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| EUROPEAN COMMISSION | EVROPSKA KOMISIJA |
| Brussels, 8.6.2016 | Bruselj, 8.6.2016 |
| JOIN(2016) 29 final | JOIN(2016) 29 final |
| JOINT COMMUNICATION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL | SKUPNO SPOROČILO EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU IN SVETU |
| Towards an EU strategy for international cultural relations | Oblikovanje strategije EU za mednarodne kulturne povezave |
| 1. CONTEXT | 1. OZADJE |
| Cultural diversity is an integral part of the values of the European Union. The EU is strongly committed to promoting a global order based on peace, the rule of law, freedom of expression, mutual understanding and respect for fundamental rights. Accordingly, promoting diversity through international cultural relations is an important part of the EU's role as a global actor. This involves a commitment to both promoting 'international cultural relations', through the support and assistance the EU provides to third countries, and supporting the promotion of the Union and the diverse cultures of EU Member States through 'cultural diplomacy.' As a key partner of the United Nations (UN), the EU cooperates closely with UNESCO 1 to safeguard the world's cultural heritage. | Kulturna raznolikost je sestavni del vrednot Evropske unije. EU je močno zavezana spodbujanju svetovnega reda, ki temelji na miru, pravni državi, svobodi izražanja, medsebojnem razumevanju in spoštovanju temeljnih pravic. V skladu s tem je spodbujanje raznolikosti prek mednarodnih kulturnih povezav pomemben del vloge EU kot globalnega akterja. To vključuje zavezo spodbujanju „mednarodnih kulturnih povezav“ prek podpore in pomoči, ki jo EU zagotavlja tretjim državam, ter tudi podpiranju uveljavljanja Unije in različnih kultur držav članic EU prek „kulturne diplomacije“. EU kot ključni partner Združenih narodov tesno sodeluje z Unescom 1 za varovanje svetovne kulturne dediščine. |
| The EU has a lot to offer to the world: diversity of cultural expressions, high quality artistic creation and a vibrant creative industry. It also stands to benefit greatly from increased exchanges with the rest of the world. At the same time, the EU's experience of diversity and pluralism is a considerable asset to promote cultural policies as drivers for peace and socio-economic development in third countries. This Joint Communication outlines the contribution the Union already makes to international cultural relations and proposes ways to develop the EU's international cultural relations in order to advance the Union's objectives to promote international peace and stability, safeguard diversity, and stimulate jobs and growth. | EU lahko svetu ponudi veliko: raznolikost kulturnih izrazov, visokokakovostno umetniško ustvarjanje in živahen ustvarjalni sektor. Ima tudi velike koristi od okrepljenih izmenjav s preostalim svetom. Hkrati izkušnje EU z raznolikostjo in pluralizmom pomenijo precejšnjo prednost pri spodbujanju kulturnih politik kot gonilnih sil za mir in socialno-ekonomski razvoj v tretjih državah. To skupno sporočilo obravnava prispevek, ki ga Unija že zagotavlja k mednarodnim kulturnim povezavam, in predlaga načine za razvoj mednarodnih kulturnih povezav EU, da bi se dosegel napredek pri ciljih Unije za spodbujanje mednarodnega miru in stabilnosti, zaščito raznolikosti ter pospeševanje ustvarjanja delovnih mest in rasti. |
| In 2007, the Commission proposed a 'European Agenda for Culture in a globalising world' 2 , which included the promotion of culture in the Union's international relations. Since then, the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the establishment of the European External Action Service (EEAS) create a new architecture, which can further enhance the EU's contribution to international cultural relations. In recent years, Member States, the European Parliament and civil society representatives have requested a more coordinated EU approach to international cultural relations. 3 In November 2015, the Council called on the Commission and the High Representative to prepare a 'strategic approach to culture in the EU's external relations, outlining for this purpose a set of guiding principles.' 4 Accordingly, this Joint Communication proposes such principles, as well as a more strategic EU approach towards cultural diplomacy. | Leta 2007 je Komisija predlagala „evropsko agendo za kulturo v svetu globalizacije“ 2 , ki je vključevala spodbujanje kulture v mednarodnih odnosih Unije. Od takrat začetek veljavnosti Lizbonske pogodbe in vzpostavitev Evropske službe za zunanje delovanje (ESZD) ustvarjata novo strukturo, ki lahko nadalje okrepi prispevek EU k mednarodnim kulturnim povezavam. V zadnjih letih države članice, Evropski parlament in predstavniki civilne družbe zahtevajo bolj usklajen pristop EU k mednarodnim kulturnim povezavam 3 . Svet je novembra 2015 pozval Komisijo in visokega predstavnika, naj pripravita „strateški pristop h kulturi v zunanjih odnosih EU ter za ta namen oblikujeta sklop vodilnih načel“ 4 . V skladu s tem to skupno sporočilo predlaga taka načela in tudi bolj strateški pristop EU h kulturni diplomaciji. |
| As a party to the 2005 UNESCO Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions 5 , the EU is committed to promoting the diversity of cultural expression as part of its international cultural relations. This reflects and promotes the EU's fundamental values, such as human rights, gender equality, democracy, freedom of expression and the rule of law, as well as cultural and linguistic diversity. 6 Culture, and in particular inter-cultural dialogue, can contribute to addressing major global challenges – such as conflict prevention and resolution, integrating refugees, countering violent extremism, and protecting cultural heritage. With the 2014 Communication on Cultural Heritage 7 , the EU reaffirmed its commitment to protect cultural heritage, in cooperation with organisations such as the Council of Europe and UNESCO. This work remains urgent in view of the destruction of cultural heritage in conflict zones such as Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan. | EU je kot podpisnica Konvencije Unesca iz leta 2005 o varovanju in spodbujanju raznolikosti kulturnih izrazov 5 zavezana spodbujanju raznolikosti kulturnega izražanja v okviru svojih mednarodnih kulturnih povezav. To odraža in spodbuja temeljne vrednote EU, kot so človekove pravice, enakost spolov, demokracija, svoboda izražanja in pravna država ter tudi kulturna in jezikovna raznolikost 6 . Kultura, zlasti medkulturni dialog, lahko prispeva k obravnavanju najpomembnejših globalnih izzivov, kot so preprečevanje in reševanje konfliktov, integracija beguncev, boj proti nasilnemu ekstremizmu in varstvo kulturne dediščine. EU je s sporočilom o kulturni dediščini iz leta 2014 7 ponovno potrdila svojo zavezo varovanju kulturne dediščine v sodelovanju z organizacijami, kot sta Svet Evrope in Unesco. To delo je glede na uničevanje kulturne dediščine na konfliktnih območjih, kot so Irak, Sirija in Afganistan, še naprej nujno. |
| Cultural exchanges can also bring economic benefits. Global trade in creative products has more than doubled between 2004 and 2013 8 , whilst culture is a central element in the new economy driven by creativity, innovation and access to knowledge. Cultural and creative industries represent around 3 % of the global GDP and 30 million jobs. 9 In the EU alone, these industries account for over 7 million jobs. 10 Likewise, in developing countries, the cultural and creative sectors contribute to promoting sustainable development and inclusive growth. Culture can therefore help promote job creation and competitiveness both inside the EU and beyond its borders. This is recognised in the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 11 , which underlines that culture, including world cultural heritage and creative industries, can have an important role in achieving inclusive and sustainable development. Culture is therefore one of the important sectors promoted as part of the EU's development cooperation. | Kulturne izmenjave lahko prinesejo tudi gospodarske koristi. Globalno trgovanje z ustvarjalnimi izdelki se je med letoma 2004 in 2013 več kot podvojilo 8 , medtem ko je kultura osrednji element novega gospodarstva, ki temelji na ustvarjalnosti, inovacijah in dostopu do znanja. Kulturni in ustvarjalni sektor predstavljata približno 3 % globalnega BDP in 30 milijonov delovnih mest 9 . Samo v EU oba sektorja omogočata zaposlitev več kot 7 milijonom ljudem 10 . Tudi v državah v razvoju prispevata k spodbujanju trajnostnega razvoja in vključujoče rasti. Kultura lahko torej pomaga spodbujati ustvarjanje delovnih mest in konkurenčnost tako znotraj EU kot tudi zunaj njenih meja. To je priznano v agendi ZN za trajnostni razvoj do leta 2030 11 , ki poudarja, da ima lahko kultura, vključno s svetovno kulturno dediščino in ustvarjalnim sektorjem, pomembno vlogo pri doseganju vključujočega in trajnostnega razvoja. Kultura je zato eden od pomembnih sektorjev, ki se spodbuja v okviru razvojnega sodelovanja EU. |
| Europe′s cultural relations with other countries are already strong. Member States already have extensive and long-standing international cultural ties and Europe is highly regarded around the world for its cultural traditions and creation. In line with requests from the Council and the Parliament 12 , coordinated EU action, based on 'smart complementarity', can contribute to strengthening these ties by creating synergies, pooling resources, facilitating cooperation and providing more visibility to these cultural exchanges and actions. 13 | Evropa ima z drugimi državami že vzpostavljene močne kulturne povezave. Države članice že imajo številne in dolgotrajne mednarodne kulturne vezi, Evropa pa je v svetu zelo cenjena zaradi svoje kulturne tradicije in ustvarjanja. V skladu z zahtevami Sveta in Parlamenta 12 lahko usklajeno ukrepanje EU, ki temelji na „pametnem dopolnjevanju“, prispeva h krepitvi teh vezi z ustvarjanjem sinergij, združevanjem virov, olajševanjem sodelovanja ter zagotavljanjem večje prepoznavnosti teh kulturnih izmenjav in ukrepov 13 . |
| This Joint Communication proposes an EU Strategy for International Cultural Relations that focuses on advancing cultural cooperation with partner countries across three main strands: supporting culture as an engine for sustainable social and economic development; promoting culture and intercultural dialogue for peaceful inter-community relations; reinforcing cooperation on cultural heritage. In pursuing these objectives, the EU's International Cultural Relations will contribute to making the EU a stronger global actor – a major priority for this Commission as well as of the High Representative's forthcoming Global Strategy. | To skupno sporočilo predlaga strategijo EU za mednarodne kulturne povezave, ki se osredotoča na doseganje napredka pri kulturnem sodelovanju s partnerskimi državami na treh glavnih področjih: podpiranje kulture kot gonilne sile trajnostnega socialnega in gospodarskega razvoja, spodbujanje kulture in medkulturnega dialoga za vzpostavitev miroljubnih odnosov med skupnostmi ter krepitev sodelovanja na področju kulturne dediščine. Pri prizadevanju za te cilje bodo mednarodne kulturne povezave EU prispevale k temu, da bo EU postala močnejši globalni akter, kar je prednostna naloga sedanje Komisije, pa tudi globalne strategije, ki jo pripravlja visoki predstavnik. |
| 2. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR EU ACTION | 2. VODILNA NAČELA ZA UKREPANJE EU |
| The following principles should guide EU action in the field of international cultural relations: | Ukrepanje EU na področju mednarodnih kulturnih povezav bi moralo temeljiti na naslednjih načelih: |
| (a) Promote cultural diversity and respect for human rights | (a) Spodbujanje kulturne raznolikosti in spoštovanja človekovih pravic |
| The EU is firmly committed to fostering cultural diversity, which can be protected and promoted only if human rights and fundamental freedoms are guaranteed. These fundamental rights constitute essential foundations for democracy, rule of law, peace, stability, sustainable inclusive development and participation in public affairs. States have an obligation to respect, protect and promote the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, including artistic expression. In this regard, and in line with its obligations under EU and international law 14 , the EU is therefore committed to promoting a tolerant, pluralistic approach to international cultural relations. 15 | EU je trdno zavezana krepitvi kulturne raznolikosti, ki se lahko zaščiti in spodbuja le ob zagotovljenih človekovih pravicah in temeljnih svoboščinah. Te temeljne pravice predstavljajo ključne temelje za demokracijo, pravno državo, mir, stabilnost, trajnostni vključujoči razvoj in udeležbo v javnih zadevah. Države morajo spoštovati, ščititi in spodbujati pravice do svobode mnenja in izražanja, vključno z umetniškim izražanjem. EU je torej v zvezi s tem in v skladu s svojimi obveznostmi v okviru prava Unije in mednarodnega prava 14 zavezana spodbujanju strpnega in pluralističnega pristopa k mednarodnim kulturnim povezavam 15 . |
