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Document 02011R1178-20221030
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)Text with EEA relevance
Consolidated text: Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)Text with EEA relevance
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)Text with EEA relevance
02011R1178 — EN — 30.10.2022 — 019.001
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COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 311 25.11.2011, p. 1) |
Amended by:
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1178/2011
of 3 November 2011
laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
(Text with EEA relevance)
Article 1
Subject matter
This Regulation lays down detailed rules for:
different ratings for pilot licences, the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking pilot licences, the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of pilot licences, as well as the conditions for the conversion of existing national pilot licences and of national flight engineer licences into pilot licences;
the certification of persons who are responsible for providing flight training or flight simulation training and for assessing pilots’ skills;
different medical certificates for pilots, the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking medical certificates, the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of medical certificates as well as the conditions for the conversion of national medical certificates into mutually recognised medical certificates;
the certification of aero-medical examiners, as well as the conditions under which general medical practitioners may act as aero-medical examiners;
the periodical aero-medical assessment of cabin crew members, as well as the qualifications of persons who are responsible for that assessment;
the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking cabin crew attestations, as well as the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of cabin crew attestations;
the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking certificates of pilot training organisations and of aero-medical centres involved in the qualification and aero-medical assessment of civil aviation aircrew;
the requirements for the certification of flight simulation training devices and for organisations that operate and use those devices;
the requirements for the administration and management system to be fulfilled by the Member States, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (‘EASA’) and organisations in relation to the rules referred to in points (a) to (h).
Article 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:
‘Part-FCL licence’ means a flight crew licence which complies with the requirements of Annex I;
‘JAR’ means joint aviation requirements adopted by the Joint Aviation Authorities as applicable on 30 June 2009;
‘Light aircraft pilot licence (LAPL)’ means the leisure pilot licence referred to in Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008;
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‘Non-JAR-compliant licence’ means the pilot licence issued or recognised by a Member State in accordance with national legislation and not having been recommended for mutual recognition in relation to the relevant JAR;
‘Credit’ means the recognition of prior experience or qualifications;
‘Credit report’ means a report on the basis of which prior experience or qualifications may be recognised;
‘Conversion report’ means a report on the basis of which a licence may be converted into a Part-FCL licence;
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‘Cabin crew member’ means an appropriately qualified crew member, other than a flight crew or technical crew member, who is assigned by an operator to perform duties related to the safety of passengers and flight during operations;
‘Aircrew’ means flight crew and cabin crew;
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‘Acceptable means of compliance (AMC)’ means non-binding standards adopted by the Agency to illustrate means to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules;
‘Alternative means of compliance (AltMoC)’ means those means that propose an alternative to an existing AMC or those that propose new means to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules for which no associated AMC have been adopted by the Agency;
‘Approved training organisation (ATO)’ means an organisation which is entitled to provide training to pilots on the basis of an approval issued in accordance with the first subparagraph of Article 10a(1);
‘Basic instrument training device (BITD)’ means a ground-based training device for the training of pilots representing the student pilot's station of a class of aeroplanes, which may use screen-based instrument panels and spring-loaded flight controls, and providing a training platform for at least the procedural aspects of instrument flight;
‘Certification specifications (CS)’ mean technical standards adopted by the Agency indicating means to be used by an organisation for the purpose of certification;
‘Flight instructor (FI)’ means an instructor with the privileges to provide training in an aircraft in accordance with Subpart J of Annex I (Part-FCL) to this Regulation, Subpart FI of Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Regulation (EU) 2018/395 ( 1 ), or Subpart FI of Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 ( 2 );
‘Flight simulation training device (FSTD)’ means a device for the training of pilots which is:
in the case of aeroplanes, a full flight simulator (FFS), a flight training device (FTD), a flight and navigation procedures trainer (FNPT) or a basic instrument training device (BITD);
in the case of helicopters, a full flight simulator (FFS), a flight training device (FTD) or a flight and navigation procedures trainer (FNPT);
‘FSTD qualification’ means the level of technical ability of an FSTD as specified in the certification specifications relating to the FSTD in question;
‘Principal place of business’ of an organisation means the head office or registered office of the organisation within which the principal financial functions and operational control of the activities referred to in this Regulation are exercised;
‘ARO.RAMP’ means the Subpart RAMP of Annex II to the Regulation on Air Operations;
‘Automatically validated’ means the acceptance, without formalities, by an ICAO contracting State listed in the ICAO attachment of a flight crew licence issued by a State in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention;
‘ICAO attachment’ means an attachment to an automatically validated flight crew licence issued in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, which is mentioned under item XIII of the flight crew licence;
‘Qualification test guide (QTG)’ means a document established to demonstrate that the performance and handling qualities of an FSTD represent those of the aircraft, class of aeroplane or type of helicopter, simulated within prescribed limits and that all applicable requirements have been met. The QTG includes both the data of the aircraft, class of aeroplane or type of helicopter and FSTD data used to support the validation;
‘Declared training organisation (DTO)’ means an organisation which is entitled to provide training to pilots on the basis of a declaration made in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 10a(1);
‘DTO training programme’ means a document established by a DTO, describing in detail the training course provided by that DTO.
Article 3
Pilot licensing and medical certification
Article 4
Existing national pilots’ licences
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Non-JAR-compliant licences shall be converted into Part-FCL licences and associated ratings or certificates in accordance with:
the provisions of Annex II; or
the elements laid down in a conversion report.
The conversion report shall:
be established by the Member State that issued the pilot licence in consultation with the European Aviation Safety Agency (the Agency);
describe the national requirements on the basis of which the pilot licences were issued;
describe the scope of the privileges that were given to the pilots;
indicate for which requirements in Annex I credit is to be given;
indicate any limitations that need to be included on the Part-FCL licences and any requirements the pilot has to comply with in order to remove those limitations.
A Member State may authorise student pilots who follow a LAPL training course to exercise limited privileges without supervision before they meet all the requirements necessary for the issuance of a LAPL, subject to the following conditions:
the scope of the privileges shall be based on a safety risk assessment carried out by the Member State, taking into account the extent of training necessary for the intended level of pilot competence to be achieved;
the privileges shall be limited to the following:
the whole or part of the national territory of the authorising Member State;
aircraft registered in the authorising Member State;
aeroplanes and helicopters, both as single-engine piston aircraft with a maximum take-off mass not exceeding 2000 kg, sailplanes and balloons;
for training conducted under the authorisation, the holder of such an authorisation who applies for the issuance of a LAPL shall receive credits that are determined by the Member State on the basis of a recommendation from an ATO or a DTO;
the Member State shall submit periodical reports and safety risk assessments to the Commission and to the Agency every 3 years;
the Member States shall monitor the use of authorisations issued under this paragraph to ensure an acceptable level of aviation safety and take appropriate action in case of identifying an increased safety risk or any other safety concerns.
Until ►M12 8 September 2021 ◄ , a Member State may issue an authorisation to a pilot to exercise specified limited privileges to fly aeroplanes under instrument flight rules before the pilot complies with all of the requirements necessary for the issue of an instrument rating in accordance with this Regulation, subject to the following conditions:
the Member State shall only issue these authorisations when justified by a specific local need which cannot be met by the ratings established under this Regulation;
the scope of the privileges granted by the authorisation shall be based on a safety risk assessment carried out by the Member State, taking into account the extent of training necessary for the intended level of pilot competence to be achieved;
the privileges of the authorisation shall be limited to the airspace of the Member State’s national territory or parts of it;
the authorisation shall be issued to applicants having completed appropriate training with qualified instructors and demonstrated the required competencies to a qualified examiner, as determined by the Member State;
the Member State shall inform the Commission, EASA and the other Member States of the specificities of this authorisation, including its justification and safety risk assessment;
the Member State shall monitor the activities associated with the authorisation to ensure an acceptable level of safety and take appropriate action in case of identifying an increased risk or any safety concerns;
the Member State shall carry out a review of the safety aspects of the implementation of the authorisation and submit a report to the Commission by 8 April 2017 at the latest.
Article 4a
Performance-based navigation instrument rating privileges
A pilot shall be granted PBN privileges where he or she fulfils all of the following requirements:
the pilot has successfully completed a course of theoretical knowledge including PBN, in accordance with FCL.615 of Annex I (Part-FCL);
the pilot has successfully completed flying training including PBN, in accordance with FCL.615 of Annex I (Part-FCL);
the pilot has successfully completed either a skill test in accordance with Appendix 7 to Annex I (Part-FCL) or a skill test or a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 of Annex I (Part-FCL).
Article 4b
Upset prevention and recovery training
Upset prevention and recovery training shall become a mandatory part of a training course for a multi-crew pilot licence (MPL), an integrated training course for airline transport pilots for aeroplanes (ATP(A)), a training course for a commercial pilot licence for aeroplanes (CPL(A)) and training courses for a class or type rating for:
single-pilot aeroplanes operated in multi-pilot operations;
single-pilot non-high-performance complex aeroplanes;
single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes; or
multi-pilot aeroplanes;
in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL).
For training courses referred to in paragraph 1 that commence before 20 December 2019 at an approved training organisation (ATO), upset prevention and recovery training shall not be mandatory provided that:
CPL(A), ATP(A) or MPL training course is otherwise completed in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) and the skill test is completed in compliance with points FCL.320 (CPL), FCL.620 (IR) or FCL.415.A (MPL) of Annex I (Part-FCL) by 20 December 2021 at the latest; or
class or type rating training course for the aeroplanes is otherwise completed in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) and the skill test is completed in compliance with the second subparagraph of paragraph (c) of point FCL.725 of Annex I (Part-FCL) to this Regulation by 20 December 2021 at the latest.
For the purpose of paragraph 1, the competent authority may on its own assessment and pursuant to a recommendation from an ATO give credit for any upset prevention and recovery training completed before 20 December 2019 under national training requirements.
Article 4c
Transitional measures for holders of an en route instrument rating
Up to and including 8 September 2022, holders of an en route instrument rating (‘EIR’) set out in point FCL.825 of Annex I (Part-FCL) shall:
be entitled to continue to exercise the privileges of their EIR;
continue to be entitled to receive revalidation or renewal of their EIR, in accordance with point FCL.825(g) of Annex I (Part-FCL);
be entitled to receive full credit towards the training requirements in point FCL.835(c)(2)(i) and (iii) of Annex I (Part-FCL), when applying for the issue of a basic instrument rating (BIR) in accordance with point FCL.835 of Annex I (Part-FCL); and
continue to be entitled to receive full credit as established for EIR holders in Annex I (Part- FCL).
Article 4d
Transitional measures for single-engine instrument rating privileges for helicopters
Without prejudice to point FCL.630.H of Annex I (Part-FCL) to this Regulation, all of the following shall apply:
instrument ratings for helicopters (IR(H)) issued in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to this Regulation before 30 October 2022 shall be deemed as IR(H) for both single-engine and multi-engine helicopters and shall be reissued as such IR(H), when reissuing a helicopter pilot licence for administrative reasons.
Applicants who before 30 October 2022 commenced training for an IR(H) for either single-engine or multi-engine helicopters shall be allowed to complete that training and, in such a case, be issued with an IR(H) for both single-engine and multi-engine helicopters.
Article 4e
Transitional measures for training, testing and checking related to multi-pilot operations in single-pilot helicopters
Member States may decide to issue specific privileges for conducting training, skill tests and proficiency checks in multi-pilot operation in single-pilot helicopters to applicants who meet all of the following conditions:
hold an instructor or examiner certificate, as applicable, issued in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to this Regulation, including the privileges to instruct or to examine, as applicable, in the relevant type of helicopter;
have completed the training specified in point FCL.735.H of Part-FCL;
have experience in multi-pilot operation in helicopters at a level that is acceptable to the competent authority of that Member State.
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Article 6
Conversion of flight test qualifications
Article 7
Existing national flight engineers’ licences
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Article 9
Credit for training commenced prior to the application of this Regulation
Article 9a
Type rating training and operational suitability data
Article 10
Credit for pilot licences obtained during military service
The credit report shall:
describe the national requirements on the basis of which the military licences, ratings, certificates, authorisations and/or qualifications were issued;
describe the scope of the privileges that were given to the pilots;
indicate for which requirements of Annex I credit is to be given;
indicate any limitations that need to be included on the Part-FCL licences and indicate any requirements pilots have to comply with to remove those limitations;
include copies of all documents necessary to demonstrate the elements above, accompanied by copies of the relevant national requirements and procedures.
Article 10a
Pilot training organisations
Organisations shall, in accordance with Article 24(2) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, be entitled to provide training to pilots involved in the operation of aircraft referred to in points (b)(i) and (ii) of Article (2)(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 only where those organisations have been issued by the competent authority with an approval confirming that they comply with the essential requirements set out in Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and with the requirements of Annex VII to this Regulation.
However, having regard to Article 24(6) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, organisations having their principal place of business in a Member State shall be entitled to provide the training referred to in point DTO.GEN.110 of Annex VIII to this Regulation without such approval inside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention where they have made a declaration to the competent authority in accordance with the requirements laid down in point DTO.GEN.115 of that Annex and, where so required pursuant to point DTO.GEN.230(c) of that Annex, the competent authority has approved the training programme.
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Article 10b
Flight simulation training devices
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Article 10c
Aero-medical centres
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Article 11
Cabin crew medical fitness
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Article 11a
Cabin crew qualifications and related attestations
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Cabin crew members involved in commercial operations of helicopters on the date of application of this Regulation:
shall be deemed to be compliant with the initial training requirements of Annex V if they comply with the applicable training, checking and recency provisions of the JARs for commercial air transportation by helicopters; or
if they do not comply with the applicable training, checking and recency requirements of the JARs for commercial air transportation by helicopters, they shall complete all relevant training and checking required to operate on helicopter(s), except the initial training, before being deemed to be compliant with this Regulation; or
if they have not operated in commercial operations by helicopters for more than 5 years, they shall complete the initial training course and shall pass the related examination as required in Annex V before being deemed to be compliant with this Regulation.
Article 11b
Oversight capabilities
If a Member State designates more than one entity as competent authority:
the areas of competence of each competent authority shall be clearly defined in terms of responsibilities and geographic limitation;
coordination shall be established between those entities to ensure effective oversight of all organisations and persons subject to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules within their respective remits.
Personnel authorised by the competent authority to carry out certification and/or oversight tasks shall be empowered to perform at least the following tasks:
examine the records, data, procedures and any other material relevant to the execution of the certification and/or oversight task;
take copies of or extracts from such records, data, procedures and other material;
ask for an oral explanation on site;
enter relevant premises, operating sites or means of transport;
perform audits, investigations, assessments and inspections, including ramp inspections and unannounced inspections; and
take or initiate enforcement measures as appropriate.
Article 11c
Transitional measures
Member States shall:
by 8 April 2021 at the latest, transfer to EASA all records related to the oversight of organisations that provide training for pilot licences in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/395 and Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 and for which EASA is the competent authority in accordance with Article 78 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 5 );
in coordination with EASA, conclude, certification processes initiated before 8 April 2020 and issue the certificate following which EASA assumes all its responsibilities as a competent authority for those certified organisations.
Article 12
Entry into force and application
It shall apply from 8 April 2012.
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This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
ANNEX I
[PART-FCL]
SUBPART A
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
FCL.001 Competent authority
For the purpose of this Part, the competent authority shall be an authority designated by the Member State to whom a person applies for the issue of pilot licences or associated ratings or certificates.
FCL.005 Scope
This Part establishes the requirements for the issue of pilot licences and associated ratings and certificates and the conditions of their validity and use.
FCL.010 Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex (Part-FCL), the following definitions shall apply:
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FCL.015 Application and issue, revalidation and renewal of licences, ratings and certificates
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(a) |
An application for the issue, revalidation or renewal of pilot licences and associated ratings and certificates as well as any amendment thereto shall be submitted to the competent authority in a form and manner established by that authority. The application shall be accompanied by evidence that applicants comply with the requirements for the issue, revalidation or renewal of the licence or certificate as well as associated ratings or endorsements established in this Annex (Part-FCL) and in Annex IV (Part-MED). |
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(b) |
Unless otherwise specified in this Annex, any limitation or extension of the privileges granted by a licence, rating or certificate shall be endorsed in the licence or certificate by the competent authority. |
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(c) |
A person shall not hold at any time more than one licence per category of aircraft issued in accordance with this Part. |
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(d) |
A licence holder shall submit applications in accordance with paragraph (a) to the competent authority designated by the Member State in which his or her licence was issued in accordance with this Annex (Part-FCL), Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 or with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, as applicable. |
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(e) |
The holder of a licence that has been issued in accordance with this Annex (Part-FCL) may apply to the competent authority designated by another Member State for a change of competent authority relating to all licences held, as specified in paragraph (d). |
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(f) |
For the issue of a licence, rating or certificate the applicant shall apply not later than 6 months after having succeeded at the skill test or assessment of competence. |
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(g) |
Training completed in aircraft or in FSTDs in accordance with Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 shall be taken into account for the experience and revalidation requirements established in this Annex (Part-FCL). |
FCL.020 Student pilot
A student pilot shall not fly solo unless authorised to do so and supervised by a flight instructor.
Before his or her first solo flight, a student pilot shall be at least 16 years of age.
FCL.025 Theoretical knowledge examinations for the issue of licences and ratings
(a) Responsibilities of the applicant
(1) Applicants shall take the entire set of theoretical knowledge examinations for a specific licence or rating under the responsibility of the same Member State’s competent authority.
(2) Applicants shall only take the theoretical knowledge examination when recommended by the declared training organisation (DTO) or the approved training organisation (ATO) responsible for their training, once they have completed the appropriate elements of the training course of theoretical knowledge instruction to a satisfactory standard.
(3) The recommendation by a DTO or an ATO shall be valid for 12 months. If the applicant has failed to attempt at least one theoretical knowledge examination paper within this period of validity, the need for further training shall be determined by the DTO or the ATO, based on the needs of the applicant.
(b) Pass standards
A pass in a theoretical knowledge examination paper will be awarded to an applicant achieving at least 75 % of the marks allocated to that paper. No penalty marking shall be applied.
Unless otherwise determined in this Part, an applicant has successfully completed the required theoretical knowledge examination for the appropriate pilot licence or rating if he or she has passed all the required theoretical knowledge examination papers within a period of 18 months counted from the end of the calendar month when the applicant first attempted an examination.
If an applicant for the ATPL theoretical knowledge examination, or for the issue of a commercial pilot licence (CPL), or an instrument rating (IR) has failed to pass one of the theoretical knowledge examination papers within four attempts, or has failed to pass all papers within either six sittings or within the period mentioned in point (b)(2), he or she shall retake the complete set of theoretical knowledge examination papers.
If applicants for the issue of a light aircraft pilot licence (LAPL) or a private pilot licence (PPL) have failed to pass one of the theoretical knowledge examination papers within four attempts or have failed to pass all papers within the period mentioned in point (b)(2), they shall retake the complete set of theoretical knowledge examination papers.
Before retaking the theoretical knowledge examinations, applicants shall undertake further training at a DTO or an ATO. The extent and scope of the training needed shall be determined by the DTO or the ATO, based on the needs of the applicants.
(c) Validity period
(1) The successful completion of the theoretical knowledge examinations will be valid:
for the issue of a light aircraft pilot licence or a private pilot licence, for a period of 24 months;
for the issue of a commercial pilot licence or instrument rating (IR), for a period of 36 months;
for the issue of a basic instrument rating (BIR), for an unlimited duration.
