat with which the Member State concerned is confronted, establishes a system for the transfer, by air carriers and tour operators, as well as for the processing, by the competent authorities, of the PNR data of all intra-EU flights and transport operations carried out by other means within the EU, departing from, going to or transiting through that Member State, for the purposes of combating terrorist offences and serious crime 131 . | Sodišče je med drugim pojasnilo tudi možnost uporabe sistema, vzpostavljenega z direktivo o evidenci podatkov o potnikih za namene boja proti terorističnim in hudim kaznivim dejanjem, in sicer za lete znotraj EU in druge načine prevoza potnikov znotraj EU. V zvezi s tem je Sodišče ugotovilo, da pravo EU nasprotuje nacionalni zakonodaji, ki ob neobstoju resnične in sedanje ali predvidljive teroristične grožnje, s katero bi se spopadala zadevna država članica, določa sistem prenosa, ki ga izvajajo letalski prevozniki in potovalne agencije, in obdelave, ki jo opravljajo pristojni organi, glede podatkov iz evidenc podatkov o potnikih v zvezi z vsemi leti znotraj EU in prevozi, opravljenimi z drugimi prevoznimi sredstvi znotraj EU, ki prihajajo iz te države članice, ki so vanjo namenjeni ali ki so v tranzitu prek te države članice, za namene boja proti terorističnim in hudim kaznivim dejanjem 131 . |
| In such a situation, the application of the system established by the PNR Directive must be limited to the transfer and processing of the PNR data of flights and/or transport operations relating, inter alia, to certain routes or travel patterns or to certain airports, stations or seaports for which there are indications that are such as to justify that application. It is for the Member State concerned to select the intra-EU flights and/or the transport operations carried out by other means within the EU for which there are such indications and to review regularly that application in accordance with changes in the circumstances that justified their selection, for the purposes of ensuring that the application of that system to those flights and/or those transport operations continues to be limited to what is strictly necessary 132 . | V takem položaju mora biti uporaba sistema, vzpostavljenega z direktivo o evidenci podatkov o potnikih, omejena na prenos in obdelavo podatkov iz evidence podatkov o potnikih v zvezi z leti in/ali prevozi, ki se med drugim nanašajo na nekatere povezave, potovalne načrte ali celo na nekatera letališča, železniške postaje ali pristanišča, za katera obstajajo indici, ki lahko upravičijo to uporabo. Zadevna država članica mora izbrati lete znotraj EU in/ali prevoze, opravljene z drugimi prevoznimi sredstvi znotraj EU, za katere obstajajo taki indici, in navedeno uporabo redno pregledovati glede na razvoj okoliščin, ki so utemeljevale njihovo izbiro, da se zagotovi, da je uporaba tega sistema za te lete in/ali prevoze vedno omejena na tisto, kar je nujno potrebno 132 . |
| 6.European Citizens’ Initiative (Article 24 TFEU; Article 11(4) TEU) | 6.Evropska državljanska pobuda (člen 24 PDEU in člen 11(4) PEU) |
| During the period covered by this Report, the Court issued 2 key judgements relating to the European Citizens’ Initiative. | V obdobju, ki ga zajema to poročilo, je Sodišče v zvezi z evropsko državljansko pobudo izdalo dve pomembni sodbi. |
| In Romania v Commission 133 , the Court addresses explicitly, for the first time, the question whether a Commission decision to register a European citizens’ initiative is a challengeable act. It also clarified the characteristics of the review exercised by the Commission for the purpose of adopting such a decision and, on the other hand, the nature of the Court’s review of the legality of that decision. On 18 June 2013, the request for the registration of European’s citizens’ initiative entitled ‘Cohesion policy for the equality of the regions and sustainability of the regional cultures’ was submitted to the European Commission. By decision of 25 July 2013 134 , the Commission refused the request for registration of the initiative at issue on the ground that it fell manifestly outside the framework of its powers to submit a proposal for an EU legal act for the purposes of implementing the Treaties. The action for annulment brought against that decision was dismissed by the General Court 135 . On appeal, the Court of Justice set aside the judgment of the General Court and annulled the decision of 25 July 2013 136 . On 30 April 2019, the Commission adopted a new decision by which it registered the initiative at issue 137 . Romania brought an action for annulment of that decision. The Court dismissed Romania’s action. The case is now under appeal (C-54/22). | V zadevi Romunija proti Komisiji 133 je Sodišče prvič izrecno obravnavalo vprašanje, ali je sklep Komisije o prijavi evropske državljanske pobude mogoče izpodbijati. Poleg tega je pojasnilo značilnosti nadzora, ki ga izvaja Komisija za namene sprejetja takega sklepa, pa tudi naravo nadzora, ki ga izvaja Sodišče v zvezi z zakonitostjo navedenega sklepa. Evropska komisija je 18. junija 2013 prejela zahtevo za prijavo evropske državljanske pobude Kohezijska politika za enakost regij in trajnost regionalnih kultur. S sklepom z dne 25. julija 2013 134 je zahtevo za prijavo zadevne pobude zavrnila z utemeljitvijo, da pobuda očitno presega okvir njenih pristojnosti za predložitev predloga pravnega akta EU za namene izvajanja Pogodb. Splošno sodišče je ničnostno tožbo, vloženo zoper navedeni sklep, zavrnilo 135 . Sodišče je na podlagi pritožbe sodbo Splošnega sodišča razveljavilo in sklep z dne 25. julija 2013 razglasilo za ničnega 136 . Komisija je 30. aprila 2019 sprejela nov sklep, s katerim je bila zadevna pobuda prijavljena 137 . Romunija je vložila tožbo za razglasitev ničnosti navedenega sklepa. Sodišče je tožbo Romunije zavrnilo. Zadeva je zdaj v pritožbenem postopku (C-54/22). |
| In Minority SafePack v. European Commission 138 , European citizens’ initiative organisers brought an action for annulment against Commission’s Communication C(2021)171 before the General Court. The communication was adopted in response to the successful European citizens’ initiative ‘Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe’. In its judgment of 9 November 2022, the General Court held that the Commission complied with its obligation to state reasons when considering that no additional legal act was necessary to achieve the objectives pursued by the initiative, given the initiatives already undertaken by the EU institutions in the areas covered by the initiative and the Commission’s monitoring of their implementation. On 21 January 2023, the organisers lodged an appeal against this judgment with the Court of Justice (case C-26/23 P). | V zadevi Minority SafePack proti Evropski komisiji 138 so organizatorji evropske državljanske pobude pred Splošnim sodiščem vložili ničnostno tožbo zoper sporočilo Komisije C(2021) 171. Sporočilo je bilo sprejeto v odgovor na uspešno evropsko državljansko pobudo Zaščita manjšin – milijon podpisov za raznolikost v Evropi. Splošno sodišče je v sodbi z dne 9. novembra 2022 ugotovilo, da je Komisija izpolnila svojo obveznost obrazložitve, ko je navedla, da za uresničitev ciljev pobude ni treba sprejeti dodatnega pravnega akta, saj so institucije EU že sprejele pobude na področjih, ki jih zajema zadevna pobuda, Komisija pa spremlja njihovo izvajanje. Organizatorji zadevne pobude so 21. januarja 2023 pred Sodiščem vložili pritožbo zoper to sodbo (zadeva C-26/23 P). |