| (b) Foster Mutual Respect and Inter-Cultural Dialogue | (b) Spodbujanje medsebojnega spoštovanja in medkulturnega dialoga |
| In order to fully realise the potential bridging role of culture in international relations, it is necessary to go beyond projecting the diversity of European cultures, and aim at generating a new spirit of dialogue, mutual listening and learning, joint capacity-building and global solidarity. 16 Cultural relations should take account of regional differences and local sensitivities, tailoring action to particular cultural contexts and interests. Since people frequently engage across borders using digital tools, communication between peoples should be encouraged to take place under conditions of respect and equality and in a spirit of partnership. Reciprocity, mutual learning and co-creation should therefore underpin the EU’s international cultural relations. | Da bi v celoti uresničili potencial povezovalne vloge kulture v mednarodnih odnosih, ni dovolj samo prikazovati raznolikost evropskih kultur, temveč si je treba prizadevati za oblikovanje novega duha dialoga, vzajemnega poslušanja in učenja, skupne gradnje zmogljivosti in globalne solidarnosti 16 . Pri kulturnih povezavah bi bilo treba upoštevati regionalne razlike in lokalne dovzetnosti, ukrepe pa prilagoditi posebnim kulturnim okvirom in interesom. Ljudje z digitalnimi orodji pogosto delujejo tudi čezmejno, zato bi bilo treba sporazumevanje med narodi spodbujati tako, da bi potekalo pod pogoji spoštovanja in enakosti ter v duhu partnerstva. Mednarodne kulturne povezave EU bi morale torej temeljiti na vzajemnosti, medsebojnem učenju in sooblikovanju. |
| (c) Ensure respect for Complementarity and Subsidiarity | (c) Zagotovitev spoštovanja dopolnjevanja in subsidiarnosti |
| The proposed EU Strategy for International Cultural Relations rests within full respect for the respective spheres of competence of the EU and its Member States. According to Article 6 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), in the area of culture the Union shall have competence to carry out actions to support, coordinate or supplement the actions of the Member States. Article 167 (3) TFEU states that the Union and the Member States shall foster cooperation with third countries and the competent international organisations in the sphere of culture. Furthermore, according to Article 167 (4) TFEU, the Union shall take cultural aspects into account in its action under other provisions of the Treaties. In development cooperation, the EU and its Member States complement and reinforce each other (Article 208 TFEU). In full respect for the principle of subsidiarity, the EU acts to promote international cultural relations when it can be more effective than action taken at national, regional or local level. Recent Council Conclusions on Culture in the EU's external relations noted that there is 'a need for a better coordination of efforts towards a strategic European approach.' 17 Accordingly, the EU can act as an enabler and contribute by encouraging synergies between and cooperation among national cultural institutes and foundations, as well as private and public enterprises worldwide, as appropriate. | Predlagana strategija EU za mednarodne kulturne povezave temelji na polnem spoštovanju ustreznih področij pristojnosti EU in njenih držav članic. V skladu s členom 6 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije (PDEU) je Unija na področju kulture pristojna za izvajanje ukrepov za podporo, uskladitev ali dopolnitev ukrepov držav članic. Člen 167(3) PDEU navaja, da Unija in države članice podpirajo sodelovanje s tretjimi državami in pristojnimi mednarodnimi organizacijami na kulturnem področju. Poleg tega Unija v skladu s členom 167(4) PDEU pri svoji dejavnosti na podlagi drugih določb Pogodb upošteva kulturne vidike. Na področju razvojnega sodelovanja se EU in njene države članice med seboj dopolnjujejo in krepijo (člen 208 PDEU). EU ob polnem spoštovanju načela subsidiarnosti s svojim delovanjem spodbuja mednarodne kulturne povezave, kadar je pri tem lahko učinkovitejša od ukrepov na nacionalni, regionalni ali lokalni ravni. Nedavni sklepi Sveta o kulturi v zunanjih odnosih EU navajajo, da „je treba bolje usklajevati prizadevanja za strateški evropski pristop“ 17 . V skladu s tem bi morala EU omogočati in spodbujati sinergije in sodelovanje med nacionalnimi kulturnimi inštituti in fundacijami ter, če je to primerno, zasebnimi in javnimi podjetji po vsem svetu. |
| (d) Encourage a cross-cutting approach to culture | (d) Spodbujanje medsektorskega pristopa h kulturi |
| Culture is not just about the arts or literature. It spans a wide range of policies and activities, from inter-cultural dialogue to tourism, from education and research to the creative industries, from protecting heritage to promoting creative industries and new technologies, and from artisanship to development cooperation. The proposed strategy therefore encourages opportunities to promote culture within the EU's external policies. Culture is also a key element of sustainable development insofar as the creative sector can promote reconciliation, growth and freedom of expression on which other fundamental freedoms can be built. | Kultura ni povezana samo z umetnostjo in literaturo. Vključuje tudi širok spekter politik in dejavnosti, ki segajo od medkulturnega dialoga do turizma, od izobraževanja in raziskovanja do ustvarjalnega sektorja, od varstva kulturne dediščine do spodbujanja ustvarjalnega sektorja in novih tehnologij ter od obrtniških del do razvojnega sodelovanja. Predlagana strategija torej podpira priložnosti za spodbujanje kulture v okviru zunanjih politik EU. Kultura je tudi ključni element trajnostnega razvoja, kajti ustvarjalni sektor lahko spodbuja spravo, rast in svobodo izražanja, na katerih je mogoče utemeljiti druge temeljne svoboščine. |
| (e) Promote culture through existing frameworks for cooperation 18 | (e) Spodbujanje kulture prek obstoječih okvirov za sodelovanje 18 |
| To ensure policy coherence and avoid duplication, the most effective way to promote culture within the EU's external relations is to use existing cooperation frameworks and financing instruments. The EU has developed tailor-made frameworks for thematic and geographic cooperation, along with dedicated financing instruments: | Da bi se zagotovila usklajenost politik in preprečilo podvajanje, se lahko kultura v okviru zunanjih odnosov EU najučinkoviteje spodbudi z obstoječimi okviri sodelovanja in finančnimi instrumenti. EU je poleg namenskih finančnih instrumentov razvila okvire po meri za tematsko in geografsko sodelovanje: |
| Thematic programmes | Tematski programi |
| Partnership Instrument (PI): one of its aims is to enhance 'widespread understanding and visibility of the Union… by means of public diplomacy, people-to-people contacts, cooperation in educational and academic matters, think tank cooperation and outreach activities to promote the Union's values and interests.' 19 | Instrument partnerstva: eden od njegovih ciljev je „krepitev splošnega razumevanja in prepoznavnosti Unije [...] z javno diplomacijo, stiki med ljudmi, sodelovanjem na področju izobraževanja in na akademskem področju, sodelovanjem skupin možganskih trustov ter dejavnostmi ozaveščanja za uveljavljanje vrednot in interesov Unije“ 19 . |
| European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR): this provides assistance to the development and consolidation of democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. One of the aims of this instrument is to promote freedom of opinion and expression, including political, artistic and cultural expression. 20 | Evropski instrument za demokracijo in človekove pravice: zagotavlja pomoč za razvoj ter utrjevanje demokracije in pravne države ter spoštovanje človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin. Eden od ciljev tega instrumenta je spodbujanje svobode izražanja mnenja in izražanja, tudi političnega, umetniškega in kulturnega 20 . |
| The Global Public Goods and Challenges Programme under the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI) aims under its human development component to promote cultural diversity and respect for the equal dignity of all cultures. It will also stimulate the contribution of cultural industries to economic growth in developing countries, civil society organisations and local authorities). | Program „Svetovne javne dobrine in izzivi“ v okviru instrumenta za financiranje razvojnega sodelovanja si v okviru svoje komponente razvoja človeških virov prizadeva za spodbujanje kulturne raznolikosti in spoštovanja enakega dostojanstva vseh kultur. Prav tako bo okrepil prispevek kulturnih sektorjev h gospodarski rasti v državah v razvoju, organizacijam civilne družbe in lokalnim organom. |
| Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP): this aims to promote conflict prevention, crisis response, peacebuilding in order to address global and trans-regional threats: cultural organisations are included within the definition of civil society for funding under this instrument. 21 | Instrument za prispevanje k stabilnosti in miru: njegov cilj je spodbujati preprečevanje konfliktov, odzivanje na krize, vzpostavljanje miru, da se obravnavajo globalne in nadregionalne grožnje: kulturne organizacije so vključene v opredelitev civilne družbe za financiranje v okviru tega instrumenta 21 . |
| Creative Europe Programme: this aims inter alia to 'promote Europe's cultural heritage and strengthen the competitiveness of the European cultural and creative sectors' and the programme is also 'open for bilateral or multilateral cooperation actions with third countries.' 22 | Program Ustvarjalna Evropa: njegov cilj je med drugim „promocij[a] evropske kulturne dediščine in krepit[ev] konkurenčnosti evropskih kulturnih in ustvarjalnih sektorjev“, program pa je tudi „odprt za dvostranske ali večstranske ukrepe sodelovanja s tretjimi državami“ 22 . |
| Geographic frameworks for cooperation | Geografski okviri za sodelovanje |
| Enlargement Policy: as candidate countries and potential candidates, the Western Balkans 23 and Turkey have a special place and importance in EU external policies. EU policies in the field of culture are part of the 'EU acquis' that candidates need to implement under negotiating Chapter 26 on Education and Culture. In this context, the region receives support under the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA). The EU has long supported cultural projects in the Western Balkans to promote inter-cultural dialogue, reconciliation and socio-economic development. In the context of the 'Ljubljana Process I and II', an action jointly conducted by the European Commission and the Council of Europe, significant resources were invested in rehabilitating cultural heritage in south-eastern Europe. 24 Cultural organisations within the Enlargement countries benefit from EU policy cooperation to build their capacities, as well as from the full participation in the Culture and Creative Europe Programmes. 25 The Enlargement Countries are currently facing new challenges, including the integration of newly arrived migrants, where inter-cultural dialogue can promote reconciliation and inclusive and democratic societies, and help counter radicalisation. The EU should continue working closely with Enlargement countries to help protect their cultural heritage, promote the development of their cultural and creative industries, and foster their participation in existing EU cultural programmes. | Politika širitve: države Zahodnega Balkana 23 in Turčija imajo kot države kandidatke in potencialne države kandidatke posebno mesto in pomen v zunanji politiki EU. Politika EU na področju kulture je del pravnega reda Unije, ki ga morajo države kandidatke izvajati v okviru pogajanj o poglavju 26 o izobraževanju in kulturi. V zvezi s tem regija prejme podporo v okviru instrumenta za predpristopno pomoč. EU že dolgo podpira kulturne projekte na Zahodnem Balkanu, s katerimi spodbuja medkulturni dialog, spravo in socialno-ekonomski razvoj. V okviru skupnega ukrepa Evropske komisije in Sveta Evrope, tj. ljubljanskega procesa I in II, so bila za obnovo kulturne dediščine v jugovzhodni Evropi namenjena precejšnja sredstva 24 . Kulturne organizacije v državah, ki se pripravljajo na pristop, na podlagi politike sodelovanja EU ter polnega sodelovanja v kulturnih programih in programu Ustvarjalna Evropa krepijo svoje zmogljivosti 25 . Države, ki se pripravljajo na pristop, se trenutno spoprijemajo z novimi izzivi, in sicer tudi z vključevanjem pravkar prispelih migrantov, pri čemer lahko medkulturni dialog spodbuja spravo in vključujoče demokratične družbe ter pomaga v boju proti radikalizaciji. EU bi morala še naprej tesno sodelovati z državami, ki se pripravljajo na pristop, da bi pomagala varovati njihovo kulturno dediščino, spodbujala razvoj njihovega kulturnega in ustvarjalnega sektorja ter pospeševala njihovo sodelovanje v obstoječih kulturnih programih EU. |