The periods in paragraphs (i) and (ii) shall be counted from the day on which the pilots have successfully completed the theoretical knowledge examination, in accordance with paragraph (b)(2).
(2) The completion of the airline transport pilot licence (ATPL) theoretical knowledge examinations will remain valid for the issue of an ATPL for a period of 7 years from the last validity date of:
an IR entered in the licence; or
in the case of helicopters, a helicopter’s type rating entered in that licence.
FCL.030 Practical skill test
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(a) |
Before a skill test for the issue of a licence, rating or certificate is taken, the applicant shall have passed the required theoretical knowledge examination, except in the case of applicants undergoing a course of integrated flying training. In any case, the theoretical knowledge instruction shall always have been completed before the skill tests are taken. |
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(b) |
Except for the issue of an airline transport pilot licence, the applicant for a skill test shall be recommended for the test by the organisation/person responsible for the training, once the training is completed. The training records shall be made available to the examiner. |
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(c) |
For the issue of a BIR, the applicant for a skill test must first complete all training modules and be recommended for the skill test by an ATO. His or her training records shall be made available to the examiner, by the ATO. |
FCL.035 Crediting of flight time and theoretical knowledge
(a) Crediting of flight time
(1) Unless otherwise specified in this Part, flight time to be credited for a licence, rating or certificate shall have been flown in the same category of aircraft for which the licence, rating or certificate is sought.
(2) PIC or under instruction.
An applicant for a licence, rating or certificate shall be credited in full with all solo, dual instruction or PIC flight time towards the total flight time required for the licence, rating or certificate.
A graduate of an ATP integrated training course is entitled to be credited with up to 50 hours of student pilot-in-command instrument time towards the PIC time required for the issue of the airline transport pilot licence, commercial pilot licence and a multi-engine type or class rating.
A graduate of a CPL/IR integrated training course is entitled to be credited with up to 50 hours of the student pilot-in-command instrument time towards the PIC time required for the issue of the commercial pilot licence and a multi-engine type or class rating.
(3) Flight time as co-pilot or PICUS. Unless otherwise determined in this Part, the holder of a pilot licence, when acting as co-pilot or PICUS, is entitled to be credited with all of the co-pilot time towards the total flight time required for a higher grade of pilot licence.
(4) All hours flown in aeroplanes or TMGs that are subject to a decision of a Member State taken in accordance with points (a) or (c) of Article 2(8) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 or that fall within the scope of Annex I to that Regulation shall be credited in full towards fulfilling the flight time requirements of point FCL.140.A(a)(1) and point FCL.740.A(b)(1)(ii) of this Annex, provided that the following conditions are met:
the aeroplane or TMG concerned is of the same category and class as the Part-FCL aircraft in respect of which the hours flown are to be credited;
in case of training flights with an instructor, the aeroplane or TMG used is subject to an authorisation specified in point ORA.ATO.135 of Annex VII (Part-ORA) or point DTO.GEN.240 of Annex VIII (Part-DTO).
(b) Crediting of theoretical knowledge
Applicants that have passed the theoretical knowledge examination for an airline transport pilot licence shall be credited towards the requirements for the theoretical knowledge for the light aircraft pilot licence, the private pilot licence, the commercial pilot licence and, except in the case of helicopters, the IR and the BIR in the same category of aircraft.
Applicants that have passed the theoretical knowledge examination for a commercial pilot licence shall be credited towards the requirements for the theoretical knowledge for:
the light aircraft pilot licence in the same category of aircraft;
the private pilot licence in the same category of aircraft; and
the subject ‘communications’ for the BIR. This credit shall include the IFR part of the subject ‘communications’ only if that subject was completed in accordance with point FCL.310, as applicable as of 20 December 2019.
Holders of an IR or applicants that have passed the IR theoretical knowledge examination for a category of aircraft shall be credited towards the requirements for the theoretical knowledge instruction and examination for:
the IR in another category of aircraft; and
the BIR.
Holders of a pilot licence shall be credited towards the requirements for theoretical knowledge instruction and examination for a licence in another category of aircraft in accordance with Appendix 1 to this Part. This credit also applies to applicants for a pilot licence who have already successfully completed the theoretical knowledge examinations for the issue of that licence in another category of aircraft, as long as the theoretical knowledge examination is within the validity period specified in point FCL.025(c).
By way of derogation from paragraph (b)(3), holders of an IR(A) who have completed a competency-based modular IR(A) course shall be fully credited towards the requirements for theoretical knowledge instruction and examination for an IR in another category of aircraft only if they have also passed the theoretical knowledge instruction and examination for the IFR part of the course required in accordance with point ►M14 FCL.720.A.(a)(2)(ii)(A) ◄ .
FCL.040 Exercise of the privileges of licences
The exercise of the privileges granted by a licence shall be dependent upon the validity of the ratings contained therein, if applicable, and of the medical certificate as appropriate to the privileges exercised.
FCL.045 Obligation to carry and present documents
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(a) |
A valid licence and a valid medical certificate shall always be carried by the pilot when exercising the privileges of the licence. |
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(b) |
The pilot shall also carry a personal identification document containing his/her photo. |
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(c) |
A pilot or a student pilot shall without undue delay present his/her flight time record for inspection upon request by an authorised representative of a competent authority. |
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(d) |
A student pilot shall carry on all solo cross-country flights evidence of the authorisation required by FCL.020(a). |
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(e) |
A pilot intending to fly outside Union territory on an aircraft registered in a Member State other than the one that issued the flight crew licence shall carry, in print or in electronic format, the latest issue of the ICAO attachment, which includes a reference to the ICAO registration number of the agreement that recognises the automatic validation of licences, as well as the list of States which are party to this agreement. |
FCL.050 Recording of flight time
The pilot shall keep a reliable record of the details of all flights flown in a form and manner established by the competent authority.
FCL.055 Language proficiency
General. Aeroplane, helicopter, powered-lift and airship pilots required to use the radio telephone shall not exercise the privileges of their licences and ratings unless they have a language proficiency endorsement on their licence in either English or the language used for radio communications involved in the flight. The endorsement shall indicate the language, the proficiency level and the validity date, and it shall be obtained in accordance with a procedure established by a competent authority. The minimum acceptable proficiency level is the operational level (Level 4) in accordance with Appendix 2 to this Annex.
The applicant for a language proficiency endorsement shall demonstrate, in accordance with Appendix 2 to this Annex, at least an operational level of language proficiency both in the use of phraseologies and plain language to an assessor certified by a competent authority or a language-testing body approved by a competent authority as applicable. To do so, the applicant shall demonstrate the ability to:
communicate effectively in voice-only and in face-to-face situations;
communicate on common and work-related topics with accuracy and clarity;
use appropriate communicative strategies to exchange messages and to recognise and resolve misunderstandings in a general or work-related context;
handle successfully the linguistic challenges presented by a complication or unexpected turn of events which occurs within the context of a routine work situation or communicative task with which they are otherwise familiar; and
use a dialect or accent which is intelligible to the aeronautical community.
Except for pilots who have demonstrated language proficiency at the expert level (level 6) in accordance with Appendix 2 to this Annex, the language proficiency endorsement shall be re-evaluated every:
4 years, if the level demonstrated is operational level (level 4); or
6 years, if the level demonstrated is extended level (level 5).
Specific requirements for holders of an instrument rating (IR). By way of derogation from the paragraphs above, holders of an IR shall have demonstrated the ability to use the English language at the appropriate proficiency level as defined in Appendix 2 to this Annex.
The demonstration of language proficiency and the use of the English language for IR holders shall be done through a method of assessment established by any competent authority.
FCL.060 Recent experience
|
(b) |
Aeroplanes, helicopters, powered-lift aircraft and airships. A pilot shall not operate an aircraft in commercial air transport or to carry passengers:
(1)
as PIC or co-pilot unless he or she has carried out, in the preceding 90 days, at least 3 take-offs, approaches and landings as a pilot flying in an aircraft of the same type or class or an FFS representing that type or class. The 3 take-offs and landings shall be performed in either multi-pilot or single-pilot operations, depending on the privileges held by the pilot; and
(2)
as PIC at night unless he/she:
(i)
has carried out in the preceding 90 days at least 1 take-off, approach and landing at night as a pilot flying in an aircraft of the same type or class or an FFS representing that type or class; or
(ii)
holds an IR;
(3)
as cruise relief co-pilot unless he/she:
(i)
has complied with the requirements in (b)(1); or
(ii)
has carried out in the preceding 90 days at least 3 sectors as a cruise relief pilot on the same type or class of aircraft; or
(iii)
has carried out recency and refresher flying skill training in an FFS at intervals not exceeding 90 days. This refresher training may be combined with the operator’s refresher training prescribed in the relevant requirements of Part-ORO.
(4)
When a pilot has the privilege to operate more than one type of aeroplane with similar handling and operation characteristics, the 3 take-offs, approaches and landings required in (1) may be performed as defined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21.
(5)
When a pilot has the privilege to operate more than one type of non-complex helicopter with similar handling and operation characteristics, as defined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21, the 3 take-offs, approaches and landings required in (1) may be performed in just one of the types, provided that the pilot has completed at least 2 hours of flight in each of the types of helicopter, during the preceding 6 months. |
|
(c) |
Specific requirements for commercial air transport:
(1)
In the case of commercial air transport, the 90-day period prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(1) and (2) above may be extended up to a maximum of 120 days, as long as the pilot undertakes line flying under the supervision of a type rating instructor or examiner.
(2)
If the pilot does not comply with the requirement in point (1), he or she shall complete a training flight with an instructor qualified in accordance with Subpart J to instruct for that aircraft type. The training flight shall be performed in the aircraft or an FFS of the aircraft type to be used, and shall include at least the requirements described in points (b)(1) and (2) before he or she can exercise his/her privileges. |
FCL.065 Curtailment of privileges of licence holders aged 60 years or more in commercial air transport
|
(a) |
Age 60-64. Aeroplanes and helicopters. The holder of a pilot licence who has attained the age of 60 years shall not act as a pilot of an aircraft engaged in commercial air transport except as a member of a multi-pilot crew. |
|
(b) |
Age 65. Holders of a pilot licence who has attained the age of 65 years shall not act as a pilot of an aircraft that is engaged in commercial air transport. |
▼M12 —————
FCL.070 Revocation, suspension and limitation of licences, ratings and certificates
|
(a) |
Licences, ratings and certificates issued in accordance with this Part may be limited, suspended or revoked by the competent authority when the pilot does not comply with the requirements of this Part, Part-Medical or the applicable operational requirements, in accordance with the conditions and procedures laid down in Part-ARA. |
|
(b) |
When the pilot has his/her licence suspended or revoked, he/she shall immediately return the licence or certificate to the competent authority. |
SUBPART B
LIGHT AIRCRAFT PILOT LICENCE — LAPL
SECTION 1
Common requirements
FCL.100 LAPL — Minimum age
Applicants for the LAPL for aeroplanes or helicopters shall be at least 17 years old.
FCL.105 LAPL — Privileges and conditions
|
(a) |
General. The privileges of the holder of an LAPL are to act without remuneration as PIC in non-commercial operations on the appropriate aircraft category. |
|
(b) |
Conditions. Applicants for the LAPL shall have fulfilled the requirements for the relevant aircraft category and, when applicable, for the class or type of aircraft used in the skill test. |
FCL.110 LAPL — Crediting for the same aircraft category
|
(a) |
Applicants for an LAPL who have held another licence in the same category of aircraft shall be fully credited towards the requirements of the LAPL in that category of aircraft. |
|
(b) |
Without prejudice to the paragraph above, if the licence has lapsed, the applicant shall have to pass a skill test in accordance with FCL.125 for the issue of an LAPL in the appropriate aircraft category. |
FCL.115 LAPL — Training course
Applicants for an LAPL shall complete a training course at a DTO or an ATO.
The course shall include theoretical knowledge and flight instruction appropriate to the privileges of the LAPL applied for.
Theoretical knowledge instruction and flight instruction may be completed at a DTO or at an ATO different from the one where applicants have commenced their training.
For the training for the single-engine piston aeroplanes-sea class privilege, the elements of Appendix 9 to this Annex, point 7 (Class ratings – sea) of Section B (Specific requirements for the aeroplane category) shall be considered.
FCL.120 LAPL — Theoretical knowledge examination
Applicants for an LAPL shall demonstrate a level of theoretical knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted, through examinations on the following:
common subjects:
specific subjects concerning the different aircraft categories:
FCL.125 LAPL — Skill test
|
(a) |
Applicants for an LAPL shall demonstrate through the completion of a skill test the ability to perform, as PIC on the appropriate aircraft category, the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with competency appropriate to the privileges granted. |
|
(b) |
Applicants for the skill test shall have received flight instruction on the same class or type of aircraft to be used for the skill test. The privileges will be restricted to the class or type used for the skill test until further extensions are endorsed on the licence, in accordance with this Subpart. |
|
(c) |
Pass marks
(1) The skill test shall be divided into different sections, representing all the different phases of flight appropriate to the category of aircraft flown. (2) Failure in any item of a section will cause the applicant to fail the entire section. If the applicant fails only 1 section, he/she shall repeat only that section. Failure in more than 1 section will cause the applicant to fail the entire test. (3) When the test needs to be repeated in accordance with (2), failure in any section, including those that have been passed on a previous attempt, will cause the applicant to fail the entire test. (4) Failure to achieve a pass in all sections of the test in 2 attempts will require further practical training. |
SECTION 2
Specific requirements for the LAPL for aeroplanes — LAPL(A)
FCL.105.A LAPL(A) — Privileges and conditions
(a) Privileges
The privileges of the holder of an LAPL for aeroplanes are to act as PIC on single-engine piston aeroplanes-land (SEP(land)), single-engine piston aeroplanes-sea (SEP(sea)) or TMG with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 2000 kg or less, carrying a maximum of 3 passengers, such that there are always a maximum of 4 persons on board of the aircraft.
(b) Conditions
Holders of a LAPL(A) shall carry passengers only if they have completed 10 hours of flight time as PIC on aeroplanes or TMG after the issuance of the licence.
Holders of a LAPL(A) who previously held an ATPL(A), an MPL(A), a CPL(A) or a PPL(A), are exempted from the requirements laid down in point (b)(1).
FCL.110.A LAPL(A) — Experience requirements and crediting
|
(a) |
Applicants for an LAPL(A) shall have completed at least 30 hours of flight instruction on aeroplanes or TMGs, including at least:
(1)
15 hours of dual flight instruction in the class in which the skill test will be taken;
(2)
6 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 3 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 150 km (80 NM), during which 1 full stop landing at an aerodrome different from the aerodrome of departure shall be made. |
|
(b) |
Specific requirements for applicants who hold an SPL issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, including privileges to fly TMGs. Applicants for an LAPL(A) who hold an SPL with the privileges to fly TMGs shall have completed at least 21 hours of flight time on TMGs after the endorsement of the TMG privileges and shall comply with the requirements of point FCL.135.A(a) on aeroplanes. |
|
(c) |
Crediting. Applicants with prior experience as PIC may be credited towards the requirements of point (a). The amount of credit shall be decided by the DTO or the ATO where the pilot undergoes the training course, on the basis of a pre-entry flight test, but shall in any case:
(1)
not exceed the total flight time as PIC;
(2)
not exceed 50 % of the hours required in point (a);
(3)
not include the requirements of point (a)(2). |
FCL.135.A LAPL(A) — Extension of privileges to another class or variant of aeroplane
|
(a) |
The privileges of an LAPL(A) shall be limited to the class and variant of aeroplanes or TMG in which the skill test was taken. This limitation may be removed when the pilot has completed in another class the requirements below:
(1)
3 hours of flight instruction, including:
(i)
10 dual take-offs and landings; and
(ii)
10 supervised solo take-offs and landings.
(2)
a skill test to demonstrate an adequate level of practical skill in the new class. During this skill test, the applicant shall also demonstrate to the examiner an adequate level of theoretical knowledge for the other class in the following subjects:
(i)
Operational procedures;
(ii)
Flight performance and planning;
(iii)
Aircraft general knowledge. |
|
(b) |
In order to extend the privileges to another variant within a class, the pilot shall either undertake differences training or do a familiarisation. The differences training shall be entered in the pilot’s logbook or into an equivalent record and be signed by the instructor. |
|
(c) |
Applicants for the extension of privileges of the LAPL(A) to TMG who also hold an SPL in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, including the privileges to fly on TMGs, shall receive full credits towards the requirements in paragraph (a). |
FCL.140.A LAPL(A) — Recency requirements
(a) Holders of a LAPL(A) shall exercise the privileges of their licence only if in the last 2 years they have met any of the following conditions as pilots of aeroplanes or TMGs:
they have completed at least 12 hours of flight time as PIC or flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor, including:
they have passed a LAPL(A) proficiency check with an examiner. The proficiency check programme shall be based on the skill test for the LAPL(A);
(b) If holders of a LAPL(A) hold both a SEP(land) and a SEP(sea) privilege, they may comply with the requirements in point (a)(1) in either class or a combination thereof which shall be valid for both privileges. For this purpose, at least 1 hour of the required flight time and 6 out of the required 12 take-offs and landings shall be completed in each class.
SECTION 3
Specific requirements for the LAPL for helicopters — LAPL(H)
FCL.105.H LAPL(H) — Privileges
The privileges of the holder of an LAPL for helicopters are to act as PIC on single-engine helicopters with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 2 000 kg or less, carrying a maximum of 3 passengers, such that there are never more than 4 persons on board.
FCL.110.H LAPL(H) — Experience requirements and crediting
|
(a) |
Applicants for the LAPL(H) shall have completed 40 hours of flight instruction on helicopters. At least 35 hours of which shall be flown on the type of helicopter that is to be used for the skill test. The flight instruction shall include at least:
(1)
20 hours of dual flight instruction; and
(2)
10 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 150 km (80 NM), during which one full stop landing at an aerodrome different from the aerodrome of departure shall be made. |
|
(b) |
Crediting. Applicants with prior experience as PIC may be credited towards the requirements of point (a). The amount of credit shall be decided by the DTO or the ATO where the pilot undergoes the training course, on the basis of a pre-entry flight test, but shall in any case:
(1)
not exceed the total flight time as PIC;
(2)
not exceed 50 % of the hours required in point (a);
(3)
not include the requirements of point (a)(2). |
FCL.135.H LAPL(H) — Extension of privileges to another type or variant of helicopter
|
(a) |
The privileges of an LAPL(H) shall be limited to the specific type and variant of helicopter in which the skill test was taken. This limitation may be removed when the pilot has completed:
(1)
5 hours of flight instruction, including:
(i)
15 dual take-offs, approaches and landings;
(ii)
15 supervised solo take-offs, approaches and landings;
(2)
a skill test to demonstrate an adequate level of practical skill in the new type. During this skill test, the applicant shall also demonstrate to the examiner an adequate level of theoretical knowledge for the other type in the following subjects:
—
Operational procedures,
—
Flight performance and planning,
—
Aircraft general knowledge.
|
|
(b) |
Before the holder of an LAPL(H) can exercise the privileges of the licence in another variant of helicopter than the one used for the skill test, the pilot shall undertake differences or familiarisation training, as determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21. The differences training shall be entered in the pilot’s logbook or equivalent record and signed by the instructor. |
FCL.140.H LAPL(H) — Recency requirements
Holders of an LAPL(H) shall exercise the privileges of their licence on a specific type only if in the last 12 months they have either:
completed at least six hours of flight time on helicopters of that type as PIC, or flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor, including six take-offs, approaches and landings and completed a refresher training of at least 1 hour of total flight time with an instructor;
passed a proficiency check with an examiner on the specific type before resuming the exercise of the privileges of their licence. That proficiency check programme shall be based on the skill test for the LAPL(H).
