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Document 32025R2083
Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 October 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism (Text with EEA relevance)
Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 October 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism (Text with EEA relevance)
Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 October 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism (Text with EEA relevance)
PE/21/2025/REV/1
OJ L, 2025/2083, 17.10.2025, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2083/oj (BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, GA, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV)
In force
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Official Journal |
EN L series |
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2025/2083 |
17.10.2025 |
REGULATION (EU) 2025/2083 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 8 October 2025
amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 192(1) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee (1),
After consulting the Committee of the Regions,
Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure (2),
Whereas:
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(1) |
Since the start of the transitional period on 1 October 2023 laid down in Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council (3), the Commission has been collecting data and information on the implementation of the carbon border adjustment mechanism (the ‘CBAM’) as provided for therein, including through the analysis of quarterly reports submitted by reporting declarants. The information collected and the exchanges with the stakeholders, including exchanges within the expert group on the CBAM, have indicated areas to simplify and strengthen the CBAM in line with the Union’s commitment to ensure a smooth implementation of the CBAM once the transitional period ends on 1 January 2026. |
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(2) |
Based on the experience acquired and data collected during the transitional period on the distribution of importers of goods listed in Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 into the Union, only a small proportion of those importers account for the vast majority of emissions embedded in imported goods. The derogation applied to the importation of goods of negligible value, namely those not exceeding a total of EUR 150 per consignment, referred to in Article 23 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1186/2009 (4) appears insufficient to ensure that the CBAM applies to importers in proportion to the impact of those importers on the emissions covered by Regulation (EU) 2023/956. For importers of small quantities of goods, compliance with reporting and financial obligations laid down in Regulation (EU) 2023/956 could be unduly burdensome. A new derogation should therefore be introduced to exempt from obligations under Regulation (EU) 2023/956 importers of small quantities in terms of mass of goods listed in Annex I of that Regulation, while preserving the environmental objective of the CBAM and its capacity to achieve the envisaged climate objective. |
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(3) |
A new threshold based on cumulative net mass of the imported goods in a given calendar year per importer (the ‘single mass-based threshold’) should be introduced in Regulation (EU) 2023/956, and initially be set at a level of 50 tonnes. A single mass-based threshold should apply cumulatively to all goods in the sectors of iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers and cement. Where the net mass of all goods imported by an importer in a given calendar year does not cumulatively exceed the single mass-based threshold, such an importer, including any importer with the status of an authorised CBAM declarant, should be exempted in a given calendar year from the obligations under Regulation (EU) 2023/956 (the ‘de minimis exemption’). Where, within a relevant calendar year, an importer exceeds the single mass-based threshold, that importer should be subject to obligations under Regulation (EU) 2023/956 in respect of all emissions embedded in all goods imported during that relevant calendar year, including, in particular, the obligation to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant, the obligation to submit a CBAM declaration in respect of all emissions embedded in all goods imported in that relevant calendar year and the obligation to purchase and surrender CBAM certificates in respect of all those emissions. |
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(4) |
In the electricity and hydrogen sectors, key features such as quantity of imports, trade patterns, customs information and emission intensities differ substantially from those in the iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers and cement sectors. Those differences imply that making electricity and hydrogen imports subject to a single mass-based threshold would require introducing complex adjustments that would not allow for the substantial reduction of administrative costs for importers in those sectors. Imports of electricity or hydrogen should therefore not be included under the de minimis exemption. |
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(5) |
The establishment of the single mass-based threshold that reflects the average emissions intensity of the quantity of the imported goods pursues the objective of ensuring that at least 99 % of emissions embedded in imported goods remain within the scope of the CBAM and that therefore the de minimis exemption applies to no more than 1 % of emissions embedded in imported goods. The de minimis exemption would represent a robust and targeted approach as it accurately reflects the environmental nature and the climate objective of the CBAM while substantially reducing the CBAM-related administrative burden for importers, the vast majority of whom will be exempted from the obligations under Regulation (EU) 2023/956. At the same time, the CBAM continues to apply to at least 99 % of emissions embedded in the imported goods. Such a single mass-based threshold also eliminates the risk of circumvention through an artificial splitting of consignments by a single importer. |
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(6) |
The Commission should each year assess, on the basis of import data for the preceding 12 calendar months, whether a material change has occurred in the average emission intensities of the goods or in the pattern of trade in goods, including practices of circumvention. In order to ensure that at least 99 % of emissions embedded in the imported goods remain within the scope of the CBAM, the Commission should adopt delegated acts in order to amend the single mass-based threshold by using the methodology set out in point 2 of Annex VII of Regulation (EU) 2023/956. To ensure effectiveness and certainty, the Commission should only adopt such acts where the value of the resulting threshold deviates from the applicable threshold by more than 15 tonnes. Where the single mass-based threshold is amended, it should apply as from the beginning of the following calendar year. |
