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Document 32025R0258
Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/258 of 7 February 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of medium and heavy lorries and heavy buses and the inclusion of vehicles running on hydrogen and other new technologies and amending Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 as regards the applicable rules on the determination of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption in order to obtain an extension to an EU type-approval
Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/258 of 7 February 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of medium and heavy lorries and heavy buses and the inclusion of vehicles running on hydrogen and other new technologies and amending Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 as regards the applicable rules on the determination of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption in order to obtain an extension to an EU type-approval
Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/258 of 7 February 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of medium and heavy lorries and heavy buses and the inclusion of vehicles running on hydrogen and other new technologies and amending Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 as regards the applicable rules on the determination of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption in order to obtain an extension to an EU type-approval
C/2025/746
OJ L, 2025/258, 20.2.2025, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/258/oj (BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, GA, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV)
In force
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Official Journal |
EN L series |
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2025/258 |
20.2.2025 |
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2025/258
of 7 February 2025
amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of medium and heavy lorries and heavy buses and the inclusion of vehicles running on hydrogen and other new technologies and amending Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 as regards the applicable rules on the determination of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption in order to obtain an extension to an EU type-approval
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC (1), and in particular Article 4(3) and Article 5(4), point (e), thereof,
Whereas:
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(1) |
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 (2) introduced a common method to compare the performance of heavy-duty vehicles placed on the Union market as regards their CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. It lays down provisions for the certification of components with an impact on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles, introduces a simulation tool for the purpose of determining and declaring CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of those vehicles, and lays down, inter alia, requirements for Member States’ authorities and manufacturers to verify the conformity of the certification of the components and the conformity of the simulation tool operation. |
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(2) |
Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/1379 (3) expanded the scope of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 to medium lorries and heavy buses and added new technologies such as hybrid and pure electric vehicles, dual-fuel vehicles and waste heat recovery. |
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(3) |
As other new technologies are being developed and may enter the market in the future, requirements for such new technologies should be laid down. Such new technologies should include vehicles running on hydrogen, efficient wheel ends, vehicles propelled by several drivetrains operating independently or vehicles capable of recharging while in motion. |
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(4) |
As it may be unclear at the time of certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values whether a vehicle will be a vocational vehicle or not, all simulations for vehicles in the concerned groups should be simulated on all mission profiles. The correct allocation of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values should thus be made depending on the status of the registration of the vehicle. |
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(5) |
As equipping vehicles with efficient wheel ends makes a positive impact on CO2 emissions, a new procedure is introduced to allow for the certification of efficient wheel ends in order to ensure that their high efficiency is reflected in the determination CO2 and fuel consumption values. |
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(6) |
The procedure for determining the air drag performances of vehicles should be reinforced in order to improve its repeatability and reproducibility and, in order to reduce the testing burden and to ensure that features improving aerodynamic performances can be effectively certified it should be complemented with a new process relying on computational fluid dynamics simulation. |
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(7) |
As the on-road verification testing procedure proved to be an important tool for the verification of calculations of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of medium and heavy lorries, it should also apply to heavy buses, with certain adjustments to reflect the complexity of the frequent multi-step production of such vehicles. |
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(8) |
As new technologies will be covered by this Regulation, notably for medium lorries, conflicting obligations between Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 and the Worldwide Harmonised Light-duty Vehicles Test Procedures for the purpose of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values as prescribed in Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (4) should be avoided. Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 should be amended accordingly to ensure that no medium lorries are tested under two different regimes for the purpose of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values. |
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(9) |
In order to provide Member States, national authorities and economic operators with sufficient time to prepare for the application of the rules introduced by this Regulation, its date of application should be deferred. |
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(10) |
In order to allow for an early application of the Regulation, in particular for technologies newly covered by this amendment, it should be possible to obtain a licence to operate the simulation tool and to receive a certification for components in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as amended by this Regulation as of the entry into force. |
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(11) |
The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Technical Committee – Motor Vehicles, |
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
Article 12 is amended as follows:
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(2) |
Article 13 is amended as follows:
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(3) |
Article 14 is amended as follows:
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(4) |
in Article 15, paragraph 1, the following indent is added:
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(5) |
in Article 16, paragraph 2, the following indent is added:
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(6) |
in Article 17, paragraph 2, the following indent is added:
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(7) |
in Article 18, paragraph 1, the following indent is added to the first subparagraph:
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(8) |
in Article 22, point 1, the second paragraph is amended as follows:
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(9) |
Article 24 is replaced by the following: ‘Article 24 Application of the requirements Without prejudice to Article 10(3) of this Regulation, where the obligations referred to in Article 9 of this Regulation have not been complied with, Member States shall consider certificates of conformity for type approved vehicles to be no longer valid for the purposes of Article 48 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, and, for type approved vehicles and individually approved vehicles, shall prohibit the registration, sale or entry into service of vehicles in groups 1s, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 31 to 40, 53 and 54.’ |
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(10) |
Annex I is amended as set out in Annex I to this Regulation; |
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(11) |
Annex III is amended as set out in Annex II to this Regulation; |
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(12) |
Annex IV is amended as set out in Annex III to this Regulation; |
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(13) |
Annex V is amended as set out in Annex IV to this Regulation; |
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(14) |
Annex VI is amended as set out in Annex V to this Regulation; |
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(15) |
the text in Annex VI to this Regulation is inserted as Annex VIIa; |
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(16) |
Annex VIII is amended as set out in Annex VII to this Regulation; |
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(17) |
Annex IX is amended as set out in Annex VIII to this Regulation; |
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(18) |
Annex Xa is amended as set out in Annex IX to this Regulation; |
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(19) |
Annex Xb is amended as set out in Annex X to this Regulation. |
Article 2
Article 3 of Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in paragraph 1, second subparagraph, the second sentence is deleted; |
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(2) |
paragraph 3 is replaced by the following: ‘3. In order to receive an extension of the EU type-approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions type-approved under this Regulation with a reference mass exceeding 2 380 kg but not exceeding 2 610 kg, the manufacturer shall meet the requirements set out in Section 5 of Annex VIII unless CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values for such vehicles are determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.’ |
Article 3
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
This Regulation shall apply from 1 January 2026.
Point (21) of Annex X shall apply as from 1 March 2025.
