—

having regard to the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU),

—

having regard to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’),

—

having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

—

having regard to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD),

—

having regard to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC),

—

having regard to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR),

—

having regard to the UN Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),

—

having regard to the references made in previous reports to the state of fundamental rights in the European Union,

—

having regard to Article 20 of the Charter, which states that everyone is equal before the law,

—

having regard to Article 21 of the Charter, which prohibits all forms of discrimination,

—

having regard to the obligation for the EU to accede to the European Convention on Human Rights under Article 6(2) TEU,

—

having regard to Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (1) (‘Race Equality Directive’),

—

having regard to Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation (2),

—

having regard to Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law (3),

—

having regard to Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law (4),

—

having regard to Regulation (EC) No 1367/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies (5),

—

having regard to its plenary session debate in Strasbourg on the urgent action needed to address homelessness in Europe, that took place on 13 January 2020,

—

having regard to Principle 19 of the European Pillar of Social Rights, which states that ‘access to social housing or housing assistance of good quality shall be provided for those in need’,

—

having regard to Article 31 of the Revised European Social Charter on the Right to Housing,

—

having regard to Article 34(3) of the Charter, which affirms the right to social and housing assistance in order to combat social exclusion and poverty,

—

having regard to the Commission report of 2019 on in-work poverty (6),

—

having regard to the FRA report entitled ‘Combating child poverty: an issue of fundamental rights’,

—

having regard to Resolution 2280 of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on the situation of migrants and refugees on the Greek island, of 11 April 2019 (7),

—

having regard to its legislative resolution of 4 April 2019 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+) (8),

—

having regard to Article 2 of the Revised European Social Charter on the right to just conditions of work,

—

having regard to Article 31 of the Charter on fair and just working conditions,

—

having regard to the Council recommendation of 9 April 2019 on the economic policy in the euro area (2019/C 136/01),

—

having regard to its resolution of 10 October 2019 on employment and social policies of the euro area (9),

—

having regard to the EU Youth Strategy for 2019-2027, based on the Council resolution of 26 November 2018,

—

having regard to Directive (EU) 2019/1152 of the European Parliament and the Council of 20 June 2019 on transparent and predictable working conditions in the European Union (10),

—

having regard to Directive (EU) 2019/1158 of the European Parliament and the Council of 20 June 2019 on work-life balance for parents and carers and repealing Council Directive 2010/18/EU (11),

—

having regard to the Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA (12),

—

having regard to the report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council entitled ‘Second report on the progress made in the fight against trafficking in human beings (2018) as required under Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims’ (COM(2018)0777),

—

having regard to the 8th General Report on GRETA’s Activities (13) and GRETA reports concerning the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings by all the member states (14),

—

having regard to the Communication of 28 November 2018 from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Investment Bank on ‘A Clean Planet for all: A European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate-neutral economy’ (COM(2018)0773) (15),

—

having regard to Principle 16 of the European Pillar of Social Rights, which stresses the right to timely access to affordable, preventive and curative health care of good quality,

—

having regard to its resolution of 12 April 2016 on the situation in the Mediterranean and the need for a holistic EU approach to migration (16),

—

having regard to its resolution of 5 July 2018 on guidelines for Member States to prevent humanitarian assistance from being criminalised (17),

—

having regard to its resolution of 3 May 2018 on the protection of children in migration (18),

—

having regard to the resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe of October 2014 on the alternatives to immigration detention of children (RES 2020),

—

having regard to the recommendation of the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights of June 2019 entitled ‘Lives saved. Rights protected. Bridging the protection gap for refugees and migrants in the Mediterranean’ (19),

—

having regard to the 2019 Fundamental Rights Report by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and the update of June 2019 of the FRA note entitled ‘NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and criminal investigations’ (20),

—

having regard to its resolution of 5 October 2017 on prison systems and conditions (21),

—

having regard to its resolution of 1 June 2017 on combating anti-semitism (22),

—

having regard to its resolution of 15 April 2015 on the occasion of International Roma Day — anti-Gypsyism in Europe and EU recognition of the memorial day of the Roma genocide during World War II (23),

—

having regard to its resolution of 25 October 2017 on fundamental rights aspects in Roma integration in the EU: fighting anti-Gypsyism (24),

—

having regard to its resolution of 12 February 2019 on the need for a strengthened post–2020 Strategic EU Framework for National Roma Inclusion Strategies and stepping up the fight against anti-Gypsyism (25),

—

having regard to its resolution of 17 September 2020 on the implementation of National Roma Integration Strategies: combating negative attitudes towards people with Romani background in Europe (26),