| European Neighbourhood Policy: the ENP governs the EU's relations with 16 of its closest Eastern and Southern Neighbours. A differentiated bilateral approach to each partner country is complemented by regional cooperation initiatives in the Southern Mediterranean 26 and Eastern Partnership. 27 Political, economic and cultural differentiation and greater mutual ownership are key elements of the renewed ENP. 28 .Platform 4 of the Eastern Partnership serves as a forum for enhanced cooperation and policy dialogue in fields such as education, youth (including employability), culture and creativity, research and innovation, audio-visual policies and information society, while specific programmes support capacity building. In the Southern Mediterranean, the EU supports cultural cooperation through regional programmes on heritage and audio-visual, but also through bilateral activities. Many ENP countries face protracted challenges such as political tension, economic upheaval, violent radicalisation and migratory flows. Particularly in this context, cultural cooperation and exchange on cultural policies can contribute to stabilisation. For example, the European Neighbourhood Instrument is providing EUR 17 million between 2014 and 2017 to support media and culture for development in the Southern Mediterranean region. 29 Furthermore, the preservation of culture and cultural heritage is supported in five Cross-border cooperation (CBC) programmes. 30 | Evropska sosedska politika: ESP ureja odnose EU s 16 od njenih najbližjih vzhodnih in južnih sosednjih držav. Raznolik dvostranski pristop k vsaki partnerski državi dopolnjujejo pobude regionalnega sodelovanja v partnerstvu južnega Sredozemlja 26 in vzhodnem partnerstvu 27 . Politično, gospodarsko in kulturno razlikovanje ter intenzivnejše skupno prevzemanje odgovornosti sta ključna elementa prenovljene ESP 28 . Platforma 4 vzhodnega partnerstva deluje kot forum za okrepljeno sodelovanje in dialog politike na področjih, kot so izobraževanje, mladina (vključno z zaposljivostjo), kultura in ustvarjalnost, raziskave in inovacije ter avdiovizualne politike in informacijska družba, medtem ko posebni programi podpirajo krepitev zmogljivosti. V južnem Sredozemlju EU podpira kulturno sodelovanje z regionalnimi programi na področju kulturne dediščine in avdiovizualne politike ter z dvostranskimi dejavnostmi. Številne države ESP se spoprijemajo z dolgotrajnimi izzivi, kot so politična napetost, gospodarski pretresi, nasilna radikalizacija in migracijski tokovi. Kulturno sodelovanje in izmenjava podatkov o kulturnih politikah lahko zlasti v tem okviru prispevata k stabilizaciji. Evropski instrument sosedstva na primer med letoma 2014 in 2017 zagotavlja 17 milijonov EUR za podporo razvoju medijev in kulture v regiji južnega Sredozemlja 29 . Poleg tega ohranjanje kulture in kulturne dediščine podpira pet programov čezmejnega sodelovanja 30 . |
| Development Cooperation: The Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI) aims to reduce poverty and foster sustainable economic, social and environmental development as well as promoting democracy, the rule of law, good governance and respect for human rights. 31 It includes three specific components: i) geographic programmes supporting cooperation with around 47 developing countries in Latin America , South Asia and North and South East Asia, Central Asia , Middle East and South Africa; ii) the newly established Pan-African Programme to support the strategic partnership between the EU and Africa. Several sections of the DCI Regulation acknowledge the role of culture. | Razvojno sodelovanje: cilj instrumenta za financiranje razvojnega sodelovanja je zmanjšanje revščine in spodbujanje trajnostnega gospodarskega, socialnega in okoljskega razvoja ter spodbujanje demokracije, pravne države, dobrega upravljanja in spoštovanja človekovih pravic 31 . Vključuje tri posebne komponente: i) geografske programe, ki podpirajo sodelovanje s približno 47 državami v razvoju v Latinski Ameriki , južni Aziji ter severni in jugovzhodni Aziji, Srednji Aziji , Bližnjem vzhodu in Južni Afriki; ii) novo vzpostavljeni vseafriški program za podporo strateškemu partnerstvu med EU in Afriko. Več oddelkov uredbe o instrumentu za financiranje razvojnega sodelovanja priznava vlogo kulture. |
| The Cotonou Partnership Agreement signed in June 2000 32 provided a twenty-year framework for the EU's cooperation with African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. Under this agreement, the European Development Fund (EDF) finances cultural programmes that are managed and implemented by the Secretariat of the ACP Group of States. The 9th EDF funded projects to strengthen the technical, financial and managerial capacities of creative industries in ACP countries and more specifically to develop and structure the ACP States cinema and audiovisual industries (EUR 14 million). Thereafter, the ACP Cultures+ (EUR 30 million under the 10th EDF) contributed to the fight against poverty by fostering sustainable cultural industries. The current Intra ACP Programme continues supporting the cultural and creative industries (EUR 40 million under the 11th EDF in the period 2014-2020). The Commission is currently exploring the framework that will govern relations with ACP countries after the expiration of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement. Preparations for a revised European Consensus for Development are underway. | Sporazum o partnerstvu iz Cotonouja, podpisan junija 2000 32 , je zagotovil dvajsetletni okvir za sodelovanje EU z afriškimi, karibskimi in pacifiškimi državami (države AKP). V skladu s tem sporazumom evropski razvojni sklad (ERS) financira kulturne programe, ki jih upravlja in izvaja Sekretariat skupine držav AKP. 9. ERS je financiral projekte za krepitev tehničnih, finančnih in upraviteljskih zmogljivosti ustvarjalnega sektorja v državah AKP ter natančneje za razvoj in strukturiranje kinematografske in avdiovizualne industrije v državah AKP (14 milijonov EUR). Nato je program ACP Cultures+ (30 milijonov EUR v okviru 10. ERS) prispeval k boju proti revščini s krepitvijo trajnostnih kulturnih sektorjev. Sedanji program med državami AKP še naprej podpira kulturni in ustvarjalni sektor (40 milijonov EUR v okviru 11. ERS v obdobju 2014–2020). Komisija trenutno proučuje okvir, ki bo urejal odnose z državami AKP po preteku veljavnosti sporazuma o partnerstvu iz Cotonouja. Potekajo priprave na revidirano evropsko soglasje o razvoju. |
| 3. ADVANCING CULTURAL COOPERATION WITH PARTNER COUNTRIES | 3. DOSEGANJE NAPREDKA PRI KULTURNEM SODELOVANJU S PARTNERSKIMI DRŽAVAMI |
| As part of the proposed EU Strategy for International Cultural Relations, the Commission and the High Representative propose the following three work streams to advance international cultural relations with partner countries: | Komisija in visoki predstavnik v okviru predlagane strategije EU za mednarodne kulturne povezave predlagata naslednja tri področja ukrepanja za doseganje napredka pri mednarodnih kulturnih povezavah s partnerskimi državami: |
| supporting culture as an engine for sustainable social and economic development | podpiranje kulture kot gonilne sile trajnostnega socialnega in gospodarskega razvoja; |
| promoting culture and intercultural dialogue for peaceful inter-community relations | spodbujanje kulture in medkulturnega dialoga za vzpostavitev miroljubnih odnosov med skupnostmi; |
| reinforcing cooperation on cultural heritage | krepitev sodelovanja na področju kulturne dediščine. |
| 3.1. Supporting culture as an engine for social and economic development | 3.1 Podpiranje kulture kot gonilne sile socialnega in gospodarskega razvoja |
| (a) Supporting the development of cultural policies | (a) Podpiranje razvoja kulturnih politik |
| The 2005 UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 33 emphasises 'the need to incorporate culture as a strategic element in national and international development policies, as well as in international development cooperation.' The respect for cultural diversity and freedom of expression that is fostered by culture provides important support for democratisation processes and socio-economic development. Accordingly, the EU should help partner countries incorporate culture in national policies. The EU works to advance the ratification and implementation of the 2005 UNESCO Convention by deepening policy dialogues with partner countries and strengthening systems of governance. | V Unescovi Konvenciji o varovanju in spodbujanju raznolikosti kulturnih izrazov 33 iz leta 2005 je poudarjena „potreb[a], da se kultura kot strateški element vključi tako v nacionalne in mednarodne razvojne politike kakor tudi v mednarodno razvojno sodelovanje“. Spoštovanje kulturne raznolikosti in svobode izražanja, ki ga krepi kultura, zagotavlja pomembno podporo za demokratizacijo in socialno-ekonomski razvoj. V skladu s tem bi morala EU partnerskim državam pomagati vključiti kulturo v nacionalne politike. EU si prizadeva za doseganje napredka pri ratifikaciji in izvajanju Unescove Konvencije iz leta 2005 s poglabljanjem dialoga o politikah s partnerskimi državami in krepitvijo sistemov upravljanja. |
| Share experience with enlargement and neighbourhood countries: the EU will use existing bilateral or multilateral structures for dialogue to share experiences and results, including initiatives such as the European Capitals of Culture. The Commission will promote the use of instruments such as TAIEX 34 and twinning in the area of culture. | Izmenjava izkušenj z državami, ki se pripravljajo na pristop, in državami evropskega sosedstva: EU bo izkoristila obstoječe dvo- ali večstranske strukture za dialog za izmenjavo izkušenj in rezultatov, vključno s pobudami, kot so evropske prestolnice kulture. Komisija bo spodbujala uporabo instrumentov, kot je TAIEX 34 , in tesno medinstitucionalno sodelovanje na področju kulture. |
| Strengthen cultural policies: in the Southern Neighbourhood, Med Culture (2014-2018) supports partner countries in the development of cultural policies and practices, while MedFilm, a new three-year capacity-building programme, helps filmmakers to tackle sensitive issues on a regional level. 35 | Krepitev kulturnih politik: v okviru južnega sosedstva program Med Culture (2014–2018) podpira partnerske države pri razvoju kulturnih politik in praks, nov triletni program za krepitev zmogljivosti MedFilm pa filmskim režiserjem omogoča obravnavanje občutljivih vprašanj na regionalni ravni 35 . |
| (b) Strengthening cultural and creative industries | (b) Krepitev kulturnega in ustvarjalnega sektorja |
| As a dynamic economic sector, cultural and creative industries are an important provider of quality jobs and often promote smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Investments in cultural projects contribute to the competiveness, attractiveness and social cohesion of cities and regions. 36 Over 70 EU regions have chosen culture and creative industries as a priority for their smart specialisation strategies, recognising these industries as drivers of regional growth and local jobs. | Kulturni in ustvarjalni sektor kot dinamična gospodarska sektorja zagotavljata kakovostna delovna mesta ter pogosto spodbujata pametno, trajnostno in vključujočo rast. Naložbe v kulturne projekte prispevajo h konkurenčnosti, privlačnosti in socialni koheziji mest in regij 36 . Več kot 70 regij EU je izbralo kulturni in ustvarjalni sektor kot prednostna sektorja za njihove strategije pametne specializacije, saj se zavedajo, da sta gonilni sili regionalne rasti in delovnih mest na lokalni ravni. |
| In developing countries, UNESCO's Culture for Development Indicators (CDIS) show that culture contributes 1.5 % - 5.7 % of GDP in low and middle-income countries – reflecting differences in the policy and institutional framework, the level of social participation and education and the degree of freedom of expression. For example, in Burkina Faso over 170,000 people (approximately 2 % of the active population), have occupations related to culture. Every country has its strengths: from Nigeria's cinema industry, to music in the Caribbean and to cultural tourism in the Middle East. To support further progress, the EU can share expertise on further developing relevant skills and a sound regulatory framework. | Unescovi kazalniki kulture za razvoj (CDIS) kažejo, da kultura v državah v razvoju prispeva 1,5–5,7 % BDP držav z nizkimi ali srednjimi prihodki, kar odraža razlike v političnih in institucionalnih okvirih, stopnji družbenega udejstvovanja in izobraževanja ter ravni svobode izražanja. V Burkina Fasu je na primer na delovnih mestih, povezanih s kulturo, zaposlenih več kot 170 000 ljudi (približno 2 % aktivnega prebivalstva). Vsaka država ima svoje močne plati: od kinematografske industrije v Nigeriji do glasbe v karibskih državah ter kulturnega turizma na Bližnjem vzhodu. Da bi EU podprla nadaljnji napredek, lahko deli strokovno znanje o nadaljnjem razvijanju ustreznih spretnosti in dobrem regulativnem okviru. |
| Increase economic revenues from creative industries: The 11th EDF Intra-ACP programme will support the contribution of cultural industries to the socio-economic development of ACP countries (EUR 40 million 2014-2020) | Povečanje gospodarskih prihodkov iz ustvarjalnega sektorja: program med državami AKP v okviru 11. ERS bo podpiral prispevek kulturnih sektorjev k socialno-ekonomskemu razvoju držav AKP (40 milijonov EUR v obdobju 2014–2020). |