| (1) | (1) |
| “EU Citizenship Report 2020” Communication (Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: EU Citizenship Report 2020 - Empowering citizens and protecting their rights, COM(2020)730 final). | Poročilo o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 (Poročilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij Poročilo o državljanstvu EU za leto 2020 – Opolnomočenje državljanov in zaščita njihovih pravic (COM(2020) 730 final)). |
| (2) | (2) |
| Article 25(1) TFEU provides that the “Commission shall report to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the Economic and Social Committee every three years on the application of the provisions of this Part. This report shall take account of the development of the Union”. Through its interpretation of the different Articles under Part 2 of the TFEU, the Court clarifies and specifies the rights flowing from EU citizenship. The Commission plays an active role in relevant procedures, notably in infringement procedures against Member States for alleged breaches of the respective Articles or by intervening in references for a preliminary ruling. The overview of cases in this Annex is not an exhaustive list of all cases with a link to EU citizenship but focuses on those deemed most relevant. | V členu 25(1) PDEU je določeno: „Komisija poroča o uporabi določb tega dela Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu in Ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru vsaka tri leta. V tem poročilu mora biti upoštevan razvoj Unije.“ Sodišče z razlago različnih členov iz dela 2 PDEU pojasnjuje in določa pravice, ki izhajajo iz državljanstva EU. Komisija ima dejavno vlogo v ustreznih postopkih, zlasti v postopkih za ugotavljanje kršitev, ki se začnejo proti državam članicam zaradi domnevnih kršitev zadevnih členov, in posreduje pri predlogih za sprejetje predhodne odločbe. Pregled zadev iz te priloge ni izčrpen seznam vseh zadev, povezanih z državljanstvom EU, temveč zajema predvsem zadeve, ki se obravnavajo kot najpomembnejše. |
| (3) | (3) |
| This number includes cases on residence rights derived from EU citizenship based on Article 20 TFEU. | To število vključuje zadeve v zvezi s pravicami do prebivanja, ki izhajajo iz državljanstva EU na podlagi člena 20 PDEU. |
| (4) | (4) |
| Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States amending Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 and repealing Directives 64/221/EEC, 68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/EEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/EEC (Text with EEA relevance), OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 77–123. | Direktiva Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta 2004/38/ES z dne 29. aprila 2004 o pravici državljanov Unije in njihovih družinskih članov do prostega gibanja in prebivanja na ozemlju držav članic, ki spreminja Uredbo (EGS) št. 1612/68 in razveljavlja Direktive 64/221/EGS, 68/360/EGS, 72/194/EGS, 73/148/EGS, 75/34/EGS, 75/35/EGS, 90/364/EGS, 90/365/EGS in 93/96/EEC (Besedilo velja za EGP) (UL L 158, 30.4.2004, str. 77). |
| (5) | (5) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 December 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München v S.M., C-237/21 , EU:C:2022:1017. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. decembra 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München proti S. M., C-237/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:1017. |
| (6) | (6) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 December 2020, BY, C-398/19 , EU:C:2020:1032. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, BY, C-398/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:1032. |
| (7) | (7) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 December 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München v S.M.,C-237/21, EU:C:2022:1017, para. 31. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. decembra 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München proti S. M., C-237/21, ECLI:EU:C:2022:1017, točka 31. |
| (8) | (8) |
| See: Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 13 November 2018, Raugeivicius, C‑247/17 , EU:C:2018:898. | Glej sodbo Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 13. novembra 2018, Raugeivicius, C‑247/17 , ECLI:EU:C:2018:898. |
| (9) | (9) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 December 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München v S.M., C-237/21 , EU:C:2022:1017, para. 31. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. decembra 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München proti S. M., C-237/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:1017, točka 31. |
| (10) | (10) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 December 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München v S.M., C-237/21 , EU:C:2022:1017, para. 35-42. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. decembra 2022, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft München proti S. M., C-237/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:1017, točke 35 do 42. |
| (11) | (11) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 April 2020, I.N. v Ruska Federacija, C‑897/19 PPU , EU:C:2020:262. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 2. aprila 2020, I. N. proti Ruski Federaciji, C‑897/19 PPU , ECLI:EU:C:2020:262. |
| (12) | (12) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 December 2020, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin v BY, C-389/19 , EU:C:2020:1032, para. 28. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin proti BY, C-389/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:1032, točka 28. |
| (13) | (13) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 6 September 2016, Aleksei Petruhhin, C‑182/15 , EU:C:2016:630. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 6. septembra 2016, Aleksei Petruhhin, C‑182/15 , ECLI:EU:C:2016:630. |