—

having regard to the FRA report entitled ‘Roma women in nine EU countries’,

—

having regard to its resolution of 3 May 2018 on media pluralism and media freedom in the European Union (27),

—

having regard to its resolution of 7 February 2018 on protection and non-discrimination with regard to minorities in the EU Member States (28),

—

having regard to its resolution of 7 July 2016 on the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, with special regard to the Concluding Observations of the UN CRPD Committee (29),

—

having regard to its resolution of 25 October 2018 on the use of Facebook users’ data by Cambridge Analytica and the impact on data protection (30),

—

having regard to its resolution of 25 October 2018 on the rise of neo-fascist violence in Europe (31),

—

having regard to its resolution of 7 October 2020 on the establishment of an EU Mechanism on Democracy, the Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights (32),

—

having regard to its legislative resolution of 17 January 2019 on the Protection of the Union's budget in case of generalised deficiencies as regards the rule of law in the Member States (33),

—

having regard to the Commission’s Communication of 17 July 2019 on strengthening the rule of law within the Union — a blueprint for action (COM(2019)0343),

—

having regard to the Commission communication of 30 September 2020 entitled ‘2020 Rule of Law Report — The rule of law situation in the European Union’ (COM(2020)0580) and its 27 accompanying country chapters on the rule of law in the Member States (SWD(2020)0300-0326), which address the impact of the COVID-19 measures taken by the Member States on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights,

—

having regard to its resolution of 14 February 2019 on the rights of intersex people (34),

—

having regard to its resolution of 14 February 2019 on the right to peaceful protest and the proportionate use of force (35),

—

having regard to its resolution of 26 March 2019 on fundamental rights of people of African descent in Europe (36),

—

having regard to its resolution of 14 November 2019 on the criminalisation of sexual education in Poland (37),

—

having regard to its resolution of 26 November 2019 on children’s rights on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (38),

—

having regard to its resolution of 13 February 2019 on experiencing backlash in women’s rights and gender equality in the EU (39),

—

having regard to Commission Recommendation (EU) 2018/951 on standards for equality bodies (40),

—

having regard to the 2018 Commission Annual Report on the List of actions to advance LGBTI equality,

—

having regard to its resolution of 18 December 2019 on public discrimination and hate speech against LGBTI people, including LGBTI free zones (41),

—

having regard to its resolution of 30 May 2018 on the implementation of Directive 2012/29/EU establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime (42),

—

having regard to its resolution of 16 January 2020 on ongoing hearings under Article 7(1) of the TEU regarding Poland and Hungary (43),

—

having regard to the decision of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) of 19 December 2017 in Case A.R. and L.R. v Switzerland (22338/15), which affirmed that comprehensive sexuality education pursues the legitimate aims of protecting public health, protecting children from sexual violence, and preparing them for social realities; therefore did not recognise an obligation on the part of Member States to allow parents to withdraw their children from such education,

—

having regard to the ECtHR case Sh.D. and others v Greece, Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Northern Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia (44), which affirms that the child’s extreme vulnerability should prevail over irregular status with necessary measures adopted to protect them and that authorities violated Article 5 by automatically applying the protective custody regime without considering any alternatives to detention or the requirement under EU law to avoid the detention of children (45),

—

having regard to the resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe of 3 October 2019 on obstetrical and gynaecological violence (RES 2306) and the related report of the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination of the Council of Europe of 12 September 2019, in which the Assembly calls on the Council of Europe member States to combat gynaecological and obstetrical violence and provides recommendation on how to do so,

—

having regard to the Issue Paper entitled ‘Women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights in Europe’ (2017) by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights,

—

having regard to the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights Report following her visit to Hungary from 4 to 8 February 2019 (46),

—

having regard to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe resolution 2299 (2019) on Pushback policies and practice in the Council of Europe members (47),

—

having regard to the reports by national, European and international NGOs, as well as the reports by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights,

—

having regard to the work carried out by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), the Council of Europe and the Venice Commission,

—

having regard to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and of the ECtHR,

—

having regard to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence which opened for signature in Istanbul on 11 May 2011 (‘Istanbul Convention’),

—

having regard to its resolution of 28 November 2019 on the EU's accession to the Istanbul Convention and other measures to combat gender-based violence (48),

—

having regard to the work of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, the Committee on Constitutional Affairs, the Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality and the Committee on Petitions,

—

having regard to the 2018 annual report of the Commission on the application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (49),

—

having regard to the Fundamental Rights Reports of 2018 and 2019 of FRA (50),

—

having regard to the FRA paper ‘Civil society space: views of organisations’ as well as the FRA report ‘Challenges facing civil society organisations working on human rights in the EU’,