Notwithstanding the second and the third paragraphs, from 12 March 2025, approval authorities shall not refuse to grant certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/2400, as amended by this Regulation. From 12 March 2025 Member States shall not prohibit registration, placing on the market and entry into service of a new vehicle, where the vehicle concerned complies with Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 and Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, as amended by this Regulation, if a manufacturer so requests.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 7 February 2025.
For the Commission
The President
Ursula VON DER LEYEN
(1) OJ L 188, 18.7.2009, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2009/595/oj.
(2) Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 of 12 December 2017 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (OJ L 349, 29.12.2017, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/2400/oj).
(3) Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/1379 of 5 July 2022 amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of medium and heavy lorries and heavy buses and to introduce electric vehicles and other new technologies (OJ L 212, 12.8.2022, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1379/oj).
(4) Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 of 25 May 2011 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and amending Annexes I and III to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 167, 25.6.2011, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/582/oj).
ANNEX I
Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in point 1.1, Table 1 is replaced by the following: ‘Table 1 Vehicle groups for heavy lorries
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(2) |
point 2.3 is amended as follows:
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(*1) EMS - European Modular System
(*2) In these vehicle classes tractors are treated as rigid lorries but with specific curb weight of tractor
ANNEX II
Annex III to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in point 2, the following points are added:
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(2) |
in point 3, first paragraph, the first sentence is replaced by the following: ‘In Tables 1 to 17 the sets of input parameters to be provided regarding the characteristics of the vehicle are specified.’; |
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(3) |
Table 1 is amended as follows:
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(4) |
Table 2 is amended as follows:
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(5) |
Table 3 is amended as follows:
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(6) |
Table 3a is amended as follows:
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(7) |
Table 4 is amended as follows:
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(8) |
Table 5 is amended as follows:
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(9) |
Table 6 is amended as follows:
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(10) |
Table 7 is replaced by the following: ‘Table 7 General input parameters for HEV, PEV and FCHV
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(11) |
Table 8 is amended as follows:
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(12) |
in Table 9, the following paragraph is added after the introductory paragraph: ‘Separate entry for each individual powertrain in the case of multiple mechanically independent powertrains in accordance with point 10.1.4.’; |
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(13) |
Table 10 is replaced by the following: ‘Table 10 Input parameters per REESS (Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle)
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(14) |
the following table is inserted after Table 11: ‘Table 11a Input parameters per fuel cell system (Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle) One or two different fuel cell systems, each may have up to 3 identical units installed.
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(15) |
point 6 is replaced by the following:
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(16) |
point 6.2. is replaced by the following:
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(17) |
point 10 is replaced by the following:
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(18) |
in point 10.1.1 the following paragraph is added: ‘In the case of a FCHV:
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(19) |
in point 10.1.2 the first paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘Where the configuration of the vehicle’s powertrain in accordance with point 10.1.1 is ‘P’, ‘S’, ‘F’ or ‘E’, the position of the EM installed in the vehicle’s powertrain shall be determined in accordance with the definitions set out in Table 14.’; |
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(20) |
Table 14 is amended as follows:
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(21) |
in Table 15, the following entry is added:
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(22) |
the following point is inserted after Table 15:
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(23) |
the following table is inserted after point 10.1.4: ‘Table 15a Valid inputs of powertrain architecture into the simulation tool
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(24) |
the following points are added after point 11.5:
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(25) |
in Appendix 1, Table 1 is amended as follows:
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(1) Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 April 2024 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, with respect to their emissions and battery durability (Euro 7), amending Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (OJ L, 2024/1257, 8.5.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1257/oj).
(2) ‘normal vehicle operation’ shall exclude any significant limitation of operation (e.g. ‘limp home operation’ shall not be considered normal vehicle operation).’;
(3) ‘Yes’ (i.e. axle component present) only in the case that both parameters ‘DifferentialIncluded’ and ‘DesignTypeWheelMotor’ are set to ‘false’ ’;
(*1) The specified values for fusable assume that the tank has an internal heating system that is activated when the minimum pressure is reached. Where there is no such in-tank heating system, the manufacturer shall apply, upon approval from the approval authority, a lower value for fusable.’
ANNEX III
Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in point 2 the following subpoint is added:
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(2) |
point 3 is amended as follows:
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ANNEX IV
Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in point 3.1.2, the following paragraph is added: ‘If an engine of the engine CO2 family, defined in accordance with Appendix 3, is installed in a vehicle equipped with an on-board device for the monitoring and recording of fuel and/or energy consumption and mileage of motor vehicles, in accordance with the requirements referred to in point (b) of Article 5c of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009, the test engine shall be equipped with this on-board device.’; |
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(2) |
in point 3.1.6.2, the heading of the table ‘Table 1’ is replaced by ‘Table 1a’; |
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(3) |
point 3.2. is amended as follows:
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(4) |
in point 3.2.1, first paragraph, the second sentence is replaced by the following: ‘One of the two reference fuels shall always be B7 or B100 and the other reference fuel shall be G25, GR, LPG Fuel B or Hydrogen.’; |
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(5) |
in point 3.5., Table 2, the row ‘Fuel mass flow for gaseous fuels’ is replaced by the following:
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(6) |
in point 4.3.3.1, the paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘In addition to the provisions defined in Annex 4 to UN Regulation No 49, the actual fuel mass flow consumed by the engine in accordance with paragraph 3.4 and the data referred to in point 4.3.5.3(5)(a) in application to the WHTC test shall be recorded.’; |
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(7) |
in point 4.3.4.1, the paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘In addition to the provisions defined in Annex 4 to UN Regulation No 49, the actual fuel mass flow consumed by the engine in accordance with paragraph 3.4 and the data referred to in point 4.3.5.3(5)(a) in application to the WHSC test shall be recorded.’; |
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(8) |
in point 4.3.5.3, the first paragraph, the following subpoint is added after subpoint (4):
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(9) |
in point 5.3.3.1., Table 4, the following entries are added:
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(10) |
in point 6.1.9 the following text is added: ‘In case of a diesel engine tested with a reference fuel type of B100 in accordance with point 3.2, “Diesel B100 CI” shall be the input to the engine pre-processing tool’; |
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(11) |
in Appendix 2, Part 1, is amended as follows:
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(12) |
in Appendix 3, the following points are added after point 1.10.1:
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(13) |
Appendix 4 is amended as follows:
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(14) |
in Appendix 7, Table 1a, the row ‘FuelType’ is replaced by the following:
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ANNEX V
Annex VI to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
the point 4.1.7.2 after point 4.2.7.1 is replaced by the following:
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(2) |
the following point is added after point 6.1.2.1:
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(3) |
in point 7.6, the second sentence is replaced by the following: ‘Only one transmission per family shall be tested.’; |
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(4) |
in point 7.10, the first sentence is replaced by the following: ‘Notwithstanding point 7.6, if the result of a test performed in accordance with point 8 is higher than the one specified in point 8.1.3., three additional transmissions from the same family shall be tested.’; |
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(5) |
in Appendix 9, the second ‘Stall point’ section is replaced by the following: ‘Stall point:
μ(v0) = 1,8/vs ’; |
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(6) |
in Appendix 12, Table 1, in row ‘DifferentialIncluded’, in column ‘Description/Reference’ the following text is added: ‘This input parameter is only required for front wheel driven vehicles.’. |
ANNEX VI
‘ANNEX VIIA
Certification procedure for testing wheel ends
1. Introduction and definitions
1.1 Introduction
This Annex describes the certification procedure regarding the friction losses of wheel ends for non-driven axle applications. The certification of wheel ends on driven axles is included in the procedure laid down in Annex VII.