| (14) | (14) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 December 2020, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin v BY, C-389/19 , EU:C:2020:1032, para. 31. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin proti BY, C-389/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:1032, točka 31. |
| (15) | (15) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 December 2020, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin v BY, C-389/19 , EU:C:2020:1032, para. 43-47. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin proti BY, C-389/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:1032, točke 43 do 47. |
| (16) | (16) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 December 2020, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin v BY, C-389/19, EU:C:2020:1032, para. 67. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Berlin proti BY, C-389/19, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1032, točka 67. |
| (17) | (17) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 10 February 2022, OE v VY, C-522/20 , EU:C:2022:87. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 10. februarja 2022, OE proti VY, C-522/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:87. |
| (18) | (18) |
| Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (OJ 2003 L 338, p. 1). | Uredba Sveta (ES) št. 2201/2003 z dne 27. novembra 2003 o pristojnosti in priznavanju ter izvrševanju sodnih odločb v zakonskih sporih in sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo ter o razveljavitvi Uredbe (ES) št. 1347/2000 (UL L 338, 23.12.2003, str. 1). |
| (19) | (19) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 10 February 2022, OE v VY, C-522/20 , EU:C:2022:87, para. 19 - 21. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 10. februarja 2022, OE proti VY, C-522/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:87, točke 19, 20 in 21. |
| (20) | (20) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 10 February 2022, OE v VY, C-522/20 , EU:C:2022:87, para. 38-44. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 10. februarja 2022, OE proti VY, C-522/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:87, točke 38 do 44. |
| (21) | (21) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 10 February 2022, OE v VY, C-522/20 , EU:C:2022:87, para. 31. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 10. februarja 2022, OE proti VY, C-522/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:87, točka 31. |
| (22) | (22) |
| Judgement of the Court (Second Chamber) of 13 October 2022, L.F. v S.C.R.L., C-344/20 , EU:C:2022:774, para. 33. See also judgment of 14 March 2017, G4S Secure Solutions, C‑157/15 , EU:C:2017:203, paragraphs 30 and 32. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 13. oktobra 2022, L. F. proti S. C. R. L., C-344/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:774, točka 33. Glej tudi sodbo z dne 14. marca 2017, G4S Secure Solutions, C‑157/15 , ECLI:EU:C:2017:203, točki 30 in 32. |
| (23) | (23) |
| See press release . | Glej sporočilo za javnost . |
| (24) | (24) |
| Directive 2000/78 of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. | Direktiva 2000/78/ES z dne 27. novembra 2000 o splošnih okvirih enakega obravnavanja pri zaposlovanju in delu. |
| (25) | (25) |
| Judgement of the Court (Second Chamber) of 13 October 2022, L.F. v S.C.R.L., C-344/20, EU:C:2022:774, para. 25 | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 13. oktobra 2022, L. F. proti S. C. R. L., C-344/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:774, točka 25. |
| (26) | (26) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, IX v WABE eV and MH Müller Handels GmbH v MJ, Joined Cases C‑804/18 and C‑341/19 , EU:C:2021:594, para. 52. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, IX proti WABE eV in MH Müller Handels GmbH proti MJ, združeni zadevi C‑804/18 in C‑341/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:594, točka 52. |
| (27) | (27) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, IX v WABE eV and MH Müller Handels GmbH v MJ, Joined Cases C‑804/18 and C‑341/19, EU:C:2021:594, para. 44. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, IX proti WABE eV in MH Müller Handels GmbH proti MJ, združeni zadevi C‑804/18 in C‑341/19, ECLI:EU:C:2021:594, točka 44. |
| (28) | (28) |
| See: judgement of the Court (Grand-Chamber) of 15 July 2021, IX v WABE ev and MH Müller handels GmbH v MJ, joined Cases C-804/18 and C-341/19, EU:C:2021:594, paras. 70, 90. | Glej sodbo Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, IX proti WABE eV in MH Müller Handels GmbH proti MJ, združeni zadevi C‑804/18 in C‑341/19, ECLI:EU:C:2021:594, točki 70 in 90. |
| (29) | (29) |
| Judgement of the Court (Second Chamber) of 2 June 2022, A v HK Danmark and HK/Privat, C-587/20 , EU:C:2022:419. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 2. junija 2022, A proti HK Danmark in HK/Privat, C-587/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:419. |
| (30) | (30) |
| Judgement of the Court (Second Chamber) of 2 June 2022, A v HK Danmark and HK/Privat, C-587/20 , EU:C:2022:419, para. 54. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 2. junija 2022, A proti HK Danmark in HK/Privat, C-587/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:419, točka 54. |
| (31) | (31) |
| See also press release . | Glej tudi sporočilo za javnost . |
| (32) | (32) |
| Judgement of the Court (Second Chamber) of 2 June 2022, A v HK Danmark and HK/Privat, C-587/20 , EU:C:2022:419, para. 34. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 2. junija 2022, A proti HK Danmark in HK/Privat, C-587/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:419, točka 34. |
| (33) | (33) |
| Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 12 January 2023, J.K. v TP S.A, C 356/21 , EU:C:2023:9. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 12. januarja 2023, J. K. proti TP S.A., C 356/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:9. |
| (34) | (34) |
| See also press release . | Glej tudi sporočilo za javnost . |
| (35) | (35) |
| Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 12 January 2023, J.K. v TP S.A, C 356/21 , EU:C:2023:9, para. 36. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 12. januarja 2023, J. K. proti TP S.A., C 356/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:9, točka 36. |
| (36) | (36) |
| Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 12 January 2023, J.K. v TP S.A, C 356/21 , EU:C:2023:9, para. 43. | Sodba Sodišča (drugi senat) z dne 12. januarja 2023, J. K. proti TP S.A., C 356/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:9, točka 43. |
| (37) | (37) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 24 February 2022, CJ v Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS), C-389/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:120. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 24. februarja 2022, CJ proti Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS), C-389/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:120. |