▼M12 —————
SUBPART C
PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE (PPL)
SECTION 1
Common requirements
FCL.200 Minimum age
Applicants for a PPL shall be at least 17 years old.
FCL.205 Conditions
Applicants for the issue of a PPL shall have fulfilled the requirements for the class or type rating for the aircraft used in the skill test, as established in Subpart H.
FCL.210 Training course
Applicants for a PPL shall complete a training course at an ATO or a DTO.
The course shall include theoretical knowledge and flight instruction appropriate to the privileges of the PPL applied for.
Theoretical knowledge instruction and flight instruction may be completed at a DTO or at an ATO different from the one where applicants have commenced their training.
FCL.215 Theoretical knowledge examination
Applicants for a PPL shall demonstrate a level of theoretical knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted through examinations in the following subjects:
common subjects:
specific subjects concerning the different aircraft categories:
FCL.235 Skill test
|
(a) |
Through the completion of a skill test, applicants for a PPL shall demonstrate the ability to perform as PIC on the appropriate aircraft category the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with the competency appropriate to the privileges granted. |
|
(b) |
Applicants for the skill test shall have received flight instruction on the same class or type of aircraft to be used for the skill test. |
|
(c) |
Pass marks (1) The skill test shall be divided into different sections, representing all the different phases of flight appropriate to the category of aircraft flown. (2) Failure in any item of a section will cause the applicant to fail the entire section. If the applicant fails only 1 section, he/she shall repeat only that section. Failure in more than 1 section will cause the applicant to fail the entire test. (3) When the test needs to be repeated in accordance with (2), failure in any section, including those that have been passed on a previous attempt, will cause the applicant to fail the entire test. (4) Failure to achieve a pass in all sections of the test in 2 attempts will require further training. |
SECTION 2
Specific requirements for the PPL aeroplanes — PPL(A)
FCL.205.A PPL(A) — Privileges
|
(a) |
The privileges of the holders of a PPL(A) are to act without remuneration as PIC or co-pilots of aeroplanes or TMGs engaged in non-commercial operations and to exercise all privileges of holders of an LAPL(A). |
|
(b) |
Notwithstanding the paragraph above, the holder of a PPL(A) with instructor or examiner privileges may receive remuneration for:
(1)
the provision of flight instruction for the LAPL(A) or PPL(A);
(2)
the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for these licences;
(3)
the training, testing and checking for the ratings or certificates attached to this licence. |
FCL.210.A PPL(A) — Experience requirements and crediting
|
(a) |
Applicants for a PPL(A) shall have completed at least 45 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes or TMGs, 5 of which may have been completed in an FSTD, including at least:
(1)
25 hours of dual flight instruction; and
(2)
10 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 270 km (150 NM), during which full stop landings at 2 aerodromes different from the aerodrome of departure shall be made. |
|
(b) |
Specific requirements for applicants holding an LAPL(A). Applicants for a PPL(A) holding an LAPL(A) shall have completed at least 15 hours of flight time on aeroplanes after the issue of the LAPL(A), of which at least 10 shall be flight instruction completed in a training course at a DTO or at an ATO. That training course shall include at least four hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least two hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least one cross-country flight of at least 270 km (150 NM), during which full stop landings at two aerodromes different from the aerodrome of departure shall be made. |
|
(c) |
Specific requirements for applicants who hold an SPL issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, including privileges to fly TMGs. Applicants for a PPL(A) who hold an SPL with the privileges to fly TMGs shall have completed:
(1)
at least 24 hours of flight time on TMGs after endorsement of the TMG privileges; and
(2)
at least 15 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes in a training course at a DTO or at an ATO, including at least the requirements of point (a)(2). |
|
(d) |
Crediting. Applicants holding a pilot licence for another category of aircraft, with the exception of balloons, shall be credited with 10 % of their total flight time as PIC on such aircraft up to a maximum of 10 hours. The amount of credit given shall in any case not include the requirements in (a)(2). |
SECTION 3
Specific requirements for the PPL helicopters — PPL(H)
FCL.205.H PPL(H) — Privileges
|
(a) |
The privileges of the holder of a PPL(H) are to act without remuneration as PIC or co-pilot of helicopters engaged in non-commercial operations and to exercise all privileges of holders of an LAPL(H). |
|
(b) |
Notwithstanding the paragraph above, the holder of a PPL(H) with instructor or examiner privileges may receive remuneration for:
(1)
the provision of flight instruction for the LAPL(H) or the PPL(H);
(2)
the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for these licences;
(3)
the training, testing and checking for the ratings and certificates attached to this licence. |
FCL.210.H PPL(H) — Experience requirements and crediting
|
(a) |
Applicants for a PPL(H) shall have completed at least 45 hours of flight instruction on helicopters, 5 of which may have been completed in an FNPT or FFS, including at least:
(1)
25 hours of dual flight instruction; and
(2)
10 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 185 km (100 NM), with full stop landings at 2 aerodromes different from the aerodrome of departure.
(3)
35 of the 45 hours of flight instruction have to be completed on the same type of helicopter as the one used for the skill test. |
|
(b) |
Specific requirements for an applicant holding an LAPL(H). Applicants for a PPL(H) holding an LAPL(H) shall complete a training course at a DTO or at an ATO. That training course shall include at least five hours of dual flight instruction time and at least one supervised solo cross-country flight of at least 185 km (100 NM), with full stop landings at two aerodromes different from the aerodrome of departure. |
|
(c) |
Applicants holding a pilot licence for another category of aircraft, with the exception of balloons, shall be credited with 10 % of their total flight time as PIC on such aircraft up to a maximum of 6 hours. The amount of credit given shall in any case not include the requirements in (a)(2). |
SECTION 4
Specific requirements for the PPL airships — PPL(As)
FCL.205.As PPL(As) — Privileges
|
(a) |
The privileges of the holder of a PPL(As) are to act without remuneration as PIC or co-pilot on airships engaged in non-commercial operations. |
|
(b) |
Notwithstanding the paragraph above, the holder of a PPL(As) with instructor or examiner privileges may receive remuneration for:
(1)
the provision of flight instruction for the PPL(As);
(2)
the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for this licence;
(3)
the training, testing and checking for the ratings or certificates attached to this licence. |
FCL.210.As PPL(As) — Experience requirements and crediting
|
(a) |
Applicants for a PPL(As) shall have completed at least 35 hours of flight instruction in airships, 5 of which may have been completed in an FSTD, including at least:
(1)
25 hours of dual flight instruction, including:
(i)
3 hours of cross-country flight training, including 1 cross-country flight of at least 65 km (35 NM);
(ii)
3 hours of instrument instruction;
(2)
8 take-offs and landings at an aerodrome, including masting and unmasting procedures;
(3)
8 hours of supervised solo flight time. |
|
(b) |
Applicants who hold a BPL issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 and are qualified to fly hot-air airships shall be credited with 10 % of their total flight time as PIC on such airships and up to a maximum of 5 hours. |
▼M12 —————
SUBPART D
COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENCE — CPL
SECTION 1
Common requirements
FCL.300 CPL — Minimum age
An applicant for a CPL shall be at least 18 years of age.
FCL.305 CPL — Privileges and conditions
|
(a) |
Privileges. The privileges of the holder of a CPL are, within the appropriate aircraft category, to:
(1)
exercise all the privileges of the holder of an LAPL and a PPL;
(2)
act as PIC or co-pilot of any aircraft engaged in operations other than commercial air transport;
(3)
act as PIC in commercial air transport of any single-pilot aircraft subject to the restrictions specified in FCL.060 and in this Subpart;
(4)
act as co-pilot in commercial air transport subject to the restrictions specified in FCL.060. |
|
(b) |
Conditions. An applicant for the issue of a CPL shall have fulfilled the requirements for the class or type rating of the aircraft used in the skill test. |
FCL.310 CPL — Theoretical knowledge examinations
Applicants for the issue of a CPL shall demonstrate a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted in the following subjects:
air law;
aircraft general knowledge — airframe/systems/power plant;
aircraft general knowledge — instrumentation;
mass and balance;
performance;
flight planning and monitoring;
human performance;
meteorology;
general navigation;
radio navigation;
operational procedures;
principles of flight; and
communications.
FCL.315 CPL — Training course
An applicant for a CPL shall have completed theoretical knowledge instruction and flight instruction at an ATO, in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Part.
FCL.320 CPL — Skill test
An applicant for a CPL shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 4 to this Part to demonstrate the ability to perform, as PIC of the appropriate aircraft category, the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with the competency appropriate to the privileges granted.
SECTION 2
Specific requirements for the aeroplane category — CPL(A)
FCL.315.A CPL — Training course
Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction for the issue of a CPL(A) shall include upset prevention and recovery training.
FCL.325.A CPL(A) — Specific conditions for MPL holders
Before exercising the privileges of a CPL(A), the holder of an MPL shall have completed in aeroplanes:
70 hours of flight time:
as PIC; or
made up of at least 10 hours as PIC and the additional flight time as PIC under supervision (PICUS).
Of these 70 hours, 20 shall be of VFR cross-country flight time as PIC, or cross-country flight time made up of at least 10 hours as PIC and 10 hours as PICUS. This shall include a VFR cross-country flight of at least 540 km (300 NM) in the course of which full-stop landings at two different aerodromes shall be flown as PIC;
the elements of the CPL(A) modular course as specified in paragraphs 10(a) and 11 of Appendix 3, E to this Part; and
the CPL(A) skill test, in accordance with FCL.320.
SUBPART E
MULTI-CREW PILOT LICENCE — MPL
FCL.400.A MPL — Minimum age
An applicant for an MPL shall be at least 18 years of age.
FCL.405.A MPL — Privileges
|
(a) |
The privileges of the holder of an MPL are to act as co-pilot in an aeroplane required to be operated with a co-pilot. |
|
(b) |
The holder of an MPL may obtain the extra privileges of:
(1)
the holder of a PPL(A), provided that the requirements for the PPL(A) specified in Subpart C are met;
(2)
a CPL(A), provided that the requirements specified in FCL.325.A are met. |
|
(c) |
The holder of an MPL shall have the privileges of his/her IR(A) limited to aeroplanes required to be operated with a co-pilot. The privileges of the IR(A) may be extended to single-pilot operations in aeroplanes, provided that the licence holder has completed the training necessary to act as PIC in single-pilot operations exercised solely by reference to instruments and passed the skill test of the IR(A) as a single-pilot. |
FCL.410.A MPL – Training course and theoretical knowledge examinations
(a) Course
Applicants for the issue of an MPL shall have completed a training course of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction at an ATO in accordance with Appendix 5 to this Annex (Part-FCL).
(b) Examination
Applicants for the issue of an MPL shall demonstrate a level of theoretical knowledge appropriate to the holders of an ATPL(A), in accordance with FCL.515, and to a multi-pilot type rating.
FCL.415.A MPL — Practical skill
|
(a) |
An applicant for an MPL shall have demonstrated through continuous assessment the skills required for fulfilling all the competency units specified in Appendix 5 to this Part, as pilot flying and pilot not flying, in a multi-engine turbine-powered multi-pilot aeroplane, under VFR and IFR. |
|
(b) |
On completion of the training course, the applicant shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part, to demonstrate the ability to perform the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with the competency appropriate to the privileges granted. The skill test shall be taken in the type of aeroplane used on the advanced phase of the MPL integrated training course or in an FFS representing the same type. |
SUBPART F
AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENCE — ATPL
SECTION 1
Common requirements
FCL.500 ATPL — Minimum age
Applicants for an ATPL shall be at least 21 years of age.
FCL.505 ATPL — Privileges
|
(a) |
The privileges of the holder of an ATPL are, within the appropriate aircraft category, to:
(1)
exercise all the privileges of the holder of an LAPL, a PPL and a CPL;
(2)
act as PIC of aircraft engaged in commercial air transport. |
|
(b) |
Applicants for the issue of an ATPL shall have fulfilled the requirements for the type rating of the aircraft used in the skill test. |
FCL.515 ATPL — Training course and theoretical knowledge examinations
(a) Course
Applicants for an ATPL shall have completed a training course at an ATO. The course shall be either an integrated training course or a modular course, in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Annex (Part-FCL).
(b) Examination
Applicants for the issue of an ATPL shall demonstrate a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted in the following subjects:
air law;
aircraft general knowledge — airframe/systems/power plant;
aircraft general knowledge — instrumentation;
mass and balance;
performance;
flight planning and monitoring;
human performance;
meteorology;
general navigation;
radio navigation;
operational procedures;
principles of flight; and
communications.
SECTION 2
Specific requirements for the aeroplane category — ATPL(A)
FCL.505.A ATPL(A) — Restriction of privileges for pilots previously holding an MPL
When the holder of an ATPL(A) has previously held only an MPL, the privileges of the licence shall be restricted to multi-pilot operations, unless the holder has complied with FCL.405.A(b)(2) and (c) for single-pilot operations.
FCL.510.A ATPL(A) — Prerequisites, experience and crediting
|
(a) |
Prerequisites. Applicants for an ATPL(A) shall hold:
(1)
an MPL; or
(2)
a CPL(A) and a multi-engine IR for aeroplanes. In this case, the applicant shall also have received instruction in MCC. |
|
(b) |
Experience. Applicants for an ATPL(A) shall have completed a minimum of 1 500 hours of flight time in aeroplanes, including at least:
(1)
500 hours in multi-pilot operations on aeroplanes;
(2)
(i)
500 hours as PIC under supervision; or
(ii)
250 hours as PIC; or
(iii)
250 hours, including at least 70 hours as PIC, and the remaining as PIC under supervision;
(3)
200 hours of cross-country flight time of which at least 100 hours shall be as PIC or as PIC under supervision;
(4)
75 hours of instrument time of which not more than 30 hours may be instrument ground time; and
(5)
100 hours of night flight as PIC or co-pilot. Of the 1 500 hours of flight time, up to 100 hours of flight time may have been completed in an FFS and FNPT. Of these 100 hours, only a maximum of 25 hours may be completed in an FNPT. |
|
(c) |
Crediting.
(1)
Holders of a pilot licence for other categories of aircraft shall be credited with flight time up to a maximum of:
(i)
for TMG or sailplanes, 30 hours flown as PIC;
(ii)
for helicopters, 50 % of all the flight time requirements of paragraph (b).
(2)
Holders of a flight engineer licence issued in accordance with applicable national rules shall be credited with 50 % of the flight engineer time up to a maximum credit of 250 hours. These 250 hours may be credited against the 1 500 hours requirement of paragraph (b), and the 500 hours requirement of paragraph (b)(1), provided that the total credit given against any of these paragraphs does not exceed 250 hours. |
|
(d) |
The experience required in (b) shall be completed before the skill test for the ATPL(A) is taken. |
FCL.520.A ATPL(A) — Skill test
Applicants for an ATPL(A) shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part to demonstrate the ability to perform, as PIC of a multi-pilot aeroplane under IFR, the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with the competency appropriate to the privileges granted.
The skill test shall be taken in the aeroplane or an adequately qualified FFS representing the same type.
SECTION 3
Specific requirements for the helicopter category — ATPL(H)
FCL.510.H ATPL(H) – Prerequisites, experience and crediting
Applicants for an ATPL(H) shall:
hold a CPL(H);
have received instruction in MCC in accordance with point FCL.735.H;
have completed as a pilot of helicopters a minimum of 1 000 hours of flight time including at least:
350 hours in multi-pilot operations in helicopters;
250 hours as PIC; or
100 hours as PIC and 150 hours as PIC under supervision; or
250 hours as PIC under supervision in multi-pilot helicopters. In this case, the ATPL(H) privileges shall be limited to multi-pilot operations only, until 100 hours as PIC have been completed;
200 hours of cross-country flight time of which at least 100 hours shall be as PIC or as PIC under supervision;
30 hours of instrument time of which not more than 10 hours may be instrument ground time; and
100 hours of night flight as PIC or as co-pilot.
Of the 1 000 hours, a maximum of 100 hours may have been completed in an FSTD, of which not more than 25 hours may be completed in an FNPT;
flight time in aeroplanes shall be credited up to 50 % against the flight time requirements of point (c);
the experience required in point (c) shall be completed before the skill test for the ATPL(H) is taken;
applicants for an ATPL(H) shall receive a full credit for the requirement in point (b) when they comply with point FCL.720.H(a)(2)(ii) and, additionally, have received training at an ATO to meet the necessary standard for the successful completion of the course as per point FCL.735.H.
FCL.520.H ATPL(H) — Skill test
Applicants for an ATPL(H) shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part to demonstrate the ability to perform as PIC of a multi-pilot helicopter the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with the competency appropriate to the privileges granted.
The skill test shall be taken in the helicopter or an adequately qualified FFS representing the same type.
SUBPART G
INSTRUMENT RATING — IR
SECTION 1
Common requirements
FCL.600 IR — General
Except as provided in point FCL.835, operations under IFR on an aeroplane, helicopter, airship or powered-lift aircraft shall be conducted only by holders of a PPL, CPL, MPL and ATPL with an IR appropriate to the category of aircraft or, if an IR appropriate to the category of aircraft is not available, only while undergoing skill testing or dual instruction.
FCL.605 IR – Privileges and conditions
Privileges
The privileges of holders of an IR are to fly aircraft under IFR, including PBN operations, with a minimum decision height of:
no less than 200 ft (60 m);
less than 200 ft (60 m), provided that they are authorised to do so in accordance with Annex V (Part-SPA) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012.
Conditions
Holders of an IR shall exercise their privileges in accordance with the conditions established in Appendix 8 to this Annex.
To exercise privileges as PIC under IFR in multi-pilot operation in helicopters, holders of an IR(H) shall have at least 70 hours of instrument time, of which up to 30 hours may be instrument ground time.
FCL.610 IR — Prerequisites and crediting
Applicants for an IR shall:
have completed at least 50 hours of cross-country flight time as PIC in aeroplanes, TMGs, helicopters or airships, of which at least 10 or, in the case of airships, 20 hours shall be in the relevant aircraft category;
Helicopters only. Applicants who have completed an ATP(H)/IR, ATP(H), CPL(H)/IR or CPL(H) integrated training course shall be exempted from the requirement in (b).
FCL.615 IR — Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction
(a) Course
Applicants for an IR shall have completed a course of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction at an ATO. The course shall be:
an integrated training course which includes training for the IR, in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Annex (Part-FCL); or
a modular course in accordance with Appendix 6 to this Annex (Part-FCL).
(b) Examination
Applicants shall demonstrate a level of theoretical knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted in the following subjects:
air law;
aircraft general knowledge — instrumentation;
flight planning and monitoring;
human performance;
meteorology;
radio navigation; and
communications.
FCL.620 IR – Skill test
Applicants for an IR shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 7 to this Annex to demonstrate their ability to perform the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted.
FCL.625 IR — Validity, revalidation and renewal
(a) Validity
An IR shall be valid for 1 year.
(b) Revalidation
An IR shall be revalidated within the 3 months immediately preceding its expiry date by complying with the revalidation criteria for the relevant aircraft category.
If applicants choose to fulfil the revalidation requirements earlier than prescribed in point (1), the new validity period shall commence from the date of the proficiency check.
Applicants who fail to pass the relevant section of an IR proficiency check before the expiry date of the IR shall exercise the IR privileges only if they have passed the IR proficiency check.