| Creative hubs and clusters: in the global cultural industries, co-creation is the way forward. European and other international cultural players should find new ways to grow and win global audiences. Creative hubs and clusters are being set up in different regions including: | Ustvarjalna vozlišča in grozdi: na področju globalnih kulturnih sektorjev je prihodnost v sooblikovanju. Evropski in drugi mednarodni kulturni akterji bi morali poiskati nove načine za razširitev in osvojitev svetovnega občinstva. Različna ustvarjalna vozlišča in grozdi se vzpostavljajo v več regijah, kot so: |
| The Asia-Europe Foundation 37 is co-funded by the EU and supports Asia-Europe Cultural and Creative Hubs under the 'Creative Networks' Programme. | Azijsko-evropska fundacija 37 , ki jo sofinancira EU, podpira azijsko-evropska kulturna in ustvarjalna vozlišča s programom ustvarjalnih mrež Creative Networks. |
| In the Southern Mediterranean: the EU is supporting a project to develop clusters in the cultural and creative industries (2013-17) with UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organisation). | V južnem Sredozemlju EU podpira projekt za razvoj grozdov v kulturnem in ustvarjalnem sektorju (2013–2017) z Organizacijo Združenih narodov za industrijski razvoj (UNIDO). |
| In 2016, the EU launched an action under the Creative Europe programme to develop a European Network of Creative Hubs 38 , which includes all countries participating in the 'Creative Europe' programme (including Serbia, Moldova, Turkey, Georgia and Ukraine). | EU je leta 2016 na podlagi programa Ustvarjalna Evropa začela izvajati ukrep za razvoj Evropske mreže ustvarjalnih vozlišč 38 , ki vključuje vse države, sodelujoče v programu „Ustvarjalna Evropa“ (vključno s Srbijo, Moldavijo, Turčijo, Gruzijo in Ukrajino). |
| From 2016, an EU pilot project is supporting networking between young creative and cultural entrepreneurs from the EU and third countries. The platform includes services such as coaching, peer-learning activities, conferences on specific topics, study visits and meetings with potential investors around the world. 39 | Poskusni projekt EU od leta 2016 podpira mreženje med mladimi podjetniki iz ustvarjalnega in kulturnega sektorja iz EU in tretjih držav. Platforma vključuje storitve, kot so poučevanje, dejavnosti medsebojnega učenja, konference o različnih temah, študijski obiski in srečanja s potencialnimi vlagatelji po vsem svetu 39 . |
| Entrepreneurship and skills development: the European Training Foundation 40 will continue working on skills development for cultural and creative industries. The ACP Cultures+ programme aims to build the capacities of culture sector professionals in ACP countries. 41 The EU aims to foster market opportunities for cultural goods and services, encourage innovation and new professions in modern technologies while supporting the training of creative professionals. | Podjetništvo ter razvoj spretnosti in znanj: Evropska fundacija za usposabljanje 40 se bo še naprej posvečala razvoju spretnosti in znanj v kulturnem in ustvarjalnem sektorju. Cilj programa ACP Cultures+ je okrepiti zmogljivosti zaposlenih v kulturnem sektorju v državah AKP 41 . EU namerava podpirati priložnosti za trženje kulturnih dobrin in storitev, spodbujati inovacije in nove poklice, povezane s sodobnimi tehnologijami, ter podpirati usposabljanje zaposlenih v ustvarjalnem sektorju. |
| Support to European Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): for example, as part of the Gateway programmes launched in 2016, the Commission can support creative SMEs in South Korea and South-East Asia through business missions and support services, including coaching, and logistical and financial support. | Podpiranje malih in srednjih evropskih podjetij (MSP): Komisija lahko v okviru programov „Vrata v EU“, ki so se začeli izvajati leta 2016, na primer podpira ustvarjalna MSP v Južni Koreji in jugovzhodni Aziji s poslovnimi delegacijami in storitvami podpore, vključno s poučevanjem ter logistično in finančno podporo. |
| Structured territorial cooperation frameworks: there are several examples of how culture can connect diversified regions, contribute to sustainable tourism, preserve the environment and promote energy efficiency. 42 All strategies address culture as an investment for growth and jobs and as a pillar of economic activity under the European Territorial Cooperation goal. | Mreže strukturiranega teritorialnega sodelovanja: obstaja več primerov, ki kažejo, kako lahko kultura povezuje raznolike regije, prispeva k trajnostnemu turizmu, ohranja okolje in spodbuja energijsko učinkovitost 42 . V vseh strategijah je kultura obravnavana kot naložba za rast in delovna mesta ter kot temelj gospodarske dejavnosti v skladu s ciljem evropskega teritorialnega sodelovanja. |
| (c) Supporting the role of local authorities in partner countries | (c) Podpiranje vloge lokalnih organov v partnerskih državah |
| The European Capitals of Culture and the World Cities Culture Report 2015 43 demonstrate the significant return - in terms of growth and social cohesion - for cities and other local authorities that invest in culture. The Commission's Joint Research Centre is developing a tool for monitoring cultural and creative initiatives at city level, which will support more targeted investments and learning from best practices. A recent external study which maps current and prospective cultural actions for development 44 confirmed that cultural activities boost local development dynamics, not least in rural areas where traditional skills and arts can help alleviate poverty. | Program evropskih prestolnic kulture in poročilo o kulturnem forumu svetovnih mest za leto 2015 43 kažeta precejšen donos glede rasti in socialne kohezije za mesta in druge lokalne organe, ki vlagajo v kulturo. Skupno raziskovalno središče Komisije razvija instrument za spremljanje pobud v kulturnem in ustvarjalnem sektorju na ravni mest, ki bo podpiral bolj usmerjene naložbe in učenje na podlagi najboljše prakse. Nedavna zunanja študija o sedanjih in predvidenih kulturnih ukrepih za razvoj 44 je potrdila, da kulturne dejavnosti krepijo dinamiko lokalnega razvoja, zlasti na podeželskih območjih, kjer tradicionalne spretnosti, znanja in umetnost pomagajo zmanjševati revščino. |
| The EU's approach to sustainable urban development recognises the central role of culture and considers the availability of public space for all citizens as essential. For example, in Latin American countries, the EU has promoted the distribution of audio-visual programmes to tackle social issues arising from inequalities in urbanised regions. Another example in Africa illustrates how art and architecture can make urban development inclusive and sustainable 45 . | Pristop EU k trajnostnemu razvoju mest priznava osrednjo vlogo kulture in upošteva, da je razpoložljivost javnega prostora bistvenega pomena za vse državljane. V državah Latinske Amerike EU na primer spodbuja distribucijo avdiovizualnih programov za obravnavanje socialnih vprašanj, ki izhajajo iz neenakosti v urbaniziranih regijah. Primer sodelovanja v Afriki pa kaže, kako lahko umetnost in arhitektura prispevata k vključujočemu in trajnostnemu razvoju mest 45 . |
| Innovative partnerships: funded under the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), this initiative with local authorities has a special focus on least developed countries including fragile democratic contexts or countries where cultural rights are threatened. Another project under the Multiannual indicative programme for Latin America aims to develop the role of culture and the arts in support of social cohesion in Latin American cities. The project facilitates exchanges and joint actions between the EU and Latin America to better integrate cultural policies and initiatives in urban development strategies, building on successful projects supporting social cohesion. | Inovativna partnerstva: ta pobuda, ki vključuje lokalne organe in se financira v okviru instrumenta za financiranje razvojnega sodelovanja, posebej poudarja najmanj razvite države, vključno z nestabilnimi demokracijami ali državami, kjer so ogrožene kulturne pravice. Cilj drugega projekta na podlagi večletnega okvirnega programa za Latinsko Ameriko pa je razvoj vloge kulture in umetnosti za podpiranje socialne kohezije v latinskoameriških mestih. Projekt spodbuja izmenjave ter skupne ukrepe med EU in Latinsko Ameriko za boljše vključevanje kulturnih politik in pobud v strategije razvoja mest, ki bi temeljilo na uspešnih projektih za podpiranje socialne kohezije. |
| Support cultural city twinning: the Commission promotes the role of cities as hubs of innovation and best practice by twinning towns and cultural sites that share similar social, economic and environmental problems to explore potential opportunities for development. The Commission plans to launch regional programmes with Latin America (particularly with the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, CELAC), promoting social cohesion through culture and the arts in large cities. 46 | Podpiranje kulturnega povezovanja med mesti: Komisija vlogo mest kot vozlišč za inovacije in najboljšo prakso spodbuja s povezovanjem med mesti in kulturnimi znamenitostmi, ki se srečujejo s podobnimi družbenimi, ekonomskimi in okoljskimi problemi, da bi se proučile morebitne priložnosti za razvoj. Komisija načrtuje, da bo začela izvajati regionalne programe z Latinsko Ameriko (zlasti s Skupnostjo latinskoameriških in karibskih držav), v okviru katerih bo spodbujala socialno kohezijo s kulturo in umetnostjo v velikih mestih 46 . |
| Share Capitals of Culture: the Commission will share with partner countries experiences regarding European Capitals of Culture, which enhance cultural heritage and thereby support local and regional development. | Izmenjava izkušenj o evropskih prestolnicah kulture: Komisija si bo s partnerskimi državami izmenjala izkušnje v zvezi s programom evropskih prestolnic kulture, ki krepi kulturno dediščino ter s tem podpira lokalni in regionalni razvoj. |
| Urban strategies in historic towns: funded under the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI), the EU supports municipalities in developing urban strategies for the rehabilitation of historic towns. | Urbane strategije v zgodovinskih mestih: EU podpira občine pri razvoju urbanih strategij za obnovo zgodovinskih mest, ki se financirajo na podlagi Evropskega instrumenta sosedstva. |
| 3.2. Promoting culture and inter-cultural dialogue for peaceful inter-community relations | 3.2 Spodbujanje kulture in medkulturnega dialoga za vzpostavitev miroljubnih odnosov med skupnostmi |
| Inter-cultural dialogue, including inter-religious dialogue, can help promote the building of fair, peaceful and inclusive societies that value cultural diversity and respect for human rights. By establishing common ground and a favourable environment for further exchanges, intercultural dialogue can defuse tensions, prevent crises from escalating, promote national reconciliation, and encourage new narratives to counter radicalisation. This section outlines how the EU can directly promote inter-cultural dialogue through international cultural cooperation projects, co-creation, people-to-people exchanges, social debate and peace building. | Medkulturni dialog, vključno z medverskim dialogom, lahko pripomore k oblikovanju pravičnih, mirnih in vključujočih družb, ki podpirajo kulturno raznolikost in spoštovanje človekovih pravic. Medkulturni dialog lahko z vzpostavitvijo skupnih temeljev in spodbujajočega okolja za nadaljnje izmenjave zmanjša napetosti, prepreči poglobitev kriz ter spodbuja nacionalno spravo in nove načine za boj proti radikalizaciji. To poglavje obravnava, kako lahko EU neposredno spodbuja medkulturni dialog z mednarodnimi projekti kulturnega sodelovanja, sooblikovanjem, medosebnimi izmenjavami, družbeno razpravo in izgradnjo miru. |
| (a) Support cooperation amongst cultural operators | (a) Podpiranje sodelovanja med kulturnimi izvajalci |
| Cooperation, dialogue and mobility amongst cultural operators, artists are key aspects of inter-cultural dialogue. The circulation of works of art and cultural productions between countries spreads new ideas, establishes direct and indirect ties, and fosters innovation. Strengthened cultural cooperation with the EU's partners can help open the 'European cultural space' to new cultural players and audiences. | Glavni vidiki medkulturnega dialoga so sodelovanje, dialog in mobilnost med kulturnimi izvajalci in umetniki. S kroženjem umetniških del in kulturnih produkcij med državami se razširjajo nove zamisli, vzpostavljajo neposredne in posredne vezi ter podpirajo inovacije. Okrepljeno kulturno sodelovanje s partnerji EU lahko pomaga odpreti „evropski kulturni prostor“ novim kulturnim akterjem in občinstvu. |