| (38) | (38) |
| Directive 79/7/EEC of 19 December 1978 on the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security, OJ L 6, 10.1.1979, p. 24. | Direktiva Sveta 79/7/EGS z dne 19. decembra 1978 o postopnem izvrševanju načela enakega obravnavanja moških in žensk v zadevah socialne varnosti (UL L 6, 10.1.1979, str. 24). |
| (39) | (39) |
| Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, Silver and Others v Council, C‑499/21 P , EU:C:2023:479. | Sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, Silver in drugi proti Svetu, C‑499/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:479. |
| (40) | (40) |
| Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, Shindler and Others v Council, C-501/21 P , EU:C:2023:480. | Sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, Shindler in drugi proti Svetu, C-501/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:480. |
| (41) | (41) |
| Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, David Price v Council, C-502/21 P , EU:C:2023:482. | Sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, David Price proti Svetu, C-502/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:482. |
| (42) | (42) |
| Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, Silver and Others v Council, C‑499/21 P , EU:C:2023:479, para. 46 and 47; Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, Shindler and Others v Council, C-501/21 P , EU:C:2023:480, para. 69 and 70; Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 15 June 2023, David Price v Council, C-502/21 P , EU:C:2023:482, para. 75 and 76. | Sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, Silver in drugi proti Svetu, C‑499/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:479, točki 46 in 47; sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, Shindler in drugi proti Svetu, C-501/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:480, točki 69 in 70; Sodba Sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 15. junija 2023, David Price proti Svetu, C-502/21 P , ECLI:EU:C:2023:482, točki 75 in 76. |
| (43) | (43) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 January 2022, JY v Wiener Landesregierung, C‑118/20 , EU:C:2022:34. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 18. januarja 2022, JY proti Wiener Landesregierung, C‑118/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:34. |
| (44) | (44) |
| The Court has relied on the prior case-law: judgments of 2 March 2010, Rottmann, C‑135/08 , EU:C:2010:104, para.55 and 56, and of 12 March 2019, Tjebbes and Others, C‑221/17 , EU:C:2019:189, para. 40. | Sodišče se je oprlo na preteklo sodno prakso: sodbo z dne 2. marca 2010, Rottmann, C‑135/08 , ECLI:EU:C:2010:104, točki 55 in 56, ter sodbo z dne 12. marca 2019, Tjebbes in drugi, C‑221/17 , ECLI:EU:C:2019:189, točka 40. |
| (45) | (45) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 January 2022, JY v Wiener Landesregierung, C‑118/20 , EU:C:2022:34, para. 74. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 18. januarja 2022, JY proti Wiener Landesregierung, C‑118/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:34, točka 74. |
| (46) | (46) |
| Judgment of 9 June 2022, EP v Préfet du Gers and Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), C-673/20 , EU:C:2022:449. | Sodba z dne 9. junija 2022, EP proti Préfet du Gers in Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), C-673/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:449. |
| (47) | (47) |
| Judgment of 9 June 2022, EP v Préfet du Gers and Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), C-673/20, EU:C:2022:449, para. 45. | Sodba z dne 9. junija 2022, EP proti Préfet du Gers in Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), C-673/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:449, točka 45. |
| (48) | (48) |
| Order of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 15 March 2022, WY v Steiermärkische Landesregierung, C-85/21 , EU:C:2022:192 | Sklep Sodišča (deveti senat) z dne 15. marca 2022, WY proti Steiermärkische Landesregierung, C-85/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:192. |
| (49) | (49) |
| Order of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 15 March 2022, WY v Steiermärkische Landesregierung, C-85/21 , EU:C:2022:192, para. 29. | Sklep Sodišča (deveti senat) z dne 15. marca 2022, WY proti Steiermärkische Landesregierung, C-85/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:192, točka 29. |
| (50) | (50) |
| Order of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 15 March 2022, WY v Steiermärkische Landesregierung, C-85/21 , EU:C:2022:192, para. 31. | Sklep Sodišča (deveti senat) z dne 15. marca 2022, WY proti Steiermärkische Landesregierung, C-85/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:192, točka 31. |
| (51) | (51) |
| Judgment of the General Court (Eighth Chamber) of 9 November 2022, Citizens' Committee of the European Citizens' Initiative 'Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe' v European Commission, T-158/21 , under appeal, EU:T:2022:696. | Sodba Splošnega sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 9. novembra 2022, Citizens’ Committee of the European Citizens’ Initiative „Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe“ proti Evropski komisiji, T-158/21 , v pritožbenem postopku, ECLI:EU:T:2022:696. |
| (52) | (52) |
| This Annex does not address several cases which are, while not based on Article 21 TFEU or on the Free Movement Directive, still relevant in the context of the exercise of free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic. They concern in particular the EU Digital COVID Certificate Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2021/953). These are T-527/21 (Abenante and Others v Parliament and Council), T-101/22 (OG and Others v Commission), T-103/22 (ON v European Commission) and T-503/21 (Lagardère, unité médico-sociale v Commission). This Annex does not address the judgments of the Court based primarily on the status of ‘Union worker’ pursuant to Article 45 et seq. TFEU either. | V to prilogo ni vključenih več zadev, ki sicer ne temeljijo na členu 21 PDEU ali direktivi o prostem gibanju, vendar so še vedno relevantne v smislu uveljavljanja pravice do prostega gibanja med pandemijo COVID-19. Te zadeve se nanašajo zlasti za uredbo o digitalnem COVID potrdilu EU (Uredba (EU) 2021/953). Gre za zadeve T-527/21 (Abenante in drugi proti Parlamentu in Svetu), T-101/22 (OG in drugi proti Komisiji), T-103/22 (ON proti Evropski komisiji) in T-503/21 (Lagardère, unité médico-sociale proti Komisiji). V to prilogo niso vključene niti sodbe Sodišča, ki temeljijo predvsem na statusu „delavca Unije“ v skladu s členom 45 in naslednjimi členi PDEU. |