—

having regard to Rule 54 of its Rules of Procedure,

—

having regard to the opinions of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs and the Committee on Petitions,

—

having regard to the position in the form of amendments of the Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality,

—

having regard to the report of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (A9-0226/2020),

A.

whereas the EU is not merely a monetary union, but also a social one, as enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights, the European Social Charter and the European Pillar of Social Rights; whereas Article 151 TFEU refers to fundamental social rights such as those set out in the European Social Charter; whereas the EU is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities, as set out in Article 2 TEU and as reflected in the Charter and embedded in international human rights treaties; whereas the Charter is part of EU primary law; whereas the Union has still not acceded to the ECHR, in spite of its obligation to do so under Article 6(2) TEU;

B.

whereas these values are shared by all the Member States and should be upheld and actively promoted by the EU and each Member State individually in all their policies, both internally and externally in a consistent way; whereas respect for the rule of law is a prerequisite for the protection of fundamental rights and whereas Member States have the ultimate responsibility for safeguarding the human rights of all people;

C.

whereas Article 17 TEU states that the Commission must ensure the application of the Treaties; whereas a refusal by a Member State to fully uphold EU law, the separation of powers, the independence of the judiciary and the predictability of state actions is undermining the credibility of the EU; whereas an independent judiciary, freedom of expression and information and media pluralism are crucial components of the rule of law;

D.

whereas in the years 2018 and 2019, the EU has faced serious and multifaceted challenges in relation to the protection of fundamental rights, the rule of law and democracy, which are all intrinsically connected; whereas the European Commission Special Eurobarometer of March 2019 shows that awareness of the Charter remains low; whereas according to the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights, in 2018 not only human rights violations were found across the EU, but also the rejection of human rights protection systems as a whole (51);

E.

whereas better promotion of the Charter is needed, for example by means of campaigns promoting awareness, in order to render its provisions more effective and promote it as positive source of interpretation; whereas greater exchange of information on experiences and approaches to the use of the Charter between judges, lawyers’ associations and public administrations within the Member States, as well as beyond national borders, including through the use, where appropriate, of existing funding instruments, such as those provided for in the Justice Programme, as well as targeted training programmes for legal practitioners, could be beneficial;

F.

whereas corruption constitutes a serious threat to democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights and harms all Member States and the EU as a whole; whereas the implementation of the anti-corruption legal framework remains uneven among Member States;

G.

whereas the increase in precarious employment, as well as youth unemployment is deeply concerning and may lead to long lasting negative impacts on the rights enshrined in Article 31 of the Charter;

H.

whereas children’s rights are enshrined in the Charter; whereas the best interests of the child should be a crucial consideration in all EU action and the principle of the best interest of the child should be fully respected in all legislation, court and government decision at all levels; whereas Member States should ensure the right to education for all children in the EU and protect them from any discrimination;

I.

whereas gender based violence in all its forms, including harassment and violence in the workplace, at home and online, is a violation of fundamental rights which affects all levels of society, regardless of age, education, income, social position and country of origin or residence, and represents a major barrier to equality between women and men; whereas as many as 11 Member States do not provide data on women victims of intentional homicide by an intimate partner or family member (52);

J.

whereas the ECtHR has established that various types of environmental degradation can result in violations of human rights, such as the right to life, to private and family life, the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment, and the peaceful enjoyment of the home (53); whereas environmental injustices are regularly related to health risks and negative consequences for wellbeing, and certain communities and groups, including socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, as well as black people and people of colour and ethnic minorities, are disproportionately affected by environmental burdens;

K.

whereas access to justice is a fundamental right and impunity represents a significant obstacle for the recovery and protection of victims;

L.

whereas there has been an organised backlash against women’s and girl’s rights in recent years, where some Member States have sought to roll back on sexual and reproductive health and rights, such as existing legal protections for women’s access to abortion care, including the introduction of regressive pre-conditions before abortions can take place, such as mandatory biased counselling or waiting periods, not ensuring that barriers that impede access to abortion in practice are eradicated, as well as attempts to fully ban abortion or remove existing legal grounds for abortion; Whereas in some Member States there have been attempts limit or ban sex education and gender studies and to promote campaigns against the Istanbul Convention which deny the existence of gender-based violence; whereas the backlash against women’s rights and gender equality is often linked to a broader deterioration in the situation of democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights;

M.

whereas cases of gynaecological and obstetrical violence have been increasingly denounced in several Member States (54); whereas the rights of women in all their diversity are protected under the Treaty, including Roma women, black women and women of colour, LGBT women and women with disabilities; whereas Roma women are particularly affected as regards women’s rights and often face exacerbated forms of verbal, physical, psychological and racial harassment in reproductive health care settings; whereas Roma have also experienced ethnic segregation in maternal health care facilities, and are placed in segregated rooms with segregated bathrooms and eating facilities; whereas in some Member States Roma have been subjected to systematic practices of forced and coercive sterilisation and have been unable to obtain adequate reparations, including compensation, for the resulting violations of their human rights;

N.

