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Document 02002L0087-20210626
Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate and amending Council Directives 73/239/EEC, 79/267/EEC, 92/49/EEC, 92/96/EEC, 93/6/EEC and 93/22/EEC, and Directives 98/78/EC and 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
Consolidated text: Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate and amending Council Directives 73/239/EEC, 79/267/EEC, 92/49/EEC, 92/96/EEC, 93/6/EEC and 93/22/EEC, and Directives 98/78/EC and 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate and amending Council Directives 73/239/EEC, 79/267/EEC, 92/49/EEC, 92/96/EEC, 93/6/EEC and 93/22/EEC, and Directives 98/78/EC and 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
In force
02002L0087 — EN — 26.06.2021 — 007.001
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DIRECTIVE 2002/87/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 December 2002 (OJ L 035 11.2.2003, p. 1) |
Amended by:
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Official Journal |
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No |
page |
date |
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DIRECTIVE 2005/1/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 9 March 2005 |
L 79 |
9 |
24.3.2005 |
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DIRECTIVE 2006/48/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 June 2006 |
L 177 |
1 |
30.6.2006 |
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DIRECTIVE 2008/25/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 11 March 2008 |
L 81 |
40 |
20.3.2008 |
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DIRECTIVE 2009/138/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2009 |
L 335 |
1 |
17.12.2009 |
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DIRECTIVE 2010/78/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 |
L 331 |
120 |
15.12.2010 |
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DIRECTIVE 2011/89/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 November 2011 |
L 326 |
113 |
8.12.2011 |
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DIRECTIVE 2013/36/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 June 2013 |
L 176 |
338 |
27.6.2013 |
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DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/2034 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 November 2019 |
L 314 |
64 |
5.12.2019 |
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DIRECTIVE 2002/87/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 16 December 2002
on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate and amending Council Directives 73/239/EEC, 79/267/EEC, 92/49/EEC, 92/96/EEC, 93/6/EEC and 93/22/EEC, and Directives 98/78/EC and 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
CHAPTER I
OBJECTIVE AND DEFINITIONS
Article 1
Subject matter
This Directive lays down rules for supplementary supervision of regulated entities which have obtained an authorisation in accordance with Article 6 of Directive 73/239/EEC, Article 4 of Directive 2002/83/EC ( 1 ), Article 5 of Directive 2004/39/EC ( 2 ), Article 3 of Directive 2005/68/EC ( 3 ), Article 6 of Directive 2006/48/EC ( 4 ), Article 5 of Directive 2009/65/EC ( 5 ), Article 14 of Directive 2009/138/EC ( 6 ) or Articles 6 to 11 of Directive 2011/61/EU ( 7 ), and which are part of a financial conglomerate.
This Directive also amends the relevant sectoral rules which apply to entities regulated by those Directives.
Article 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Directive:
‘credit institution’ means a credit institution within the meaning of Article 4(1) of Directive 2006/48/EC;
‘insurance undertaking’ means an insurance undertaking within the meaning of Article 13(1), (2) or (3) of Directive 2009/138/EC;
‘investment firm’ means an investment firm within the meaning of point 1 of Article 4(1) of Directive 2004/39/EC, including the undertakings referred to in Article 3(1)(d) of Directive 2006/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions ( 8 ) or an undertaking the registered office of which is in a third country and which would require authorisation under Directive 2004/39/EC if its registered office were in the Union;
‘regulated entity’ means a credit institution, an insurance undertaking, a reinsurance undertaking, an investment firm, an asset management company or an alternative investment fund manager;
‘asset management company’ means a management company within the meaning of Article 2(1)(b) of Directive 2009/65/EC or an undertaking the registered office of which is in a third country and which would require authorisation under that Directive if its registered office were within the Union;
‘alternative investment fund manager’ means a manager of alternative investment funds within the meaning of Article 4(1)(b), (l) and (ab) of Directive 2011/61/EU or an undertaking the registered office of which is in a third country and which would require authorisation under that Directive if its registered office were within the Union;
‘reinsurance undertaking’ means a reinsurance undertaking within the meaning of Article 13(4), (5) or (6) of Directive 2009/138/EC or a special purpose vehicle within the meaning of Article 13(26) of Directive 2009/138/EC;
‘sectoral rules’ means Union legal acts relating to the prudential supervision of regulated entities, in particular Regulations (EU) No 575/2013 ( 9 ) and (EU) 2019/2033 ( 10 ) of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directives 2009/138/EC, 2013/36/EU ( 11 ), 2014/65/EU ( 12 ) and (EU) 2019/2034 ( 13 ) of the European Parliament and of the Council;
‘financial sector’ means a sector composed of one or more of the following entities:
a credit institution, a financial institution or an ancillary services undertaking within the meaning of Article 4(1), (5) or (21) of Directive 2006/48/EC (hereinafter referred to collectively as ‘the banking sector’);
an insurance undertaking, a reinsurance undertaking or an insurance holding company within the meaning of Article 13(1), (2), (4) or (5) or of Article 212(1)(f) of Directive 2009/138/EC (hereinafter referred to collectively as ‘the insurance sector’);
an investment firm within the meaning of Article 3(1)(b) of Directive 2006/49/EC (hereinafter referred to collectively as ‘the investment services sector’);