| (53) | (53) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 17 December 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, EU:C:2020:1037. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1037. |
| (54) | (54) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 17 December 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, EU:C:2020:1037, para. 51. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1037, točka 51. |
| (55) | (55) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 17 December 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, EU:C:2020:1037, para. 45. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1037, točka 45. |
| (56) | (56) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 17 December 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, EU:C:2020:1037, para. 43. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1037, točka 43. |
| (57) | (57) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 17 December 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, EU:C:2020:1037, para. 42. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1037, točka 42. |
| (58) | (58) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 17 December 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, EU:C:2020:1037, para. 28. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 17. decembra 2020, GMA Demandeur d'emploi, C-710/2019, ECLI:EU:C:2020:1037, točka 28. |
| (59) | (59) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 June 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , EU:C:2021:506. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. junija 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:506. |
| (60) | (60) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 June 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , EU:C:2021:506, para. 81. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. junija 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:506, točka 81. |
| (61) | (61) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 June 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , EU:C:2021:506, para. 81. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. junija 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:506, točka 81. |
| (62) | (62) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 June 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , EU:C:2021:506, para. 94. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. junija 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:506, točka 94. |
| (63) | (63) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 June 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , EU:C:2021:506, para. 95. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. junija 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:506, točka 95. |
| (64) | (64) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 June 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , EU:C:2021:506, para. 102-103. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 22. junija 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-719/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:506, točki 102 in 103. |
| (65) | (65) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008. |
| (66) | (66) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008, para. 44. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008, točka 44. |
| (67) | (67) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008, para. 46. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008, točka 46. |
| (68) | (68) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008, para. 50. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008, točka 50. |
| (69) | (69) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008, para. 45. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008, točka 45. |
| (70) | (70) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008, para. 45. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008, točka 45. |
| (71) | (71) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008, para. 49 and 57. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008, točki 49 in 57. |
| (72) | (72) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008, para. 59. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008, točka 59. |
| (73) | (73) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2021, V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon ‘Pancharevo’, C-490/20 , EU:C:2021:1008, para. 47-49, 52, 57, 67 and 68. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 14. decembra 2021, V. М. А. proti Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“, C-490/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008, točke 47, 48 in 49, 52, 57, 67 in 68. |
| (74) | (74) |
| Order of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 24 June 2022, Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich, C-2/21 , EU:C:2022:502. | Sklep Sodišča (deseti senat) z dne 24. junija 2022, Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich, C-2/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:502. |
| (75) | (75) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 September 2021, X v Belgian State, C- 930/219 , EU:C:2021:657. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 2. septembra 2021, X proti État belge, C- 930/219 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:657. |
| (76) | (76) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 September 2021, X v Belgian State, C- 930/219 , EU:C:2021:657, para. 61 – 62 - 64. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 2. septembra 2021, X proti État belge, C- 930/219 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:657, točke 61 do 64. |
| (77) | (77) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 September 2021, X v Belgian State, C- 930/219 , EU:C:2021:657, para. 61 – 90. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 2. septembra 2021, X proti État belge, C- 930/219 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:657, točke 61 do 90. |
| (78) | (78) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 30 June 2016, N.A. C‑115/15 , EU:C:2016:487, para. 51. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 30. junija 2016, NA, C-115/15 , ECLI:EU:C:2016:487, točka 51. |
| (79) | (79) |
| See Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 September 2021, X v Belgian State, C- 930/219 , EU:C:2021:657, para. 43 and 45, clarifying that initiating divorce proceedings almost 3 years after the EU spouse has left the host Member State does not appear to represent a reasonable period. | Glej sodbo Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 2. septembra 2021, X proti État belge, C- 930/219 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:657, točki 43 in 45, v katerih je pojasnjeno, da sprožitev sodnega postopka za razvezo zakonske zveze skoraj tri leta po odhodu zakonca, državljana EU, iz države članice gostiteljice, očitno ne ustreza razumnemu roku. |