Whereas the EU has witnessed spread of racism, intolerance, extremism, xenophobia, Islamophobic, anti-Semitic and anti-Roma sentiments which have become normalised in certain Member States and are embraced by opinion leaders and politicians across the EU, fostering a social climate that provides fertile ground for racism, discrimination and hate crimes; whereas Muslims, including Muslim women, continue to experience widespread hostility and intolerance in many EU countries (55); whereas the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights pointed out in its 2019 report that discriminatory institutional practices, policies and laws exist in many countries; whereas the fight against terrorism and counter-terrorism policies should not lead to general discrimination against certain communities; whereas the FRA created in December 2018 the first dedicated data-base on anti-Muslim hatred; whereas Anti-Semitism appears to be on the rise, as demonstrated by the report of 4 July 2019 by the EU Fundamental Rights Agency, with several Member States reporting increases in crimes motivated by anti-Semitism; whereas ethnic and religious minorities often face verbal, physical, psychological and racial harassment; whereas the development of education and training to foster critical thinking, to give tools to identify all forms of discrimination and intolerance and promote digital literacy, is crucial;

O.

whereas the increased resort of states to new technology, such as predictive policing and the use of facial recognition, presents a number of risks, in particular for racial minorities in Europe;

P.

whereas there is a serious backlash of LGBTI-rights, even to the extent that ‘LGBTI-free zones’ have been introduced (56) in one Member State;

Q.

whereas the EU and the Member States have shared competencies in the area of housing; whereas both a national and an EU level strategy is needed; whereas homelessness is a situation that deprives individuals of human rights, and is itself a violation of human rights; whereas there is a trend of rising evictions and homelessness across the EU (57);

R.

whereas affordable housing is in short supply in Europe today, in spite of increasing demand; whereas annual overviews published by the European Federation of National Organisations Working with the Homeless (FEANTSA) found evidence of rising homelessness in almost all the EU/EEA; the 2018 FEANTSA report noted that children are becoming the largest group of people in emergency shelters as a result of a deterioration in the living conditions of extremely vulnerable families (58);

S.

whereas freedom of expression and freedom and pluralism of the media are enshrined in Article 11 of the Charter and Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR); whereas an independent judiciary, freedom of expression and information and media pluralism are crucial components of the rule of law and are vital to the democratic functioning of the EU and its Member States;

T.

whereas the number of threats and attacks against journalists has increased across the EU (59); whereas the OSCE reports that impunity prevails as, for example, fewer than 15 % of murders of journalists in the OSCE region are solved (Media freedom report); whereas this is a clear deterioration regarding the protection of journalists, which undermines media freedom and freedom of expression, putting democracy at risk;

U.

whereas Parliament’s resolution on media pluralism and media freedom in the EU stressed that Member States and the Commission should refrain from adopting unnecessary or disproportionate measures that limit access to the internet and the exercise of fundamental human rights, or that entail seizing control of public communications through the arbitrary imposition of a state of emergency or on other grounds; whereas these laws sometimes use vague and imprecise wording, thus giving a wide margin of discretion to law enforcement authorities when it comes to implementation, and increasing the risks of arbitrary restrictions to the right to freedom of peaceful assembly;

V.

whereas in 2018 and 2019 it has been proven that some major social media companies, in violation of existing data protection law, have granted third-party applications access to users personal data, and that personal data has been increasingly abused for behavioural prediction and manipulation, including for electoral campaigning purposes; whereas in light of the constant development of technology, interferences with fundamental rights can be seriously high; whereas various information systems can have impacts on fundamental rights, such as data protection and breaches of privacy;

W.

whereas in the light of the constant development of technology, interferences with fundamental rights are not easy to predict; whereas various information systems can have impacts on fundamental rights, such as shortcomings in data protection and breaches of privacy; whereas increased interoperability of these systems could lead to robust and more timely protection of our citizens, and thus their rights, specifically in cases of missing children or human trafficking, or in tackling money laundering; whereas the cooperation and exchange of information between different EU agencies working on security is vital to the timely and effective fight against terrorism and radicalisation, as well as to preventing cybercrime;

X.