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(7) |
To ensure that the derogation is sufficiently targeted, the single mass-based threshold should apply to each importer, including those importers with the status of authorised CBAM declarant. For that purpose, imports of an importer should be taken into account irrespective of whether they have been declared by the importer itself or an indirect customs representative. The indirect customs representative, due to the nature of its activity and the related obligations under Regulation (EU) 2023/956, should always be required to obtain the status of an authorised CBAM declarant prior to acting on behalf of an importer in respect of goods listed in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2023/956. Where an importer represented by one or more indirect customs representatives has exceeded the single mass-based threshold, each indirect customs representative that is acting as an authorised CBAM declarant should submit a CBAM declaration in respect of the goods imported into the customs territory of the Union by that indirect customs representative, including any goods below the single mass-based threshold, for those represented importers that have exceeded the single mass-based threshold, and should surrender the number of CBAM certificates which correspond to emissions embedded in those goods. |
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(8) |
For the purposes of legal certainty, it is appropriate to expressly provide that where an indirect customs representative acts as an authorised CBAM declarant on behalf of an importer, the indirect customs representative should be subject to the obligations applicable to that importer pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2023/956, in particular the obligation to submit a CBAM declaration in respect of the goods imported by the indirect customs representative on behalf of that importer and to surrender the CBAM certificates in respect of emissions embedded in those goods. As a result, in the event of non-compliance, it should be the indirect customs representative that is subject to penalties under Regulation (EU) 2023/956. However, the indirect customs representative should not be subject to penalties where an indirect customs representative acting on behalf of an importer established in a Member State has not agreed to act as an authorised CBAM declarant. |
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(9) |
Based on customs information, the Commission should monitor the quantities of goods imported to assess compliance with the single mass-based threshold. The competent authorities should also be able to carry out such monitoring. To allow the competent authorities to make an informed decision, it is necessary to lay down appropriate arrangements for making the necessary information and data available to the competent authorities. Each competent authority should be able to request necessary information and evidence from customs authorities, including the name, address and contact information of importers where such information is not otherwise available to the competent authority. Where the customs authorities become aware that an importer has exceeded the single mass-based threshold, including on the basis of information from the competent authority, they should not allow further importation of goods by that importer until the end of the relevant calendar year, or until that importer has obtained the status of authorised CBAM declarant. |
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(10) |
An importer that expects to exceed the annual single mass-based threshold should submit an application for an authorisation. Such an importer should obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant before the single mass-based threshold is exceeded. Importers that have not been granted the authorisation before exceeding the single mass-based threshold should be subject to penalties. |
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(11) |
The obligation to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant before the single mass-based threshold is exceeded could result in a high number of applications being lodged at the beginning of 2026. In order to facilitate the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 after the expiry of transitional provisions, and avoid potential import disruptions, it is appropriate to allow importers and indirect customs representatives that have submitted an application for an authorisation by 31 March 2026 to continue importing the goods in 2026 even after exceeding the single mass-based threshold pending the decision on granting of the authorisation. In order to avoid circumvention of Regulation (EU) 2023/956, where granting of the authorisation is refused, the importers and indirect customs representatives should be subject to penalties in accordance with Article 26(2a) of that Regulation. |
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(12) |
To ensure that the definition of an importer covers all relevant customs procedures, it is necessary to amend it to include the case of the simplified customs procedure where only a bill of discharge is presented pursuant to Article 175(5) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446 (5). |
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(13) |
To achieve a balance between the effectiveness of the authorisation procedure and the risk profile of the applicants, the consultation procedure should be optional for the competent authority. The consultation procedure should allow the competent authority to consult other competent authorities and the Commission where it is considered necessary based on the information submitted by the applicant and customs information made available in the CBAM registry. |
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(14) |
To provide additional flexibility, the authorised CBAM declarant should be able to delegate the submission of the CBAM declaration to a third party. The authorised CBAM declarant should remain responsible for the submission of the CBAM declaration. In order to enable the authorised CBAM declarant to provide the required delegation and access to a third party, that third party should fulfil certain technical credentials, including holding an Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number and being established in a Member State. |
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(15) |
Authorised CBAM declarants should submit their annual CBAM declaration and surrender the corresponding number of certificates by 30 September of the year following the year of importation of the goods. In order to provide authorised CBAM declarants flexibility to comply with their obligations, a later date of submission would provide authorised CBAM declarants more time to collect the necessary information, ensure that embedded emissions are verified by an accredited verifier, and purchase the corresponding number of CBAM certificates. The date for the cancellation of CBAM certificates should be adjusted accordingly. |