| Encourage participation in Creative Europe: while all Enlargement countries can already participate, the Commission encourages all ENP countries to join the Creative Europe programme (Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine already participate) 47 . Creative Europe enables cultural and creative operators from ENP countries to work together with counterparts from all over Europe and access funding for cooperation projects and join European cultural networks. | Spodbujanje sodelovanja v programu Ustvarjalna Evropa: programu Ustvarjalna Evropa se lahko že pridružijo vse države, ki se pripravljajo na pristop, Komisija pa spodbuja vse države ESP, naj se pridružijo temu programu (Gruzija, Moldavija in Ukrajina so to že storile) 47 . Program Ustvarjalna Evropa izvajalcem iz kulturnega in ustvarjalnega sektorja držav ESP omogoča sodelovanje s kolegi iz vse Evrope, dostop do financiranja za projekte sodelovanja in pridružitev evropskim kulturnim mrežam. |
| Promote Culture within the Eastern Partnership: following the success of Programme I that ran from 2011-2015, the Eastern Partnership Culture Programme II (involving Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine) will further develop the cultural operators' skills and capacities during a three-year period. It seeks to support regional initiatives in which culture contributes to economic development, social inclusion, conflict resolution and intercultural dialogue. | Spodbujanje kulture v okviru vzhodnega partnerstva: po uspehu Programa I za obdobje 2011–2015 bo Program vzhodnega partnerstva za kulturo II (ki vključuje Armenijo, Azerbajdžan, Belorusijo, Gruzijo, Moldavijo in Ukrajino) v triletnem obdobju nadalje razvil spretnosti, znanja in zmogljivosti kulturnih izvajalcev. Njegov cilj je podpreti regionalne pobude, pri katerih kultura prispeva h gospodarskemu razvoju, socialnemu vključevanju, reševanju konfliktov in medkulturnemu dialogu. |
| Support the Anna Lindh Foundation: the Anna Lindh Foundation and its network of over 4,000 civil society organisations throughout the 42 countries of the Union for the Mediterranean benefits from EU policy support and tools for the promotion of cultural exchange. | Podpiranje Fundacije Anne Lindh: EU s svojimi politikami podpira Fundacijo Anne Lindh z njeno mrežo več kot 4 000 organizacij civilne družbe v 42 državah Unije za Sredozemlje in zagotavlja instrumente za spodbujanje kulturne izmenjave. |
| (b) Fostering Peace-building through Inter-Cultural Dialogue | (b) Pospeševanje izgradnje miru z medkulturnim dialogom |
| Inter-cultural dialogue is an important tool in the prevention of conflicts and the promotion of reconciliation and mutual understanding in post-conflict societies. The EU supports pragmatic cooperation and inter-cultural dialogue between different cultures and societies. It also supports processes of reconciliation between peoples and minorities. Particularly successful examples are Bosnia-Herzegovina's progress towards EU integration and the pragmatic agreements reached as part of the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue. | Medkulturni dialog je pomemben instrument za preprečevanje konfliktov ter spodbujanje sprave in medsebojnega razumevanja v pokonfliktnih družbah. EU podpira pragmatično sodelovanje in medkulturni dialog med različnimi kulturami in družbami. Poleg tega podpira procese sprave med narodi in manjšinami. Še zlasti uspešna primera sta napredek Bosne in Hercegovine pri vključevanju v EU ter pragmatični sporazumi, ki so bili doseženi z dialogom med Beogradom in Prištino. |
| Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP) – the EU will enhance its support for inter-cultural dialogue in pre- and post-conflict situations. | Instrument za prispevanje k stabilnosti in miru: EU bo okrepila svojo podporo medkulturnemu dialogu v pred- in pokonfliktnih razmerah. |
| Youth inter-cultural dialogue: the EU will facilitate inter-cultural dialogue among youth organisations in Europe and elsewhere (including through programmes such as the Neighbourhood Civil Society Fellowships). In particular, the EU will support the second phase of the Young Arab Voices programme (now expanded to cover the Euro-Mediterranean region) to deepen the dialogue between young leaders and civil society representatives and counter extremism and violent radicalisation. | Mladinski medkulturni dialog: EU bo olajševala medkulturni dialog med mladinskimi organizacijami v Evropi in drugje (med drugim tudi s programi, kot so štipendije v okviru Sklada za civilno družbo v sosedstvu). Zlasti bo podprla drugo fazo programa Young Arab Voices (Mladi arabski glasovi) (zdaj razširjenega na evro-sredozemsko regijo), da bi okrepila dialog med mladimi vodstvenimi delavci in predstavniki civilne družbe ter preprečevala ekstremizem in nasilno radikalizacijo. |
| Training for observers of Election Observations Missions and staff to be deployed in civilian stabilisation missions: to ensure full awareness of the prevailing local cultural sensitivities, training courses will be provided. | Usposabljanje opazovalcev misije za opazovanje volitev ter osebja za napotitev v okviru civilnih stabilizacijskih misij: pripravila se bodo usposabljanja, da se zagotovi polna ozaveščenost o prevladujočih značilnostih lokalne kulture. |
| Promoting cultural rights: including local identity and indigenous rights, as well as the role of cultural rights defenders, in line with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 48 , including the rights of indigenous peoples as defined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) 49 . | Spodbujanje kulturnih pravic: vključno z lokalno identiteto in pravicami domorodnega prebivalstva ter vlogo braniteljev kulturnih pravic v skladu z Mednarodnim paktom o ekonomskih, socialnih in kulturnih pravicah 48 , ki zajemajo pravice domorodnega prebivalstva, kakor so opredeljene v Deklaraciji Združenih narodov o pravicah domorodnih ljudstev 49 . |
| 3.3 Reinforcing cooperation on cultural heritage | 3.3 Krepitev sodelovanja na področju kulturne dediščine |
| Cultural heritage is an important manifestation of cultural diversity that needs to be protected. Rehabilitating and promoting cultural heritage attracts tourism and boosts economic growth. Cooperation on cultural heritage plays an important role in international relations and in development policies as outlined in the Commission Communication: 'Towards an integrated approach to cultural heritage for Europe.' 50 Given the growing global demand for expertise, and the fact that many Member States are willing to share their knowledge, there are opportunities for joint action with partner countries to develop sustainable strategies for heritage protection through training, skills development and knowledge transfer. | Kulturna dediščina je pomemben vidik kulturne raznolikosti, ki jo je treba zaščititi. Z obnavljanjem in spodbujanjem kulturne dediščine se krepita turizem in gospodarska rast. Sodelovanje na področju kulturne dediščine ima pomembno vlogo v mednarodnih odnosih in razvojnih politikah, kakor so opisane v Sporočilu Komisije: „Na poti k celostnemu pristopu do kulturne dediščine za Evropo“ 50 . Glede na vse večje globalno povpraševanje po strokovnem znanju in dejstvo, da so številne države članice to znanje pripravljene deliti, obstaja več možnosti za skupno ukrepanje s partnerskimi državami, da se z usposabljanjem, razvojem spretnosti in znanj ter prenosom znanja razvijejo trajnostne strategije za varstvo kulturne dediščine. |
| Cultural heritage is fragile and often threatened by natural disasters, man-made destruction such as wars, looting and pillaging, sometimes motivated by sectarian hatred. Looted artefacts are often sold and the revenues generated by these transactions can be used to support terrorist activities: this impoverishes the world's cultural heritage. The EU has adopted restrictive measures towards Syria and transposed UN sanctions against Daesh/ISIL and Al-Qaida, as well as the UN sanctions regime for Iraq: these include a ban on illegal trade in cultural and archaeological artefacts. 51 | Kulturna dediščina je krhka in pogosto ji grozijo naravne nesreče ter uničenje s strani človeka, kot so vojne, ropanje in plenjenje, ki ga lahko spodbudi sektaško sovraštvo. Ukradeni artefakti se nato pogosto prodajo, prihodki od teh transakcij pa so lahko namenjeni podpiranju terorističnih dejavnosti, kar siromaši svetovno kulturno dediščino. EU je sprejela omejevalne ukrepe proti Siriji ter prenesla sankcije ZN proti Islamski državi in Al Kaidi ter režim sankcij ZN proti Iraku, ti pa zajemajo prepoved nezakonitega trgovanja s kulturnimi in arheološkimi artefakti 51 . |
| Research on cultural heritage: Horizon 2020 supports research and innovation for cultural heritage activities through multinational, interdisciplinary projects that also engage local and regional authorities, businesses and civil society, aiming at new solutions for the preservation and management of cultural heritage in Europe that is jeopardised by climate change. Participation from non-EU countries is encouraged. | Raziskovanje kulturne dediščine: pobuda Obzorje 2020 podpira raziskave in inovacije, povezane z dejavnostmi kulturne dediščine, ki se izvajajo v večnacionalnih interdisciplinarnih projektih ter med drugim vključujejo lokalne in regionalne organe, podjetja in civilno družbo, njihov namen pa je poiskati nove rešitve za ohranjanje in upravljanje kulturne dediščine v Evropi, ki je ogrožena zaradi podnebnih sprememb. Spodbuja se sodelovanje tretjih držav. |
| Combat trafficking of heritage: the Commission is planning a legislative proposal to regulate the import into the EU of cultural goods, based on the results of a recently launched study to identify gaps in national legislation. The Commission will consider a wider response to combatting terrorist finance via illicit trafficking in cultural goods – whatever the country of provenance. Potential action includes the introduction of a certification system for the import of cultural goods into the EU coupled with guidance to stakeholders such as museums and the art market. 52 The EU intends to support the training of customs officers at border controls to promote the early detection of stolen artefacts and encourage cooperation among art market professionals in the fight against illicit trafficking. The EU will also enhance cooperation with partner countries to combat the trafficking of cultural goods. | Boj proti trgovanju s kulturno dediščino: na podlagi rezultatov nedavno začete študije za prepoznavanje vrzeli v nacionalni zakonodaji namerava Komisija sprejeti zakonodajni predlog, ki bo urejal uvoz kulturnih dobrin v EU. Komisija bo proučila možnost širšega odziva na boj proti financiranju terorizma prek nedovoljene trgovine s kulturnimi dobrinami, ne glede na državo porekla. Morebitni ukrepi vključujejo uvedbo sistema certificiranja za uvoz kulturnih dobrin v EU in smernice za deležnike, kot so muzeji in trg umetnin 52 . EU namerava podpreti usposabljanje carinikov, ki nadzorujejo meje, da bi spodbudila hitro prepoznavanje ukradenih artefaktov ter sodelovanje strokovnjakov s trga umetnin v boju proti nedovoljenemu trgovanju. EU bo poleg tega okrepila sodelovanje s partnerskimi državami v boju proti trgovanju s kulturnimi dobrinami. |
| Protect heritage: The Commission will contribute to international efforts, led by UNESCO, to set up a rapid reaction mechanism for the protection of cultural heritage sites. The Commission will also share with UNESCO, inter alia through the Copernicus Emergency Management Service, satellite imagery of cultural heritage sites at risk in order to evaluate damage and plan possible reconstruction. The EU will include expertise to assess damages to cultural heritage as part of post-disaster and post-conflict recovery measures. The EU Regional Fund in Response to the Syrian Crisis will also contribute to protecting cultural heritage and promoting cultural diversity. | Varstvo kulturne dediščine: Komisija bo prispevala k mednarodnim prizadevanjem pod vodstvom Unesca, da bi vzpostavili mehanizem za hitro odzivanje za zaščito območij kulturne dediščine. Komisija bo s storitvijo za ukrepanje v izrednih razmerah programa Copernicus med drugim z Unescom delila satelitske posnetke ogroženih območij kulturne dediščine, ki bodo omogočili ocenitev škode in načrtovanje možne obnove. EU bo prispevala svoje strokovno znanje za ocenitev škode kulturne dediščine v okviru ukrepov za obnovo po naravnih nesrečah in pokonfliktno obnovo. Regionalni skrbniški sklad EU za odziv na krizo v Siriji bo tudi prispeval k varstvu kulturne dediščine in spodbujanju kulturne raznolikosti. |
| 4. A STRATEGIC EU APPROACH TO CULTURAL DIPLOMACY | 4. STRATEŠKI PRISTOP EU H KULTURNI DIPLOMACIJI |