‘parent undertaking’ means a parent undertaking as defined in Article 1 of Seventh Council Directive 83/349/EEC of 13 June 1983 on consolidated accounts ( 14 ) or any undertaking which, in the opinion of the competent authorities, effectively exercises a dominant influence over another undertaking;
‘subsidiary undertaking’ means a subsidiary undertaking as defined in Article 1 of Directive 83/349/EEC or any undertaking over which, in the opinion of the competent authorities, a parent undertaking effectively exercises a dominant influence or all subsidiaries of such subsidiary undertakings;
‘participation’ means a participation within the meaning of the first sentence of Article 17 of Fourth Council Directive 78/660/EEC of 25 July 1978 on the annual accounts of certain types of companies ( 15 ), or the direct or indirect ownership of 20 % or more of the voting rights or capital of an undertaking;
‘group’ means a group of undertakings which consists of a parent undertaking, its subsidiaries and the entities in which the parent undertaking or its subsidiaries hold a participation, or undertakings linked to each other by a relationship within the meaning of Article 12(1) of Directive 83/349/EEC, including any subgroup thereof;
‘control’ means the relationship between a parent undertaking and a subsidiary undertaking as set out in Article 1 of Directive 83/349/EEC, or a similar relationship between a natural or legal person and an undertaking;
‘close links’ means a situation in which two or more natural or legal persons are linked by control or participation, or a situation in which two or more natural or legal persons are permanently linked to the same person by a control relationship;
‘financial conglomerate’ means a group or subgroup, where a regulated entity is at the head of the group or subgroup, or where at least one of the subsidiaries in that group or subgroup is a regulated entity, and which meets the following conditions:
where there is a regulated entity at the head of the group or subgroup:
that entity is a parent undertaking of an entity in the financial sector, an entity which holds a participation in an entity in the financial sector, or an entity linked with an entity in the financial sector by a relationship within the meaning of Article 12(1) of Directive 83/349/EEC;
at least one of the entities in the group or subgroup is within the insurance sector and at least one is within the banking or investment services sector; and
the consolidated or aggregated activities of the entities in the group or subgroup within the insurance sector and of the entities within the banking and investment services sector are both significant within the meaning of Article 3(2) or (3) of this Directive; or
where there is no regulated entity at the head of the group or subgroup:
the group’s or subgroup’s activities occur mainly in the financial sector within the meaning of Article 3(1) of this Directive;
at least one of the entities in the group or subgroup is within the insurance sector and at least one is within the banking or investment services sector; and
the consolidated or aggregated activities of the entities in the group or subgroup within the insurance sector and of the entities within the banking and investment services sector are both significant within the meaning of Article 3(2) or (3) of this Directive;
‘mixed financial holding company’ means a parent undertaking, other than a regulated entity, which, together with its subsidiaries — at least one of which is a regulated entity which has its registered office in the Union — and other entities, constitutes a financial conglomerate;
‘competent authorities’ means the national authorities of the Member States which are empowered by law or regulation to supervise credit institutions, insurance undertakings, reinsurance undertakings, investment firms, asset management companies or alternative investment fund managers whether on an individual or group-wide basis;
‘relevant competent authorities’ means:
Member States’ competent authorities responsible for the sectoral group-wide supervision of any of the regulated entities in a financial conglomerate, in particular of the ultimate parent undertaking of a sector;
the coordinator appointed in accordance with Article 10 if different from the authorities referred to in point (a);
where appropriate, other competent authorities relevant to the opinion of the authorities referred to in points (a) and (b);
‘intra-group transactions’ means all transactions by which regulated entities within a financial conglomerate rely directly or indirectly on other undertakings within the same group or on any natural or legal person linked to the undertakings within that group by close links, for the fulfilment of an obligation, whether or not contractual, and whether or not for payment;
‘risk concentration’ means all risk exposures with a loss potential which is large enough to threaten the solvency or the financial position in general of the regulated entities in a financial conglomerate, whether such exposures are caused by counterparty risk/credit risk, investment risk, insurance risk, market risk, other risks, or a combination or interaction of such risks.
Until the entry into force of any regulatory technical standards adopted in accordance with Article 21a(1)(b), the opinion referred to in point (17)(c) shall, in particular, take into account the market share of the regulated entities of the financial conglomerate in other Member States, in particular if it exceeds 5 %, and the importance in the financial conglomerate of any regulated entity established in another Member State.
Article 3
Thresholds for identifying a financial conglomerate
For the purposes of this Directive, the smallest financial sector in a financial conglomerate is the sector with the smallest average and the most important financial sector in a financial conglomerate is the sector with the highest average. For the purposes of calculating the average and for the measurement of the smallest and the most important financial sectors, the banking sector and the investment services sector shall be considered together.
Asset management companies shall be added to the sector to which they belong within the group. If they do not belong exclusively to one sector within the group, they shall be added to the smallest financial sector.