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(16) |
The embedded emissions of some aluminium and steel goods currently included in the scope of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 are primarily determined by the embedded emissions of input materials (precursors), while the emissions arising during the production steps of those goods are typically relatively low. Those production steps consist of finishing processes that are carried out by separate installations not covered by the EU emissions trading system (the ‘EU ETS’) as provided for in Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (6), except for the case of integrated facilities. With a view to ensuring coherence with EU ETS rules and to simplifying the application of CBAM rules for operators in third countries, the embedded emissions of those production processes should be excluded from the system boundaries for the calculation of emissions, by aligning the system boundaries of production processes with those covered by the EU ETS. |
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(17) |
Electricity generated on the continental shelf or in the exclusive economic zone of a Member State or a third country is considered as originating in that Member State or that third country, respectively. Hydrogen originating on the continental shelf or in the exclusive economic zone of a Member State or a third country is considered as originating in that Member State or that third country, respectively. |
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(18) |
Where input materials (precursors) have already been subject to the EU ETS or to a carbon pricing system that is fully linked with the EU ETS, the embedded emissions of those precursors should not be accounted for in the calculation of the embedded emissions of complex goods. |
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(19) |
Authorised CBAM declarants are required to submit an annual CBAM declaration containing the calculation of embedded emissions on the basis of either default values or actual values verified by accredited verifiers. Default values should be calculated and made available by the Commission. The verification of embedded emissions should therefore only apply to actual values. |
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(20) |
Information collected during the transitional period indicates that reporting declarants have difficulties in obtaining the required information on the carbon price effectively paid in a third country. To facilitate the deduction of the carbon price, the Commission should, where possible, establish an annual average carbon price expressed in EUR/tonne of CO2e of the effective carbon price paid, including on a conservative basis, based on the best available data from reliable, publicly available information and information provided by third countries to the Commission. |
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(21) |
The evidence required for the deduction of a carbon price effectively paid relies on information relevant for the determination and verification of actual embedded emissions. Where the embedded emissions are declared on the basis of default values, it should only be possible to claim the deduction of the carbon price by reference to yearly default carbon prices, where available. Furthermore, since the embedded emissions of precursors should not be accounted for where they have already been subject to the EU ETS or to a carbon pricing system that is fully linked with the EU ETS, the carbon price associated with those embedded emissions is not relevant for the deduction. |
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(22) |
Authorised CBAM declarants can claim a reduction in the number of CBAM certificates to be surrendered corresponding to the carbon price effectively paid in the country of origin for the declared embedded emissions. Since the carbon price can be paid in a third country other than the country of origin of the imported goods, such a carbon price should also be eligible for deduction. |
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(23) |
To improve the reliability of the data on embedded emissions contained in the CBAM registry and to facilitate the submission of data, accredited verifiers should access, upon request from operators in third countries, the CBAM registry to verify the embedded emissions. In addition, parent companies or controlling entities of those operators should be allowed to access the CBAM registry for the purpose of registering and sharing relevant data on behalf of those operators. The operators should be required to provide a corporate or activity registration number to ensure their identification. |
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(24) |
To ensure consistency with Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (7), as well as Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2067 (8), a verifier should be a legal person that is accredited for the purpose of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 by a decision of a national accreditation body. In taking that decision, the national accreditation body should take into account the relevant groups of activities under Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2067 for the assessment of the qualifications of the legal person. |
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(25) |
To foster the implementation of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 at national level, Member States should ensure that the competent authorities have all the powers necessary for the performance of their functions and duties. |
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(26) |
The costs incurred in connection with the establishment, operation and management of the common central platform should be financed by fees payable by authorised CBAM declarants. For the duration of the first joint public procurement contract for the establishment, operation and management of the common central platform, those costs should initially be borne by the general budget of the Union and, to that end, the revenues generated by those fees should be assigned to the Union budget to cover the relevant costs. In view of the nature of the revenues, it is appropriate to treat the revenues as internal assigned revenues. Any revenues remaining after covering those costs should be assigned to the Union budget. The Commission should be empowered to adopt delegated acts that determine the structure and level of fees so that the organisation and use of the common central platform is cost-efficient, that the fees are set so as to strictly cover the relevant costs and that undue administrative costs are avoided. The Commission should also adopt delegated acts that determine for the duration of the subsequent joint procurement contracts that the fees should directly finance the costs of the operation and management of the platform. |