Alternatively to the certification of wheel ends, the standard friction losses of wheel ends as set out in point 6 can be applied for the purpose of the determination of vehicle specific CO2 emissions.
1.2 Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex the following definitions shall apply:
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(1) |
‘wheel bearing’ means the bearings that are used to support one wheel end in a vehicle. |
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(2) |
‘wheel end’ means the assembly of components that establish the connection between the wheel and the axle, which includes the wheel bearings, seals and lubricants as well as the wheel hub, if available, and all other components relevant to the rotational friction, and may exclude the brake disc and wheel flange. |
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(3) |
‘radial load’ means the load applied to the wheel end perpendicular and vertically to the shaft axis. |
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(4) |
‘axial load’ means the load applied to the wheel end in the direction of the shaft axis considering the dynamic wheel radius. |
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(5) |
‘load line position’ means the position on the wheel end through which the radial load is applied. |
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(6) |
‘wheel end manufacturer’ means the legal entity that produces the wheel end. |
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(7) |
‘wheel end family’ means a manufacturer's grouping of wheel ends which through their design, as set out in point 2.3, have similar design characteristics and CO2 and fuel consumption properties. |
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(8) |
‘customer’ means the legal entity that sells the vehicle or axle in which the wheel end is installed. |
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(9) |
‘testing entity’ means the legal entity responsible for testing the wheel end, either the wheel end manufacturer or a third-party. |
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(10) |
‘seal’ means the part of the wheel bearing designed to prevent the intrusion of particles or liquids in the wheel bearing, or to prevent lubricant leakage. |
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(11) |
‘clearance’ means the total distance through which one bearing ring can be moved relative to the other in the axial direction. |
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(12) |
‘preload’ means the negative operating clearance in the wheel bearing. |
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(13) |
‘inner ring’ means the ring or rings of the wheel bearings with smaller diameter than the outer ring. |
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(14) |
‘outer ring’ means the ring or rings of the wheel bearings with greater diameter than the inner ring. |
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(15) |
‘measurement’ means the measurement of friction losses in the wheel end expressed as a friction torque in Nm. |
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(16) |
‘bearing rated load’ means the maximum design load as defined in the wheel bearing specifications. |
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(17) |
‘pitch diameter’ means the distance in a wheel bearing between the geometrical centre of two rolling elements when the two rolling elements are diametrically opposed. |
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(18) |
‘run-in procedure’ means the procedure of conditioning an unused wheel end under load in order to bring it to a state of representative in-use conditions. |
2. General requirements
2.1 Wheel end selection
The wheel ends used for the verification of friction loss measurements shall be new.
They shall be the same wheel ends as defined by specifications, as intended for series production, and as will be installed in the customer’s applications.
These specifications include, but are not limited to, the dimensions, the materials, the surfaces’ quality and treatments, the numbers of rollers, the seal, the lubricant’s type, quality, and quantity as well as any other characteristic relevant for the friction of the wheel end.
2.2 Number of wheel ends to test
For the purpose of the CO2 certification of a wheel end family, at least four different wheel ends from the family parent shall be tested according to the procedures described in points 3. and 4. using for each the same speed and load target steps.
2.3 Parameters defining a wheel end family
The following criteria shall be the same to all members of a wheel end family:
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rolling elements’ quantity; |
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rolling elements’ diameter within ± 0,5mm (when measured perpendicular and at the centre of the long axis); |
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rolling elements’ length within ± 1mm (when measured along the long axis); |
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pitch diameter within ±1mm; |
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number of rows; |
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outer ring contact angle with the rolling elements with ± 1deg; |
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the lubricant type: oil or grease; |
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load-line position (in the case the family parent is not tested at the indicated position in Figure 2). |
2.4 Choice of the wheel end family parent
The family parent of a wheel end family shall be the member with the highest friction.
If a family has more than one member, the testing entity shall justify the choice of the family parent based on the component properties.
The bearing rated load for the family shall be the highest bearing rated load of all family members.
For each family member, the testing entity shall provide quantifiable data on:
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the seals performance (e.g. friction losses); |
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the lubrication (oil or grease) performance (e.g. viscosity); |
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the preload / clearance range (e.g. maximum and minimum). |
The approval authority may request the testing entity to provide additional justification, including by means of simulations or calculations, when it considers that the properties listed in the fourth paragraph are sufficient to justify the choice of the family.
2.5 Run-in
The testing entity shall apply a run-in procedure on the wheel ends.
The run-in procedure shall use the same test set up and have the same requirements as for the measurements of friction losses.
2.5.1 Run-in procedure
The run-in procedure shall comprise of four successive phases.
During the first phase, the wheel end shall be run clockwise at a constant speed of 300 rpm with a radial load applied corresponding to 50 % of the bearing rated load for a duration of 60 ±2 minutes.
During the second phase, the wheel end shall be run counterclockwise at a constant speed of 300 rpm with a radial load applied corresponding to 50 % of the bearing rated load for a duration of 60 ±2 minutes.
During the third phase, the wheel end shall be run clockwise at a constant speed of 500 rpm with a radial load applied corresponding to 100 % of the bearing rated load for a duration of 660 ±2 minutes.
During the fourth phase, the wheel end shall be run counterclockwise at a constant speed of 500 rpm with a radial load applied corresponding to 100 % of the bearing rated load for a duration of 660 ±2 minutes.