Alternative investment fund managers shall be added to the sector to which they belong within the group. If they do not belong exclusively to one sector within the group, they shall be added to the smallest financial sector.
If the group does not reach the threshold referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, the relevant competent authorities may decide by common agreement not to regard the group as a financial conglomerate. They may also decide not to apply the provisions of Article 7, 8, or 9, if they are of the opinion that the inclusion of the group in the scope of this Directive or the application of such provisions is not necessary or would be inappropriate or misleading with respect to the objectives of supplementary supervision.
Decisions taken in accordance with this paragraph shall be notified to the other competent authorities and shall, save in exceptional circumstances, be made public by the competent authorities.
Decisions taken in accordance with this paragraph shall be notified to the other competent authorities and shall, save in exceptional circumstances, be made public by the competent authorities.
For the application of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, the relevant competent authorities may by common agreement:
exclude an entity when calculating the ratios, in the cases referred to in Article 6(5), unless the entity moved from a Member State to a third country and there is evidence that the entity changed its location in order to avoid regulation;
take into account compliance with the thresholds envisaged in paragraphs 1 and 2 for three consecutive years so as to avoid sudden regime shifts, and disregard such compliance if there are significant changes in the group's structure;
exclude one or more participations in the smaller sector if such participations are decisive for the identification of a financial conglomerate, and are collectively of negligible interest with respect to the objectives of supplementary supervision.
Where a financial conglomerate has been identified according to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, the decisions referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph shall be taken on the basis of a proposal made by the coordinator of that financial conglomerate.
Similarly, for the application of paragraph 3, if the balance sheet total of the smallest financial sector in the group falls below EUR 6 billion for conglomerates already subject to supplementary supervision, a lower figure of EUR 5 billion shall apply for the following three years to avoid sudden regime shifts.
During the period referred to in this paragraph, the coordinator may, with the agreement of the other relevant competent authorities, decide that the lower ratios or the lower amount referred to in this paragraph shall cease to apply.
The solvency requirements referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions of the relevant sectoral rules.
Article 4
Identifying a financial conglomerate
For that purpose:
The coordinator appointed in accordance with Article 10 shall inform the parent undertaking at the head of a group or, in the absence of a parent undertaking, the regulated entity with the largest balance sheet total in the most important financial sector in a group, that the group has been identified as a financial conglomerate and of the appointment of the coordinator.
The coordinator shall also inform the competent authorities which have authorised regulated entities in the group, the competent authorities of the Member State in which the mixed financial holding company has its head office and the Joint Committee.
The name of each regulated entity referred to in Article 1 which is part of a financial conglomerate shall be entered on a list, which the Joint Committee shall publish and keep up-to-date on its website.
CHAPTER II
SUPPLEMENTARY SUPERVISION
SECTION 1
SCOPE
Article 5
Scope of supplementary supervision of regulated entities referred to in Article 1
The following regulated entities shall be subject to supplementary supervision at the level of the financial conglomerate in accordance with Articles 6 to 17:
every regulated entity which is at the head of a financial conglomerate;
every regulated entity, the parent undertaking of which is a mixed financial holding company which has its head office in the Union;
every regulated entity linked with another financial sector entity by a relationship within the meaning of Article 12(1) of Directive 83/349/EEC.
Where a financial conglomerate is a subgroup of another financial conglomerate which meets the requirements of the first subparagraph, Member States may apply Articles 6 to 17 to the regulated entities within the latter group only and any reference in the Directive to the terms group and financial conglomerate will then be understood as referring to that latter group.
In order to apply such supplementary supervision, at least one of the entities must be a regulated entity as referred to in Article 1 and the conditions set out in Article 2(14)(a)(ii) or (14)(b)(ii) and Article 2(14)(a)(iii) or (14)(b)(iii) must be met. The relevant competent authorities shall take their decision, taking into account the objectives of the supplementary supervision as provided for by this Directive.
For the purposes of applying the first subparagraph to ‘cooperative groups’, the competent authorities must take into account the public financial commitment of these groups with respect to other financial entities.
SECTION 2
FINANCIAL POSITION
Article 6
Capital adequacy
The Member States shall also require regulated entities to have in place adequate capital adequacy policies at the level of the financial conglomerate.
The requirements referred to in the first and second subparagraphs shall be subject to supervisory overview by the coordinator in accordance with Section 3.
The coordinator shall ensure that the calculation referred to in the first subparagraph is carried out at least once a year, either by the regulated entities or by the mixed financial holding company.
The results of the calculation and the relevant data for the calculation shall be submitted to the coordinator by the regulated entity within the meaning of Article 1 which is at the head of the financial conglomerate, or, where the financial conglomerate is not headed by a regulated entity within the meaning of Article 1, by the mixed financial holding company or by the regulated entity in the financial conglomerate identified by the coordinator after consultation with the other relevant competent authorities and with the financial conglomerate.