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(27) |
To provide authorised CBAM declarants sufficient time to prepare for compliance with the amended obligations under Regulation (EU) 2023/956, Member States should start selling CBAM certificates in 2027 for emissions embedded in goods imported during the year 2026. The price of CBAM certificates purchased in 2027 and corresponding to emissions embedded in goods imported into the Union in 2026 should reflect the prices of EU ETS allowances in 2026. |
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(28) |
The obligation for the authorised CBAM declarants to ensure that the number of CBAM certificates on their account in the CBAM registry at the end of each quarter corresponds to at least 80 % of the emissions embedded in the goods they have imported since the start of the year is insufficiently tailored to the expected financial adjustment. It is therefore necessary to both reduce the percentage from 80 % to 50 % and integrate the free allocation of EU ETS allowances. Furthermore, the authorised CBAM declarant should be able to rely on the information submitted in the CBAM declaration in the previous year for the same goods and same third countries. |
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(29) |
Similarly, the repurchase limit should align more accurately with the number of CBAM certificates which the authorised CBAM declarants are required to purchase during the year of importation. |
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(30) |
Since CBAM certificates are cancelled without any compensation, there is no need for an exchange of information from the common central platform to the CBAM registry at the end of the working day. |
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(31) |
Where an authorised CBAM declarant fails to surrender the correct number of CBAM certificates as a result of incorrect information provided by a third party, namely an operator, a verifier or an independent person certifying the carbon price documentation, the competent authorities, when applying penalties, should be able to take into account the specific circumstances concerned, such as the duration, gravity, scope, intentional or negligent nature or repetition of the non-compliance or the level of cooperation of the authorised CBAM declarant. This would allow for a reduction of the amount of the penalty where minor or unintentional errors are made. |
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(32) |
Importers other than authorised CBAM declarants that have exceeded the single mass-based threshold should be subject to a penalty provided in Article 26(2a). For that purpose, the entirety of the emissions embedded in the goods imported by such an importer without authorisation in the relevant calendar year should be taken into account. It is appropriate to provide that the payment of the penalty releases the importer from the obligation to submit a CBAM declaration and surrender CBAM certificates in respect of those imports. In order to take into account a minor infringement or its unintentional nature, the competent authorities should be able to impose a lower penalty where the single mass-based threshold has been exceeded by no more than 10 % of that threshold or where the importer has provisionally continued to import goods and its application for the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been refused. |
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(33) |
Regulation (EU) 2023/956 applies to certain carbon-intensive goods imported into the Union. Goods listed in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2023/956 include ‘other kaolinic clays’ in the list of cement goods. While calcined kaolinic clays are carbon-intensive products, this is not the case for non-calcined kaolinic clays. Non-calcined kaolinic clays should therefore be excluded from the scope of Regulation (EU) 2023/956. |
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(34) |
Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2023/956 lists the goods for which only direct emissions should be taken into account in the calculation of embedded emissions. For goods not listed in that Annex, both direct and indirect emissions should be taken into account. Since indirect emissions are not relevant in the case of electricity generation, electricity should be added to the list of goods in that Annex. |
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(35) |
It is necessary to simplify the means for determining default values when reliable data for the exporting country would not be available for a certain type of goods. In such cases, to prevent carbon leakage, the default value should be set at the level of the average emission intensity of the 10 exporting countries with the highest emission intensities for which reliable data is available, which is an appropriate average to ensure the environmental objective of the CBAM. This is without prejudice to the possibility to adapt these default values based on region-specific features pursuant to point 7 of Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2023/956. |
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(36) |
In order to supplement and amend certain non-essential elements of Regulation (EU) 2023/956, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should be delegated to the Commission in respect of amending the single mass-based threshold in Annex VII to that Regulation, where necessary, as determined in accordance with Article 2(3a) of that Regulation, and supplementing that Regulation in order to determine that the fees payable by authorised CBAM declarants directly finance the costs of the operation and management of the common central platform. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level, and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making (9). In particular, to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council receive all documents at the same time as Member States’ experts, and their experts systematically have access to meetings of Commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts. |
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(37) |
Since the objectives of this Regulation, namely simplifying certain obligations and strengthening the mechanism that the Union has adopted to prevent the risk of carbon leakage and thereby reduce global carbon emissions, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States, but can rather, by reason of the scale or effects of the action, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives; |
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(38) |
In order to allow for the timely adoption of delegated and implementing acts under Regulation (EU) 2023/956, this Regulation should enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. |
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(39) |