Applicants for the revalidation of an IR shall receive full credits for the proficiency check as required in this Subpart when they complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10 related to the IR at an EBT operator.
(c) Renewal
If an IR has expired, in order to renew their privileges, applicants shall comply with all of the following:
in order to determine whether refresher training is necessary for the applicant to reach the level of proficiency needed to pass the instrument element of the skill test in accordance with Appendix 9, they shall undergo an assessment at either of the following organisations:
at an ATO;
at an EBT operator that is specifically approved for such refresher training;
if deemed necessary by the organisation providing the assessment in accordance with point (1), they shall complete refresher training at that organisation;
after complying with point (1) and, as applicable, point (2), they shall pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 or complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10 in the relevant aircraft category. That EBT practical assessment may be combined with the refresher training specified in point (2);
they shall hold the relevant class or type rating unless specified otherwise in this Annex.
(d) If the IR has not been revalidated or renewed in the preceding 7 years, applicants for the IR shall pass again the IR theoretical knowledge examination and skill test.
(e) Holders of a valid IR on a pilot licence issued by a third country in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention shall be exempted from complying with the requirements in points (c)(1), (c)(2) and (d) when renewing the IR privileges contained in licences issued in accordance with this Annex.
(f) The proficiency check specified in point (c)(3) may be combined with a proficiency check performed for the renewal of the relevant class or type rating.
SECTION 2
Specific requirements for the aeroplane category
FCL.620.A IR(A) – Skill test
For a multi-engine IR(A), the skill test shall be taken in a multi-engine aeroplane. For a single-engine IR(A), the test shall be taken in a single-engine aeroplane. A multi-engine centreline thrust aeroplane shall be considered a single-engine aeroplane for the purposes of this point.
Applicants who have completed a skill test for a multi-engine IR(A) in a single-pilot multi-engine aeroplane for which a class rating is required shall also be issued with a single-engine IR(A) for the single-engine aeroplane class or type ratings that they hold.
FCL.625.A IR(A) — Revalidation
|
(a) |
Revalidation. To revalidate an IR(A), applicants shall:
(1)
hold the relevant class or type rating, unless the IR revalidation is combined with the renewal of the relevant class or type rating;
(2)
pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9, or complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10, if the IR revalidation is combined with the revalidation of a class or type rating;
(3)
if the IR revalidation is not combined with the revalidation of a class or type rating:
(i)
for single-pilot aeroplanes, complete section 3b and those parts of section 1 which are relevant to the intended flight of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex;
(ii)
for multi-engine aeroplanes, complete section 6 of the proficiency check for single-pilot aeroplanes in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex by sole reference to instruments.
(4)
An FNPT II or an FFS representing the relevant class or type of aeroplane may be used for the revalidation pursuant to point (3), provided that at least each alternate proficiency check for the revalidation of an IR(A) is performed in an aeroplane. |
|
(b) |
Cross-credit shall be given in accordance with Appendix 8 to this Part. |
SECTION 3
Specific requirements for the helicopter category
FCL.625.H IR(H) — Revalidation
(a) To revalidate an IR(H), applicants shall:
hold the relevant type rating, unless the IR revalidation is combined with the renewal of the relevant type rating;
pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex for the relevant type of helicopter if the IR revalidation is combined with the revalidation of a type rating;
if the IR revalidation is not combined with the revalidation of a type rating, complete Section 5 and the relevant parts of Section 1 of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex for the relevant type of helicopter.
(b) An FTD 2/3 or an FFS representing the relevant type of helicopter may be used for the proficiency check pursuant to point (a)(3), provided that at least each alternate proficiency check for the revalidation of an IR(H) is performed in a helicopter.
(c) Cross-credit shall be given in accordance with Appendix 8 to this Annex.
FCL.630.H IR(H) – Extension of the privileges of an IR(H) to further helicopter types
Unless specified otherwise in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, holders of an IR(H) who wish to extend their IR(H) privileges to further helicopter types shall, in addition to the relevant type rating training course, complete at an ATO 2 hours of flight training on the relevant type by sole reference to instruments according to IFR which may be conducted in an FFS or an FTD which appropriately represents the relevant type for IFR operation.
SECTION 4
Specific requirements for the airship category
FCL.620.As IR(As) – Skill test
For a multi-engine IR(As), the skill test shall be taken in a multi-engine airship. For a single-engine IR(As), the test shall be taken in a single-engine airship.
FCL.625.As IR(As) — Revalidation
Applicants for the revalidation of an IR(As):
when combined with the revalidation of a type rating, shall complete a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part, for the relevant type of airship;
when not combined with the revalidation of a type rating, shall complete section 5 and those parts of section 1 relevant to the intended flight of the proficiency check for airships in accordance with Appendix 9 of this part. In this case, an FTD 2/3 or FFS representing the relevant type may be used, but at least each alternate proficiency check for the revalidation of an IR(As) in these circumstances shall be performed in an airship.
SUBPART H
CLASS AND TYPE RATINGS
SECTION 1
Common requirements
FCL.700 Circumstances in which class or type ratings are required
|
(a) |
Holders of a pilot licence shall act as pilots of an aircraft only if they have a valid and appropriate class or type rating, unless any of the following applies:
(1)
if exercising the privileges of an LAPL;
(2)
if they take skill tests or proficiency checks for renewal of class or type ratings;
(3)
if they receive flight instruction;
(4)
if they hold a flight test rating issued in accordance with point FCL.820. |
|
(b) |
Notwithstanding (a), in the case of flights related to the introduction or modification of aircraft types, pilots may hold a special certificate given by the competent authority, authorising them to perform the flights. This authorisation shall have its validity limited to the specific flights. |
▼M5 —————
FCL.705 Privileges of the holder of a class or type rating
The privileges of the holder of a class or type rating are to act as pilot on the class or type of aircraft specified in the rating.
FCL.710 Class and type ratings — variants
(a) Pilots shall complete differences training or familiarisation in order to extend their privileges to another variant of aircraft within one class or type rating. In the case of variants within a class or type rating, the differences training or familiarisation shall include the relevant elements defined in the OSD, where applicable.
(b) The differences training shall be conducted at any of the following:
an ATO;
a DTO in the case of aircraft referred to in points (a)(1)(c) and (a)(2)(c) of point DTO.GEN.110 of Annex VIII;
an AOC holder having an approved differences training programme for the relevant class or type.
(c) Notwithstanding the requirement in point (b), differences training for TMG, single-engine piston (SEP), single-engine turbine (SET) and multi-engine piston (MEP) aeroplanes may be conducted by an appropriately qualified instructor unless otherwise provided in the OSD.
(d) If pilots have not flown the variant within 2 years following the training listed in point (b), a further differences training or a proficiency check in that variant shall be completed, except for types or variants within the SEP and TMG class ratings.
(e) The differences training or the proficiency check in that variant shall be entered in the pilots’ logbook or equivalent record and signed by the instructor or examiner as appropriate.
FCL.725 Requirements for the issue of class and type ratings
|
(a) |
Training course. An applicant for a class or type rating shall complete a training course at an ATO. An applicant for a non-high-performance single-engine piston class rating, a TMG class rating or a single-engine type rating for helicopters referred to in point DTO.GEN.110(a)(2)(c) of Annex VIII (Part-DTO) may complete the training course at a DTO. The type rating training course shall include the mandatory training elements for the relevant type as defined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. |
|
(b) |
Theoretical knowledge examination. The applicant for a class or type rating shall pass a theoretical knowledge examination organised by the ATO to demonstrate the level of theoretical knowledge required for the safe operation of the applicable aircraft class or type.
(1)
For multi-pilot aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be written and comprise at least 100 multiple-choice questions distributed appropriately across the main subjects of the syllabus.
(2)
For single-pilot multi-engine aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be written and the number of multiple-choice questions shall depend on the complexity of the aircraft.
(3)
For single-engine aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be conducted verbally by the examiner during the skill test to determine whether or not a satisfactory level of knowledge has been achieved.
(4)
For single-pilot aeroplanes that are classified as high performance aeroplanes, the examination shall be written and comprise at least 100 multiple-choice questions distributed appropriately across the subjects of the syllabus.
(5)
For single-pilot single-engine and single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes (sea), the examination shall be in a written form and shall comprise at least 30 multiple-choice questions. |
|
(c) |
Skill test. An applicant for a class or type rating shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part to demonstrate the skill required for the safe operation of the applicable class or type of aircraft. The applicant shall pass the skill test within a period of 6 months after commencement of the class or type rating training course and within a period of 6 months preceding the application for the issue of the class or type rating. |
|
(d) |
Single-pilot and multi-pilot operation
(1)
A pilot who already holds a type rating for an aircraft type, with the privilege for either single-pilot or multi-pilot operations, shall be considered to have already fulfilled the theoretical requirements when applying to add the privilege for the other form of operation on the same aircraft type.
(2)
Such a pilot shall complete additional flight training for the other form of operation in the relevant type in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex, unless specified otherwise in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. This training shall be completed at either of the following:
(i)
an ATO;
(ii)
an organisation to which Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 applies and that is entitled to provide such training on the basis of either an approval or, in the case of single-pilot helicopters, a declaration.
(3)
Except for single-pilot helicopters, the form of operation shall be entered in the licence.
(4)
In the case of single-pilot helicopters, all of the following shall apply:
(i)
In the case where a skill test or a proficiency check for a non-complex single-pilot helicopter type rating was completed in multi-pilot operations only, a restriction to multi-pilot operation shall be endorsed with the type rating in the licence. This endorsement shall be removed when the applicant completes a proficiency check that included the necessary elements for single-pilot operation as specified in Appendix 9 to this Annex.
(ii)
In all other cases, the form of operation shall not be entered in the licence. The pilot is entitled to exercise the privileges of the type rating:
(A)
in single-pilot operation, provided that the skill test or proficiency check either:
(1)
was completed in single-pilot operation; or
(2)
was completed in multi-pilot operation and contained additional elements for single-pilot operation, as specified in Appendix 9 to this Annex.
(B)
in multi-pilot operation under all of the following conditions:
(1)
the pilot complies with point FCL.720.H(a)(2);
(2)
the privileges are exercised in accordance with Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 only;
(3)
the skill test or proficiency check was completed in multi-pilot operation. |
|
(e) |
Notwithstanding the paragraphs above, pilots holding a flight test rating issued in accordance with FCL.820 who were involved in development, certification or production flight tests for an aircraft type, and have completed either 50 hours of total flight time or 10 hours of flight time as PIC on test flights in that type, shall be entitled to apply for the issue of the relevant type rating, provided that they comply with the experience requirements and the prerequisites for the issue of that type rating, as established in this Subpart for the relevant aircraft category. |
|
(f) |
Applicants for a class rating for TMGs who also hold an SPL in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, including the privileges to fly on TMGs, shall receive full credits towards the requirements in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c). |
FCL.740 Validity and renewal of class and type ratings
Validity
The validity period of class and type ratings shall be 1 year, except for single-pilot single-engine class ratings for which the validity period shall be 2 years, unless otherwise determined in the OSD. If pilots choose to fulfil the revalidation requirements earlier than prescribed in points FCL.740.A, FCL.740.H, FCL.740.PL and FCL.740.As, the new validity period shall commence from the date of the proficiency check.
Applicants for the revalidation of a class or type rating shall receive full credits for the proficiency check as required in this Subpart when they complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10 at an operator that has implemented EBT for the relevant class or type rating.
Renewal
For the renewal of a class or type rating, applicants shall comply with all of the following:
in order to determine whether refresher training is necessary for the applicant to reach the level of proficiency to safely operate the aircraft, they shall undergo an assessment at one of the following:
at an ATO;
at a DTO or at an ATO, if the expired rating concerned a non-high-performance single-engine piston class rating, a TMG class rating or a single-engine type rating for helicopters referred to in point DTO.GEN.110(a)(2)(c) of Annex VIII;
at a DTO, at an ATO or with an instructor, if the rating expired no more than 3 years ago and the rating concerned a non-high-performance single-engine piston class rating or a TMG class rating;
at an EBT operator that is specifically approved for such refresher training;
if deemed necessary by the organisation or the instructor providing the assessment as per point (1), they shall complete refresher training at that organisation or with that instructor;
after complying with point (1) and, as applicable, point (2), they shall pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 or complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10. That EBT practical assessment may be combined with the refresher training specified in point (2).
By way of derogation from points (b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3), pilots holding a flight test rating issued in accordance with point FCL.820 who were involved in the development, certification or production flight tests for an aircraft type and have completed either 50 hours of total flight time or 10 hours of flight time as PIC in test flights in that type during the year prior to the date of their application, shall be entitled to apply for the revalidation or renewal of the relevant type rating.
Applicants shall be exempted from the requirement in points (b)(1) and (b)(2) if they hold a valid rating for the same class or type of aircraft on a pilot licence issued by a third country in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention and if they are entitled to exercise the privileges of that rating.
Pilots who leave an operator’s EBT programme after having failed to demonstrate an acceptable level of competence in accordance with that EBT programme shall not exercise the privileges of that type rating until they have complied with one of the following:
they have completed EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10;
they have passed a proficiency check in accordance with point FCL.625(c)(3) or point FCL.740(b)(3), as applicable. In such a case, point FCL.625(b)(4) and point FCL.740(a)(2) shall not apply.
SECTION 2
Specific requirements for the aeroplane category
FCL.720.A Experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of class or type ratings — aeroplanes
Unless otherwise determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 (OSD), applicants for the issue of a class or type rating shall comply with the following experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of the relevant rating:
(a) Single-pilot aeroplanes
Applicants for the initial issue of privileges to operate a single-pilot aeroplane in multi-pilot operations, either when applying for the issue of a class or type rating or when extending the privileges of a class or type rating already held to multi-pilot operation, shall meet the requirements in point (b)(4) and, before starting the relevant training course, point (b)(5).
Additionally, for:
(1) Single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes
Applicants for the issue of a first class or type rating on a single-pilot multi-engine aeroplane shall have completed at least 70 hours as PIC in aeroplanes.
(2) Single-pilot high-performance non-complex aeroplanes
Before starting flight training, applicants for the issue of a class or type rating for a single-pilot aeroplane classified as a high-performance aeroplane shall:
have at least 200 hours of total flying experience, of which 70 hours as PIC in aeroplanes; and
comply with one of the following requirements:
hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of a course for additional theoretical knowledge undertaken at an ATO; or
have passed the ATPL(A) theoretical knowledge examinations in accordance with this Annex (Part-FCL); or
hold, in addition to a licence issued in accordance with this Annex (Part-FCL), an ATPL(A) or CPL(A)/IR with theoretical knowledge credit for ATPL(A), issued in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention.
|
(3) |
Single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes Applicants for the issue of a type rating for a complex single-pilot aeroplane classified as a high-performance aeroplane shall, in addition to meeting the requirements in point (2), comply with all of the following:
(i)
they shall hold or have held a single- or multi-engine IR(A), as appropriate and as established in Subpart G;
(ii)
for the issue of the first type rating, they shall, before starting the type rating training course, meet the requirements in point (b)(5). |
(b) Multi-pilot aeroplanes
Applicants for the issue of the first type rating for a multi-pilot aeroplane shall be student pilots currently undergoing training on an MPL training course or shall, before starting the type rating training course, comply with the following requirements:
have at least 70 hours of flight experience as PIC in aeroplanes;
hold or have held a multi-engine IR(A);
have passed the ATPL(A) theoretical knowledge examinations in accordance with this Annex (Part-FCL);
except when the type rating course is combined with an MCC course:
hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of an MCC course in aeroplanes; or
hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of MCC in helicopters and have more than 100 hours of flight experience as pilots of multi-pilot helicopters; or
have at least 500 hours as pilots of multi-pilot helicopters; or
have at least 500 hours as pilots in multi-pilot operations on single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes, in commercial air transport in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements; and
have completed the training course specified in point FCL.745.A, unless they comply with any of the following:
they completed, within the preceding 3 years, the training and checking in accordance with points ORO.FC.220 and ORO.FC.230 of Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012;
they have completed the training specified in point FCL.915(e)(1)(ii).
|
(c) |
Notwithstanding point (b), a Member State may issue a type rating with restricted privileges for a multi-pilot aeroplane that allows holders of such a rating to act as cruise relief co-pilots above Flight Level 200, provided that two other members of the crew have a type rating in accordance with point (b). |
|
(d) |
When so determined in the OSD, the exercise of the privileges of a type rating may be initially limited to flight under the supervision of an instructor. The flight hours under supervision shall be entered in the pilots' logbook or equivalent record and signed by the instructor. The limitation shall be removed when pilots demonstrate that the hours of flight under supervision required in the OSD have been completed. |
FCL.725.A Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction for the issue of class and type ratings — aeroplanes
Unless otherwise determined in in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012:
for single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes:
the theoretical knowledge course for a single-pilot multi-engine class rating shall include at least 7 hours of instruction in multi-engine aeroplane operations; and
the flight training course for a single-pilot multi-engine class or type rating shall include at least 2 hours and 30 minutes of dual flight instruction under normal conditions of multi-engine aeroplane operations, and not less than 3 hours 30 minutes of dual flight instruction in engine failure procedures and asymmetric flight techniques.
for single-pilot aeroplanes (sea):
the training course for single-pilot aeroplane (sea) ratings shall include theoretical knowledge and flight instruction; and
the flight training for a class or type rating (sea) for single-pilot aeroplanes (sea) shall include at least 8 hours of dual flight instruction if applicants hold the land version of the relevant class or type rating, or 10 hours if applicants do not hold such a rating; and
for single-pilot non-high-performance complex aeroplanes, single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes and multi-pilot aeroplanes, the training courses shall include UPRT theoretical knowledge and flight instruction related to the specificities of the relevant class or type.
FCL.730.A Specific requirements for pilots undertaking a zero flight time type rating (ZFTT) course — aeroplanes
|
(a) |
A pilot undertaking instruction at a ZFTT course shall have completed, on a multi-pilot turbo-jet aeroplane certificated to the standards of CS-25 or equivalent airworthiness code or on a multi-pilot turbo-prop aeroplane having a maximum certificated take-off mass of not less than 10 tonnes or a certificated passenger seating configuration of more than 19 passengers, at least:
(1)
if an FFS qualified to level CG, C or interim C is used during the course, 1 500 hours flight time or 250 route sectors;
(2)
if an FFS qualified to level DG or D is used during the course, 500 hours flight time or 100 route sectors. |
|
(b) |
When a pilot is changing from a turbo-prop to a turbo-jet aeroplane or from a turbo-jet to a turbo-prop aeroplane, additional simulator training shall be required. |
FCL.735.A Multi-crew cooperation training course — aeroplanes
|
(a) |
The MCC training course shall comprise at least:
(1)
25 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and exercises; and
(2)
20 hours of practical MCC training, or 15 hours in the case of student pilots attending an ATP integrated course. An FNPT II MCC or an FFS shall be used. When the MCC training is combined with initial type rating training, the practical MCC training may be reduced to no less than 10 hours if the same FFS is used for both the MCC and type rating training. |
|
(b) |
The MCC training course shall be completed within 6 months at an ATO. |
|
(c) |
Unless the MCC course has been combined with a type rating course, on completion of the MCC training course the applicant shall be given a certificate of completion. |
|
(d) |
An applicant having completed MCC training for any other category of aircraft shall be exempted from the requirement in (a)(1). |
FCL.740.A Revalidation of class and type ratings — aeroplanes
|
(a) |
Revalidation of multi-engine class ratings and type ratings. For revalidation of multi-engine class ratings and type ratings, the applicant shall:
(1)
pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 or complete EBT practical assessment in accordance with Appendix 10 in the relevant class or type of aeroplane or an FSTD representing that class or type, within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating; and
(2)
complete during the period of validity of the rating, at least:
(i)
10 route sectors as pilot of the relevant class or type of aeroplane; or
(ii)
1 route sector as pilot of the relevant class or type of aeroplane or FFS, flown with an examiner. This route sector may be flown during the proficiency check.