| (80) | (80) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , EU:C:2021:595. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:595. |
| (81) | (81) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , EU:C:2021:595, para. 50. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:595, točka 50. |
| (82) | (82) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , EU:C:2021:595, para. 58. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:595, točka 58. |
| (83) | (83) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , EU:C:2021:595, paragraph 59 and C-247/20, VI, ECLI:EU:C:2022:177, para. 59. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:595, točka 59, in C-247/20, VI, ECLI:EU:C:2022:177, točka 59. |
| (84) | (84) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , EU:C:2021:595, paragraph 59. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, A (Soins de santé publics, C-535/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:595, točka 59. |
| (85) | (85) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 10 March 2022, VI v Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, C-247/20 , EU:C:2022:177. | Sodba Sodišča (peti senat) z dne 10. marca 2022, VI proti Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, C-247/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:177. |
| (86) | (86) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 10 March 2022, VI v Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, C-247/20, EU:C:2022:177, para. 60. | Sodba Sodišča (peti senat) z dne 10. marca 2022, VI proti Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, C-247/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:177, točka 60. |
| (87) | (87) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 10 March 2022, VI v Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, C-247/20, EU:C:2022:177, para. 67. | Sodba Sodišča (peti senat) z dne 10. marca 2022, VI proti Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, C-247/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:177, točka 67. |
| (88) | (88) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 10 March 2022, VI v Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, C-247/20 , EU:C:2022:177, paragraph 69. | Sodba Sodišča (peti senat) z dne 10. marca 2022, VI proti Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, C-247/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:177, točka 69. |
| (89) | (89) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 15 September 2022, SRS and AA v Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , EU:C:2022:683. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 15 septembra 2022, SRS in AA proti Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:683. |
| (90) | (90) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 15 September 2022, SRS and AA v Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , EU:C:2022:683, paragraph 30. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 15 septembra 2022, SRS in AA proti Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:683, točka 30. |
| (91) | (91) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 15 September 2022, SRS and AA v Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , EU:C:2022:683, paragraph 27. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 15 septembra 2022, SRS in AA proti Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:683, točka 27. |
| (92) | (92) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 15 September 2022, SRS and AA v Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , EU:C:2022:683, paragraph 27. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 15 septembra 2022, SRS in AA proti Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:683, točka 27. |
| (93) | (93) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 15 September 2022, SRS and AA v Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , EU:C:2022:683, paragraph 29. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 15 septembra 2022, SRS in AA proti Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:683, točka 29. |
| (94) | (94) |
| Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 15 September 2022, SRS and AA v Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , EU:C:2022:683, paragraph 22. | Sodba Sodišča (tretji senat) z dne 15 septembra 2022, SRS in AA proti Minister for Justice and Equality, C-22/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:683, točka 22. |
| (95) | (95) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 1 August 2022, S. v Familienkasse Niedersachsen-Bremen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, C-411/20 , EU:C:2022:602. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 1. avgusta 2022, S. proti Familienkasse Niedersachsen-Bremen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, C-411/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:602. |
| (96) | (96) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 1 August 2022, S. v Familienkasse Niedersachsen-Bremen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, C-411/20 , EU:C:2022:602, paragraphs 34, 35, 47, 48, 53 and 55. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 1. avgusta 2022, S. proti Familienkasse Niedersachsen-Bremen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, C-411/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:602, točke 34, 35, 47, 48, 53 in 55. |
| (97) | (97) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 6 October 2020, Jobcenter Krefeld - Widerspruchsstelle v JD, Case C-181/19 , EU:C:2020:794. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 6. oktobra 2020, Jobcenter Krefeld – Widerspruchsstelle proti JD, C-181/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:794. |
| (98) | (98) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 6 October 2020, Jobcenter Krefeld - Widerspruchsstelle v JD, Case C-181/19 , EU:C:2020:794, paragraphs 50, 54 and 55. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 6. oktobra 2020, Jobcenter Krefeld – Widerspruchsstelle proti JD, C-181/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:794, točke 50, 54 in 55. |
| (99) | (99) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 6 October 2020, Jobcenter Krefeld - Widerspruchsstelle v JD, Case C-181/19 , EU:C:2020:794, paragraph 67. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 6. oktobra 2020, Jobcenter Krefeld – Widerspruchsstelle proti JD, C-181/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:794, točka 67. |