Regulation (EU) 2023/956 should therefore be amended accordingly, |
HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
Amendments to Regulation (EU) 2023/956
Regulation (EU) 2023/956 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
Article 2 is amended as follows:
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(2) |
the following article is inserted: ‘Article 2a De minimis exemption 1. An importer, including any importer with the status of an authorised CBAM declarant, shall be exempted from the obligations under this Regulation, where the net mass of the imported goods in a given calendar year does not cumulatively exceed the single mass-based threshold laid down in point 1 of Annex VII (the “single mass-based threshold”). That threshold shall apply to the total net mass of goods under all CN codes aggregated per importer and per calendar year. In such a case, the importer, including an importer with the status of an authorised CBAM declarant, shall declare that exemption in the relevant customs declaration. 2. Where, within the relevant calendar year, an importer, including any importer with the status of an authorised CBAM declarant, exceeds the single mass-based threshold, the importer or the authorised CBAM declarant shall be subject to all obligations under this Regulation in respect of all emissions embedded in all goods imported in that calendar year. 3. By 30 April of each calendar year, the Commission shall assess, on the basis of the import data for the preceding 12 calendar months, whether the single mass-based threshold ensures that paragraph 1 of this Article applies to no more than 1 % of the emissions embedded in the imported goods and processed products. The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 28 to amend the single mass-based threshold by using the methodology set out in point 2 of Annex VII, where the value of the resulting threshold deviates from the applicable threshold by more than 15 tonnes. The amended single mass-based threshold shall apply from 1 January of the following calendar year. 4. This Article shall not apply to imports of electricity or hydrogen.’ |
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(3) |
Article 3 is amended as follows:
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(4) |
Article 5 is amended as follows:
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(5) |
Article 6 is amended as follows:
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(6) |
Article 7 is amended as follows:
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(7) |
in Article 8, paragraph 1 is replaced by the following: ‘1. Where the embedded emissions are determined on the basis of actual emissions, the authorised CBAM declarant shall ensure that the total embedded emissions declared in the CBAM declaration submitted pursuant to Article 6 are verified by a verifier accredited pursuant to Article 18, based on the verification principles set out in Annex VI.’ |
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(8) |
Article 9 is replaced by the following: ‘Article 9 Carbon price paid in a third country 1. Where the embedded emissions are determined on the basis of actual emissions, an authorised CBAM declarant may claim in the CBAM declaration a reduction in the number of CBAM certificates to be surrendered in order to take into account the carbon price paid in a third country for the declared embedded emissions. The reduction may be claimed only if the carbon price has been effectively paid in a third country. In such a case, any rebate or other form of compensation available in that country that would have resulted in a reduction of that carbon price shall be taken into account. 2. The authorised CBAM declarant shall keep records of the documentation required to demonstrate that the declared embedded emissions were subject to a carbon price in a third country that has been effectively paid as referred to in paragraph 1. The authorised CBAM declarant shall in particular keep evidence related to any rebate or other form of compensation available, in particular the references to the relevant legislation of that country. The information contained in that documentation shall be certified by a person that is independent from the authorised CBAM declarant and from the authorities of the third country. The name and contact information of that independent person shall appear on the documentation. The authorised CBAM declarant shall also keep evidence of the actual payment of the carbon price. 3. The authorised CBAM declarant shall keep the records referred to in paragraph 2 until the end of the fourth year after the year during which the CBAM declaration has been or should have been submitted. 4. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, an authorised CBAM declarant may claim, in the CBAM declaration, a reduction in the number of CBAM certificates to be surrendered in order to take into account the carbon price paid for the declared embedded emissions, by reference to yearly default carbon prices. In such a case, any rebate or other form of compensation available in that country that would have resulted in a reduction of that default carbon price shall be taken into account. The reduction may be claimed only where a carbon price was set by the rules applicable in the third country and a yearly default carbon price can be determined, including on a conservative basis, for that third country. Where the embedded emissions are determined on the basis of default values, a reduction may be claimed only by a reference to yearly default carbon prices. As from 2027, the Commission may, for third countries where carbon pricing rules are in place, determine and make available, in the CBAM registry referred to in Article 14, the default carbon prices for those third countries and publish the methodology for their calculation. The Commission shall do so on the basis of the best available data from reliable, publicly available information and information provided by those third countries. The Commission shall take into account any rebate or other form of compensation available in the relevant third country that would have resulted in a reduction of the default carbon price. 5. The Commission is empowered to adopt implementing acts concerning the conversion of the yearly average carbon price effectively paid in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article and of the yearly default carbon prices determined in accordance with paragraph 4 of this Article into a corresponding reduction of the number of CBAM certificates to be surrendered. Those acts shall also govern the conversion of the carbon price expressed in foreign currency into euro at the yearly average exchange rate, the evidence required of the actual payment of the carbon price, examples of any relevant rebate or other form of compensation referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the qualifications of the independent person referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article and the conditions to ascertain that person’s independence. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 29(2).’ |