The run-in procedure shall be documented by the testing entity with regard to run-time, speed, radial load, and bearing temperature, and reported to the approval authority.
2.6 Lubricant
2.6.1 Lubricant requirements
The lubricant type, quality and quantity shall be the same as defined by specifications, as intended for series production, and as will be in customer’s applications.
If the wheel end manufacturer is not delivering lubricant with the wheel bearing, the customer shall provide the necessary information on the lubricant that will be used in the final application to allow accurate testing of the wheel end.
2.6.2 Oil lubricant
If the lubricant is of the oil type, the oil level within the bearing shall be as defined in the axle specifications. In the absence of a specification the maximum geometrically possible oil level of the axle shall be applied.
2.7 Operating clearance/Preload
If the bearing operating clearance/preload can be adjusted, the clearance/preload used for testing the wheel bearing shall be set at the arithmetic mean of the clearance/preload range defined in the specifications, within a tolerance of ±20 μm.
2.8 Seals
The seals used for testing the wheel end shall be the same as defined by the specifications, as intended for series production, and as will be installed in the customer’s applications.
If the wheel end manufacturer is not delivering seals with the wheel end, the customer shall provide the necessary information on the seals that will be used in the final application to allow accurate testing of the wheel end.
3. Testing procedure for wheel ends
3.1 Test conditions
3.1.1 Ambient temperature
The temperature in the test cell shall be maintained at 25 °C ± 10 °C. The ambient temperature shall be measured within a distance of 1 metre to the wheel bearing’s outer ring and documented in the test report. It shall be a target temperature for the testing entity, of which systematic deviations across tests are not allowed.
3.1.2 Wheel bearing temperature
The wheel bearing temperature shall be measured on the bore-side of the inner ring located on the inner-side of the vehicle. During measurements, the wheel bearing temperature shall be kept at a maximum of 60 °C. For that purpose, air cooling may be applied in accordance with section 3.3.5.
3.2 Test set-up
The test set-up shall be as illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Simplified schematic of the test set-up
3.2.1 Installation of torque, load, temperature, and speed measuring devices
Torque measuring devices shall be installed in order to measure friction losses in the wheel end, and in such a way that parasitic effects are minimized.
A speed measuring device shall be installed to measure the rotational speed of the wheel end.
A temperature measuring device shall be installed to measure the temperature of the bore-side of the inner ring on the inner-side of the vehicle.
A load measuring device shall be installed to measure the radial load applied on the wheel end.
3.2.2 Test set-up
The test set-up shall consist of an electric machine used to apply a rotational speed to the wheel end, and of a device capable of applying a radial load onto the wheel end.
The wheel end shall be installed such that the outer ring of the wheel bearing is rotating and used for speed input, while the inner ring is not rotating.
Gearings and couplings are allowed between the electric machine and the wheel end, provided that they do not influence the results of the measurements.
3.2.3 Measurement equipment
The calibration laboratory facilities shall comply with the requirements of either IATF 16949, ISO 9000 series or ISO/IEC 17025. All laboratory reference measurement equipment, used for calibration and/or verification, shall be traceable to national (international) standards.
The measurement accuracies set in points 3.2.3.1 to 3.2.3.4 shall concern the complete measurement chain, including sensors and additional sources of inaccuracy. The specified tolerances for uncertainty shall not be used for systematic deviations when measurement instruments are applied with higher accuracy.
3.2.3.1 Friction torque
The uncertainty of the torque measurement for the measurement of the wheel end’s friction torque shall not exceed ± 0,2 Nm.
In the case of a higher uncertainty, the measurements shall be calculated as set out in point 3.4.6.
3.2.3.2 Radial load
The uncertainty of the load measurement for the measurement of radial load applied on the wheel end shall not exceed ± 1 kN.
If the radial load is applied as a mass, this shall be converted by applying the gravitational constant of 9,81 N/kg.
3.2.3.3 Rotational speed
The uncertainty of the rotational speed measurement for the measurement of the wheel end speed shall not exceed ± 2,5 rpm.
3.2.3.4 Temperatures
The uncertainty of the temperature measurement for the measurement of the ambient temperature shall not exceed ± 2 °C.
The uncertainty of the temperature measurement for the measurement of wheel bearing temperature shall not exceed ± 2 °C.
3.2.4 Measurement signals and data recording
The following signals shall be recorded for the purpose of the calculation of the friction torque losses:
|
(a) |
Input rotational speed [rpm] |
|
(b) |
Wheel end friction torque [Nm] |
|
(c) |
Applied radial load [kN] |
|
(d) |
Bearing temperature [°C] |
|
(e) |
Ambient temperature [°C] |
The following minimum sampling frequencies of the sensors shall be applied:
|
(a) |
Friction torque: 300 Hz |
|
(b) |
Rotational speed: 100 Hz |
|
(c) |
Temperatures: 10 Hz |
|
(d) |
Load: 10 Hz |
The raw data of the friction torque shall be filtered by a suitable low-pass filter such as a Butterworth 2nd order filter with a cut-off frequency of 0,1 Hz. Filtering of the other signals may be applied in agreement with the approval authority. Any aliasing effect shall be avoided.
The raw data shall not be reported.
3.3 Test procedure
To determine the torque loss map for a wheel end, the grid points of the friction torque loss map data shall be measured as specified in point 3.4.
The measurement of a grid point may only be repeated if there is a technical justified reason to do so such as the failure of a measurement sensor. This repetition shall be recorded in the test report. The total testing of one wheel end sample, from initiating the run-in until concluding the last grid point, shall be concluded within a maximum of 55 hours, otherwise the test of the sample will be void.
3.3.1 Radial load range
The friction loss map shall be measured with radial loads corresponding to 25 %, 50 %, and 100 % of the bearing rated load.
The target loads shall be reported by the testing entity together with the actual measured load.
3.3.2 Radial load line position
The radial load shall be applied onto the wheel end at its centre, so that the load line position is at the centre of the wheel bearing within ± 0,5 mm. The centre of the wheel bearing is determined as the middle of the outside positions of the inner WB rings (see Figure 2).
Figure 2
Determination of Load Line Position
At the request of the manufacturer and with the approval of the approval authority the load line position may be chosen outside the centre of the bearing. In this case the manufacturer has to provide evidence that this load line position corresponds to the application of the wheel end.