| To advance successful cooperation with partner countries in the three work streams proposed, it is important for the relevant EU stakeholders to join forces to ensure complementarity and synergies. This includes government at all levels, local cultural organisations and civil society, the Commission and the High Representative (through EU Delegations in third countries), Member States and their cultural institutes. 53 The 2007 Communication on Culture advocated the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) in the field of culture, as a light but structured way for EU Member States cooperate at European level. 54 In 2012, a Member States expert group, co-chaired by the Commission and the European External Action Service, explored the development of a strategic approach to culture in the EU's external relations. The report of the expert group highlighted the benefit of EU cultural engagement with partner countries through new, strategic ways of working together with the Member States. 55 The European Parliament subsequently initiated the Preparatory Action 'Culture in EU external relations', which advocated a 'smart complementarity' based on mutually agreed cooperation between Member States, notably via their cultural institutes and attachés abroad, and with civil society. 56 The EEAS now runs 139 EU Delegations and Offices operating around the world, which represent the EU and its citizens globally. The potential for cooperation and coordination to advance the EU's cultural diplomacy is considerable. | Za doseganje napredka pri uspešnem sodelovanju s partnerskimi državami na treh predlaganih področjih ukrepanja je pomembno, da ustrezni deležniki EU združijo moči ter zagotovijo dopolnjevanje in sinergije. To vključuje vlade na vseh ravneh, lokalne kulturne organizacije in civilno družbo, Komisijo in visokega predstavnika (prek delegacij EU v tretjih državah), države članice in njihove kulturne inštitute 53 . Sporočilo o evropski agendi za kulturo iz leta 2007 je na področju kulture podprlo odprto metodo usklajevanja (OMU) kot prožno, vendar strukturirano orodje za sodelovanje držav članic EU na evropski ravni 54 . Strokovna skupina držav članic, ki ji sopredsedujeta Komisija in Evropska služba za zunanje delovanje, je leta 2012 proučila razvoj strateškega pristopa h kulturi v zunanjih odnosih EU. V poročilu strokovne skupine je bila poudarjena korist kulturnega udejstvovanja EU s partnerskimi državami prek novih strateških načinov sodelovanja z državami članicami 55 . Evropski parlament je nato oblikoval pripravljalni ukrep o kulturi v zunanjih odnosih EU, ki je podprl „pametno dopolnjevanje“ na podlagi sodelovanja, za katerega se med seboj dogovorijo države članice, zlasti prek kulturnih inštitutov in atašejev v tujini ter s civilno družbo 56 . ESZD zdaj upravlja 139 delegacij in uradov EU, ki poslujejo po vsem svetu ter predstavljajo EU in njene državljane na globalni ravni. Potencial za sodelovanje in usklajevanje, da se doseže napredek v kulturni diplomaciji EU, je precejšen. |
| (a) Enhanced EU Cooperation | (a) Okrepljeno sodelovanje EU |
| A concerted approach would allow European actors to pool resources and achieve economies of scale by working together in non-EU countries. A recent study by the European Parliament demonstrated the many benefits of close cooperation for the EU delegations, cultural institutes and EUNIC clusters 57 : joint projects are less risky, have greater impact and are more visible, with greater opportunities for learning. 58 | Usklajen pristop bi evropskim akterjem omogočil, da bi lahko združili vire in dosegli ekonomijo obsega v sodelovanju s tretjimi državami. Nedavna študija Evropskega parlamenta je pokazala številne koristi tesnega sodelovanja za delegacije EU, kulturne inštitute in grozde EUNIC 57 : skupni projekti so manj tvegani, imajo večji učinek, so opaznejši ter ponujajo boljše priložnosti za učenje 58 . |
| A Cultural Diplomacy Platform: this was established in February 2016 and funded by the Partnership Instrument (PI). It is operated by a consortium of Member States' Cultural Institutes and other partners. 59 It will issue advice on cultural policy, facilitate networking, carry out activities with cultural stakeholders, Member States and EU delegations, develop training programmes for cultural leadership, and contribute to the development of the EU's international cultural relations. | Platforma za kulturno diplomacijo: ustanovljena je bila februarja 2016 in financira se iz instrumenta partnerstva. Upravlja jo konzorcij kulturnih inštitutov držav članic in drugih partnerjev 59 . Objavljala bo nasvete o kulturni politiki, olajševala mreženje, izvajala dejavnosti s kulturnimi deležniki, državami članicami in delegacijami EU, razvijala programe usposabljanja za vodstvene položaje v kulturi ter prispevala k razvoju mednarodnih kulturnih povezav EU. |
| Enhanced cooperation with Cultural Institutes: following consultation with all relevant stakeholders, the Commission will propose later this year a new type of partnership between the EEAS, Commission services, national cultural institutes and their umbrella organisation (where mandates allow), setting out the principles of pan-European cooperation and the values that underpin it. | Okrepljeno sodelovanje s kulturnimi inštituti: Komisija bo pozneje to leto po posvetovanju z vsemi pomembnimi deležniki predlagala novo vrsto partnerstva med ESZD, službami Komisije, nacionalnimi kulturnimi inštituti in njihovim krovnim združenjem (kadar to dovoljujejo mandati), v okviru katerega bodo določena načela vseevropskega sodelovanja in vrednote, na katerih temelji. |
| Enhanced role of EU Delegations: delegations will act as local platforms for cultural institutes and other stakeholders in facilitating coordination and cooperation. The EU Delegations can help identify local needs and opportunities, ensuring that actions fit with local cultural contexts, while simultaneously serving the EU's strategic objectives. Cultural focal points in major EU delegations will disseminate best practice and provide training on the cultural dimension of development and external relations for staff. | Okrepljena vloga delegacij EU: delegacije bodo delovale kot lokalne platforme za kulturne inštitute in druge deležnike, olajševale pa bodo usklajevanje in sodelovanje. Delegacije EU lahko pomagajo prepoznati lokalne potrebe in priložnosti ter zagotoviti, da so ukrepi prilagojeni lokalnemu kulturnemu okviru, hkrati pa izpolnjujejo strateške cilje EU. Kulturne informacijske točke v večjih delegacijah EU bodo posredovale najboljšo prakso ter zagotavljale usposabljanje osebja v zvezi s kulturno razsežnostjo razvoja in zunanjih odnosov. |
| Establishing European Culture Houses: they would be based on a partnership between the EU and the partner country in question and would enable cultural institutes and other stakeholders to come together and provide services to the local population, engage in joint projects and offer scholarships, cultural and educational exchanges. | Ustanovitev evropskih kulturnih hiš: temeljile bi na partnerstvu med EU in zadevno partnersko državo, kulturnim inštitutom in drugim deležnikom pa bi omogočile, da bi se lahko srečevali ter zagotavljali storitve lokalnemu prebivalstvu, sodelovali v skupnih projektih in omogočali štipendiranje ter izmenjave na kulturnem in izobraževalnem področju. |
| Promoting active civil society: many stakeholders (e.g. civil society, artists, cultural operators, grass roots organizations) are involved in cultural relations between the EU and third countries. In bilateral relations and appropriate thematic programmes, the EU will therefore seek to strengthen its support to civil society organisations active in the cultural field in partner countries.in order to build up their capacity and facilitate exchanges. | Spodbujanje aktivne civilne družbe: v kulturnih povezavah med EU in tretjimi državami sodeluje veliko deležnikov (npr. civilna družba, umetniki, kulturni izvajalci in lokalne organizacije). EU si bo torej v dvostranskih odnosih in ustreznih tematskih programih prizadevala za okrepitev svoje podpore organizacijam civilne družbe, ki so dejavne na kulturnem področju v partnerskih državah, da bodo lahko okrepile svoje zmogljivosti in olajševale izmenjave. |
| Joint EU cultural events: supporting joint European cultural activities is an excellent way to enhance the visibility of the EU in third countries. A new two-year scheme with a budget of EUR 1.5 million to organise EU film festivals in a more coherent and strategic way will be launched in 2017 (following a study published in 2015) under the new PI action for Global Public Diplomacy. 60 At present, over 75 EU delegations are involved in running film festivals and other activities, such as the European Day of Languages, with different levels of cooperation with national cultural institutes. | Skupni kulturni dogodki EU: podpiranje sodelovanja v evropskih kulturnih dejavnostih je odličen način za okrepitev prepoznavnosti EU v tretjih državah. Leta 2017 (na podlagi študije, objavljene leta 2015) se bo v okviru novega ukrepa instrumenta partnerstva za globalno javno diplomacijo začel izvajati nov dvoletni program skladnejše in bolj strateške organizacije filmskih festivalov EU s proračunom v vrednosti 1,5 milijona EUR 60 . Pri vodenju filmskih festivalov in drugih dejavnosti, kot je evropski dan jezikov, na različnih ravneh sodelovanja z nacionalnimi kulturnimi inštituti trenutno sodeluje več kot 75 delegacij EU. |
| Focus on strategic partners: many of the EU's strategic partners have strong cultural diplomacy strategies 61 and the EU has strong cultural cooperation with several partners. The Euro-American Cultural Foundation 62 was established in 2013 to provide more structured funding to EU cultural programmes and strengthen cultural bonds between the USA and EU (including the Delegation and Member States). In South Africa, the EU is supporting young artists, audio-visual producers, musicians and sportspeople. Bilateral relations with China have included the people-to-people dimension since 2012. 63 | Usmerjenost v strateške partnerje: mnogi strateški partnerji EU že imajo močne strategije kulturne diplomacije 61 , EU pa na področju kulture tesno sodeluje z več partnerji. Leta 2013 je bila ustanovljena Evropsko-ameriška kulturna fundacija 62 , ki naj bi zagotavljala bolj strukturirano financiranje kulturnih programov EU ter okrepila kulturne vezi med ZDA in EU (vključno z delegacijo in državami članicami). V Južni Afriki EU podpira mlade umetnike, producente avdiovizualnih vsebin, glasbenike in športnike. Dvostranski odnosi s Kitajsko od leta 2012 vključujejo tudi medosebni element 63 . |
| (b) Inter-cultural exchanges of students, researchers and alumni | (b) Medkulturne izmenjave študentov, raziskovalcev in diplomantov |
| The EU's mobility and inter-university cooperation programmes are invaluable instruments for establishing lasting academic and cultural ties, which simultaneously promote the EU in partner countries. A 2014 survey 64 carried out by the Executive Agency Education, Audiovisual and Culture (EACEA) showed that 54 % of students and staff who benefitted from Erasmus Mundus mobility rated the experience as having the biggest influence on their intercultural skills and competences. | Programi mobilnosti in meduniverzitetnega sodelovanja EU so neprecenljivi instrumenti za vzpostavitev trajnih akademskih in kulturnih vezi, ki hkrati podpirajo EU v partnerskih državah. Anketa 64 , ki jo je leta 2014 izvedla Izvajalska agencija za izobraževanje, avdiovizualno področje in kulturo (EACEA), je pokazala, da je 54 % študentov in zaposlenih, ki so bili vključeni v program mobilnosti Erasmus Mundus, navedlo, da je njihova izkušnja v največji meri vplivala na njihove medkulturne spretnosti, znanja in kompetence. |
| International research cooperation uses the universal language of science to maintain open channels of communication and enable researchers to exchange ideas regardless of their cultural, national or religious backgrounds. Horizon 2020, the world's largest multilateral research and innovation programme, funds research and innovation on cultural relations, science diplomacy and cultural heritage. Horizon 2020 also helps partner countries to maximise the contribution of education to growth, social stability and development. | Mednarodno sodelovanje na področju raziskav uporablja univerzalni jezik znanosti, s katerim vzdržuje odprte komunikacijske kanale ter omogoča izmenjavo idej med raziskovalci, ne glede na njihovo kulturno, nacionalno ali versko ozadje. Pobuda Obzorje 2020, ki je največji svetovni program za večstransko raziskovanje in inovacije, financira raziskave in inovacije, povezane s kulturnimi povezavami, znanstveno diplomacijo in kulturno dediščino. Poleg tega lahko pobuda Obzorje 2020 partnerskim državam pomaga čim bolj povečati prispevek izobraževanja k rasti, socialni stabilnosti in razvoju. |
| Youth exchanges, European Voluntary Service 65 , training for young people and youth workers and networking between them involve mobility for young people between the EU and neighbouring countries. In 2015, over 33,000 young people and youth workers participated in these joint activities: about 40 % were from neighbouring countries. The Commission is exploring how cooperation in the field of sport can contribute to international relations, through a high-level group expected to deliver its report in June 2016. | Izmenjave mladih, Evropska prostovoljska služba (EVS) 65 , usposabljanje mladih in mladinskih delavcev ter mreženje med njimi vključujejo mobilnost mladih med EU in sosednjimi državami. Leta 2015 je bilo v te skupne dejavnosti zajetih več kot 33 000 mladih in mladinskih delavcev, od tega približno 40 % iz sosednjih držav. Komisija s skupino na visoki ravni, ki naj bi svoje poročilo predložila junija 2016, raziskuje, kako bi sodelovanje na področju športa lahko prispevalo k mednarodnim odnosom. |