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(9) |
Article 10 is replaced by the following: ‘Article 10 Registration of operators and of installations in third countries 1. The Commission shall, upon request by an operator of an installation located in a third country, register the information on that operator and on its installation in the CBAM registry referred to in Article 14. 2. The request for registration referred to in paragraph 1 shall contain the following information to be included in the CBAM registry upon registration:
3. The Commission shall notify the operator of the registration in the CBAM registry. The registration shall be valid for a period of five years from the date of its notification to the operator of the installation. 4. The operator shall inform the Commission without delay of any changes in the information referred to in paragraph 2 arising after the registration, and the Commission shall update the relevant information in the CBAM registry. 5. The operator shall:
6. The records referred to in paragraph 5, point (c), of this Article shall be sufficiently detailed to enable the verification of the embedded emissions in accordance with Article 8 and Annex VI, and to enable the review, in accordance with Article 19, of the CBAM declaration made by an authorised CBAM declarant to whom the relevant information was disclosed in accordance with paragraph 7 of this Article. 7. An operator may disclose the information on the verification of embedded emissions and the carbon price paid in a third country referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article to an authorised CBAM declarant. The authorised CBAM declarant shall be entitled to use that disclosed information in order to fulfil the obligation referred to in Article 8. 8. The operator may, at any time, ask to be deregistered from the CBAM registry. The Commission shall, upon such request, and after notifying the competent authorities, deregister the operator and delete the information on that operator and on its installation from the CBAM registry, provided that such information is not necessary for the review of CBAM declarations that have been submitted. The Commission may, after having given the operator concerned the possibility to be heard and having consulted with the relevant competent authorities, also deregister the information if the Commission finds that the information on that operator is no longer accurate. The Commission shall inform the competent authorities of such deregistration.’ |
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(10) |
the following article is inserted: ‘Article 10a Registration of accredited verifiers 1. Where an accreditation is granted in accordance with Article 18, the verifier shall submit a request for registration in the CBAM registry to the competent authority of the Member State in which the national accreditation body is established. The verifier shall submit the request for registration within two months of the date on which the accreditation was granted, but not before 1 September 2026. The competent authority shall register the information on the accredited verifier in the CBAM registry. 2. The request for registration in the CBAM registry referred in paragraph 1 shall at least contain the following information:
The information referred to in the first subparagraph shall be included in the CBAM registry upon the registration of the verifier. 3. The competent authority shall notify the verifier of the registration in the CBAM registry. The competent authority shall also notify, through the CBAM registry, the Commission and the other competent authorities of the registration. 4. The verifier shall notify the competent authority of any changes to the information referred to in paragraph 2 arising after the registration in the CBAM registry. The competent authority shall ensure that the CBAM registry is updated accordingly. 5. For the purpose of Article 10(5), point (b), the verifier shall use the CBAM registry to verify the embedded emissions. 6. The competent authority shall deregister a verifier from the CBAM registry where that verifier is no longer accredited pursuant Article 18 or where the verifier has not complied with the obligation laid down in paragraph 4 of this Article. The competent authority shall notify the Commission and the other competent authorities of the deregistration. The competent authority shall delete the information on that accredited verifier from the CBAM registry provided that such information is not necessary for the review of CBAM declarations that have been submitted.’ |
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(11) |
Article 11 is amended as follows:
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(12) |
Article 14 is amended as follows:
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(13) |
Article 17 is amended as follows:
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(14) |
Article 18 is amended as follows:
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(15) |
in Article 19(3), the second subparagraph is replaced by the following: ‘The Commission shall also facilitate the exchange of information with competent authorities about fraudulent activities, the conclusions reached pursuant to Article 25a and the penalties imposed in accordance with Article 26.’ ; |
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(16) |
Article 20 is amended as follows:
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(17) |
Article 21 is amended as follows:
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(18) |
Article 22 is amended as follows:
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(19) |
Article 23 is amended as follows:
|
|
(20) |
Article 24 is replaced by the following: ‘Article 24 Cancellation of CBAM certificates 1. On 1 November of each year, the Commission shall cancel any CBAM certificates that were purchased during the year before the previous calendar year and that remained in the account of an authorised CBAM declarant in the CBAM registry. Those CBAM certificates shall be cancelled without any compensation. 2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, on 1 November 2027, the Commission shall cancel any CBAM certificates purchased in respect of the embedded emissions for the year 2026. Those CBAM certificates shall be cancelled without any compensation. 3. Where the number of CBAM certificates to be surrendered is contested in a pending dispute in a Member State, the Commission shall suspend the cancellation of the CBAM certificates to the extent corresponding to the disputed amount. The competent authority of the Member State where the authorised CBAM declarant is established shall communicate without delay any relevant information to the Commission.’ |
|
(21) |