(3)
A pilot working for a commercial air transport operator approved in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements who has passed the operators proficiency check combined with the proficiency check for the revalidation of the class or type rating shall be exempted from complying with the requirement in (2).
(4)
The revalidation of a BIR or an IR(A), if held, may be combined with a proficiency check for the revalidation of a class or type rating. |
|
(b) |
Revalidation of single-pilot single-engine class ratings.
(1)
Single-engine piston aeroplane class ratings and TMG class ratings. For the revalidation of single-pilot single-engine piston aeroplane class ratings or TMG class ratings, the applicants shall:
(i)
within the 3 months preceding the expiry date of the rating, pass a proficiency check in the relevant class in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part with an examiner; or
(ii)
within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the rating, complete 12 hours of flight time in the relevant class, including:
—
6 hours as PIC,
—
12 take-offs and 12 landings, and
—
refresher training of at least 1 hour of total flight time with a flight instructor (FI) or a class rating instructor (CRI). Applicants shall be exempted from this refresher training if they have passed a class or type rating proficiency check, skill test or assessment of competence in any other class or type of aeroplane.
(2)
When applicants hold both a single-engine piston aeroplane-land class rating and a TMG rating, they may complete the requirements of (1) in either class or a combination thereof, and achieve revalidation of both ratings.
(3)
Single-pilot single-engine turbo-prop aeroplanes. For revalidation of single-engine turbo-prop class ratings applicants shall pass a proficiency check on the relevant class in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part with an examiner, within the 3 months preceding the expiry date of the rating.
(4)
When applicants hold both a single-engine piston aeroplane-land class rating and a single-engine piston aeroplane-sea class rating, they may complete the requirements of (1)(ii) in either class or a combination thereof, and achieve the fulfilment of these requirements for both ratings. At least 1 hour of required PIC time and 6 of the required 12 take-offs and landings shall be completed in each class.
(5)
The proficiency check for the revalidation of a single-pilot single-engine aeroplane class rating may be combined with the proficiency check for the revalidation of a BIR, in accordance with point FCL.835(g)(8). |
|
(c) |
Applicants who fail to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a class or type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved. |
FCL.745.A Advanced UPRT course — aeroplanes
The advanced UPRT course shall be completed at an ATO and shall comprise at least:
5 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction;
preflight briefings and postflight debriefings; and
3 hours of dual flight instruction with a flight instructor for aeroplanes FI(A) qualified in accordance with point FCL.915 (e) and consisting of advanced UPRT in an aeroplane qualified for the training task.
Upon completion of the UPRT course, applicants shall be issued with a certificate of completion by the ATO.
SECTION 3
Specific requirements for the helicopter category
FCL.720.H Experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of type ratings — helicopters
Unless otherwise determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, an applicant for the issue of the first helicopter type rating shall comply with the following experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of the relevant rating:
Multi-pilot helicopters. An applicant for a type rating for a multi-pilot helicopter type shall, before starting the type rating training course:
have at least 70 hours as PIC on helicopters;
have passed the ATPL(H) theoretical knowledge examinations.
►M16 A graduate from an ATP(H)/IR, ATP(H), CPL(H)/IR or CPL(H) integrated course who does not comply with the requirement of point (a)(1), shall be entitled to undergo the type rating training course for a multi-pilot helicopter type rating and shall have the type rating issued with the privileges limited to exercising functions as co-pilot only. The limitation shall be removed once the pilot has complied with all of the following: ◄
completed 70 hours as PIC or pilot-in-command under supervision of helicopters;
passed the multi-pilot skill test on the applicable helicopter type as PIC.
►M16 Multi-engine helicopters. An applicant for the issue of a first type rating for a multi-engine helicopter shall: ◄
before starting flight training:
have passed the ATPL(H) theoretical knowledge examinations; or
hold a certificate of completion of a pre-entry course conducted by an ATO. The course shall cover the following subjects of the ATPL(H) theoretical knowledge course:
in the case of applicants who have not completed an ATP(H)/IR, ATP(H), or CPL(H)/IR integrated training course, have completed at least 70 hours as PIC on helicopters.
FCL.735.H Multi-crew cooperation training course — helicopters
|
(a) |
The MCC training course shall comprise at least:
(1)
for MCC/IR:
(i)
25 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and exercises; and
(ii)
20 hours of practical MCC training or 15 hours, in the case of student pilots attending an ATP(H)/IR integrated course. When the MCC training is combined with the initial type rating training for a multi-pilot helicopter, the practical MCC training may be reduced to not less than 10 hours if the same FSTD is used for both MCC and type rating;
(2)
for MCC/VFR:
(i)
25 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and exercises; and
(ii)
15 hours of practical MCC training or 10 hours, in the case of student pilots attending an ATP(H)/IR integrated course. When the MCC training is combined with the initial type rating training for a multi-pilot helicopter, the practical MCC training may be reduced to not less than 7 hours if the same FSTD is used for both MCC and type rating. |
|
(b) |
The MCC training course shall be completed within 6 months at an ATO. An FNPT II or III qualified for MCC, an FTD 2/3 or an FFS shall be used. |
|
(c) |
Unless the MCC course has been combined with a multi-pilot type rating course, on completion of the MCC training course the applicant shall be given a certificate of completion. |
|
(d) |
An applicant having completed MCC training for any other category of aircraft shall be exempted from the requirement in (a)(1)(i) or (a)(2)(i), as applicable. |
|
(e) |
An applicant for MCC/IR training who has completed MCC/VFR training shall be exempted from the requirement in (a)(1)(i), and shall complete 5 hours of practical MCC/IR training. |
FCL.740.H Revalidation of type ratings — helicopters
|
(a) |
Revalidation. For revalidation of type ratings for helicopters, the applicant shall:
(1)
pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part in the relevant type of helicopter or an FSTD representing that type within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating; and
(2)
complete at least 2 hours as a pilot of the relevant helicopter type within the validity period of the rating. The duration of the proficiency check may be counted towards the 2 hours.
(3)
When applicants hold more than 1 type rating for single-engine piston helicopters, they may achieve revalidation of all the relevant type ratings by completing the proficiency check in only 1 of the relevant types held, provided that they have completed at least 2 hours of flight time as PIC on the other types during the validity period. The proficiency check shall be performed each time on a different type.
(4)
When applicants hold more than 1 type rating for single-engine turbine helicopters with a maximum certificated take-off mass up to 3 175 kg, they may achieve revalidation of all the relevant type ratings by completing the proficiency check in only 1 of the relevant types held, provided that they have completed:
(i)
300 hours as PIC on helicopters;
(ii)
15 hours on each of the types held; and
(iii)
at least 2 hours of PIC flight time on each of the other types during the validity period. The proficiency check shall be performed each time on a different type.
(5)
A pilot who successfully completes a skill test for the issue of an additional type rating shall achieve revalidation for the relevant type ratings in the common groups, in accordance with (3) and (4).
(6)
The revalidation of an IR(H), if held, may be combined with a proficiency check for a type rating. |
|
(b) |
An applicant who fails to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved. In the case of (a)(3) and (4), the applicant shall not exercise his/her privileges in any of the types. |
SECTION 4
Specific requirements for the powered-lift aircraft category
FCL.720.PL Experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of type ratings — powered-lift aircraft
Unless otherwise determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21, an applicant for the first issue of a powered-lift type rating shall comply with the following experience requirements and prerequisites:
for pilots of aeroplanes:
hold a CPL/IR(A) with ATPL theoretical knowledge or an ATPL(A);
hold a certificate of completion of an MCC course;
have completed more than 100 hours as pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes;
have completed 40 hours of flight instruction in helicopters;
for pilots of helicopters:
hold a CPL/IR(H) with ATPL theoretical knowledge or an ATPL/IR(H);
hold a certificate of completion of an MCC course;
have completed more than 100 hours as a pilot on multi-pilot helicopters;
have completed 40 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes;
for pilots qualified to fly both aeroplanes and helicopters:
hold at least a CPL(H);
hold an IR and ATPL theoretical knowledge or an ATPL in either aeroplanes or helicopters;
hold a certificate of completion of an MCC course in either helicopters or aeroplanes;
have completed at least 100 hours as a pilot on multi-pilot helicopters or aeroplanes;
have completed 40 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes or helicopters, as applicable, if the pilot has no experience as ATPL or on multi-pilot aircraft.
FCL.725.PL Flight instruction for the issue of type ratings — powered-lift aircraft
The flight instruction part of the training course for a powered-lift type rating shall be completed in both the aircraft and an FSTD representing the aircraft and adequately qualified for this purpose.
FCL.740.PL Revalidation of type ratings — powered-lift aircraft
|
(a) |
Revalidation. For revalidation of powered-lift type ratings, the applicant shall:
(1)
pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part in the relevant type of powered-lift within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating;
(2)
complete during the period of validity of the rating, at least:
(i)
10 route sectors as pilot of the relevant type of powered-lift aircraft; or
(ii)
1 route sector as pilot of the relevant type of powered-lift aircraft or FFS, flown with an examiner. This route sector may be flown during the proficiency check.
(3)
A pilot working for a commercial air transport operator approved in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements who has passed the operators proficiency check combined with the proficiency check for the revalidation of the type rating shall be exempted from complying with the requirement in (2). |
|
(b) |
An applicant who fails to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until the a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved. |
SECTION 5
Specific requirements for the airship category
FCL.720.As Prerequisites for the issue of type ratings — airships
Unless otherwise determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21, an applicant for the first issue of an airship type rating shall comply with the following experience requirements and prerequisites:
for multi-pilot airships:
have completed 70 hours of flight time as PIC on airships;
hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of MCC on airships.
An applicant who does not comply with the requirement in (2) shall have the type rating issued with the privileges limited to exercising functions as co-pilot only. The limitation shall be removed once the pilot has completed 100 hours of flight time as PIC or pilot-in-command under supervision of airships.
FCL.735.As Multi-crew cooperation training course — airships
|
(a) |
The MCC training course shall comprise at least:
(1)
12 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and exercises; and
(2)
5 hours of practical MCC training; An FNPT II, or III qualified for MCC, an FTD 2/3 or an FFS shall be used. |
|
(b) |
The MCC training course shall be completed within 6 months at an ATO. |
|
(c) |
Unless the MCC course has been combined with a multi-pilot type rating course, on completion of the MCC training course the applicant shall be given a certificate of completion. |
|
(d) |
An applicant having completed MCC training for any other category of aircraft shall be exempted from the requirements in (a). |
FCL.740.As Revalidation of type ratings — airships
|
(a) |
Revalidation. For revalidation of type ratings for airships, the applicant shall:
(1)
pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part in the relevant type of airship within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating; and
(2)
complete at least 2 hours as a pilot of the relevant airship type within the validity period of the rating. The duration of the proficiency check may be counted towards the 2 hours.
(3)
The revalidation of an IR(As), if held, may be combined with a proficiency check for the revalidation of a class or type rating. |
|
(b) |
An applicant who fails to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved. |
SUBPART I
ADDITIONAL RATINGS
FCL.800 Aerobatic rating
|
(a) |
Holders of a pilot licence with privileges to fly aeroplanes or TMGs shall undertake aerobatic flights only if they hold an aerobatic rating in accordance with this point. |
|
(b) |
Applicants for an aerobatic rating shall have completed:
(1)
after the issue of the licence, at least 30 hours of flight time as PIC in aeroplanes or TMGs; |
|
(c) |
The privileges of the aerobatic rating shall be limited to aerobatic flight in either aeroplanes or TMGs flown with engine power, depending on which aircraft the requirements of (b)(1) and (b)(2)(ii) were complied with. This limitation shall be lifted upon application if a pilot has successfully completed at least 3 dual training flights in aeroplanes or TMGs flown with engine power, as applicable, covering the full aerobatic training syllabus. |
|
(d) |
Applicants for an aerobatic rating who also hold a TMG class rating as well as advanced aerobatic privileges for sailplanes with privileges as specified in point SFCL.200(d) of Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 shall:
(1)
be exempted from getting their aerobatic rating limited to aeroplanes, as specified in paragraph (c) if they have complied with the requirements of (b)(1) and (b)(2)(ii) in aeroplanes, or
(2)
receive full credit towards the requirements in paragraph (b) for the issue of an aerobatic rating restricted to TMGs flown with engine power. This limitation shall be lifted upon application if a pilot has completed the training as specified in paragraph (c). |
FCL.805 Sailplane towing and banner towing ratings
|
(a) |
Holders of a pilot licence with privileges to fly aeroplanes or TMGs shall only tow sailplanes or banners when they hold the appropriate sailplane towing or banner towing rating. |
|
(b) |
Applicants for a sailplane towing rating shall have completed:
(1)
at least 30 hours of flight time as PIC and 60 take-offs and landings in aeroplanes, if the activity is to be carried out in aeroplanes, or in TMGs, if the activity is to be carried out in TMGs, completed after the issue of the licence;
(2)
a training course at a DTO or at an ATO, including:
(i)
theoretical knowledge instruction on towing operations and procedures;
(ii)
at least 10 instruction flights towing a sailplane, including at least 5 dual instruction flights; and
(iii)
except for holders of an SPL in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, 5 familiarisation flights in a sailplane which is launched by an aircraft. |
|
(c) |
Applicants for a banner towing rating shall have completed:
(1)
at least 100 hours of flight time and 200 take-offs and landings as PIC on aeroplanes or TMG, after the issue of the licence. At least 30 of these hours shall be in aeroplanes, if the activity is to be carried out in aeroplanes, or in TMG, if the activity is to be carried out in TMGs; |
|
(d) |
The privileges of the sailplane and banner towing ratings shall be limited to aeroplanes or TMGs appropriately to aircraft on which the flight instruction was completed. For banner towing, the privileges shall be limited to the towing method used for flight instruction. The privileges shall be extended if pilots have successfully completed at least three dual training flights covering the full towing training syllabus in either aircraft and towing method for banner towing. |
|
(e) |
In order to exercise the privileges of the sailplane or banner towing ratings, the holder of the rating shall have completed a minimum of 5 tows during the last 24 months. |
|
(f) |
When the pilot does not comply with the requirement in (e), before resuming the exercise of his/her privileges, the pilot shall complete the missing tows with or under the supervision of an instructor. |
|
(g) |
Applicants for a sailplane towing or banner towing rating on TMGs in accordance with this point shall receive full credit towards the requirements of paragraph (b) or (c), as applicable, if they hold a sailplane towing or banner towing rating in accordance with point SFCL.205 of Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, as applicable, or if they have fulfilled all the requirements for the issue of that rating. |
FCL.810 Night rating
|
(a) |
Aeroplanes, TMGs, airships.
(1)
Applicants shall have completed a training course within a period of up to 6 months at a DTO or at an ATO to exercise the privileges of an LAPL or a PPL for aeroplanes, TMGs or airships in VFR conditions at night. The course shall comprise:
(i)
theoretical knowledge instruction;
(ii)
at least 5 hours of flight time in the appropriate aircraft category at night, including at least 3 hours of dual instruction, including at least 1 hour of cross-country navigation with at least one dual cross-country flight of at least 50 km (27 NM) and 5 solo take-offs and 5 solo full-stop landings.
(2)
Before completing the training at night, LAPL holders shall have completed the basic instrument flight training required for the issue of the PPL.
(3)
When applicants hold both a single-engine piston aeroplane (land) and a TMG class rating, they may complete the requirements in (1) above in either class or both classes.
(4)
Applicants for a night rating for aeroplanes or TMGs in accordance with this subparagraph shall receive full credit towards the requirements of subparagraphs (1) and (2) if they hold a TMG night rating in accordance with point SFCL.210 of Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 or if they have fulfilled all the requirements for the issue of that rating. |
|
(b) |
Helicopters. If the privileges of a PPL for helicopters are to be exercised in VFR conditions at night, the applicant shall have:
(1)
completed at least 100 hours of flight time as pilot in helicopters after the issue of the licence, including at least 60 hours as PIC on helicopters and 20 hours of cross-country flight;
(2)
completed a training course at a DTO or at an ATO. The course shall be completed within a period of six months and comprise:
(i)
5 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction;
(ii)
10 hours of helicopter dual instrument instruction time; and
(iii)
5 hours of flight time at night, including at least 3 hours of dual instruction, including at least 1 hour of cross-country navigation and 5 solo night circuits. Each circuit shall include a take-off and a landing.
(3)
An applicant who holds or has held an IR in an aeroplane or TMG, shall be credited with 5 hours towards the requirement in (2)(ii) above. |
▼M12 —————
FCL.815 Mountain rating
|
(a) |
Privileges. The privileges of the holder of a mountain rating are to conduct flights with aeroplanes or TMGs to and from surfaces which are designated to require such a rating by the appropriate authorities designated by the Member States. Holders of an LAPL or a PPL with privileges to fly aeroplanes or TMGs may obtain the initial mountain rating either on:
(1)
wheels, to grant the privilege to fly to and from such surfaces when they are not covered by snow; or
(2)
skis, to grant the privilege to fly to and from such surfaces when they are covered by snow.
(3)
The privileges of the initial rating may be extended to either wheel or ski privileges when the pilot has undertaken an appropriate additional familiarisation course, including theoretical knowledge instruction and flight training, with a mountain flight instructor. |
|
(b) |
Training course. Applicants for a mountain rating shall have completed, within a period of 24 months, a course of theoretical knowledge instruction and flight training at a DTO or at an ATO. The content of the course shall be appropriate to the privileges of the mountain rating applied for. |
|
(c) |
Skill test. After the completion of the training, the applicant shall pass a skill test with an FE qualified for this purpose. The skill test shall contain:
(1)
a verbal examination of theoretical knowledge;
(2)
6 landings on at least 2 different surfaces designated as requiring a mountain rating other than the surface of departure. |
|
(d) |
Validity. A mountain rating shall be valid for a period of 24 months. |
|
(e) |
Revalidation To revalidate a mountain rating applicants shall either:
(1)
complete at least six landings, on a surface designated as requiring a mountain rating, in the preceding two 2 years;
(2)
pass a proficiency check complying with the requirements in point (c). |
|
(f) |
Renewal. If the rating has lapsed, the applicant shall comply with the requirement in (e)(2). |
FCL.820 Flight test rating
|
(a) |
Holders of a pilot licence for aeroplanes or helicopters shall only act as PIC in category 1 or 2 flight tests, as defined in Part-21, when they hold a flight test rating. |
|
(b) |
The obligation to hold a flight test rating established in (a) shall only apply to flight tests conducted on:
(1)
helicopters certificated or to be certificated in accordance with the standards of CS-27 or CS-29 or equivalent airworthiness codes; or
(2)
aeroplanes certificated or to be certificated in accordance with:
(i)
the standards of CS-25 or equivalent airworthiness codes; or
(ii)
the standards of CS-23 or equivalent airworthiness codes, except for aeroplanes with an maximum take-off mass of less than 2 000 kg. |
|
(c) |
The privileges of the holder of a flight test rating are to, within the relevant aircraft category:
(1)
in the case of a category 1 flight test rating, conduct all categories of flight tests, as defined in Part-21, either as PIC or co-pilot;
(2)
in the case of a category 2 flight test rating:
(i)
conduct category 1 flight tests, as defined in Part-21:
—
as a co-pilot, or
—
as PIC, in the case of aeroplanes referred to in (b)(2)(ii), except for those within the commuter category or having a design diving speed above 0,6 mach or a maximum ceiling above 25 000 feet;
(ii)
conduct all other categories of flight tests, as defined in Part-21, either as PIC or co-pilot;
(3)
conduct flights without a type or class rating as defined in Subpart H, except that the flight test rating shall not be used for commercial air transport operations. |
|
(d) |
Applicants for the first issue of a flight test rating shall:
(1)
hold at least a CPL and an IR in the appropriate aircraft category;
(2)
have completed at least 1 000 hours of flight time in the appropriate aircraft category, of which at least 400 hours as PIC;
(3)
have completed a training course at an ATO appropriate to the intended aircraft and category of flights. The training shall cover at least the following subjects:
—
Performance,
—
Stability and control/Handling qualities,
—
Systems,
—
Test management,
—
Risk/Safety management.
|
|
(e) |
The privileges of holders of a flight test rating may be extended to another category of flight test and another category of aircraft when they have completed an additional course of training at an ATO. |
▼M12 —————
FCL.835 Basic instrument rating (BIR)
Privileges and conditions
The privileges of a BIR holder are to conduct flights under IFR on single-pilot aeroplanes for which class ratings are held, with the exception of high-performance aeroplanes and aeroplane variants if operational suitability data has determined that an IR is required.