| Promote mobility of researchers: through the Marie Curie-Sklodowska Actions, the EU intends to fund 65,000 researchers between 2014 and 2020. This includes 25,000 doctoral candidates and will enable 15,000 researchers from outside Europe to begin or pursue their careers in Europe by 2020. | Spodbujanje mobilnosti raziskovalcev: EU namerava z ukrepi na podlagi programa dejavnosti Marie Skłodowska-Curie v obdobju 2014–2020 financirati približno 65 000 raziskovalcev. To vključuje 25 000 absolventov doktorskega študija, poleg tega pa bo približno 15 000 raziskovalcem, ki ne prihajajo iz Evrope, omogočila, da bodo do leta 2020 lahko začeli ali nadaljevali svojo poklicno pot v Evropi. |
| Exchange of students and staff and new joint projects: the EU intends to finance over 150,000 scholarships for students and staff involving Europe and other parts of the world between 2014 and 2020. It will fund about 1,000 joint projects involving EU and non-EU universities and youth organisations between 2014 and 2020. 66 | Izmenjava študentov in osebja ter novi skupni projekti: EU načrtuje, da bo v obdobju 2014–2020 financirala več kot 150 000 štipendij za študente in osebje, vključno z Evropo in drugimi deli sveta. Poleg tega bo v obdobju 2014–2020 financirala približno 1 000 skupnih projektov, ki vključujejo univerze znotraj in zunaj EU ter mladinske organizacije 66 . |
| Alumni and EU studies networks: the Commission will support the establishment of Erasmus+ alumni groups in partner countries and cooperation between these groups and EU delegation. It will combine networking efforts at national and European level and support the integration of EU Centres in the 450 Jean Monnet Centres of Excellence, and promote networking between them. Worldwide, EU studies will reach over 250,000 students every year through teaching and outreach activities. | Mreže diplomantov evropskih študij: Komisija bo podprla oblikovanje skupin udeležencev programa Erasmus+ v partnerskih državah ter sodelovanje med temi skupinami in delegacijo EU. Povezala bo prizadevanja za mreženje na nacionalni in evropski ravni ter podprla vključitev centrov EU med 450 centrov odličnosti Jean Monnet in spodbujala njihovo medsebojno mreženje. Evropske študije bodo s poučevanjem in informativnimi dejavnostmi vsako leto pritegnile več kot 250 000 študentov po vsem svetu. |
| 5. CONCLUSIONS | 5. SKLEPNE UGOTOVITVE |
| The global cultural landscape has changed rapidly over the last few decades. Demand for exchanges and inter-cultural cooperation has increased in pace with the digital revolution. In a world faced with many challenges and conflicts, culture has great potential to overcome divisions, strengthen fragile societies, and improve international relations. Europe is perceived in the world as a continent rich in cultural heritage, and vibrant creative forces. Culture should therefore be an integral part of the external action of the European Union. | Globalno kulturno okolje se v zadnjih nekaj desetletjih hitro spreminja. V skladu z digitalno revolucijo se je povečala potreba po izmenjavah in medkulturnem sodelovanju. V svetu, ki se spopada z veliko izzivi in konflikti, ima kultura velik potencial za preseganje razhajanj, okrepitev nestabilnih družb in izboljšanje mednarodnih odnosov. Evropo v svetu dojemajo kot celino z bogato kulturno dediščino in živahnim ustvarjalnim sektorjem. Kultura bi morala torej biti sestavni del zunanjega delovanja Evropske unije. |
| This Joint Communication proposed three pillars to advance work towards an EU Strategy for international cultural relations. First, the proposed guiding principles for EU action aim to ensure that EU action in this area promotes human rights, diversity, inter-cultural dialogue while respecting subsidiarity and complementarity and retaining policy coherence by promoting culture within existing partnership frameworks. The second pillar proposed three main strands to provide a focus for advancing cultural cooperation with partner countries, including: i) supporting culture as an engine for sustainable social and economic development; ii) promoting culture and intercultural dialogue for peaceful inter-community relations; iii) reinforcing cooperation on cultural heritage. The third pillar proposes a strategic EU approach to cultural diplomacy: including enhanced European cooperation (notably between EU Member States and EU Delegations) and inter-cultural exchanges to promote the diverse cultures of the EU. | To skupno sporočilo predlaga tri temelje za doseganje napredka pri strategiji EU za mednarodne kulturne povezave. Kot prvo je cilj predlaganih vodilnih načel za ukrepanje EU zagotoviti, da ukrepi EU na tem področju spodbujajo človekove pravice, raznolikost in medkulturni dialog, hkrati pa spoštujejo subsidiarnost in dopolnjevanje ter ohranjajo usklajenost politik s spodbujanjem kulture v obstoječih partnerskih okvirih. V okviru drugega temelja predlaga usmerjenost v tri glavna področja za doseganje napredka pri kulturnem sodelovanju s partnerskimi državami, vključno s: i) podpiranjem kulture kot gonilne sile trajnostnega socialnega in gospodarskega razvoja, ii) spodbujanjem kulture in medkulturnega dialoga za vzpostavitev miroljubnih odnosov med skupnostmi ter iii) krepitvijo sodelovanja na področju kulturne dediščine. Za tretji temelj pa predlaga strateški pristop EU h kulturni diplomaciji, vključno z okrepljenim evropskim sodelovanjem (zlasti med državami članicami EU in delegacijami EU) in medkulturnimi izmenjavami za spodbujanje različnih kultur EU. |
| Building on the above three pillars, proposed as part of an 'EU strategy for international cultural relations', will help further develop channels of communication between peoples and societies. It will help create a conducive environment for cultural and creative industries to continue expanding, creating growth and employment. It will strengthen the protection and promotion of cultural heritage, stimulate inter-cultural dialogue and peace-building, support cultural production and tourism as drivers of development and economic growth, and use education, research and science as agents for dialogue and exchanges. These actions should contribute to making the European Union a stronger global actor, a better international partner and a stronger contributor to sustainable growth, peace and mutual understanding. | Na podlagi navedenih treh temeljev, predlaganih v okviru strategije EU za mednarodne kulturne povezave, se bodo nadalje razvili komunikacijski kanali med narodi in družbami. Pripomogli bodo k oblikovanju ugodnega okolja za nadaljnjo širitev kulturnega in ustvarjalnega sektorja, ki bo omogočila rast in zaposlovanje. Okrepili bodo varstvo in spodbujanje kulturne dediščine, pospešili medkulturni dialog in izgradnjo miru, podprli kulturno produkcijo in turizem, ki sta gonilni sili razvoja in gospodarske rasti, ter izkoristili izobraževanje, raziskovanje in znanost za dialog in izmenjave. Evropska unija bi lahko s temi ukrepi postala močnejši globalni akter in boljša mednarodna partnerica, poleg tega pa bi lahko znatneje prispevala k trajnostni rasti, miru in medsebojnemu razumevanju. |
| (1) | (1) |
| The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) | Organizacija Združenih narodov za izobraževanje, znanost in kulturo (Unesco). |
| (2) | (2) |
| Communication on 'European Agenda for Culture in a globalising world' COM(2007) 242 final. | Sporočilo o evropski agendi za kulturo v svetu globalizacije, COM(2007) 242 final. |
| (3) | (3) |
| See: Council Conclusions on the promotion of cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue in external relations (2008); European Parliament’s Resolution on the cultural dimensions of the EUs external action (2011); 2014 EP Preparatory Action 'Culture in EU external relations' http://cultureinexternalrelations.eu/ | Glej: Sklepi Sveta o spodbujanju kulturne raznolikosti in medkulturnega dialoga v zunanjih odnosih (2008); Resolucija Evropskega parlamenta o kulturnih razsežnostih zunanjega delovanja EU (2011); pripravljalni ukrep Evropskega parlamenta iz leta 2014 o kulturi v zunanjih odnosih EU: http://cultureinexternalrelations.eu/ . |
| (4) | (4) |
| Outcome of 3428th Council Meeting: Education Youth Culture and Sport, 23-4 November 2015 | Izid 3428. zasedanja Sveta: Izobraževanje, mladina, kultura in šport, 23. in 24. november 2015. |
| (5) | (5) |
| http://en.unesco.org/creativity/convention/about/2005-convention-text | http://en.unesco.org/creativity/convention/about/2005-convention-text . |
| (6) | (6) |
| EU Charter of Fundamental Rights | Listina EU o temeljnih pravicah. |
| (7) | (7) |
| Communication 'Towards an Integrated approach to the cultural heritage for Europe' COM (2014) 477 final. | Sporočilo „Na poti k celostnemu pristopu do kulturne dediščine za Evropo“, COM(2014) 477 final. |
| (8) | (8) |
| The Globalisation of Cultural Trade: A Shift in Cultural Consumption--International flows of cultural goods and services 2004-2013, UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2016. | The Globalisation of Cultural Trade: A Shift in Cultural Consumption – International flows of cultural goods and services 2004-2013, Unescov inštitut za statistiko (UIS), 2016. |
| (9) | (9) |
| Cultural Times, report by CISAC and UNESCO, 2015. | Cultural Times, poročilo združenja CISAC in Unesca, 2015. |
| (10) | (10) |
| Ibidem. | Ibid. |
| (11) | (11) |
| https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf | https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf . |
| (12) | (12) |
| http://cultureinexternalrelations.eu/ | http://cultureinexternalrelations.eu/ . |
| (13) | (13) |
| Studies suggest the EU should engage in Cultural Diplomacy activities drawing on the very positive perceptions of European and Member States’ culture, arts and history. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/fpi/showcases/eu_perceptions_study_en.htm | Študije kažejo, da bi se morala EU posvetiti dejavnostim kulturne diplomacije, pri čemer bi lahko črpala iz izredno pozitivnega dojemanja kulture, umetnosti in zgodovine Evrope in njenih držav članic: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/fpi/showcases/eu_perceptions_study_en.htm . |
| (14) | (14) |
| Articles 2, 6, 21, 49 of TEU and articles 7, 8, 10, 11, 22 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. All EU Member States are State Parties to ICCPR and ECHR. | Členi 2, 6, 21 in 49 PEU ter členi 7, 8, 10, 11 in 22 Listine EU o temeljnih pravicah. Vse države članice EU so države pogodbenice MPDPP in EKČP. |
| (15) | (15) |
| See also the EU Human Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline (doc. 9647/14). | Glej tudi Smernice EU o človekovih pravicah – svoboda izražanja na spletu in drugje (dok. 9647/14). |
| (16) | (16) |
| As recommended by the Preparatory Action on 'Culture in EU External Relations' initiated by the European parliament and published in 2014: http://cultureinexternalrelations.eu/main-outcomes/ and by 'A strategy for EU-China cultural relations: report of the expert group on culture and external relations – China' (November 2012). | Kot je priporočeno v pripravljalnem ukrepu o kulturi v zunanjih odnosih EU, ki ga je pripravil Evropski parlament in je bil objavljen leta 2014: http://cultureinexternalrelations.eu/main-outcomes/ , in v dokumentu A strategy for EU-China cultural relations: report of the expert group on culture and external relations – China (Strategija za odnose med EU in Kitajsko na področju kulture: poročilo skupine strokovnjakov za kulturo in zunanje odnose – Kitajska) (november 2012). |
| (17) | (17) |
| Council Conclusions on Culture in the EU's external relations with a focus on culture in development cooperation. 24 November 2015 | Sklepi Sveta o kulturi v zunanjih odnosih EU s poudarkom na kulturi v razvojnem sodelovanju, 24. november 2015. |
| (18) | (18) |
| Examples of specific actions and projects do not prejudge the implementation of new projects in line with this strategy. On the other hand, references to on-going projects or programmes do not imply their permanent financing. | Primeri posebnih ukrepov in projektov ne vplivajo na izvajanje novih projektov v skladu s to strategijo. Na drugi strani sklicevanja na sedanje projekte ali programe ne pomenijo, da se ti stalno financirajo. |
| (19) | (19) |
| Regulation (EU) No 234/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2014 Establishing A Partnership Instrument For Cooperation With Third Countries. | Uredba (EU) št. 234/2014 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 11. marca 2014 o vzpostavitvi instrumenta partnerstva za sodelovanje s tretjimi državami. |
| (20) | (20) |
| Regulation (EU) No 235/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2014 Establishing a Financing Instrument For Democracy And Human Rights Worldwide. | Uredba (EU) št. 235/2014 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 11. marca 2014 o vzpostavitvi instrumenta financiranja za demokracijo in človekove pravice po svetu. |
| (21) | (21) |
| Regulation (EU) No 230/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2014 Establishing An Instrument Contributing To Stability And Peace. | Uredba (EU) št. 230/2014 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 11. marca 2014 o vzpostavitvi instrumenta za prispevanje k stabilnosti in miru. |