in Article 25 paragraphs 1 to 4 are replaced by the following: ‘1. Without prejudice to Article 2a, the customs authorities shall not allow the importation of goods by any person other than an authorised CBAM declarant. 2. The customs authorities shall periodically and automatically, in particular by means of the surveillance mechanism established pursuant to Article 56(5) of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013, communicate to the Commission specific information on the goods declared for importation. That information shall include the EORI number or the form of identification declared in accordance with Article 6(2) of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446, of the importer or of the authorised CBAM declarant as well as the CBAM account number of the authorised CBAM declarant, the eight-digit CN code of the goods, the quantity, the country of origin, the date of the customs declaration and the customs procedure. Where the importer has no EORI number, the customs authorities shall also communicate the name, address and, where available, contact information of the importer to the Commission. 3. The Commission shall communicate the information referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article periodically to the competent authority of the Member State where the authorised CBAM declarant or the importer is established and shall, for each CBAM declarant, cross-check that information with the data in the CBAM registry pursuant to Article 14. 4. The customs authorities may communicate, in accordance with Article 12(1) of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013, confidential information acquired by the customs authorities in the course of performing their duties, or provided to the customs authorities on a confidential basis, to the Commission and to the competent authority of the Member State that has granted the status of the authorised CBAM declarant or to the competent authority of the Member State where the authorised CBAM declarant or importer is established.’ |
|
(22) |
the following article is inserted: ‘Article 25a Monitoring and enforcement of the single mass-based threshold 1. The Commission shall monitor the imports of goods for the purpose of monitoring the compliance with the single mass-based threshold. The competent authorities of the Member State where the importer is established may also monitor the compliance with the single mass-based threshold. The Commission shall periodically and automatically exchange with competent authorities the information necessary for the monitoring of importers via the CBAM registry. Such information shall include a list of importers that exceed 90 % of the single mass-based threshold. 2. Where the Commission considers, based on a preliminary assessment and the information that the customs authorities have communicated to the Commission pursuant to Article 25(2), that an importer has exceeded the single mass-based threshold, it shall communicate that information as well as the basis for its preliminary assessment to the competent authority of the Member State where the importer is established. The competent authority may request that the importer or the Commission provides documentary evidence necessary to assess whether the importer has exceeded the single mass-based threshold. Where the documentary evidence is insufficient to assess whether the importer has exceeded that threshold, the competent authorities may request additional documentary evidence from the customs authorities if such evidence is available. 3. Where the competent authority concludes that an importer that is not an authorised CBAM declarant has exceeded the single mass-based threshold, it shall without undue delay adopt a decision to that effect. The decision shall state the reasons on which it is based and shall include information on the right to appeal. The competent authority shall inform the importer of the obligations applicable under this Regulation including, where applicable, the obligation to obtain the status of an authorised CBAM declarant in accordance with Article 5 prior to importing any further goods. The competent authority shall also notify the customs authorities and the Commission of that decision via the CBAM registry. Where an importer is represented by one or more indirect customs representatives and exceeds the single mass-based threshold, the competent authority shall inform the indirect customs representatives appointed thereof in accordance with Article 5(1a) or 5(2). The submission of an appeal against a decision determining that the importer has exceeded the single mass-based threshold shall not have suspensive effect. 4. For the purpose of determining whether an importer has exceeded the single mass-based threshold, a competent authority shall disregard a practice, arrangement or a series thereof which has been put into place for the main purpose or one of the main purposes of falling below the single mass-based threshold and which is non-genuine. A practice, arrangement or a series thereof shall be regarded as non-genuine where, taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances, it cannot be considered to have been put in place for valid commercial reasons related to the economic activity of the importer. For the purposes of Article 17(2), point (a), and Article 26(2a), where the competent authority concludes that the importer has engaged in a practice, arrangement, or a series thereof, that is regarded to be non-genuine, the importer shall be considered to have been involved in a serious infringement of this Regulation. 5. For the purpose of the monitoring under this Article, the Commission shall periodically, at least once per calendar year or whenever necessary, identify specific risk factors and points for attention, based on a risk analysis in relation to the single mass-based threshold, taking into account information contained in the CBAM registry, data communicated by customs authorities in accordance with Article 25 and other relevant information sources, including irregularities identified as a result of the controls carried out in accordance with Article 15(1). Those risk factors and points for attention shall be communicated to the competent authorities and, where relevant, the customs authorities.’ |
|
(23) |
Article 26 is amended as follows:
|
|
(24) |
in Article 27(2), point (b) is replaced by the following:
; |
|
(25) |
Article 28 is amended as follows:
|
|
(26) |
Article 30(6), second subparagraph, point (b), is amended as follows:
|
|
(27) |
Article 36(2) is amended as follows:
|
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(28) |
in Annex I, the CN code ‘2507 00 80 – Other kaolinic clays’ is replaced by ‘ex 2507 00 80 – Other kaolinic clays except non-calcined kaolinic clays’; |
|
(29) |
in Annex II, the following table is added: ‘Electricity
|
|
(30) |
Annex IV is amended in accordance with Annex I to this Regulation; |
|
(31) |
in point 2 of Annex V, the following point is added:
; |
|
(32) |
in point 2, point (k), of Annex VI, point (iii) is replaced by the following:
; |
|
(33) |
a new Annex VII as set out in Annex II to this Regulation is added. |
Article 2
Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Strasbourg, 8 October 2025.