BIR privileges shall only be exercised in accordance with point FCL.205.A.
BIR privileges may be exercised at night only if the pilot holds a night rating in accordance with point FCL.810.
The privileges of a multi-engine BIR shall also be valid on single-engine aeroplanes for which the pilot holds a valid single-engine class rating.
The exercise of BIR privileges shall be subject to all of the following conditions:
the decision height (DH) or minimum descent height (MDH) used in aerodrome operating minima shall be at least 200 ft greater than what would otherwise be calculated according to point ‘NCO.OP.110 Aerodrome operating minima – aeroplanes and helicopters’ and point ‘NCO.OP.111 Aerodrome operating minima – NPA, APV, CAT I operations’ to Annex VII of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012; and
the visibility used in aerodrome operating minima shall not be less than 1 500 m;
the pilot-in-command shall not commence a flight under IFR or undertake a VFR-to-IFR transition, unless:
at the aerodrome of departure, the visibility is at least 1 500 m and the cloud ceiling is at least 600 ft, or the published circling minimum applicable to the aeroplane category, whichever is the greater; and
at the destination aerodrome and at any required alternate aerodrome the available current meteorological information indicates, for the period from 1 hour before until 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, or from the actual time of departure to 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, whichever period is shorter, a visibility of at least 1 500 m and a cloud ceiling of at least 600 ft, or the published circling minimum applicable to the aeroplane category, or the DH/MDH incremented by 200 ft in accordance with (i), whichever is the greater.
Prerequisites. Applicants for the BIR shall hold at least a PPL(A).
Training course. Applicants for the BIR shall have completed at an ATO:
theoretical knowledge instruction in accordance with point FCL.615(a); and
flight instruction that comprises the following instrument flight instruction modules:
module 1 – the core flying training module of flight handling skills by sole reference to instruments;
module 2 – the applied flying training module of IFR departure, holding, 2D and 3D approach procedures;
module 3 – the applied flying training module of en-route IFR flight procedures; and
module 4 – if a multi-engine BIR is sought, the applied flying training module with one engine inoperative shall include asymmetric instrument approach and go-around procedures; and
flight instruction that complies with the following requirements:
The module specified in paragraph (c)(2)(i) shall be completed first. The modules specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iii), and, if applicable, (c)(2)(iv), may be completed in an order chosen by the applicant.
The modules specified in paragraph (c)(2) may be completed in aeroplanes, FSTDs or a combination of these. In any case, the applicant shall receive training in the aeroplane to be used for the skill test.
The modules specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i), (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iv) may be commenced outside an ATO but shall be completed at an ATO. The module specified in point (c)(2)(iii) may be completed outside an ATO.
Prior to commencing the module specified in paragraph (c)(2)(iv), a pilot who does not hold a multi-engine aeroplane class or type rating shall have received the multi-engine training specified in Subpart H of this Annex (Part-FCL).
Theoretical knowledge. Prior to taking the skill test and through examinations in the subjects referred to in point FCL.615(b), the applicants shall demonstrate a level of theoretical knowledge that is appropriate to the privileges granted. The theoretical knowledge examination shall consist of one examination paper associated with each module as specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i), (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iii).
Skill test. After the completion of the training course specified in paragraph (c), the applicants shall pass a skill test in an aeroplane in accordance with Appendix 7 to this Annex. For a multi-engine BIR, the skill test shall be taken in a multi-engine aeroplane. For a single-engine BIR, the skill test shall be taken in a single-engine aeroplane. A multi-engine centreline thrust aeroplane shall be considered to be a single-engine aeroplane for the purposes of this paragraph.
By way of derogation from paragraph (d), holders of a single-engine BIR who also hold a multi-engine class rating and who wish to obtain a multi-engine BIR for the first time shall complete a training course at an ATO that comprises the training as specified in paragraph (c)(2)(iv) and shall pass the skill test referred to in paragraph (e).
Validity, revalidation and renewal
A BIR shall be valid for 1 year.
Applicants for the revalidation of a BIR shall:
within a period of three months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating, pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part; or
within the validity period, complete 6 hours as PIC under IFR including three instrument approach procedures and complete a training flight of at least one hour with an instructor who holds privileges to provide training for the BIR.
For each alternate subsequent revalidation, the holder of the BIR shall pass a proficiency check in accordance with paragraph (2)(i) in an aeroplane.
If a pilot chooses to fulfil the revalidation requirements specified in paragraph (g)(2)(i) earlier than what is prescribed in that paragraph, the new validity period shall commence from the date of the proficiency check.
Applicants who fail to pass the relevant sections of a BIR proficiency check before the expiry date of the BIR shall not exercise the BIR privileges until they have passed the proficiency check.
If a BIR has expired, in order to renew their privileges, applicants shall:
where necessary to reach the level of proficiency needed, complete refresher training provided by an ATO or, if the BIR is expired for three years or less, by an instructor who holds privileges to provide training for the BIR; and
pass a proficiency check in an aeroplane.
For a multi-engine BIR, the proficiency check for the revalidation or renewal as well as the flying training required in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) shall be completed in a multi-engine aeroplane.
The proficiency check for the revalidation or renewal of a BIR may be combined with a proficiency check for the revalidation or renewal of a single-pilot aeroplane class rating on which BIR privileges may be exercised in accordance with point FCL.835(a)(1).
Applicants for the BIR who hold a PPL or CPL issued in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) and a valid IR(A) issued in accordance with the requirements of Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention by a third country may be credited in full towards the training course referred to in paragraph (c)(2). In order to be issued with the BIR, the applicants shall:
successfully complete the skill test referred to in paragraph (e);
demonstrate orally to the examiner during the skill test that they have acquired an adequate level of theoretical knowledge of air law, meteorology, and flight planning and performance; and
have experience of at least 25 hours of flight time under IFR as PIC on aeroplanes.
The holder of an IR shall receive full credits for the requirement in paragraph (c)(2).
SUBPART J
INSTRUCTORS
SECTION 1
Common requirements
FCL.900 Instructor certificates
|
(a) |
General. A person shall only carry out:
(1)
flight instruction in aircraft when he/she holds:
(i)
a pilot licence issued or accepted in accordance with this Regulation;
(ii)
an instructor certificate appropriate to the instruction given, issued in accordance with this Subpart;
(2)
synthetic flight instruction or MCC instruction when he/she holds an instructor certificate appropriate to the instruction given, issued in accordance with this Subpart. |
|
(b) |
Special conditions:
(1)
The competent authority may issue a specific certificate granting privileges for flight instruction when compliance with the requirements established in this Subpart is not possible in the case of the introduction of:
(i)
new aircraft in the Member States or in an operator's fleet; or
(ii)
new training courses in this Annex (Part-FCL). Such a certificate shall be limited to the training flights necessary for the introduction of the new type of aircraft or the new training course and its validity shall not, in any case, exceed 1 year.
(2)
Holders of a certificate issued in accordance with (b)(1) who wish to apply for the issue of an instructor certificate shall comply with the prerequisites and revalidation requirements established for that category of instructor. Notwithstanding FCL.905.TRI(b), a TRI certificate issued in accordance with this (sub)paragraph will include the privilege to instruct for the issue of a TRI or SFI certificate for the relevant type. |
|
(c) |
Instruction provided outside the territory of the Member States:
(1)
By way of derogation from point (a), in the case of flight instruction provided during a training course approved in accordance with this Annex outside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention, the competent authority shall issue an instructor certificate to applicants who:
(i)
holds a pilot licence that meets all of the following criteria:
(A)
it complies with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention;
(B)
in any case, it is at least a CPL in the relevant aircraft category with a relevant rating or certificate;
(ii)
complies with the requirements established in this Subpart for the issue of the relevant instructor certificate;
(iii)
demonstrates to the competent authority an adequate level of knowledge of European aviation safety rules to be able to exercise instructional privileges in accordance with this Annex.
(2)
The certificate shall be limited to providing flight instruction during a training course approved in accordance with this Annex which meets all of the following conditions:
(i)
it is provided outside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention;
(ii)
it is provided to student pilots who have sufficient knowledge of the language in which flight instruction is provided. |
FCL.915 General prerequisites and requirements for instructors
(a) General
Applicants for the issue of an instructor certificate shall be at least 18 years of age.
(b) Additional requirements for instructors providing flight instruction in aircraft
Applicants for the issue of or holders of an instructor certificate with privileges to conduct flight instruction in an aircraft shall:
for licence training, hold at least the licence or, in the case of point FCL.900(c), the equivalent licence, for which flight instruction is to be given;
for a rating training, hold the relevant rating or, in the case of point FCL.900(c), the equivalent rating, for which flight instruction is to be given;
except in the case of flight test instructors (FTIs), have:
completed at least 15 hours of flight time as pilots of the class or type of aircraft on which flight instruction is to be given, of which a maximum of 7 hours may be in an FSTD representing the class or type of aircraft, if applicable; or
passed an assessment of competence for the relevant category of instructor on that class or type of aircraft; and
be entitled to act as PIC in the aircraft during such flight instruction.
(c) Credit towards further instructor certificates and for the purpose of revalidation
Full credit towards the teaching and learning skills may be granted to:
holders of an instructor certificate who apply for further instructor certificates; and
applicants for an instructor certificate who already hold an instructor certificate issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 or with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976.
Hours flown as an examiner during skill tests or proficiency checks shall be credited in full towards revalidation requirements for all instructor certificates held.
|
(d) |
Credit for extension to further types shall take into account the relevant elements as defined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 (OSD). |
|
(e) |
Additional requirements for instructing in a training course in accordance with FCL.745.A:
(1)
In addition to (b), before acting as instructors for a training course according to FCL.745.A, holders of an instructor certificate shall:
(i)
have at least 500 hours of flight time as pilots of aeroplanes, including 200 hours of flight instruction;
(ii)
after complying with the experience requirements in point (e)(1)(i), have completed a UPRT instructor training course at an ATO, during which the competence of applicants shall have been assessed continuously; and
(iii)
upon completion of the course, have been issued with a certificate of course completion by the ATO, whose Head of Training (HT) shall have entered the privileges specified in point (e)(1) in the logbook of the applicants.
(2)
The privileges referred to in point (e)(1) shall only be exercised if instructors have, during the last year, received refresher training at an ATO during which the competence required to instruct on a course in accordance with point FCL.745.A is assessed to the satisfaction of the HT.
(3)
Instructors holding the privileges specified in point (e)(1) may act as instructors for a course as specified in point (e)(1)(ii), provided that they:
(i)
have 25 hours of flight instruction experience during training according to FCL745.A;
(ii)
have completed an assessment of competence for this privilege; and
(iii)
comply with the recency requirements in point (e)(2).
(4)
These privileges shall be entered in the logbook of the instructors and signed by the examiner. |
FCL.920 Instructor competencies and assessment
All instructors shall be trained to achieve the following competences:
FCL.925 Additional requirements for instructors for the MPL
|
(a) |
Instructors conducting training for the MPL shall:
(1)
have successfully completed an MPL instructor training course at an ATO; and
(2)
additionally, for the basic, intermediate and advanced phases of the MPL integrated training course:
(i)
be experienced in multi-pilot operations; and
(ii)
have completed initial crew resource management training with a commercial air transport operator approved in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements. |
|
(b) |
MPL instructors training course (1) The MPL instructor training course shall comprise at least 14 hours of training. Upon completion of the training course, the applicant shall undertake an assessment of instructor competencies and of knowledge of the competency-based approach to training. (2) The assessment shall consist of a practical demonstration of flight instruction in the appropriate phase of the MPL training course. This assessment shall be conducted by an examiner qualified in accordance with Subpart K. (3) Upon successful completion of the MPL training course, the ATO shall issue an MPL instructor qualification certificate to the applicant. |
|
(c) |
In order to maintain the privileges, the instructor shall have, within the preceding 12 months, conducted within an MPL training course:
(1)
1 simulator session of at least 3 hours; or
(2)
1 air exercise of at least 1 hour comprising at least 2 take-offs and landings. |
|
(d) |
If the instructor has not fulfilled the requirements of (c), before exercising the privileges to conduct flight instruction for the MPL he/she shall:
(1)
receive refresher training at an ATO to reach the level of competence necessary to pass the assessment of instructor competencies; and
(2)
pass the assessment of instructor competencies as set out in (b)(2). |
FCL.930 Training course
An applicant for an instructor certificate shall have completed a course of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction at an ATO. An applicant for an instructor certificate for sailplanes or balloons may have completed a course of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction at a DTO.
In addition to the specific elements set out in this Annex (Part-FCL) for each category of instructor, the training course shall contain the elements required in point FCL.920.
FCL.935 Assessment of competence
|
(a) |
Except for the multi-crew cooperation instructor (MCCI), the synthetic training instructor (STI), the mountain rating instructor (MI) and the flight test instructor (FTI), an applicant for an instructor certificate shall pass an assessment of competence in the appropriate aircraft category, in the relevant class or type or in the appropriate FSTD, to demonstrate to an examiner qualified in accordance with Subpart K of this Annex the ability to instruct a student pilot to the level required for the issue of the relevant licence, rating or certificate. |
|
(b) |
This assessment shall include:
(1)
the demonstration of the competencies described in FCL.920, during pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction;
(2)
oral theoretical examinations on the ground, pre-flight and post-flight briefings and in-flight demonstrations in the appropriate aircraft class, type or FSTD;
(3)
exercises adequate to evaluate the instructor’s competencies. |
|
(c) |
The assessment shall be performed on the same class or type of aircraft or FSTD used for the flight instruction. |
|
(d) |
When an assessment of competence is required for revalidation of an instructor certificate, an applicant who fails to achieve a pass in the assessment before the expiry date of an instructor certificate shall not exercise the privileges of that certificate until the assessment has successfully been completed. |
FCL.940 Validity of instructor certificates
With the exception of the MI, and without prejudice to points FCL.900 (b)(1) and FCL.915 (e)(2), instructor certificates shall be valid for a period of 3 years.
FCL.945 Obligations for instructors
Upon completion of the training flight for the revalidation of an SEP or TMG class rating in accordance with FCL.740.A (b)(1) and only in the event of fulfilment of all the other revalidation criteria required by FCL.740.A (b)(1) the instructor shall endorse the applicant's licence with the new expiry date of the rating or certificate, if specifically authorised for that purpose by the competent authority responsible for the applicant's licence.
SECTION 2
Specific requirements for the flight instructor — FI
FCL.905.FI FI — Privileges and conditions
The privileges of FIs are to conduct flight instruction for the issue, revalidation or renewal of:
a PPL and LAPL in the appropriate aircraft category;
class and type ratings for single-pilot aircraft, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes;
class and type ratings for single-pilot aeroplanes, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, in multi-pilot operations, provided that FIs meet any of the following conditions:
hold or have held a TRI certificate for multi-pilot aeroplanes;
have completed all of the following:
at least 500 hours as pilots in multi-pilot operations on aeroplanes;
the training course for an MCCI in accordance with point FCL.930.MCCI;
type ratings for single or multi-pilot airships;
a CPL in the appropriate aircraft category, provided that FIs have completed at least 200 hours of flight instruction in that aircraft category;
the night rating, provided that FIs meet all of the following conditions:
are qualified to fly at night in the appropriate aircraft category;
have demonstrated the ability to instruct at night to an FI qualified in accordance with point (j);
comply with the night experience requirement laid down in point FCL.060(b)(2);
a towing or aerobatic rating, provided that such privileges are held and the FI has demonstrated the ability to instruct for that rating to an FI who is qualified in accordance with point (j);
a BIR or an IR in the appropriate aircraft category, provided that FI meets the following conditions:
they have completed as student pilots the IRI training course and have passed an assessment of competence for the IRI certificate;
they comply with points FCL.915.CRI(a), FCL.930.CRI and FCL.935 in the case of multi-engine aeroplanes and with points FCL.910.TRI(c)(1) and FCL.915.TRI(d)(2) in the case of multi-engine helicopters;
In addition to conditions (1) and (2):
if during an approved training course at an ATO, the FI is providing training in FSTDs or supervising SPIC training flights that take place under IFR, the FI shall have completed at least 50 hours of flight time under IFR after the issuance of the BIR or the IR, of which a maximum of 10 hours may be instrument ground time in an FFS, an FTD 2/3 or an FNPT II,;
if the FI is providing training in an aircraft, the FI shall have completed at least 200 hours of flight time under IFR, of which up to 50 hours may be instrument ground time in an FFS, an FTD 2/3 or an FNPT II;
single-pilot multi-engine class or type ratings, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, provided that they meet the following conditions:
in the case of aeroplanes, comply with points FCL.915.CRI(a), FCL.930.CRI and FCL.935;
in the case of helicopters, comply with points FCL.910.TRI(c)(1) and FCL.915.TRI(d)(2);
an FI, an IRI, a CRI, an STI or an MI certificate provided that they meet all of the following conditions:
they have completed at least 500 hours of flight instruction in the appropriate aircraft category;
they have passed an assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in the appropriate aircraft category to demonstrate to a flight instructor examiner (FIE) the ability to instruct for the relevant certificate;
an MPL, provided that the FIs meet all of the following conditions:
for the core flying phase of the training, have completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot of aeroplanes, including at least 200 hours of flight instruction;
for the basic phase of the training:
hold a multi-engine aeroplane IR and the privilege to instruct for an IR;
have completed at least 1 500 hours of flight time in multi-crew operations;
in the case of FIs already qualified to instruct on ATP(A) or CPL(A)/IR integrated courses, the requirement in point (2)(ii) may be replaced by the completion of a structured course of training consisting of:
MCC qualification;
observation of five sessions of flight instruction in Phase 3 of an MPL course;
observation of five sessions of flight instruction in Phase 4 of an MPL course;
observation of five operator recurrent line-oriented flight training sessions;
the content of the MCCI course.