| (100) | (100) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 6 October 2020, Jobcenter Krefeld - Widerspruchsstelle v JD, Case C-181/19 , EU:C:2020:794, paragraph 75 - 79. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 6. oktobra 2020, Jobcenter Krefeld – Widerspruchsstelle proti JD, C-181/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:794, točke 75 do 79. |
| (101) | (101) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, CG v The Department for Communities in Northern Ireland, C-709/20 , EU:C:2021:602. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, CG proti The Department for Communities in Northern Ireland, C-709/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:602. |
| (102) | (102) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, CG v The Department for Communities in Northern Ireland, C-709/20 , EU:C:2021:602, paragraphs 66-67. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, CG proti The Department for Communities in Northern Ireland, C-709/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:602, točki 66 in 67. |
| (103) | (103) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, CG v The Department for Communities in Northern Ireland, C-709/20 , EU:C:2021:602, paragraph 81. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, CG proti The Department for Communities in Northern Ireland, C-709/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:602, točka 81. |
| (104) | (104) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 July 2021, CG v The Department for Communities in Northern Ireland, C-709/20 , EU:C:2021:602, paragraph 93. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 15. julija 2021, CG proti The Department for Communities in Northern Ireland, C-709/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:602, točka 93. |
| (105) | (105) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 27 April 2023, M.D. v Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , EU:C:2023:341. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 27. aprila 2023, M. D. proti Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:341. |
| (106) | (106) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 27 April 2023, M.D. v Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , EU:C:2023:341, para. 58. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 27. aprila 2023, M. D. proti Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:341, točka 58. |
| (107) | (107) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 27 April 2023, M.D. v Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , EU:C:2023:341, para. 57. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 27. aprila 2023, M. D. proti Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:341, točka 57. |
| (108) | (108) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 27 April 2023, M.D. v Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , EU:C:2023:341, para. 59. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 27. aprila 2023, M. D. proti Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:341, točka 59. |
| (109) | (109) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 27 April 2023, M.D. v Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , EU:C:2023:341, para. 70. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 27. aprila 2023, M. D. proti Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Budapesti és Pest Megyei Regionális Igazgatósága, C‑528/21 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:341, točka 70. |
| (110) | (110) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 7 September 2022, E.K. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-624/20 , EU:C:2022:639. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 7. septembra 2022, E. K. proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-624/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:639. |
| (111) | (111) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 7 September 2022, E.K. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-624/20 , EU:C:2022:639, para. 42. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 7. septembra 2022, E. K. proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-624/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:639, točka 42. |
| (112) | (112) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 7 September 2022, E.K. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-624/20 , EU:C:2022:639, para. 41. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 7. septembra 2022, E. K. proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-624/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:639, točka 41. |
| (113) | (113) |
| Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 7 September 2022, E.K. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-624/20 , EU:C:2022:639, para. 49. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 7. septembra 2022, E. K. proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C-624/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:639, točka 49. |
| (114) | (114) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 22 June 2023, X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C‑459/20 , EU:C:2023:499. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 22. junija 2023, X proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C‑459/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:499. |
| (115) | (115) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 22 June 2023, X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C‑459/20 , EU:C:2023:499, para. 38. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 22. junija 2023, X proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C‑459/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:499, točka 38. |
| (116) | (116) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 22 June 2023, X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C‑459/20 , EU:C:2023:499, para. 45. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 22. junija 2023, X proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C‑459/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:499, točka 45. |
| (117) | (117) |
| Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 22 June 2023, X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C‑459/20 , EU:C:2023:499, para. 61. | Sodba Sodišča (prvi senat) z dne 22. junija 2023, X proti Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, C‑459/20 , ECLI:EU:C:2023:499, točka 61. |
| (118) | (118) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 5 May 2022, Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo v XU and QP, joined C‑451/19 and C‑532/19 , EU:C:2022:354. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 5. maja 2022, Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo proti XU in QP, združeni zadevi C‑451/19 in C‑532/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:354. |