For the purposes of calculating the capital adequacy requirements referred to in the first subparagraph of paragraph 2, the following entities shall be included in the scope of supplementary supervision in accordance with Annex I:
a credit institution, a financial institution or an ancillary services undertaking;
an insurance undertaking, a reinsurance undertaking or an insurance holding company;
an investment firm;
a mixed financial holding company.
When applying method 2 (Deduction and aggregation) referred to in Annex I, the calculation shall take account of the proportion of the subscribed capital which is directly or indirectly held by the parent undertaking or undertaking which holds a participation in another entity of the group.
The coordinator may decide not to include a particular entity in the scope when calculating the supplementary capital adequacy requirements in the following cases:
if the entity is situated in a third country where there are legal impediments to the transfer of the necessary information, without prejudice to the sectoral rules regarding the obligation of competent authorities to refuse authorisation where the effective exercise of their supervisory functions is prevented;
if the entity is of negligible interest with respect to the objectives of the supplementary supervision of regulated entities in a financial conglomerate;
if the inclusion of the entity would be inappropriate or misleading with respect to the objectives of supplementary supervision.
However, if several entities are to be excluded pursuant to (b) of the first subparagraph, they must nevertheless be included when collectively they are of non-negligible interest.
In the case mentioned in (c) of the first subparagraph the coordinator shall, except in cases of urgency, consult the other relevant competent authorities before taking a decision.
When the coordinator does not include a regulated entity in the scope under one of the cases provided for in (b) and (c) of the first subparagraph, the competent authorities of the Member State in which that entity is situated may ask the entity which is at the head of the financial conglomerate for information which may facilitate their supervision of the regulated entity.
Article 7
Risk concentration
These risk concentrations shall be subject to supervisory overview by the coordinator in accordance with Section 3.
Article 8
Intra-group transactions
The necessary information shall be submitted to the coordinator by the regulated entity within the meaning of Article 1 which is at the head of the financial conglomerate or, where the financial conglomerate is not headed by a regulated entity within the meaning of Article 1, by the mixed financial holding company or by the regulated entity in the financial conglomerate identified by the coordinator after consultation with the other relevant competent authorities and with the financial conglomerate.
These intra-group transactions shall be subject to supervisory overview by the coordinator.
Article 9
Internal control mechanisms and risk management processes
The risk management processes shall include:
sound governance and management with the approval and periodical review of the strategies and policies by the appropriate governing bodies at the level of the financial conglomerate with respect to all the risks they assume;
adequate capital adequacy policies in order to anticipate the impact of their business strategy on risk profile and capital requirements as determined in accordance with Article 6 and Annex I;
adequate procedures to ensure that their risk monitoring systems are well integrated into their organisation and that all measures are taken to ensure that the systems implemented in all the undertakings included in the scope of supplementary supervision are consistent so that the risks can be measured, monitored and controlled at the level of the financial conglomerate;
arrangements in place to contribute to and develop, if required, adequate recovery and resolution arrangements and plans. Such arrangements shall be updated regularly.
The internal control mechanisms shall include:
adequate mechanisms as regards capital adequacy to identify and measure all material risks incurred and to appropriately relate own funds to risks;
sound reporting and accounting procedures to identify, measure, monitor and control the intra-group transactions and the risk concentration.
The Member States shall require the regulated entities, at the level of the financial conglomerate, to regularly provide their competent authority with details on their legal structure and governance and organisational structure including all regulated entities, non-regulated subsidiaries and significant branches.
The Member States shall require the regulated entities to disclose publicly, at the level of the financial conglomerate, on an annual basis, either in full or by way of references to equivalent information, a description of their legal structure and governance and organisational structure.
SECTION 3
MEASURES TO FACILITATE SUPPLEMENTARY SUPERVISION AND POWERS OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE
Article 9a
Role of the Joint Committee
The Joint Committee shall, in accordance with Article 56 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively, ensure coherent cross-sectoral and cross-border supervision and compliance with Union legislation.
Article 9b
Stress testing
Article 10
Competent authority responsible for exercising supplementary supervision (the coordinator)
The appointment shall be based on the following criteria:
where a financial conglomerate is headed by a regulated entity, the task of coordinator shall be exercised by the competent authority which has authorised that regulated entity pursuant to the relevant sectoral rules;
where a financial conglomerate is not headed by a regulated entity, the task of coordinator shall be exercised by the competent authority identified in accordance with the following principles:
where the parent of a regulated entity is a mixed financial holding company, the task of coordinator shall be exercised by the competent authority which has authorised that regulated entity pursuant to the relevant sectoral rules;
where at least two regulated entities which have their registered office in the Union have as their parent the same mixed financial holding company, and one of those entities has been authorised in the Member State in which the mixed financial holding company has its head office, the task of coordinator shall be exercised by the competent authority of the regulated entity authorised in that Member State.
Where more than one regulated entity, being active in different financial sectors, have been authorised in the Member State in which the mixed financial holding company has its head office, the task of coordinator shall be exercised by the competent authority of the regulated entity active in the most important financial sector.