| (22) | (22) |
| Regulation (EU) No 1295/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing the Creative Europe Programme (2014 to 2020). | Uredba (EU) št. 1295/2013 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 11. decembra 2013 o uvedbi programa Ustvarjalna Evropa (2014–2020). |
| (23) | (23) |
| Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia. | Albanija, Bosna in Hercegovina, nekdanja jugoslovanska republika Makedonija, Kosovo*, Črna gora in Srbija. |
| (24) | (24) |
| EU actions in this field in Bosnia and Kosovo have shown the potential of heritage-based policies for re-conciliation in post-conflict situations, in addition to their contribution to economic development. | Ukrepi EU na tem področju v Bosni in na Kosovu so pokazali, da bi lahko politike, ki bi temeljile na kulturni dediščini, pripomogle k pokonfliktni spravi, hkrati pa bi prispevale h gospodarskemu razvoju. |
| (25) | (25) |
| As envisaged in Article 8.3 of Regulation 1295/2013 of 11 December 3013 establishing the Creative Europe programme. List of participating non-EU countries: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/creative-europe/library/eligibility-organisations-non-eu-countries_en | Kakor je predvideno v členu 8(3) Uredbe (EU) št. 1295/2013 z dne 11. decembra 2013 o uvedbi programa Ustvarjalna Evropa. Seznam sodelujočih tretjih držav: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/creative-europe/library/eligibility-organisations-non-eu-countries_en . |
| (26) | (26) |
| Algeria , Egypt , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Libya , Morocco , Palestine *, Syria and Tunisia . | Alžirija , Egipt , Izrael , Jordanija , Libanon , Libija , Maroko , Palestina *, Sirija in Tunizija . |
| (27) | (27) |
| Armenia , Azerbaijan , Belarus , Georgia , Moldova and Ukraine . | Armenija , Azerbajdžan , Belorusija , Gruzija , Moldavija in Ukrajina . |
| (28) | (28) |
| Joint Communication 'Review of the European Neighbourhood Policy (18 November 2015). JOIN(2015) 50 final. | Skupno sporočilo z naslovom Pregled evropske sosedske politike (18. november 2015), JOIN(2015) 50 final. |
| (29) | (29) |
| http://www.enpi-info.eu/mainmed.php?id=486&id_type=10 | http://www.enpi-info.eu/mainmed.php?id=486&id_type=10 . |
| (30) | (30) |
| http://www.enpi-info.eu/maineast.php?id=322&id_type=10 | http://www.enpi-info.eu/maineast.php?id=322&id_type=10 . |
| (31) | (31) |
| Regulation (EU) No 233/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2014 Establishing A Financing Instrument For Development Cooperation For The Period 2014-2020. | Uredba (EU) št. 233/2014 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 11. marca 2014 o vzpostavitvi instrumenta za financiranje razvojnega sodelovanja za obdobje 2014–2020. |
| (32) | (32) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/acp/overview/cotonou-agreement/index_en.htm_en | https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/acp/overview/cotonou-agreement/index_en.htm_en . |
| (33) | (33) |
| http://en.unesco.org/creativity/convention/about/2005-convention-text | http://en.unesco.org/creativity/convention/about/2005-convention-text. |
| (34) | (34) |
| TAIEX is the Technical Assistance and Information Exchange instrument of the European Commission. TAIEX supports public administrations with regard to the approximation, application and enforcement of EU legislation as well as facilitating the sharing of EU best practices. | TAIEX je instrument Evropske komisije za izmenjavo informacij in tehnično pomoč. Podpira javne uprave pri približevanju, uporabi in izvajanju zakonodaje EU ter olajšuje izmenjavo najboljše prakse EU. |
| (35) | (35) |
| http://www.enpi-info.eu/medportal/news/latest/45210/MedFilm:-Call-for-proposals-to-promote-development-of-film-industry-in-Southern-Mediterranean | http://www.enpi-info.eu/medportal/news/latest/45210/MedFilm:-Call-for-proposals-to-promote-development-of-film-industry-in-Southern-Mediterranean. |
| (36) | (36) |
| The European Capitals of Culture provide a very good example: each euro of public money invested, for instance, in Lille 2004 (France) is estimated to have generated 8 euros for the local economy. | Evropske prestolnice kulture so zelo dober primer: vsak vložen evro javnega denarja, na primer v območju Lille v Franciji leta 2004, naj bi po ocenah ustvaril 8 evrov za lokalno gospodarstvo. |
| (37) | (37) |
| http://www.asef.org/ | http://www.asef.org/ . |
| (38) | (38) |
| http://ec.europa.eu/culture/news/2016/0405-european-network-creative-hubs_en.htm | http://ec.europa.eu/culture/news/2016/0405-european-network-creative-hubs_en.htm . |
| (39) | (39) |
| http://ec.europa.eu/culture/calls/general/2015-eac-s11_en.htm | http://ec.europa.eu/culture/calls/general/2015-eac-s11_en.htm . |
| (40) | (40) |
| www.etf.europa.eu/ | www.etf.europa.eu/ . |
| (41) | (41) |
| This Intra-ACP Support Programme is funded under the European Development Fund (EDF): http://www.acpculturesplus.eu/?lang=uk | Ta podporni program, ki se izvaja znotraj držav AKP, se financira na podlagi Evropskega razvojnega sklada (ERS): http://www.acpculturesplus.eu/?lang=uk . |
| (42) | (42) |
| These include: the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) of 10 June 2009, COM(2009) 248; the EU Strategy for Danube Region (EUSDR) of 08 December 2010, COM(2010) 715; the Action Plan for a Maritime Strategy in the Atlantic area, Delivering smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, of 13 May 2013, COM(2013) 279; the EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR) of 17 June 2014, COM(2014) 357; and the EU Strategy for the Alpine Region (EUSALP) of 28 July 2015, COM(2015) 366. | Ti vključujejo strategijo EU za regijo Baltskega morja (EUSBSR) z dne 10. junija 2009, COM(2009) 248, strategijo EU za Podonavje (EUSDR) z dne 8. decembra 2010, COM(2010) 715, akcijski načrt za pomorsko strategijo na atlantskem območju: Doseganje pametne, trajnostne in vključujoče rasti z dne 13. maja 2013, COM(2013) 279, strategijo EU za jadransko-jonsko regijo (EUSAIR) z dne 17. junija 2014, COM(2014) 357, ter strategijo EU za alpsko regijo (EUSALP) z dne 28. julija 2015, COM(2015) 366. |
| (43) | (43) |
| http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/actions/capitals-culture_en.htm and http://www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/publications | http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/actions/capitals-culture_en.htm in http://www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/publications. |
| (44) | (44) |
| The study notably identifies suggestions for the 'Global Public Goods and Challenges Programme' (30 million). | V študiji so opredeljeni zlasti predlogi, povezani s programom „Svetovne javne dobrine in izzivi“ (30 milijonov EUR). |
| (45) | (45) |
| EU-African Union Project 'Visionary Africa'. | Skupni projekt EU in Afriške unije „Visionary Africa“ (Afrika z vizijo). |
| (46) | (46) |
| 'Culture and Arts supporting social cohesion in Latin America cities'. | „Kultura in umetnost za podpiranje socialne kohezije v latinskoameriških mestih“. |
| (47) | (47) |
| To participate fully in the MEDIA sub-programme a country must meet the requirements set out in the Audiovisual Media Services Directive | Če želi država polno sodelovati v podprogramu MEDIA, mora izpolnjevati zahteve iz direktive o avdiovizualnih medijskih storitvah. |
| (48) | (48) |
| http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx | http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx . |
| (49) | (49) |
| http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf | http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf . |
| (50) | (50) |
| COM(2014)477final. | COM(2014) 477 final. |
| (51) | (51) |
| EU transposed UNSC sanctions regime against ISIL (Daesh) and Al-Qaida (as set out in UNSCR 1267) and subsequent resolutions, including UNSCR 2253 (2015). Since archaeological artefacts are to be considered economic resources for ISIL/Da'esh, the purchase of those items from ISIL/Da'esh is unlawful. The Council has transposed the UN sanctions regime against Iraq (which contains a trade ban on illegally removed archaeological artefacts) and has adapted the autonomous EU sanctions regime and restrictive measures against Syria to specifically include the trade ban on archaeological artefacts illegally removed from Syria. | EU je prenesla režim sankcij VSZN proti Islamski državi (Daišu) in Al Kaidi (kakor je določeno v RVSZN 1267) ter posledične resolucije, vključno z RVSZN 2253 (2015). Ker se arheološki artefakti štejejo za gospodarske vire Islamske države, je nakup teh predmetov od Islamske države nezakonit. Svet je prenesel režim sankcij ZN proti Iraku (ki vključuje prepoved trgovanja z nezakonito odstranjenimi arheološkimi artefakti) ter prilagodil avtonomni režim sankcij in omejevalnih ukrepov EU proti Siriji, tako da zdaj izrecno vključuje prepoved trgovanja z arheološkimi artefakti, ki so bili nezakonito odstranjeni iz Sirije. |
| (52) | (52) |
| Action Plan for strengthening the fight against terrorist financing, COM(2016) 50/2. | Akcijski načrt za okrepitev boja proti financiranju terorizma, COM(2016) 50/2. |
| (53) | (53) |
| A recent example in Tunisia demonstrates close cooperation between the EU Delegation, a Member State's cultural institute and the local authorities: the Commission launched a EUR 10 million programme to strengthen the audio-visual/media sector in Tunisia. Another project (EUR 4million), managed by the EU Delegation with the support of the British Council, will be launched later this year to promote cultural involvement at local level. | Novejši primer v Tuniziji kaže tesno sodelovanje med delegacijo EU, kulturnim inštitutom države članice in lokalnimi organi: Komisija je začela izvajati program za okrepitev avdiovizualnega/medijskega sektorja v Tuniziji v vrednosti 10 milijonov EUR. Delegacija EU bo pozneje to leto s podporo organizacije British Council začela upravljati tudi projekt (v vrednosti 4 milijonov EUR) za spodbujanje kulturnega udejstvovanja na lokalni ravni. |
| (54) | (54) |
| Since 2008, OMC groups have worked on issues such as: Cultural and Creative Industries (including new business models and export strategies); mobility of artists and culture professionals; mobility of works of art; improving access to culture via digital means. | Skupine OMU so od leta 2008 obravnavale vprašanja, kot so: kulturni in ustvarjalni sektor (vključno z novimi poslovnimi modeli in strategijami izvoza), mobilnost umetnikov in zaposlenih v kulturi, mobilnost umetniških del ter izboljšanje dostopa do kulture prek digitalnih orodij. |
| (55) | (55) |
| The report was also the basis for the EU Ministers of Culture's debate on culture as a soft policy option on 17 May 2013. | Poročilo je bilo poleg tega osnova za razpravo ministrov EU za kulturo 17. maja 2013 o kulturi kot mehkem instrumentu politike. |
| (56) | (56) |
| http://cultureinexternalrelations.eu/ | http://cultureinexternalrelations.eu/ . |
| (57) | (57) |
| EUNIC (European Union National Institutes for Culture) is an umbrella network. It counts 34 Cultural Institutes amongst its members from 28 countries and 100 clusters spread around the world. http://www.eunic-online.eu/ | EUNIC (mreža nacionalnih kulturnih inštitutov Evropske unije) je krovna mreža. Vanjo je vključenih 34 kulturnih inštitutov iz 28 držav in 100 grozdov po vsem svetu: http://www.eunic-online.eu/ . |
| (58) | (58) |
| European Parliament study – European Cultural Institutes Abroad, January 2016. | Študija Evropskega parlamenta – Evropski kulturni inštituti v tujini, januar 2016. |
| (59) | (59) |
| EEAS and Commission are part of the Steering Committee. See http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/fpi/announcements/news/20160401_l_en.htm . | ESZD in Komisija sta članici usmerjevalnega odbora. Glej http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/fpi/announcements/news/20160401_l_en.htm . |
| (60) | (60) |
| https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/european-film-festivals-unique-opportunity-eu-cultural-diplomacy | https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/european-film-festivals-unique-opportunity-eu-cultural-diplomacy . |
| (61) | (61) |
| Examples include China, Japan ('Cool Japan') and South Korea (with the Korean new wave 'Hallyu'). | Taki strateški partnerji so Kitajska, Japonska („Cool Japan“) in Južna Koreja (s korejskim novim valom „Hallyu“). |
| (62) | (62) |
| http://e-acf.org/ | http://e-acf.org/ . |
| (63) | (63) |
| http://ec.europa.eu/education/international-cooperation/china_en.htm | http://ec.europa.eu/education/international-cooperation/china_en.htm . |
| (64) | (64) |
| http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/more_info/evaluations/docs/education/mundus2012-summary_en.pdf | http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/more_info/evaluations/docs/education/mundus2012-summary_en.pdf . |
| (65) | (65) |
| https://europa.eu/youth/EU/voluntary-activities/european-voluntary-service_en | https://europa.eu/youth/EU/voluntary-activities/european-voluntary-service_sl . |
| (66) | (66) |
| http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/ | http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/. |