In this case, FIs shall conduct their first five instructor sessions under the supervision of a TRI(A), an MCCI(A) or an SFI(A) qualified for MPL flight instruction.
FCL.910.FI FI — Restricted privileges
|
(a) |
An FI shall have his or her privileges limited to conducting flight instruction under the supervision of an FI for the same category of aircraft nominated by the DTO or the ATO for this purpose, in the following cases:
(1)
for the issue of the PPL and LAPL;
(2)
in all integrated courses at PPL level, in case of aeroplanes and helicopters;
(3)
for class and type ratings for single-pilot, single-engine aircraft, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes;
(4)
for the night, towing or aerobatic ratings. |
|
(b) |
While conducting training under supervision, in accordance with (a), the FI shall not have the privilege to authorise student pilots to conduct first solo flights and first solo cross-country flights. |
|
(c) |
The limitations in (a) and (b) shall be removed from the FI certificate when the FI has completed at least:
(1)
for the FI(A), 100 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes or TMGs and, in addition has supervised at least 25 student solo flights;
(2)
for the FI(H) 100 hours of flight instruction in helicopters and, in addition has supervised at least 25 student solo flight air exercises;
(3)
for the FI(As), 15 hours or 50 take-offs of flight instruction covering the full training syllabus for the issue of a PPL(As). |
FCL.915.FI FI — Prerequisites
An applicant for an FI certificate shall:
in the case of the FI(A) and FI(H):
have received at least 10 hours of instrument flight instruction on the appropriate aircraft category, of which not more than 5 hours may be instrument ground time in an FSTD;
have completed 20 hours of VFR cross-country flight on the appropriate aircraft category as PIC; and
additionally, for the FI(A):
hold at least a CPL(A); or
hold at least a PPL(A) and have:
except for an FI(A) providing training for the LAPL(A) only, passed the CPL theoretical knowledge examination, which may be taken without completing a CPL theoretical knowledge training course and which shall not be valid for the issue of a CPL; and
completed at least 200 hours of flight time on aeroplanes or TMGs, of which 150 hours as PIC;
have completed at least 30 hours on single-engine piston powered aeroplanes of which at least 5 hours shall have been completed during the 6 months preceding the pre-entry flight test set out in FCL.930.FI(a);
have completed a VFR cross-country flight as PIC, including a flight of at least 540 km (300 NM) in the course of which full stop landings at 2 different aerodromes shall be made;
additionally, for the FI(H), have completed 250 hours total flight time as pilot on helicopters of which:
at least 100 hours shall be as PIC, if the applicant holds at least a CPL(H); or
at least 200 hours as PIC if the applicant holds at least a PPL(H) and has passed the CPL theoretical knowledge examination, which may be taken without completing a CPL theoretical knowledge training course and which shall not be valid for the issue of a CPL;
for an FI(As), have completed 500 hours of flight time on airships as PIC, of which 400 hours shall be as PIC holding a CPL(As);
▼M12 —————
FCL.930.FI FI — Training course
|
(a) |
Applicants for the FI certificate shall have passed a specific pre-entry flight test with an FI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FI(i) within the 6 months preceding the start of the course, to assess their ability to undertake the course. This pre-entry flight test shall be based on the proficiency check for class and type ratings as set out in Appendix 9 to this Part. |
|
(b) |
The FI training course shall include:
(1)
25 hours of teaching and learning;
(2)
at least 100 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction, including progress tests;
(3)
(i)
in the case of an FI(A) and (H), at least 30 hours of flight instruction, of which 25 hours shall be dual flight instruction, of which 5 hours may be conducted in an FFS, an FNPT I or II or an FTD 2/3;
(ii)
in the case of an FI(As), at least 20 hours of flight instruction, of which 15 hours shall be dual flight instruction; ▼M12 —————
(4)
Applicants for an FI certificate in another category of aircraft who are holding or have held an FI(A), (H) or (As) shall be credited with 55 hours towards the requirement in point (b)(2). |
|
(c) |
Applicants for the FI certificate who hold or have held any other instructor certificate issued in accordance with this Annex shall be deemed to meet the requirements in point (b)(1). |
FCL.940.FI FI — Revalidation and renewal
(a) Revalidation
To revalidate an FI certificate, holders shall fulfil at least two out of the three following requirements before the expiry date of the FI certificate:
they have completed:
in the case of an FI(A) and an FI(H), at least 50 hours of flight instruction in the appropriate aircraft category as FIs, TRIs, CRIs, IRIs MIs or examiners. If the privileges to instruct for the BIR and the IR are to be revalidated, 10 of those 50 hours shall be flight instruction for a BIR or an IR and shall have been completed within the last 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate;
in the case of an FI(As), at least 20 hours of flight instruction in airships as FIs, IRIs or as examiners. If the privileges to instruct for the IR are to be revalidated, 10 of those hours shall be flight instruction for an IR and shall have been completed in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate;
▼M12 —————
they have completed instructor refresher training as an FI at an ATO or at the competent authority. FI(B)s and FI(S)s may complete this instructor refresher training at a DTO;
they have passed an assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate.
For at least each alternate revalidation, in the case of FI(A) or FI(H), or each third revalidation, in the case of FI(As), holders of the relevant FI certificate shall pass an assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935.
(b) Renewal.
If the FI certificate has expired, applicants shall, within a period of 12 months before the application date for the renewal complete instructor refresher training as an FI at an ATO or at a competent authority or in the case of an FI(B) or FI(S) at an ATO, at a DTO or at a competent authority and complete an assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935.
SECTION 4
Specific requirements for the type rating instructor — TRI
FCL.905.TRI TRI – Privileges and conditions
The privileges of a TRI are to instruct for:
►M12 the revalidation and renewal of an IR, provided the TRI holds a valid IR; ◄
the issue of a TRI or SFI certificate, provided that the holder meets all of the following conditions:
has at least 50 hours of instructional experience as a TRI or SFI in accordance with this Regulation or Regulation (EU) No 965/2012;
has conducted the flight instruction syllabus of the relevant part of the TRI training course in accordance with point FCL.930.TRI(a)(3) to the satisfaction of the head of training of an ATO;
in the case of the TRI for single-pilot aeroplanes:
the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes provided that the applicant seeks privileges to operate in single-pilot operations.
The privileges of the TRI(SPA) may be extended to flight instruction for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplane type ratings in multi-pilot operations, provided that the TRI meets any of the following conditions:
holds or has held a TRI certificate for multi-pilot aeroplanes;
has at least 500 hours on aeroplanes in multi-pilot operations and completed an MCCI training course in accordance with point FCL.930.MCCI;
the MPL course on the basic phase, provided that he or she has the privileges extended to multi-pilot operations and holds or has held an FI(A) or an IRI(A) certificate;
in the case of the TRI for multi-pilot aeroplanes:
the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings for:
multi-pilot aeroplanes;
single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes when the applicant seeks privileges to operate in multi-pilot operations;
MCC training;
the MPL course on the basic, intermediate and advanced phases, provided that, for the basic phase, he or she holds or has held an FI(A) or IRI(A) certificate;
in the case of the TRI for powered-lift aircraft:
the issue, revalidation and renewal of powered-lift type ratings;
MCC training.
The privileges of a TRI include privileges to conduct EBT practical assessment at an EBT operator, provided that the instructor complies with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 for EBT instructor standardisation at that EBT operator.
FCL.910.TRI TRI — Restricted privileges
(a) General. If the TRI training is carried out in FSTDs only, the privileges of TRIs shall be restricted to training in FSTDs. This restriction shall however include the following privileges for conducting, in the aircraft:
LIFUS, provided that the TRI training course has included the training specified in point FCL.930.TRI(a)(4)(i);
landing training, provided that the TRI training course has included the training specified in point FCL.930.TRI(a)(4)(ii); or
the training flight specified in point FCL.060(c)(2), provided that the TRI training course has included the training referred to in points (a)(1) or (a)(2).
The restriction to FSTD shall be removed if TRIs have completed an assessment of competence in the aircraft.
(b) TRIs for aeroplanes and for powered-lift aircraft — TRI(A) and TRI(PL). The privileges of TRIs are restricted to the type of aeroplane or powered-lift aircraft in which the training and the assessment of competence were conducted. Unless otherwise determined in the OSD, to extend the privileges of TRIs to further types, TRIs shall have:
completed within the 12 months preceding the application, at least 15 route sectors, including take-offs and landings on the applicable aircraft type, of which of maximum of 7 sectors may be completed in an FSTD;
completed the relevant parts of the technical training and the flight instruction parts of the applicable TRI course;
passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in order to demonstrate to an FIE or a TRE qualified in accordance with Subpart K to this Annex their ability to instruct a pilot to the level required for the issue of a type rating, including pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction.
The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants in accordance with the OSD if TRIs have completed the relevant parts of the technical training and flight instruction parts of the applicable TRI course.
(c) TRIs for helicopters — TRI(H).
The privileges of TRIs(H) are restricted to the type of helicopter in which the assessment of competence for the issue of the TRI certificate was taken. Unless otherwise determined in the OSD, the privileges of the TRIs shall be extended to further types if TRIs have:
completed the relevant parts of the technical training and flight instruction parts of the TRI course;
completed within the 12 months preceding the date of application, at least 10 hours on the applicable helicopter type, of which a maximum of 5 hours may be completed in an FFS or FTD 2/3; and
passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in order to demonstrate to an FIE or a TRE qualified in accordance with Subpart K of this Annex their ability to instruct a pilot to the level required for the issue of a type rating, including pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction.
The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants in accordance with the OSD if TRIs have competed the relevant parts of the technical training and flight instruction parts of the applicable TRI course.
In order to extend the privileges of a TRI(H) to multi-pilot operations in the same type of single-pilot helicopters, the holder shall have at least 350 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category or have at least 100 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations on the specific type within the last 2 years.
Before the privileges of a TRI(H) are extended from single-pilot helicopters to multi-pilot helicopters, the holder shall comply with point FCL.915.TRI(d)(3).
(d) Notwithstanding the points above, holders of a TRI certificate who received a type rating in accordance with point FCL.725(e) shall be entitled to have their TRI privileges extended to that new type of aircraft.
FCL.915.TRI TRI — Prerequisites
An applicant for a TRI certificate shall:
hold a CPL, MPL or ATPL pilot licence on the applicable aircraft category;
for a TRI(MPA) certificate:
have completed 1 500 hours flight time as a pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes; and
have completed, within the 12 months preceding the date of application, 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings, as PIC or co-pilot on the applicable aeroplane type, of which 15 sectors may be completed in an FFS representing that type;
for a TRI(SPA) certificate:
have completed, within the 12 months preceding the date of the application, at least 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings, as PIC on the applicable aeroplane type, of which a maximum of 15 sectors may be completed in an FSTD representing that type; and
have competed at least 500 hours flight time as pilot on aeroplanes, including 30 hours as PIC on the applicable type of aeroplane; or
hold or have held an FI certificate for multi-engine aeroplanes with IR(A) privileges;
for TRI(H):
for a TRI(H) certificate for single-pilot single-engine helicopters, either:
have completed 250 hours as a pilot on helicopters; or
hold an FI(H) certificate.
for a TRI(H) certificate for single-pilot multi-engine helicopters, either:
have completed 500 hours as pilot of helicopters, including 100 hours as PIC in single-pilot multi-engine helicopters; or
hold an FI(H) certificate and have completed 100 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-engine helicopters.
for a TRI(H) certificate for multi-pilot helicopters, have completed 1 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on helicopters, and have either 350 hours in multi-pilot operations on any aircraft category or 100 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations on the type for which the TRI(H) certificate is sought;
for TRI(PL):
have completed 1 500 hours flight time as a pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes, powered-lift, or multi-pilot helicopters; and
have completed, within the 12 months preceding the application, 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings, as PIC or co-pilot on the applicable powered-lift type, of which 15 sectors may be completed in an FFS representing that type.
FCL.930.TRI TRI — Training course
|
(a) |
The TRI training course shall be conducted in the aircraft only if no FSTD is available and accessible and shall include:
(1)
25 hours of teaching and learning;
(2)
10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom/simulator instructional skills;
(3)
5 hours of flight instruction on the appropriate aircraft or an FSTD representing that aircraft for single-pilot aircraft and 10 hours for multi-pilot aircraft or an FSTD representing that aircraft;
(4)
the following training, as applicable:
(i)
additional specific training before conducting LIFUS;
(ii)
additional specific training before conducting landing training. That training in the FSTD shall include training for emergency procedures related to the aircraft. |
|
(b) |
Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1). |
|
(c) |
An applicant for a TRI certificate who holds an SFI certificate for the relevant type shall be fully credited towards the requirements of this paragraph for the issue of a TRI certificate restricted to flight instruction in simulators. |
FCL.935.TRI TRI — Assessment of competence
(a) The assessment of competence for a TRI for MPA and PL shall be conducted in an FFS. If no FFS is available or accessible, an aircraft shall be used.
(b) The assessment of competence for a TRI for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes and helicopters shall be conducted in any of the following:
an available and accessible FFS;
if no FFS is available or accessible, in a combination of FSTD(s) and an aircraft;
if no FSTD is available or accessible, in an aircraft.
FCL.940.TRI TRI — Revalidation and renewal
(a) Revalidation
Aeroplanes
To revalidate a TRI(A) certificate, applicants shall, within the 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the certificate fulfil at least two out of the three following requirements:
conduct one of the following parts of a complete type rating or recurrent training course: simulator session of at least 3 hours or one air exercise of at least 1 hour comprising a minimum of two take-offs and landings;
complete instructor refresher training as a TRI(A) at an ATO;
pass the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935. Applicants who have complied with point FCL.910.TRI (b)(3) shall be deemed to comply with this requirement.
Helicopters and powered lift
To revalidate a TRI (H) or TRI(PL) certificate, applicants shall, within the validity period of the TRI certificate fulfil at least two out of the three following requirements:
completed at least 50 hours of flight instruction in each of the types of aircraft for which instructional privileges are held or in an FSTD representing those types, of which at least 15 hours shall be completed in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the TRI certificate. In the case of a TRI(PL), those hours shall be completed as a TRI or a type rating examiner (TRE), or as an SFI or a synthetic flight examiner (SFE). In the case of a TRI(H), the time flown as FIs, instrument rating instructors (IRIs), synthetic training instructors (STIs) or as any kind of examiners shall be accounted for this purpose;
complete instructor refresher training as a TRI(H) or TRI(PL), as relevant, at an ATO;
in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the certificate, passed an assessment of competence in accordance with points FCL.935, FCL.910.TRI(b)(3) or FCL.910.TRI(c)(3), as applicable.
For at least each alternate revalidation of a TRI certificate, holders shall pass the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935.
If TRIs hold a certificate for more than one type of aircraft within the same category, the assessment of competence taken on one of those types of aircraft shall revalidate the TRI certificate for the other types held within the same category of aircraft, unless it is otherwise determined in the OSD.
Specific requirements for the revalidation of a TRI(H) certificate
TRIs(H) holding an FI(H) certificate in the relevant type shall be deemed to comply with the requirements in point (a). In that case, the TRI(H) certificate shall be valid until the expiry date of the FI(H) certificate.
(b) Renewal
To renew a TRI certificate, applicants shall, within the 12 months immediately preceding the date of the application, have passed the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 and shall have completed the following:
for aeroplanes:
at least 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings on the applicable aeroplane type, of which maximum 15 sectors may be completed in an FFS;
instructor refresher training as a TRI at an ATO which shall cover the relevant elements of the TRI training course;
for helicopters and powered lift:
at least 10 hours of flight time, including take-offs and landings on the applicable aircraft type, of which maximum 5 hours may be completed in an FFS or FTD 2/3;
instructor refresher training as a TRI at an ATO, which shall cover the relevant elements of the TRI training course.
If applicants held a certificate for more than one type of aircraft within the same category, the assessment of competence taken on one of those types of aircraft shall renew the TRI certificate for the other types held within the same category of aircraft, unless it is otherwise determined in the OSD.
SECTION 5
Specific requirements for the class rating instructor — CRI
FCL.905.CRI CRI — Privileges and conditions
|
(a) |
The privileges of a CRI are to instruct for:
(1)
the issue, revalidation or renewal of a class or type rating for single-pilot aeroplanes, except for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes, when the privileges sought by the applicant are to fly in single-pilot operations;
(2)
a towing or aerobatic rating for the aeroplane category, provided the CRI holds the relevant rating and has demonstrated the ability to instruct for that rating to an FI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FI(i);
(3)
extension of LAPL(A) privileges to another class or variant of aeroplane. |
|
(b) |
The privileges of a CRI are restricted to the class or type of aeroplane in which the instructor assessment of competence was taken. The privileges of the CRI shall be extended to further classes or types when the CRI has completed, within the last 12 months:
(1)
15 hours flight time as PIC on aeroplanes of the applicable class or type of aeroplane;
(2)
one training flight from the right hand seat under the supervision of another CRI or FI qualified for that class or type occupying the other pilot’s seat. |
|
(ba) |
The privileges of CRIs are to instruct for class and type ratings for single-pilot aeroplanes, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, in multi-pilot operations, provided that CRIs meet any of the following conditions:
(1)
hold or have held a TRI certificate for multi-pilot aeroplanes;
(2)
have at least 500 hours on aeroplanes in multi-pilot operations and completed an MCCI training course in accordance with point FCL.930.MCCI. |
|
(c) |
Applicants for a CRI for multi-engine aeroplanes holding a CRI certificate for single-engine aeroplanes shall have fulfilled the prerequisites for a CRI established in FCL.915.CRI(a) and the requirements of FCL.930.CRI(a)(3) and FCL.935. |
FCL.915.CRI CRI — Prerequisites
An applicant for a CRI certificate shall have completed at least:
for multi-engine aeroplanes:
500 hours flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes;
30 hours as PIC on the applicable class or type of aeroplane;
for single-engine aeroplanes:
300 hours flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes;
30 hours as PIC on the applicable class or type of aeroplane.
FCL.930.CRI CRI — Training course
|
(a) |
The training course for the CRI shall include, at least:
(1)
25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;
(2)
10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom/simulator instructional skills;
(3)
5 hours of flight instruction on multi-engine aeroplanes or an FSTD representing that class or type of aeroplane, including at least 3 hours on the aeroplane, or at least 3 hours of flight instruction on single-engine aeroplanes, given by an FI(A) qualified in accordance with point FCL.905.FI(j). |
|
(b) |
Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1). |
FCL.940.CRI CRI — Revalidation and renewal
(a) To revalidate a CRI certificate, applicants shall fulfil, within the validity period of the CRI certificate, at least two out of the following three requirements:
conduct at least 10 hours of flight instruction as a CRI. If applicants have CRI privileges on both single-engine and multi-engine aeroplanes, those hours of flight instruction shall be equally divided between single-engine and multi-engine aeroplanes;
complete a refresher training as a CRI at an ATO or at a competent authority;
pass the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 for multi-engine or single-engine aeroplanes, as relevant.
(b) For at least each alternate revalidation of a CRI certificate, holders shall have complied with the requirement in point (a)(3).
(c) Renewal
If the CRI certificate has expired, it shall be renewed if the applicants in the period of 12 months before the application for the renewal:
have completed a refresher training as a CRI at an ATO or at a competent authority;
have completed the assessment of competence as required by point FCL.935.