For the European Parliament
The President
R. METSOLA
For the Council
The President
M. BJERRE
(1) OJ C, C/2025/3201, 2.7.2025, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/3201/oj.
(2) Position of the European Parliament of 10 September 2025 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of 29 September 2025.
(3) Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism (OJ L 130, 16.5.2023, p. 52, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/956/oj).
(4) Council Regulation (EC) No 1186/2009 of 16 November 2009 setting up a Community system of reliefs from customs duty (OJ L 324, 10.12.2009, p. 23, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2009/1186/oj).
(5) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446 of 28 July 2015 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards detailed rules concerning certain provisions of the Union Customs Code (OJ L 343, 29.12.2015, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2015/2446/oj).
(6) Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2003/87/oj).
(7) Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 setting out the requirements for accreditation and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 339/93 (OJ L 218, 13.8.2008, p. 30, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/765/oj).
(8) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2067 of 19 December 2018 on the verification of data and on the accreditation of verifiers pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 334, 31.12.2018, p. 94, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2018/2067/oj).
(9) OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_interinstit/2016/512/oj.
ANNEX I
Annex IV is amended as follows:
|
(1) |
point 3 is replaced by the following: ‘3. DETERMINATION OF ACTUAL EMBEDDED EMISSIONS FOR COMPLEX GOODS For determining the specific actual embedded emissions of complex goods produced in a given installation, the following equation is to be applied:
Where:
Where:
|
|
(2) |
point 4 is replaced by the following.: ‘4. DETERMINATION OF DEFAULT VALUES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 7(2) AND (3) For the purpose of determining default values, only actual values shall be used for the determination of embedded emissions. In the absence of actual data, literature values may be used. Default values shall be determined based on the best available data. Best available data shall be based on reliable and publicly available information. Default values shall be revised periodically through the implementing acts adopted pursuant to Article 7(7) based on the most up-to-date and reliable information, including on the basis of information provided by a third country or group of third countries.’; |
|
(3) |
point 4.1 is replaced by the following: ‘4.1. Default values referred to in Article 7(2) Default values shall be set at the average emission intensity of each exporting country and for each of the goods listed in Annex I other than electricity, increased by a proportionately designed mark-up. This mark-up shall be determined in the implementing acts adopted pursuant to Article 7(7) and shall be set at an appropriate level to ensure the environmental integrity of the CBAM, building on the most up-to-date and reliable information, including on the basis of information gathered during the transitional period. When reliable data for the exporting country cannot be applied for a type of goods, the default values shall be based on the average emission intensity of the 10 exporting countries with the highest emission intensities for which reliable data can be applied for that type of goods.’; |
|
(4) |
in point 7, the second paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘Where declarants for goods produced in a third country, a group of third countries or a region within a third country can demonstrate, on the basis of reliable data, that alternative region-specific adaptations of default values are lower than the default values determined by the Commission, such region-specific adaptations can be used.’ |
ANNEX II
The following Annex VII is added:
‘ANNEX VII
The single mass-based threshold
1.
The single mass-based threshold referred to in Article 2a shall be set at 50 tonnes of net mass.
2.
For the purpose of Article 2a(3), the following methodology shall apply:|
|
chosen such that
|
Where:
|
99 % |
is the target share of emissions; |
|
|
is the mass-threshold in tonnes allowing to capture a given target share of emissions; |
Annual emissions per importer
|
qi,j |
is the quantity of imports in tonnes by importer i of the CN code j; |
|
Ji |
is the number of CN codes imported by importer i among the four sectors considered (aluminium, cement, fertilisers, iron and steel); |
|
EIj |
is the emission intensity for CN code j (1); |
|
Total emissions: |
the total emissions in CO2 of the four CBAM sectors considered, that is the sum of corresponding emissions for all importers:
where N is the number of importers; |
|
|
the total quantity in tonnes of goods listed in Annex I imported by importer i; |
|
|
is an indicator function equal to 1 when |
To capture uncertainty over changes in trade patterns while maintaining the environmental objective of this Regulation, a margin of 0,25 percentage points is added to the above target share of emissions.
The single mass-based threshold shall be rounded to the nearest ten.’.
(1) The emission intensities Ej are based on default values (without mark-up) for emissions published for the transitional period. For cement and fertiliser products, direct emissions and indirect emissions are considered; for aluminium and iron and steel products, only direct emissions are considered. For future updates of the single mass-based threshold, the default values shall be set in accordance with the methods set out in Annex IV without the mark-up as referred to in point 4.1 of Annex IV.
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2083/oj
ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)