3.3.3 Axial load
For the purpose of these the measurements set out under this point, no axial load shall be applied onto the wheel ends.
3.3.4 Rotational speed range
The wheel end shall be tested at 250 and 500 rpm. All rotational speed points shall be measured in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction in accordance with the testing sequence specified in point 3.4.1. The results may be reported as the average measured values of the clockwise and counterclockwise direction.
3.3.5 Cooling and heating
The wheel end may be air cooled by a fan using ambient air at ambient temperature as defined in point 3.1.1. Other external cooling or heating shall not be allowed. In the case that air cooling is used, the same cooling condition shall be applied for all tested wheel ends at all grid points.
3.4 Measurement of friction torque loss maps
3.4.1 Testing sequence
The testing sequence to be applied depends on the measurement configuration of the test set-up.
In the case that the measurement configuration is such that the radial load and the friction torque are both determined individually by dedicated torque measurement device, the wheel end testing shall follow Testing sequence A as described in point 3.4.1.1.
In the case that the measurement configuration is such that the radial load and the friction torque are determined simultaneously by the same torque measurement device, the wheel end testing shall follow Testing sequence B as described in point 3.4.1.2.
If, based upon the functional descriptions referred to in the second and third paragraphs, the testing entity cannot judge which test sequence shall be used, Testing sequence A shall be applied.
3.4.1.1 Testing sequence A
The friction measurements of the grid points shall start at the highest radial load downwards to the lowest radial load, while at each load step first the highest and then the lowest rotational speed shall be tested. Once the grid point at the lowest load and lowest rotational speed has been measured, the rotational direction on the wheel end is reversed and the previously described sequence is repeated.
The testing sequence is shown schematically in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Testing sequence scheme A
3.4.1.2 Testing sequence B
The friction measurements of the grid points shall start at the highest radial load and the highest rotational speed. Then the rotational direction is reversed and then the same load/speed point is measured. While keeping the same load, the rotational direction is again reversed and the friction is measured at the lower rotational speed. This load/speed point is also measured in both rotational directions. The previously described sequence is repeated for the 50 % and 25 % radial load settings.
The testing sequence is shown schematically in Figure 4.
Figure 4
Testing sequence scheme B
3.4.2 Stabilisation and measurement duration
For each grid point the testing entity shall allow for a stabilisation period of 117±2 minutes before starting the measurement. In addition, the following stabilisation periods shall be applied:
|
— |
For Testing sequence A: Before the first grid point and before the seventh grid point (after the rotational direction has been reversed) the stabilisation period shall be extended by an additional 60±2 minutes. The stabilisation times are indicated in Figure 3. |
|
— |
For Testing sequence B: Before the first grid point the stabilisation period shall be extended by an additional 60±2 minutes. Before the fifth and the nineth grid point the stabilisation period shall be extended by an additional 30±2 minutes. The stabilisation times are indicated in Figure 4. |
The friction for each single grid point shall be measured during the last 180 seconds of the corresponding constant speed phase. In the case that the stabilisation criterion as described in section 3.4.3 is not fulfilled during the last 180 seconds of the grid point, the measurement may be taken from the first earlier uninterrupted segment of 180 seconds where the stabilisation criterion was fulfilled.
In the case that the test set-up is equipped with a support of the wheel end by means of a support bearing, which is required to be rotated in both directions during the measurement of each grid point, the friction shall be measured during the last 180 seconds of the clockwise rotation of the support bearing and during the last 180 seconds of the counterclockwise rotation of the support bearing.
3.4.3 Stabilisation criterion
The stabilisation criterion shall be met when the standard deviation of friction torque during measurement does not exceed 15 % of the mean value or 0,4 Nm, whichever value is the highest.
3.4.4 Averaging of grid points
For every individual sample, all recorded values for each grid point shall be averaged to an arithmetic mean over the measurement duration. Next, these arithmetic mean values of the same grid point shall be averaged over all samples to one arithmetic mean value per grid point.
3.4.5 Measurement validation
For each grid point:
|
— |
The wheel end speed value before averaging shall not deviate from the set value by more than ± 5 rpm; |
|
— |
The radial load value before averaging shall not deviate from the set value by more than ± 2 kN; |
|
— |
No systematic deviation from the set values is allowed. |
If the above specified criteria are not met, the measurement of the respective grid point is void. In this case, the measurement for the entire affected speed and load step shall be repeated, and the reason for voiding the grid point shall be recorded in the test report. After passing the repeated measurement, the data shall be consolidated.
3.4.6 Assessment of total uncertainty of the torque loss
In the case that the uncertainties on the measured friction torque are below the limit set in point 3.2.3.1, the reported friction torque loss shall be regarded as equal to the measured friction torque losses.
In the case of higher uncertainties, the part of the uncertainty exceeding the limit shall be added to the measured friction torque losses.
The final wheel end friction torque loss at a given speed and load shall thus be calculated as follows:
Where:
|
— |
Treported is the calculated friction torque loss at a given speed and load reported for the CO2 certification of wheel ends [Nm]; |
|
— |
Tmeasured is the measured friction torque loss according to section 3.4.4 at a given speed and load [Nm]; |
|
— |
Ut is the absolute value of the torque uncertainty (>0), expressed in Nm; |
|
— |
Ulimit is 0,2 Nm. |
3.5 Calculation of the friction value for certification
For the calculation of the final friction value for the wheel end, the grid points of the reported torque loss map shall first be averaged for all the wheel end samples in accordance with section 0, corrected in accordance with section 3.4.6, if applicable, and then weighted according to Table 1 for non-driven axle wheel end applications.
Table 1
Weighting factors for non-driven axle applications
|
|
250 rpm |
500 rpm |
|
25 % load |
0,4 % |
2,4 % |
|
50 % load |
7,9 % |
35,3 % |
|
100 % load |
9,5 % |
44,5 % |
3.6 Declaration of the certified friction value
The wheel end manufacturer may declare the weighted average friction as calculated in section 3.5 as the certified value for the wheel end family. Alternatively, the wheel end manufacturer has the option to declare any higher friction value. The declared friction value shall be rounded to 1 place to the right of the decimal point.
4. Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel related properties
Every wheel end certified in accordance with this Annex shall be so manufactured as to conform, with regard to the description as given in the certification form and its annexes, to the approved type. The conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties procedures shall comply with those set out in Article 31 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858.
Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties shall be checked on the basis of the description in the certificate set out in Appendix 1 and the specific conditions laid down in this point.
The wheel end manufacturer shall test, at least every second year from the date of the family parent’s certification, the number of wheel end families shown in Table 2. The number of wheel end families to be tested depends on the production volumes of the year previous to the year when the conformity of production testing is due.
At least two wheel ends of the same family member shall be tested.
Table 2
Sample size for conformity testing
|
Production number |
Number of wheel end families to be tested |
|
0 – 100 000 |
2 |
|
100 001 – 150 000 |
3 |
|
150 001 – 250 000 |
4 |
|
250 001 and more |
5 |
5. Production conformity testing
For conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties testing, the wheel end manufacturer shall apply the same procedure as described in point 3, including the run-in procedure and validation criteria.
5.1 Conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties test assessment
A conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties test is passed when the weighted average friction value from the conformity testing is lower or equal to the declared friction value for wheel end family, with an allowed tolerance margin of +10 %.
If the production conformity testing is not passed, three additional wheel ends shall be tested using the same procedure. The recorded values of all tested ends, including the three additional wheel ends, shall be averaged for each grid point to an arithmetic mean. If the conformity of production test is again not passed, the provisions set out in Article 23 shall apply.
If a family member proves to have higher friction than the family parent, the family member shall be reclassified into another wheel end family, and require a new certification.
6. Standard friction torque loss
The standard friction loss for non-driven axle applications shall be 4,8 Nm.
‘Appendix 1
MODEL OF A CERTIFICATE OF A COMPONENT, SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNIT OR SYSTEM
Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm)
CERTIFICATE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF A WHEEL END FAMILY
|
Communication concerning:
|
Administration stamp |
of a certificate on CO2 emission and fuel consumption related properties of a wheel end family in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as last amended by …
Certification number:
Hash:
Reason for extension:
|
1 |
Delete where not applicable |
SECTION I
|
1. |
Make (trade name of manufacturer): |
|
2. |
Type: |
|
3. |
Name and address of manufacturer: |
|
4. |
Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): |
|
5. |
Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any) |
SECTION II
|
1. |
Additional information (where applicable): see Addendum |
|
2. |
Approval authority responsible for carrying out the tests: |
|
3. |
Date of test report |
|
4. |
Number of test report |
|
5. |
Remarks (if any): see Addendum |
|
6. |
Place |
|
7. |
Date |
|
8. |
Signature |
Attachments:
|
1. |
Information document |
|
2. |
Test report |
‘Appendix 2
WHEEL END INFORMATION DOCUMENT
|
Information document No: … |
Issue: … Date of issue: … Date of Amendment: … |
pursuant to …
Wheel end type and family (if applicable): …
GENERAL
|
1. |
Name and address of manufacturer: |
|
2. |
Make (trade name of manufacturer): |
|
3. |
Wheel end type: |
|
4. |
Axle type: |
|
5. |
Wheel end family (if applicable): |
|
6. |
Commercial name(s) (if available): |
|
7. |
Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s): |
|
8. |
Name and address of the manufacturer's representative: |
PART 1
Essential characteristics of the (parent) wheel end and the wheel end types within a wheel end family
|
Specific wheel end characteristics |
Parent wheel end |
Family member |
||
|
#1 |
#2 |
#3 |
||
|
Rolling elements’ quantity |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
Rolling elements’ diameter |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
Rolling elements’ length |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
Pitch diameter |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
Number of rows |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
Outer ring contact angle with the rolling elements |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
Lubricant type |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
Load-line position |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
Rated load |
… |
… |
… |
… |
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
|
No |
Description |
Date of issue |
|
1 |
Seal performance |
… |
|
2 |
Lubrication performance |
… |
|
3 |
Preload or clearance range |
… |
|
4 |
List of part numbers for wheel end components |
… |
ANNEX VII
Annex VIII to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
|
(1) |
in point 2, the following subpoint is added:
|
|
(2) |
point 3 is replaced by the following:
|
|
(3) |
point 3.2.2., the first sentence is replaced by the following:
|
|
(4) |
in point 3.2.5., subpoints (i) and (ii) are replaced by the following:
|
|
(5) |
point 3.3.1.7. is replaced by the following:
|
|
(6) |
the following point is inserted after point 3.3.1.8.:
|
|
(7) |
point 3.5.2. is replaced by the following:
|
|
(8) |
in point 3.5.3.1., subpoint (vii), the second indent is replaced by the following:
|
|
(9) |
in point 3.5.3.4., the following paragraph is added: ‘Any usage of the mechanical service brake during the parts of the test set out in this point and in point 3.5.3.5 invalidates the whole test. If specific vehicle settings are required to ensure that no activation of the service brake occurs during these parts, the manufacturer shall provide, upon request, the approval authority, the Commission, a market surveillance authority or a third party complying with the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2022/163 with the details of these settings to ensure that the test may be reproduced independently from the manufacturer.’; |
|
(10) |
point 3.5.3.5. is amended as follows:
|
|
(11) |
point 3.5.3.8. is replaced by the following:
The same provisions as for the first low speed test shall be fulfilled.’; |
|
(12) |
point 3.11. is deleted; |
|
(13) |
in point 3.9, in Table 5 the following row is added:
|
|
(14) |
in Appendix 1, Section II, the last paragraph ‘Information package. Test report.’ is replaced by the following:
|
|
(15) |
in Appendix 2, Part I, the following section is added: Attachment 2 to Information Document ‘ Information on the application of the CFD method (if applicable)
|
|
(16) |
in Appendix 5 is amended as follows:
|
|
(17) |
Appendix 6 is amended as follows:
|
|
(18) |
in Appendix 9, Table 1 is amended as follows:
|
|
(19) |
the following Appendices are added after Appendix 9: ‘Appendix 10 Approval of the CFD method
Appendix 11 MODEL OF A LICENCE TO APPLY A CFD METHOD FOR AIR DRAG DETERMINATION Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm) LICENCE TO APPLY A CFD METHOD FOR AIR DRAG DETERMINATION
of the licence to apply a CFD method with regard to air drag determination in accordance with Annex VIII to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. CFD method licence number (following the numbering system set out in point 2 of Appendix 8, with the exception of the additional letter to section 3 ‘P’ replaced by ‘CFD’): Reason for refusal / withdrawal: SECTION I