Where the financial conglomerate is headed by more than one mixed financial holding company with a head office in different Member States and there is a regulated entity in each of these States, the task of coordinator shall be exercised by the competent authority of the regulated entity with the largest balance sheet total if these entities are in the same financial sector, or by the competent authority of the regulated entity in the most important financial sector;
where at least two regulated entities which have their registered office in the Union have as their parent the same mixed financial holding company and none of those entities has been authorised in the Member State in which the mixed financial holding company has its head office, the task of coordinator shall be exercised by the competent authority which authorised the regulated entity with the largest balance sheet total in the most important financial sector;
where the financial conglomerate is a group without a parent undertaking at the top, or in any other case, the task of coordinator shall be exercised by the competent authority which authorised the regulated entity with the largest balance sheet total in the most important financial sector.
Article 11
Tasks of the coordinator
The tasks to be carried out by the coordinator with regard to supplementary supervision shall include:
coordination of the gathering and dissemination of relevant or essential information in going concern and emergency situations, including the dissemination of information which is of importance for a competent authority's supervisory task under sectoral rules;
supervisory overview and assessment of the financial situation of a financial conglomerate;
assessment of compliance with the rules on capital adequacy and of risk concentration and intra-group transactions as set out in Articles 6, 7 and 8;
assessment of the financial conglomerate's structure, organisation and internal control system as set out in Article 9;
planning and coordination of supervisory activities in going concern as well as in emergency situations, in cooperation with the relevant competent authorities involved;
other tasks, measures and decisions assigned to the coordinator by this Directive or deriving from the application of this Directive.
In order to facilitate and establish supplementary supervision on a broad legal basis, the coordinator, and the other relevant competent authorities, and, where necessary, the other competent authorities concerned, shall have coordination arrangements in place. The coordination arrangements may entrust additional tasks to the coordinator and may specify the procedures for the decision-making process among the relevant competent authorities as referred to in Articles 3 and 4, Article 5(4), Article 6, Article 12(2) and Articles 16 and 18, and for cooperation with other competent authorities.
In accordance with Article 8 and the procedure set out in Article 56 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively, the ESA, through the Joint Committee, shall develop guidelines aimed at the convergence of supervisory practices with regard to the consistency of supervisory coordination arrangements in accordance with Article 131a of Directive 2006/48/EC and Article 248(4) of Directive 2009/138/EC.
The coordination arrangements referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1 shall be separately reflected in the written coordination arrangements in place pursuant to Article 131 of Directive 2006/48/EC or Article 248 of Directive 2009/138/EC. The coordinator, as Chair of a college established pursuant to Article 131a of Directive 2006/48/EC or Article 248(2) of Directive 2009/138/EC, shall decide which other competent authorities participate in a meeting or in any activity of that college.
Article 12
Cooperation and exchange of information between competent authorities
This cooperation shall at least provide for the gathering and the exchange of information with regard to the following items:
identification of the group’s legal structure and the governance and organisational structure, including all regulated entities, non-regulated subsidiaries and significant branches belonging to the financial conglomerate, the holders of qualifying holdings at the ultimate parent level, as well as of the competent authorities of the regulated entities in the group;
the financial conglomerate's strategic policies;
the financial situation of the financial conglomerate, in particular on capital adequacy, intra-group transactions, risk concentration and profitability;
the financial conglomerate's major shareholders and management;
the organisation, risk management and internal control systems at financial conglomerate level;
procedures for the collection of information from the entities in a financial conglomerate, and the verification of that information;
adverse developments in regulated entities or in other entities of the financial conglomerate which could seriously affect the regulated entities;
major sanctions and exceptional measures taken by competent authorities in accordance with sectoral rules or this Directive.
The competent authorities may also exchange with the following authorities such information as may be needed for the performance of their respective tasks, regarding regulated entities in a financial conglomerate, in line with the provisions laid down in the sectoral rules: central banks, the European System of Central Banks, the European Central Bank and the European Systemic Risk Board in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on European Union macro-prudential oversight of the financial system and establishing a European Systemic Risk Board ( 20 ).
Without prejudice to their respective responsibilities as defined under sectoral rules, the competent authorities concerned shall, prior to their decision, consult each other with regard to the following items, where these decisions are of importance for other competent authorities' supervisory tasks:
changes in the shareholder, organisational or management structure of regulated entities in a financial conglomerate, which require the approval or authorisation of competent authorities;
major sanctions or exceptional measures taken by competent authorities.
A competent authority may decide not to consult in cases of urgency or where such consultation may jeopardise the effectiveness of the decisions. In this case, the competent authority shall, without delay, inform the other competent authorities.
Where the information referred to in Article 14(2) has already been given to a competent authority in accordance with sectoral rules, the competent authorities responsible for exercising supplementary supervision may apply to the first-mentioned authority to obtain the information.
Information received in the framework of supplementary supervision, and in particular any exchange of information between competent authorities and between competent authorities and other authorities which is provided for in this Directive, shall be subject to the provisions on professional secrecy and communication of confidential information laid down in the sectoral rules.