whereas whistle-blowers and journalists play an essential role in any open and transparent democracy; whereas whistle-blowers and journalists are instrumental in promoting transparency, democracy and the rule of law, by reporting unlawful or improper conduct that undermine the public interest such as acts of corruption, criminal offences or conflicts of interest, which represent threats against citizens’ rights and freedoms; whereas whistleblowing and journalism are fundamental aspects of freedom of expression and information; whereas journalists and other media actors in the EU face multiple attacks, threats and pressures from state and non-state actors; whereas the adequate protection of journalists and whistle-blowers at EU, national and international level, as well as the acknowledgement of the important role played by journalists, in particular investigative journalists, and whistle-blowers in society, are preconditions for ensuring the effectiveness of such roles;

Y.

whereas Article 11 of the ECHR and Article 12 of the Charter state that everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and to freedom of association, including the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of their interests; whereas in democratic societies, freedom of assembly is one of the instruments by which people can participate in the public debate and bring about social change;

Z.

whereas acting police officers must always be identifiable in order to enable the investigations of possible excesses of use of force and national authorities must determine the associated responsibilities; whereas Member States have different thresholds for the use of force and weapons by law enforcement authorities for maintaining public order; whereas several Member States (60), have adopted laws that could lead to disproportionate restrictions of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly;

AA.

whereas the space for civil society is shrinking in certain Member States; whereas Member States are responsible for ensuring that the rights of civil society organisations and human rights defenders are not restricted, and that a conducive legislative and regulatory environment is in place, as reinforced in the recently adopted Council conclusions on the Charter of Fundamental Rights after 10 Years: State of Play and Future Work; whereas Member States should also support the work of civil society organisations through sufficient funding and ensure that there are mechanisms for fruitful cooperation with them;

AB.

whereas State and non-state sponsored campaigns to discredit human rights defenders and civil society organisations aim through their strategies to overturn existing laws on basic fundamental rights; whereas these campaigns have often been echoed by traditional media and social networks, while those who defend migrants and asylum seekers, the LGBTI+ community, survivors of gender-based violence, people of faith and religion and other marginalised groups continue to be criminalised and stigmatised;

AC.

whereas, according to the IOM, 1 885 persons in 2019 and 2 299 persons in 2018 are believed to have died or gone missing in the Mediterranean Sea on their way to Europe; whereas the route from Libya to Europe is still the migration route with the highest death toll in the world (646 deaths so far in 2019) and was five times deadlier in 2018 than in 2015 notably due to a reduction in search and rescue (SAR) activities off the Libyan coast (61); whereas saving lives is an act of solidarity with those at risk, but first and foremost a legal obligation under both international law, as Article 98 of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) — ratified by all Member States and the Union itself — requires States to render assistance to any person in distress at sea, and Union law (62);

AD.

whereas the criminalisation of solidarity continued to be used as a tool to disrupt the work of NGOs trying to save lives in the Mediterranean Sea; whereas individuals faced charges related to assistance they provided to migrants and asylum seekers in several EU countries, demonstrating the worrying trend of criminalizing humanitarian assistance to migrants and asylum seekers;

AE.

whereas the EU has an obligation under EU and international law to receive and process the applications of those who come to the EU seeking asylum; whereas pushbacks constitute a violation of EU and international law and prevent asylum seekers from benefiting from the legal guarantees firmly laid down in such law; whereas the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights expressed grave concern about consistent reports of violent pushbacks;

AF.

whereas migration is part of the EU’s past, present and future and one of the biggest challenges of our times that has clear implications on fundamental rights; whereas applicants for asylum have the right and possibility to submit their asylum applications at official border crossings when entering the EU; whereas there have been allegations of violation of fundamental rights of migrants and asylum seekers; whereas border officials need to provide adequate services to refugees, taking into account the special circumstances of vulnerable people, such as children, traumatised people and pregnant women;

AG.

whereas according to the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, in 2018 women accounted for 18 % of all irregular entries across the external EU border and nearly one in five migrants were registered as children, with some 3 750 being unaccompanied; whereas these women and children are particularly vulnerable to abuses of their fundamental rights, such human trafficking; whereas there is a need for Member States to build and strengthen child protection systems to prevent and respond to violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation of children;

AH.

whereas Member States should ensure that migrant and refugee children are granted access education swiftly after their arrival in the European Union territory;

AI.

whereas acts of terrorism constitute one of the most serious violations of fundamental rights and freedoms; whereas during 2018 and 2019, acts of glorification of terrorism and homages to the terrorists took place within the European Union; whereas this kind of acts legitimizes terrorism, threatens our democracy and humiliates the victims;

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