SECTION II
Attachments (for each vehicle configuration A and B)
Test reports for each valid constant speed test |
(1) delete if not applicable
ANNEX VIII
Annex IX to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
|
(1) |
point 2 is amended as follows:
|
|
(2) |
in point 3.3.2, in Table 7, in row ‘Alternator’, in sub-row ‘Alternator Technology’, in column ‘Explanations’ the last sentence is replaced by the following:
|
|
(3) |
in point 3.4.1.2, in Table 10, the ‘Compressor clutch (P311)’ column is replaced by the following:
|
|
(4) |
in point 3.5.2, Table 14 is amended as follows:
|
|
(5) |
point 3.6 is amended as follows:
|
ANNEX IX
Annex Xa to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
|
(1) |
in point 1, the first, the second and the third paragraphs are replaced by the following: ‘This Annex sets out the requirements for the verification testing procedure, which is the test procedure for verifying the CO2 emissions of new heavy-duty vehicles. The verification testing procedure consists of an on-road test to verify the CO2 emissions of new vehicles after production. It shall be carried out by the vehicle manufacturer and supervised by the approval authority that granted the licence to operate the simulation tool. In case of heavy buses the verification testing procedure shall be performed by the manufacturer of the primary vehicle. During the verification testing procedure the torque and speed at the driven wheels, the engine speed, the fuel consumption, the pollutant emissions and the other relevant parameters listed in point 6.1.6 shall be measured. The measured data shall be used as input to the simulation tool, which uses the vehicle-related input data and the input information from the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle. For the verification testing procedure simulation, the instantaneously measured wheel torque and the rotational speed of the wheels as well as the engine speed shall be used as input. To pass the verification testing procedure the CO2 emissions calculated from the measured fuel consumption shall be within the tolerances set out in point 7 compared to the CO2 emissions from the verification testing procedure simulation. Figure 1 gives a schematic picture of the verification testing procedure method. The evaluation steps as performed by the simulation tool in the verification testing procedure simulation are described in Appendix 1 of this Annex.’; |
|
(2) |
in point 2, point (4) is replaced by the following:
|
|
(3) |
point 3 is amended as follows:
|
|
(4) |
in point 4, the first paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘Each vehicle for the verification test shall be in the condition resembling its intended placing on the market. No changes in hardware such as lubricants or in the software such as auxiliary controllers are allowed. The tyres may be replaced by measurement tyres of a diameter that shall not exceed ± 10 % of the diameter of the original tyre.’; |
|
(5) |
in point 5.6, the following paragraph is added: ‘For heavy buses the status of the compressor of the pneumatic system shall be recorded. Phases where pressurised air is delivered to the reservoir shall be labelled in the measurement data according to the provisions as given in Table 4 of this Annex. The compressor status shall be monitored either via recording of the system pressure or via available CAN signals.’; |
|
(6) |
in point 5.7, second indent, the formula, the entry ‘β’ is replaced by the following:
|
|
(7) |
in point 5.9, in Table 2, the row ‘Wheel torque’ is replaced by the following:
|
|
(8) |
the following points are inserted after point 5.11:
|
|
(9) |
in point 6.1.1, the following subparagraph is added: ‘In case of heavy buses the primary vehicle manufacturer shall make available the input information and input data as well as the manufacturer’s records file and the completed vehicle manufacturer shall make available the vehicle information file and the customer information file.’; |
|
(10) |
point 6.1.1.1 is amended as follows:
|
|
(11) |
point 6.1.1.2 is replaced by the following:
|
|
(12) |
in point 6.1.4.1. the following paragraph is added: ‘Heavy buses of the vehicle groups defined in Table 4, 5 and 6 of Annex I shall be tested with the final bodies of the complete or completed vehicle.’; |
|
(13) |
in point 6.1.4.2, the second paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘For heavy lorries of groups 1s, 1, 2 and 3, medium lorries and for heavy buses the payload shall be in the range of 55 % to 75 % of the maximum authorised weight in accordance with 96/53/EC for the specific vehicle or vehicle combination.’; |
|
(14) |
point 6.1.4.4 is replaced by the following:
|
|
(15) |
in point 6.1.5.5, the following paragraphs are added: ‘If the vehicle is equipped with fuel-powered auxiliary heaters, only the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine shall be measured. Where applicable, the recording of the vehicle total mass and engine fuel rate signals as determined by the OBFCM device shall start latest once the fuel consumption measurement has started and end together with the fuel consumption measurement. The lifetime values of the mileage and total fuel consumption, as determined by the OBFCM device, shall be recorded at the start of the fuel consumption measurement and at the end of the OBFCM fuel consumption measurement.’; |
|
(16) |
point 6.1.5.7 is amended as follows:
|
|
(17) |
point 6.1.6, Table 4 is amended as follows:
|
|
(18) |
the following point is inserted after point 6.1.6:
|
|
(19) |
point 7.1 is replaced by the following:
|
|
(20) |
in point 7.2.1, the following paragraph is inserted after the first paragraph: ‘For heavy buses the vehicle information file and the customer information file of the completed vehicle shall also be verified.’; |
|
(21) |
point 7.3 is replaced by the following:
|
|
(22) |
point 8.1.1 is replaced by the following:
(14) For heavy buses only primary vehicle manufacturer’;" |
|
(23) |
point 8.2.3 is replaced by the following:
|
|
(24) |
the following point is added after point 8.13.14.7.:
|
|
(25) |
the following points are inserted after point 8.13.14.7:
|
|
(26) |
in Appendix 1, in Part A, point 3 is replaced by the following:
Case (b) electrically driven engine cooling fans: Pfan(t) = P el(t) . 1,43
In the case of vehicles with engine stop-start events during the verification test, similar corrections for auxiliary power demand and energy to re-start the engine as applied in the declaration mode of the simulation tool are applied. The simulation of the engines instantaneous fuel consumption FCsim(t) is performed for each 0,5 second time interval as follows:
The brake specific fuel consumption calculated by the simulation tool BSFCm-c as applied in 7.2.2 for calculation of the CVTP factor is calculated as follows:
where:
In the case of dual-fuel engines, BSFCsim is determined for both fuels separately.’ |
(14) For heavy buses only primary vehicle manufacturer’;’
(1) Non linearity means the maximum deviation between ideal and actual output signal characteristics in relation to the measured value in a specific measuring range.
(2) Repeatability means closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measured value carried out under the same conditions of measurement.’