Article 12a
Cooperation and exchange of information with the Joint Committee
Article 12b
Common guidelines
Article 13
Management body of mixed financial holding companies
Member States shall require that persons who effectively direct the business of a mixed financial holding company are of sufficiently good repute and have sufficient experience to perform those duties.
Article 14
Access to information
Article 15
Verification
Where, in applying this Directive, competent authorities wish in specific cases to verify the information concerning an entity, whether or not regulated, which is part of a financial conglomerate and is situated in another Member State, they shall ask the competent authorities of that other Member State to have the verification carried out.
The authorities which receive such a request shall, within the framework of their competences, act upon it either by carrying out the verification themselves, by allowing an auditor or expert to carry it out, or by allowing the authority which made the request to carry it out itself.
The competent authority which made the request may, if it so wishes, participate in the verification when it does not carry out the verification itself.
Article 16
Enforcement measures
If the regulated entities in a financial conglomerate do not comply with the requirements referred to in Articles 6 to 9 or where the requirements are met but solvency may nevertheless be jeopardised or where the intra-group transactions or the risk concentrations are a threat to the regulated entities' financial position, the necessary measures shall be required in order to rectify the situation as soon as possible:
Without prejudice to Article 17(2), Member States may determine what measures may be taken by the competent authorities with respect to mixed financial holding companies. In accordance with Articles 16 and 56 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively, the ESA, through the Joint Committee, may develop guidelines for measures in relation to mixed financial holding companies.
The competent authorities involved, including the coordinator, shall where appropriate coordinate their supervisory actions.
Article 17
Additional powers of the competent authorities
SECTION 4
THIRD COUNTRIES
Article 18
Parent undertakings in a third country
Without prejudice to the sectoral rules, where Article 5(3) applies, the competent authorities shall verify whether the regulated entities, the parent undertaking of which has its head office in a third country are subject to supervision by that third country's competent authority, which is equivalent to that provided for by this Directive on the supplementary supervision of regulated entities referred to in Article 5(2). The verification shall be carried out by the competent authority which would be the coordinator if the criteria set out in Article 10(2) were to apply, on the request of the parent undertaking or of any of the regulated entities authorised in the Union or on its own initiative.
That competent authority shall consult the other relevant competent authorities, and shall make every effort to comply with any applicable guidelines prepared through the Joint Committee in accordance with Articles 16 and 56 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively.
Article 19
Cooperation with third-country competent authorities
Article 39(1) and (2) of Directive 2006/48/EC, Article 10a of Directive 98/78/EC and Article 264 of Directive 2009/138/EC shall apply mutatis mutandis to the negotiation of agreements with one or more third countries regarding the means of exercising supplementary supervision of regulated entities in a financial conglomerate.
CHAPTER III
DELEGATED ACTS AND IMPLEMENTING MEASURES
Article 20
Powers conferred on the Commission
The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 21c concerning the technical adaptations to be made to this Directive in the following areas:
a more precise formulation of the definitions laid down in Article 2 in order to take account of developments in financial markets for the application of this Directive;
the alignment of terminology and the framing of definitions in this Directive in accordance with subsequent Union acts on regulated entities and related matters;
a more precise definition of the calculation methods set out in Annex I in order to take account of developments on financial markets and prudential techniques.
Those measures shall not include the subject matter of the power delegated to and conferred on the Commission with regard to the items listed in Article 21a.
Article 21
Committee
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Article 21a
Technical standards
In order to ensure consistent harmonisation of this Directive, the ESA, in accordance with Article 56 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010, and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively may develop draft regulatory technical standards with regard to:
Article 2(11) in order to specify the application of Article 17 of Council Directive 78/660/EEC in the context of this Directive;
Article 2(17) in order to establish procedures or specify criteria for the determination of ‘relevant competent authorities’;
Article 3(5) in order to specify the alternative parameters for the identification of a financial conglomerate;
Article 6(2) in order to ensure a uniform format (with instructions) for, and determine the frequency of and, where appropriate, the dates for reporting.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010, and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively.
The Joint Committee shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 1 January 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively.
In order to ensure uniform conditions of application of this Directive, the ESA, in accordance with Articles 56 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010, and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively may develop draft implementing technical standards with regard to:
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Article 7(2) in order to ensure uniform conditions of application of the procedures for including the items within the scope of the definition of ‘risk concentrations’ in the supervisory overview referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 7(2);
Article 8(2) in order to ensure uniform conditions of application of the procedures for including the items within the scope of the definition of ‘intra group transactions’ in the supervisory overview referred to in the third subparagraph of Article 8(2).
Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the implementing technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010, and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively.
The ESA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by five months before the date of application referred to in Article 309(1) of Directive 2009/138/EC.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively.
Article 21b
Common Guidelines
The ESA shall, through the Joint Committee, issue the common guidelines referred to in Article 3(8), Article 7(5), Article 8(5), Article 9(6), the third subparagraph of Article 11(1), Article 12b and Article 21(4) in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 56 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 respectively.