| (119) | (119) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 5 May 2022, Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo v XU and QP, joined C‑451/19 and C‑532/19 , EU:C:2022:354, para. 45 - 47. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 5. maja 2022, Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo proti XU in QP, združeni zadevi C‑451/19 in C‑532/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:354, točke 45, 46 in 47. |
| (120) | (120) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 5 May 2022, Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo v XU and QP, joined C‑451/19 and C‑532/19 , EU:C:2022:354, para. 69. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 5. maja 2022, Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo proti XU in QP, združeni zadevi C‑451/19 in C‑532/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:354, točka 69. |
| (121) | (121) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 5 May 2022, Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo v XU and QP, joined C‑451/19 and C‑532/19 , EU:C:2022:354, para. 83-86. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 5. maja 2022, Subdelegación del Gobierno en Toledo proti XU in QP, združeni zadevi C‑451/19 in C‑532/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:354, točke 83 do 86. |
| (122) | (122) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 12 May 2021, WS v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C-505/19 , EU: C:2021:376. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 12. maja 2021, WS proti Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C-505/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:376. |
| (123) | (123) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 12 May 2021, WS v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C-505/19 , EU:C:2021:376, para. 84-86. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 12. maja 2021, WS proti Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C-505/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2021:376, točke 84, 85 in 86. |
| (124) | (124) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 19 November 2020, Staatsanwaltschaft Heilbronn vs ZW, C-454/19 , EU:C:2020:947. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 19. novembra 2020, Staatsanwaltschaft Heilbronn proti ZW, C-454/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:947. |
| (125) | (125) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 19 November 2020, Staatsanwaltschaft Heilbronn vs ZW, C-454/19 , EU:C:2020:947, para. 31-32. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 19. novembra 2020, Staatsanwaltschaft Heilbronn proti ZW, C-454/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:947, točki 31 in 32. |
| (126) | (126) |
| Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 19 November 2020, Staatsanwaltschaft Heilbronn vs ZW, C-454/19 , EU:C:2020:947, para. 40 and 50. | Sodba Sodišča (četrti senat) z dne 19. novembra 2020, Staatsanwaltschaft Heilbronn proti ZW, C-454/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2020:947, točki 40 in 50. |
| (127) | (127) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , EU:C:2022:491. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 21. junija 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:491. |
| (128) | (128) |
| Directive (EU) 2016/681 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime, OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 132-149. | Direktiva (EU) 2016/681 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 27. aprila 2016 o uporabi podatkov iz evidence podatkov o potnikih (PNR) za preprečevanje, odkrivanje, preiskovanje in pregon terorističnih in hudih kaznivih dejanj (UL L 119, 4.5.2016, str. 132). |
| (129) | (129) |
| Council Directive 2004/82/EC of 29 April 2004 on the obligation of carriers to communicate passenger data, OJ 2004 L 261, p. 24. | Direktiva Sveta 2004/82/ES z dne 29. aprila 2004 o dolžnosti prevoznikov, da posredujejo podatke o potnikih (UL L 261, 6.8.2004, str. 24). |
| (130) | (130) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , EU:C:2022:491, para. 227-228. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 21. junija 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:491, točki 227 in 228. |
| (131) | (131) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , EU:C:2022:491, para. 270-291. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 21. junija 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:491, točke 270 do 291. |
| (132) | (132) |
| Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , EU:C:2022:491, para. 270-291. | Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 21. junija 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , ECLI:EU:C:2022:491, točke 270 do 291. |
| (133) | (133) |
| Judgment of the General Court (Tenth Chamber) of 10 November 2021, Romania v European Commission, ( T-495/19 , under appeal, EU:T:2021:781). | Sodba Splošnega sodišča (deseti senat) z dne 10. novembra 2021, Romunija proti Evropski komisiji, ( T-495/19 , v pritožbenem postopku, ECLI:EU:T:2021:781). |
| (134) | (134) |
| Commission Decision C(2013) 4975 final of 25 July 2013 refusing to register the proposed citizens’ initiative entitled ‘Cohesion policy for the equality of the regions and sustainability of the regional cultures’. | Sklep Komisije C(2013) 4975 final z dne 25. julija 2013 o zavrnitvi prijave predlagane državljanske pobude „Kohezijska politika za enakost regij in trajnost regionalnih kultur“. |
| (135) | (135) |
| Judgment of 10 May 2016, Izsák and Dabis v Commission (T-529/13, EU:T:2016:282). | Sodba z dne 10. maja 2016, Izsák in Dabis proti Komisiji (T-529/13, ECLI:EU:T:2016:282). |
| (136) | (136) |
| Judgment of 7 March 2019, Izsák and Dabis v Commission (C-420/16 P, EU:C:2019:177). | Sodba z dne 7. marca 2019, Izsák in Dabis proti Komisiji (C-420/16 P, ECLI:EU:C:2019:177). |
| (137) | (137) |
| Commission Decision (EU) 2019/721 of 30 April 2019 on the proposed citizens’ initiative entitled ‘Cohesion policy for the equality of the regions and sustainability of the regional cultures’ (OJ 2019 L 122, p. 55; ‘the contested decision’). | Sklep Komisije (EU) 2019/721 z dne 30. aprila 2019 o predlagani državljanski pobudi „Kohezijska politika za enakost regij in trajnost regionalnih kultur“ (UL L 122, 10.5.2019, str. 55; izpodbijani sklep). |
| (138) | (138) |
| Judgment of the General Court (Eighth Chamber) of 9 November 2022, Citizens' Committee of the European Citizens' Initiative 'Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe' v European Commission, T-158/21 , under appeal, EU:T:2022:696. | Sodba Splošnega sodišča (osmi senat) z dne 9. novembra 2022, Citizens’ Committee of the European Citizens’ Initiative „Minority SafePack – one million signatures for diversity in Europe“ proti Evropski komisiji, T-158/21 , v pritožbenem postopku, ECLI:EU:T:2022:696. |