ANNEX X
Annex Xb to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 is amended as follows:
|
(1) |
in point 2, the following points are added:
|
|
(2) |
in point 3.1, in Table 1, the following rows are inserted after the row ‘Torque’:
|
|
(3) |
in point 3.1, in Table 1, the following row is inserted after the row ‘Temperature’:
|
|
(4) |
the following points are inserted after point 3.2:
|
|
(5) |
in point 4.1.3, the following paragraph is added: ‘The voltage for unlimited operating capability shall be a representative voltage range typically applied in real vehicles and shall not necessarily reflect the technically minimum/maximum allowed input voltage to the UUT, and shall not reflect extreme boundary conditions where the operating capabilities of the UUT are limited by high-level vehicle control that is not part of the actual UUT control logics (e.g. reduction of available propulsion torque of UUT due to limitations in the vehicle’s REESS).’; |
|
(6) |
the following point is inserted after point 4.1.8.4:
|
|
(7) |
point 4.2.2 is amended as follows:
|
|
(8) |
in point 4.2.2.1, the second sentence is replaced by the following: ‘That declaration shall be separately made for each forward gear of an IEPC with multispeed gearbox measured in accordance with point 4.2.2 and also for each of the two voltage levels Vmin,Test and Vmax,Test.’; |
|
(9) |
point 4.2.6.2 is replaced by the following:
|
|
(10) |
point 4.2.6.2.1 is amended as follows:
|
|
(11) |
point 4.2.6.2.2 is amended as follows:
|
|
(12) |
the following point is inserted after point 4.2.6.2.2:
|
|
(13) |
in point 4.2.6.4, the sixth paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘All operating points shall be held for an operating time of at least 5 seconds. During that operating time the rotational speed of the UUT shall be held at the rotational speed setpoint within a tolerance of ±1 % or 20 rpm whatever is larger. Additionally, during that operating time, except for the highest and lowest torque setpoint at each rotational speed setpoint, the average torque shall be held at the torque setpoint within a tolerance of ±1 % of the value of the torque setpoint or ±5 Nm (±2 % of the value of the torque setpoint or ±20 Nm in case of the UUT being an IEPC with either a gearbox and/or a differential included) whatever is larger.’; |
|
(14) |
in point 4.3.2, the following paragraph is added: ‘In the case of an IEPC with multispeed gearbox where the torque limits were determined for each forward gear in accordance with point 4.2.2(c), the manipulation step shall be done separately for each forward gear.’; |
|
(15) |
point 4.3.3 is amended as follows:
|
|
(16) |
point 4.3.4 is amended as follows:
|
|
(17) |
the following points are added after point 6.4.1:
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(18) |
Appendix 7 is replaced by the following: ‘Appendix 7 Information document for FCS
of a certificate on CO2 emission and fuel consumption related properties of an electric machine system IEPC / IHPC Type 1 / battery system / capacitor system in accordance / FCS / with Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as applicable on [date] Certification number: Hash: Reason for extension:
pursuant to … FCS type / family (if applicable):
PART 1 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE (PARENT) FCS AND THE FCS TYPES WITHIN A FCS FAMILY
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 1 to FCS information document Information on FCS test conditions:
Attachment 2 to FCS information document Boundary conditions for FCS operation in vehicles as declared by the manufacturer: This table is adopted / completed by the manufacturer according to their operation specification for FCS operation inside a vehicle. The specifications in the following table are mandatory:
Attachment 3 to FCS information document Table 1 Information on FCS certification test results in form of arithmetic mean values
Explanations regarding the table in attachment 3 to FCS information document The positions of sensors are specified in a schematic manner in figure 5. All values - except for the duration, ARS and REE - are arithmetic mean values at each OP determined over the analysis time, tanlys, defined in accordance with point 7.3.4.4 (i.e. before the averaging step of ascending and descending). For the SCOP the averaging time frame shall be defined by the same time frame length as for the analysis time and shall be located just before the transition to the subsequent OP01a. The minimum precision requirements of sensors are indicated by a type classification in the respective column in Table 2. The following types are distinguished where type I has the highest precision and type III the lowest:
If the same value is measured by more than one sensor only the numbers determined by the sensor with the higher precision shall be documented. If in the comment column the phrases “if applicable” / “if accessible” are set out, no additional sensors need to be installed. Table 2 Accuracy requirements of sensors
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(19) |
Appendix 8 is amended as follows:
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(20) |
Appendix 9 is amended as follows:
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(21) |
Appendix 10 is amended as follows:
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(22) |
Appendix 11 is replaced by the following: ‘Appendix 11 Standard values for FCS The following steps shall be performed to generate the input data for the FCS based on standard values:
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(23) |
in Appendix 12 the following points are added:
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(24) |
in Appendix 13, the following points are added:
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(25) |
in Appendix 14, point 1.4, Table 1, the following row is inserted after the row ‘B’:
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(26) |
Appendix 15 is amended as follows:
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(*1) If volume flow is metered, the accuracy shall be transferred as accuracy of mass flow measurement.’;
(1) The hydrogen fuel index is determined by subtracting the “total non-hydrogen gases” in this table, expressed in mole per cent, from 100 mole per cent.
(2) Total hydrocarbons except methane include oxygenated organic species.
(3) The sum of measured CO, HCHO and HCOOH shall not exceed 0,2 μmol/mol
(4) As a minimum, total sulfur compounds include H2S, COS, CS2 and mercaptans, which are typically found in natural gas.
(5) Test method shall be documented. Test methods defined in ISO21087 are preferable.
(6) The analysis of specific contaminants depending on the production process shall be exempted. A vehicle manufacturer shall provide the responsible authority reasons for exempting specific contaminants.
(*2) no further break-down
(7) not part of the certified energy balance, missing BoPC shall be accounted for using the methods laid down in point 7.5
(8) according to manufacturer specification which shall ensure real world like operation
(9) if applicable/mounted on FCS respectively vehicle
(10) only adaptions are allowed to enable standalone operation
(11) integration of items is optional
(12) may be part of either TMS or WTS
(13) delete if not applicable
(*3) if applicable
(*4) In accordance with point 7.2.1 and Table 9 of this Annex
(*5) declared by the manufacturer of the FCSS
(*6) The CoP test shall be performed in the first year.
(*7) Only fuel cell systems which fall under the requirements of this Regulation and which did not get standard values according to Appendix 11 shall be considered.
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/258/oj
ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)