Article 21c
Exercise of the delegation
CHAPTER IV
AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING DIRECTIVES
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Article 23
Amendments to Directive 79/267/EEC
Directive 79/267/EC is amended as follows:
the following Article shall be inserted:
‘Article 12a
The competent authorities of the other Member State involved shall be consulted prior to the granting of an authorisation to a life assurance undertaking, which is:
a subsidiary of an insurance undertaking authorised in another Member State; or
a subsidiary of the parent undertaking of an insurance undertaking authorised in another Member State; or
controlled by the same person, whether natural or legal, who controls an insurance undertaking authorised in another Member State.
The competent authority of a Member State involved, responsible for the supervision of credit institutions or investment firms, shall be consulted prior to the granting of an authorisation to a life assurance undertaking, which is:
a subsidiary of a credit institution or investment firm authorised in the Community; or
a subsidiary of the parent undertaking of a credit institution or investment firm authorised in the Community; or
controlled by the same person, whether natural or legal, who controls a credit institution or investment firm authorised in the Community.
the following subparagraphs shall be added to Article 18(2):
‘The available solvency margin shall also be reduced by the following items:
participations which the assurance undertaking holds, in
each of the following items which the assurance undertaking holds in respect of the entities defined in (a) in which it holds a participation:
Where shares in another credit institution, investment firm, financial institution, insurance or reinsurance undertaking or insurance holding company are held temporarily for the purposes of a financial assistance operation designed to reorganise and save that entity, the competent authority may waive the provisions on deduction referred to under (a) and (b) of the third subparagraph.
As an alternative to the deduction of the items referred to in (a) and (b) of the third subparagraph which the insurance undertaking holds in credit institutions, investment firms and financial institutions, Member States may allow their insurance undertakings to apply mutatis mutandis methods 1, 2, or 3 of Annex I to Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate ( *6 ). Method 1 (Accounting consolidation) shall only be applied if the competent authority is confident about the level of integrated management and internal control regarding the entities which would be included in the scope of consolidation. The method chosen shall be applied in a consistent manner over time.
Member States may provide that, for the calculation of the solvency margin as provided for by this Directive, insurance undertakings subject to supplementary supervision in accordance with Directive 98/78/EC or to supplementary supervision in accordance with Directive 2002/87/EC, need not deduct the items referred to in (a) and (b) of the third subparagraph which are held in credit institutions, investment firms, financial institutions, insurance or reinsurance undertakings or insurance holding companies which are included in the supplementary supervision.
For the purposes of the deduction of participations referred to in this paragraph, participation shall mean a participation within the meaning of Article 1(f) of Directive 98/78/EC.
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Article 25
Amendments to Directive 92/96/EEC
Directive 92/96/EEC is amended as follows:
the following paragraph shall be inserted in Article 14:
Article 15(5c) shall be replaced by the following:
This Article shall not prevent a competent authority from transmitting
information intended for the performance of their task, nor shall it prevent such authorities or bodies from communicating to the competent authorities such information as they may need for the purposes of paragraph 4. Information received in this context shall be subject to the conditions of professional secrecy imposed in this Article.’
Article 26
Amendments to Directive 93/6/EEC
In Article 7(3) of Directive 93/6/EEC the first and the second indents shall be replaced by the following:
“financial holding company” shall mean a financial institution, the subsidiary undertakings of which are either exclusively or mainly investment firms or other financial institutions, at least one of which is an investment firm, and which is not a mixed financial holding company within the meaning of Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate ( *7 ),
“mixed-activity holding company” shall mean a parent undertaking, other than a financial holding company or an investment firm or a mixed financial holding company within the meaning of Directive 2002/87/EC, the subsidiaries of which include at least one investment firm.
Article 27
Amendments to Directive 93/22/EEC
Directive 93/22/EEC is amended as follows:
in Article 6 the following paragraphs shall be added:
‘The competent authority of a Member State involved, responsible for the supervision of credit institutions or insurance undertakings, shall be consulted prior to the granting of an authorisation to an investment firm which is:
a subsidiary of a credit institution or insurance undertaking authorised in the Community; or
a subsidiary of the parent undertaking of a credit institution or insurance undertaking authorised in the Community; or
controlled by the same person, whether natural or legal, who controls a credit institution or insurance undertaking authorised in the Community.
The relevant competent authorities referred to in the first and second paragraphs shall in particular consult each other when assessing the suitability of the shareholders and the reputation and experience of directors involved in the management of another entity of the same group. They shall inform each other of any information regarding the suitability of shareholders and the reputation and experience of directors which is of relevance to the other competent authorities involved for the granting of an authorisation as well as for the ongoing assessment of compliance with operating conditions.’
Article 9(2) shall be replaced by the following:
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Article 29
Amendments to Directive 2000/12/EC
Directive 2000/12/EC is amended as follows:
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Article 16(2) shall be replaced by the following:
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CHAPTER V
ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
Article 30
Asset management companies
Pending further coordination of sectoral rules, Member States shall provide for the inclusion of asset management companies:
within the scope of consolidated supervision of credit institutions and investment firms, or in the scope of supplementary supervision of insurance undertakings in an insurance group;
where the group is a financial conglomerate, in the scope of supplementary supervision within the meaning of this Directive; and
within the identification process in accordance with Article 3(2).