SECTION 6
Specific requirements for the instrument rating instructor — IRI
FCL.905.IRI IRI — Privileges and conditions
|
(a) |
The privileges of IRIs are to instruct for the issue, revalidation and renewal of a BIR and an IR in the appropriate aircraft category. |
|
(b) |
Specific requirements for the MPL course. To instruct for the basic phase of training on an MPL course, the IRI(A) shall:
(1)
hold an IR for multi-engine aeroplanes; and
(2)
have completed at least 1 500 hours of flight time in multi-crew operations.
(3)
In the case of IRI already qualified to instruct on ATP(A) or CPL(A)/IR integrated courses, the requirement of (b)(2) may be replaced by the completion of the course provided for in paragraph FCL.905.FI(j)(3). |
FCL.915.IRI IRI — Prerequisites
Applicants for an IRI certificate shall:
in case of an IRI(A):
to provide training in FSTDs during an approved training course at an ATO, have completed at least 200 hours of flight time under IFR after the issuance of the BIR or the IR, of which at least 50 hours shall be in aeroplanes;
to provide training in an aeroplane, have completed at least 800 hours of flight time under IFR, of which at least 400 hours shall be in aeroplanes;
to apply for an IRI(A) for multi-engine aeroplanes, meet the requirements of points FCL.915.CRI(a), FCL.930.CRI and FCL.935;
for an IRI(H):
to provide training in FSTDs during an approved training course at an ATO, have completed at least 125 hours of flight time under IFR after the issuance of the IR, of which at least 65 hours shall be instrument flight time in helicopters;
to provide training in a helicopter, have completed at least 500 hours of flight time under IFR, of which at least 250 hours shall be instrument flight time in helicopters; and
when seeking privileges to provide training in multi-engine helicopters, meet the requirements of points FCL.910.TRI(c)(1) and FCL.915.TRI(d)(2);
Applicants for an IRI(As) certificate shall have completed at least 300 hours of flight time under IFR, of which at least 100 hours shall be instrument flight time in airships.
FCL.930.IRI IRI — Training course
|
(a) |
The training course for the IRI shall include, at least:
(1)
25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;
(2)
10 hours of technical training, including revision of instrument theoretical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom instructional skills;
(3)
(i)
for the IRI(A), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on an aeroplane, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FPNT II. In the case of applicants holding an FI(A) certificate, these hours are reduced to 5;
(ii)
for the IRI(H), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on a helicopter, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III. In the case of applicants holding an FI(H) certificate, those hours are reduced to at least 5;
(iii)
for the IRI(As), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on an airship, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II. |
|
(b) |
Flight instruction shall be given by an FI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FI(i). |
|
(c) |
Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1). |
FCL.940.IRI IRI — Revalidation and renewal
For revalidation and renewal of an IRI certificate, the holder shall meet the requirements for revalidation and renewal of an FI certificate, in accordance with FCL.940.FI.
SECTION 7
Specific requirements for the synthetic flight instructor — SFI
FCL.905.SFI SFI — Privileges and conditions
(a) The privileges of SFIs are to carry out synthetic flight instruction, within the relevant aircraft category, for:
the revalidation and renewal of an IR, provided that they hold or have held an IR in the relevant aircraft category;
the issue of an IR, provided that they hold or have held an IR in the relevant aircraft category and have completed an IRI training course.
(b) The privileges of SFIs for single-pilot aeroplanes are to carry out synthetic flight instruction for:
the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes, if applicants seek privileges to operate in single-pilot operations.
The privileges of SFIs for single-pilot aeroplanes may be extended to flight instruction for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes type ratings in multi-pilot operations, provided that they meet any of the following conditions:
hold or have held a TRI certificate for multi-pilot aeroplanes;
have at least 500 hours on aeroplanes in multi-pilot operations and have completed an MCCI training course in accordance with point FCL.930.MCCI;
the MCC and the MPL training courses on the basic phase, provided that the privileges of SFIs(SPA) have been extended to multi-pilot operations in accordance with point (1).
(c) The privileges of SFIs for multi-pilot aeroplanes are to carry out synthetic flight instruction for:
the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings for multi-pilot aeroplanes and if applicants seek privileges to operate in multi-pilot operations, for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes;
the MCC training course;
the MPL course on the basic, intermediate and advanced phases, provided that, for the basic phase, they hold or have held an FI(A) or an IRI(A) certificate;
(d) The privileges of SFIs for helicopters are to carry out synthetic flight instruction for:
the issue, revalidation and renewal of helicopter type ratings;
MCC training, provided that they have at least 350 hours as a pilot in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category.
(e) The privileges of an SFI include privileges to conduct EBT practical assessment at an EBT operator, provided that the instructor complies with the requirements of Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 for EBT instructor standardisation at that EBT operator.
FCL.910.SFI SFI — Restricted privileges
The privileges of SFIs shall be restricted to the FTD 2/3 or FFS of the aircraft type in which the SFI training course was taken.
The privileges may be extended to other FSTDs representing further types of the same category of aircraft if the holders have:
completed the simulator content of the relevant type rating course;
completed the relevant parts of the technical training and the FSTD content of the flight instruction syllabus of the applicable TRI course;
conducted on a complete type rating course at least 3 hours of flight instruction related to the duties of an SFI on the applicable type under the supervision and to the satisfaction of a TRE or an SFE qualified for this purpose.
The privileges of the SFI shall be extended to further variants in accordance with the OSD if the SFI has completed the type relevant parts of the technical training and the FSTD content of the flight instruction syllabus of the applicable TRI course.
FCL.915.SFI SFI — Prerequisites
An applicant for an SFI certificate shall:
hold or have held a CPL, MPL or ATPL in the appropriate aircraft category;
have completed the proficiency check for the issue of the specific aircraft type rating in an FFS representing the applicable type, within the 12 months preceding the application; and
additionally, for an SFI(A) for multi-pilot aeroplanes or SFI(PL), have:
at least 1 500 hours flight time as a pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes or powered-lift, as applicable;
completed, as a pilot or as an observer, within the 12 months preceding the application, at least:
3 route sectors on the flight deck of the applicable aircraft type; or
2 line-orientated flight training-based simulator sessions conducted by qualified flight crew on the flight deck of the applicable type. These simulator sessions shall include 2 flights of at least 2 hours each between 2 different aerodromes, and the associated pre-flight planning and de-briefing;
additionally, for an SFI(A) for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes:
have completed at least 500 hours of flight time as PIC on single-pilot aeroplanes;
hold or have held a multi-engine IR(A) rating; and
have met the requirements in (c)(2);
additionally, for an SFI(H), have:
completed, as a pilot or as an observer, at least 1 hour of flight time on the flight deck of the applicable type, within the 12 months preceding the application; and
in the case of multi-pilot helicopters, at least 1 000 hours of flying experience as a pilot in helicopters, including at least 350 hours in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category;
in the case of single-pilot multi-engine helicopters, completed 500 hours as pilot of helicopters, including 100 hours as PIC on single-pilot multi-engine helicopters;
in the case of single-pilot single-engine helicopters, completed 250 hours as a pilot on helicopters;
in the case of single-pilot helicopters in multi-pilot operations, completed at least 350 hours in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category.
FCL.930.SFI SFI — Training course
|
(a) |
The training course for the SFI shall include:
(1)
the FSTD content of the applicable type rating course;
(2)
the relevant parts of the technical training and the FSTD content of the flight instruction syllabus of the applicable TRI training course;
(3)
25 hours of teaching and learning instruction. |
|
(b) |
An applicant for an SFI certificate who holds a TRI certificate for the relevant type shall be fully credited towards the requirements of this paragraph. |
FCL.940.SFI SFI — Revalidation and renewal
(a) Revalidation
To revalidate an SFI certificate, applicants shall fulfil, before the expiry date of the SFI certificate, at least two out of the following three requirements:
have completed at least 50 hours as instructors or examiners in FSTDs, of which at least 15 hours in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the SFI certificate;
have completed instructor refresher training as an SFI at an ATO;
have passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935.
(b) Additionally, applicants shall have completed, on an FFS, the proficiency checks for the issue of the specific aircraft type ratings representing the types for which privileges are held.
(c) For at least each alternate revalidation of an SFI certificate, holders shall comply with the requirement in point (a)(3).
(d) If an SFI holds a certificate in more than one type of aircraft within the same category, the assessment of competence taken on one of those types shall revalidate the SFI certificate for the other types held within the same category of aircraft, unless otherwise is determined in the OSD.
(e) Renewal
To renew the SFI certificate, applicants shall, within the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application for the renewal, comply with all of the following conditions:
have completed instructor refresher training as an SFI at an ATO;
have passed the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935;
have completed, on an FSTD, the skill test for the issue of the specific aircraft type ratings representing the types for which privileges are to be renewed.
SECTION 8
Specific requirements for the multi-crew cooperation instructor — MCCI
FCL.905.MCCI MCCI — Privileges and conditions
|
(a) |
The privileges of an MCCI are to carry out flight instruction during:
(1)
the practical part of MCC courses when not combined with type rating training; and
(2)
in the case of MCCI(A), the basic phase of the MPL integrated training course, provided he/she holds or has held an FI(A) or an IRI(A) certificate. |
FCL.910.MCCI MCCI — Restricted privileges
The privileges of the holder of an MCCI certificate shall be restricted to the FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS in which the MCCI training course was taken.
The privileges may be extended to other FSTDs representing further types of aircraft when the holder has completed the practical training of the MCCI course on that type of FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS.
FCL.915.MCCI MCCI — Prerequisites
An applicant for an MCCI certificate shall:
hold or have held a CPL, MPL or ATPL in the appropriate aircraft category;
have at least:
in the case of aeroplanes, airships and powered-lift aircraft, 1 500 hours of flying experience as a pilot in multi-pilot operations, of which at least 350 hours in the appropriate aircraft category;
in the case of helicopters, 1 000 hours of flying experience as a pilot in multi-pilot operations, of which at least 350 hours in helicopters.
FCL.930.MCCI MCCI — Training course
|
(a) |
The training course for the MCCI shall include, at least:
(1)
25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;
(2)
technical training related to the type of FSTD where the applicant wishes to instruct;
(3)
3 hours of practical instruction, which may be flight instruction or MCC instruction on the relevant FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS, under the supervision of a TRI, SFI or MCCI nominated by the ATO for that purpose. These hours of flight instruction under supervision shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920. |
|
(b) |
Applicants holding or having held an FI, TRI, CRI, IRI or SFI certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1). |
FCL.940.MCCI MCCI — Revalidation and renewal
|
(a) |
For revalidation of an MCCI certificate the applicant shall have completed the requirements of FCL.930.MCCI(a)(3) on the relevant type of FNPT II/III, FTD 2/3 or FFS, within the last 12 months of the validity period of the MCCI certificate. |
|
(b) |
Renewal. If the MCCI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall complete the requirements of FCL.930.MCCI(a)(2) and (3) on the relevant type of FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS. |
SECTION 9
Specific requirements for the synthetic training instructor — STI
FCL.905.STI STI — Privileges and conditions
|
(a) |
The privileges of an STI are to carry out synthetic flight instruction in the appropriate aircraft category for:
(1)
the issue of a licence;
(2)
the issue, revalidation or renewal of a BIR and an IR and a class or type rating for single-pilot aircraft, except for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes. |
|
(b) |
Additional privileges for the STI(A). The privileges of an STI(A) shall include synthetic flight instruction during the core flying skills training of the MPL integrated training course. |
FCL.910.STI STI — Restricted privileges
The privileges of STIs shall be restricted to the FSTD in which the STI training course was taken.
The privileges may be extended to other FSTDs representing further types of aircraft if in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application the holders have:
completed the FSTD content of the CRI or TRI course on the class or type of aircraft for which instructional privileges are sought;
passed in the FSTD on which flight instruction is to be conducted, the applicable section of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex for the appropriate class or type of aircraft.
For STIs(A) instructing on BITD only, the proficiency check shall include only the exercises appropriate for the skill test for the issue of a PPL(A);
conducted, on a CPL, an IR, a PPL or a class or type rating course, at least 3 hours of flight instruction under the supervision of an FI, a CRI(A), an IRI or a TRI nominated by the ATO for this purpose, including at least 1 hour of flight instruction that is supervised by an FIE in the appropriate aircraft category.
FCL.915.STI STI — Prerequisites
(a) Applicants for the issue of an STI certificate shall:
hold, or have held within the 3 years prior to the application, a pilot licence and instructional privileges appropriate to the courses on which instruction is intended;
have completed in an FSTD the relevant proficiency check for the class or type rating, in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application.
Applicants for the issue of an STI(A) wishing to instruct on BITDs only, shall complete the exercises appropriate for a skill test for the issue of a PPL(A) only;
(b) Additionally to the requirements laid down in point (a), applicants for the issue of an STI(H) certificate shall have completed at least 1 hour of flight time as an observer on the flight deck of the applicable type of helicopter, in the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application.
FCL.930.STI STI — Training course
|
(a) |
The training course for the STI shall comprise at least 3 hours of flight instruction related to the duties of an STI in an FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III, under the supervision of an FIE. These hours of flight instruction under supervision shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920. Applicants for an STI(A) wishing to instruct on a BITD only, shall complete the flight instruction on a BITD. |
|
(b) |
For applicants for an STI(H), the course shall also include the FFS content of the applicable TRI course. |
FCL.940.STI STI — Revalidation and renewal of the STI certificate
(a) Revalidation
To revalidate an STI certificate, applicants shall, within the period of 12 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the STI certificate, comply with all of the following conditions:
have conducted at least 3 hours of flight instruction in an FSTD, as part of a complete CPL, IR, PPL or class or type rating course;
have passed in the FSTD on which flight instruction is conducted, the applicable sections of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex for the appropriate class or type of aircraft.
For STIs(A) instructing on BITDs only, the proficiency check shall include the exercises appropriate for a skill test for the issue of a PPL(A) only.
(b) Renewal
To renew STI certificate, the applicants shall within the period of 12 months immediately preceding the application for the renewal:
complete a refresher training as an STI at an ATO;
pass in the FSTD on which flight instruction is conducted, the applicable sections of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Annex for the appropriate class or type of aircraft.
For an STI(A) instructing on BITDs only, the proficiency check shall include the exercises appropriate for a skill test for the issue of a PPL(A) only;
conduct, in the relevant aircraft category, on a complete CPL, IR, PPL or class or type rating course, at least 3 hours of flight instruction under the supervision of an FI, a CRI, an IRI or a TRI nominated by the ATO for this purpose, including at least 1 hour of flight instruction supervised by a flight instructor examiner (FIE).
SECTION 10
Mountain rating instructor — MI
FCL.905.MI MI — Privileges and conditions
The privileges of an MI are to carry out flight instruction for the issue of a mountain rating.
FCL.915.MI MI — Prerequisites
An applicant for an MI certificate shall:
hold a, FI, CRI, or TRI certificate, with privileges for single-pilot aeroplanes;
hold a mountain rating.
FCL.930.MI MI — Training course
|
(a) |
The training course for the MI shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920. |
|
(b) |
Before attending the course, applicants shall have passed a pre-entry flight test with an MI holding an FI certificate to assess their experience and ability to undertake the training course. |
FCL.940.MI Validity of the MI certificate
The MI certificate is valid as long as the FI, TRI or CRI certificate is valid.
SECTION 11
Specific requirements for the flight test instructor — FTI
FCL.905.FTI FTI — Privileges and conditions
|
(a) |
The privileges of a flight test instructor (FTI) are to instruct, within the appropriate aircraft category, for:
(1)
the issue of category 1 or 2 flight test ratings, provided he/she holds the relevant category of flight test rating;
(2)
the issue of an FTI certificate, within the relevant category of flight test rating, provided that the instructor has at least 2 years of experience instructing for the issue of flight test ratings. |
|
(b) |
The privileges of an FTI holding a category 1 flight test rating include the provision of flight instruction also in relation to category 2 flight test ratings. |
FCL.915.FTI FTI — Prerequisites
An applicant for an FTI certificate shall:
hold a flight test rating issued in accordance with FCL.820;
have completed at least 200 hours of category 1 or 2 flight tests.
FCL.930.FTI FTI — Training course
|
(a) |
The training course for the FTI shall include, at least:
(1)
25 hours of teaching and learning;
(2)
10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom/simulator instructional skills;
(3)
5 hours of practical flight instruction under the supervision of an FTI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FTI(b). These hours of flight instruction shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920. |
|
(b) |
Crediting:
(1)
Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).
(2)
In addition, applicants holding or having held an FI or TRI certificate in the relevant aircraft category shall be fully credited towards the requirements of (a)(2). |
FCL.940.FTI FTI — Revalidation and renewal
|
(a) |
Revalidation. For revalidation of an FTI certificate, the applicant shall, within the validity period of the FTI certificate, fulfil one of the following requirements:
(1)
complete at least:
(i)
50 hours of flight tests, of which at least 15 hours shall be within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FTI certificate; and
(ii)
5 hours of flight test flight instruction within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FTI certificate; or
(2)
receive refresher training as an FTI at an ATO. The refresher training shall be based on the practical flight instruction element of the FTI training course, in accordance with FCL.930.FTI(a)(3), and include at least 1 instruction flight under the supervision of an FTI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FTI(b). |
|
(b) |
Renewal. If the FTI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall receive refresher training as an FTI at an ATO. The refresher training shall comply at least with the requirements of FCL.930.FTI(a)(3). |
SUBPART K
EXAMINERS
SECTION 1
Common requirements
FCL.1000 Examiner certificates
(a) General
Holders of an examiner certificate shall:
hold, unless otherwise determined in this Annex, an equivalent licence, rating or certificate to the ones for which they are authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence and the privilege to instruct for them;
be qualified to act as PIC in the aircraft during a skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence if conducted on the aircraft.
(b) Special conditions:
The competent authority may issue a specific certificate granting privileges for the conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence if compliance with the requirements established in this Subpart is not possible because of the introduction of any of the following:
new aircraft in the Member States or in an operator’s fleet;
new training courses in this Annex.
Such a certificate shall be limited to the skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence necessary for the introduction of the new type of aircraft or the new training course and its validity shall not, in any case, exceed 1 year.
Holders of a certificate issued in accordance with point (b)(1) who wish to apply for an examiner certificate shall comply with the prerequisites and revalidation requirements for that category of examiner certificate.
Where no qualified examiner is available, competent authorities may, on a case-by -case basis, authorise inspectors or examiners who do not meet the relevant instructor, type or class rating requirements as specified in (a), to perform skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence.
(c) Examination provided outside the territory of the Member States:
By way of derogation from point (a), in the case of skill tests and proficiency checks provided outside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention, the competent authority shall issue an examiner certificate to applicants holding a pilot licence that is compliant with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, provided that those applicants:
hold at least an equivalent licence, rating, or certificate to the one for which they are authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence, and in any case at least a CPL;
are qualified to act as PIC in the aircraft during a skill test or proficiency check that is conducted in the aircraft;
comply with the requirements established in this Subpart for the issue of the relevant examiner certificate; and
demonstrate to the competent authority an adequate level of knowledge of European aviation safety rules to be able to exercise examiner privileges in accordance with this Annex.
The certificate referred to in point (1) shall be limited to performing skill tests and proficiency checks:
outside the territories for which the Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention; and
to pilots who have sufficient knowledge of the language in which the test/check is given.
FCL.1005 Limitation of privileges in case of vested interests
Examiners shall not conduct:
skill tests or assessments of competence of applicants for the issue of a licence, rating or certificate to whom they have provided more than 25 % of the required flight instruction for the licence, rating or certificate for which the skill test or assessment of competence is being taken; and
skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence whe