For the application of the first paragraph, Member States shall provide, or give their competent authorities the power to decide, according to which sectoral rules (banking sector, insurance sector or investment services sector) asset management companies shall be included in the consolidated and/or supplementary supervision referred to in (a) of the first paragraph. For the purposes of this provision, the relevant sectoral rules regarding the form and extent of the inclusion of financial institutions (where asset management companies are included in the scope of consolidated supervision of credit institutions and investment firms) and of reinsurance undertakings (where asset management companies are included in the scope of supplementary supervision of insurance undertakings) shall apply mutatis mutandis to asset management companies. For the purposes of supplementary supervision referred to in (b) of the first paragraph, the asset management company shall be treated as part of whichever sector it is included in by virtue of (a) of the first paragraph.
Where an asset management company is part of a financial conglomerate, any reference to the notion of regulated entity and any reference to the notion of competent authorities and relevant competent authorities shall therefore, for the purposes of this Directive, be understood as including, respectively, asset management companies and the competent authorities responsible for the supervision of asset management companies. This applies mutatis mutandis as regards groups referred to in (a) of the first paragraph.
Article 30a
Alternative investment fund managers
Pending further coordination of sectoral rules, Member States shall provide for the inclusion of alternative investment fund managers:
within the scope of consolidated supervision of credit institutions and investment firms, or within the scope of supplementary supervision of insurance undertakings in an insurance group;
where the group is a financial conglomerate, within the scope of supplementary supervision within the meaning of this Directive; and
within the identification process in accordance with Article 3(2).
Where an alternative investment fund manager is part of a financial conglomerate, references to regulated entities, and to competent and relevant competent authorities shall therefore, for the purposes of this Directive, be understood as including, respectively, alternative investment fund managers and the competent authorities responsible for the supervision of alternative investment fund managers. This applies mutatis mutandis as regards groups as referred to in point (a) of paragraph 1.
CHAPTER VI
TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 31
Report by the Commission
By 11 August 2007, the Commission shall submit to the Financial Conglomerates Committee referred to in Article 21 a report on Member States' practices, and, if necessary, on the need for further harmonisation, with regard to
The Commission shall consult the Committee before making its proposals.
Article 32
Transposition
Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive before 11 August 2004. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
Member States shall provide that the provisions referred to in the first subparagraph shall first apply to the supervision of accounts for the financial year beginning on 1 January 2005 or during that calendar year.
When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.
Article 33
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 34
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
ANNEX I
CAPITAL ADEQUACY
The calculation of the supplementary capital adequacy requirements of the regulated entities in a financial conglomerate referred to in Article 6(1) shall be carried out in accordance with the technical principles and one of the methods described in this Annex.
Without prejudice to the provisions of the next paragraph, Member States shall allow their competent authorities, where they assume the role of coordinator with regard to a particular financial conglomerate, to decide, after consultation with the other relevant competent authorities and the conglomerate itself, which method shall be applied by that financial conglomerate.
Member States may require that the calculation be carried out according to one particular method among those described in this Annex if a financial conglomerate is headed by a regulated entity which has been authorised in that Member State. Where a financial conglomerate is not headed by a regulated entity within the meaning of Article 1, Member States shall authorise the application of any of the methods described in this Annex, except in situations where the relevant competent authorities are located in the same Member State, in which case that Member State may require the application of one of the methods.
I. Technical principles
1. Extent and form of the supplementary capital adequacy requirements calculation
Whichever method is used, when the entity is a subsidiary undertaking and has a solvency deficit, or, in the case of a non-regulated financial sector entity, a notional solvency deficit, the total solvency deficit of the subsidiary has to be taken into account. Where in this case, in the opinion of the coordinator, the responsibility of the parent undertaking owning a share of the capital is limited strictly and unambiguously to that share of the capital, the coordinator may give permission for the solvency deficit of the subsidiary undertaking to be taken into account on a proportional basis.
Where there are no capital ties between entities in a financial conglomerate, the coordinator, after consultation with the other relevant competent authorities, shall determine which proportional share will have to be taken into account, bearing in mind the liability to which the existing relationship gives rise.
2. Other technical principles
Regardless of the method used for the calculation of the supplementary capital adequacy requirements of regulated entities in a financial conglomerate as laid down in Section II of this Annex, the coordinator, and where necessary other competent authorities concerned, shall ensure that the following principles will apply:
the multiple use of elements eligible for the calculation of own funds at the level of the financial conglomerate (multiple gearing) as well as any inappropriate intra-group creation of own funds must be eliminated; in order to ensure the elimination of multiple gearing and the intra-group creation of own funds, competent authorities shall apply by analogy the relevant principles laid down in the relevant sectoral rules;
pending further harmonisation of sectoral rules, the solvency requirements for each different financial sector represented in a financial conglomerate shall be covered by own funds elements in accordance with the corresponding sectoral rules; when there is a deficit of own funds at the financial conglomerate level, only own funds elements which are eligible according to each of the sectoral rules (cross-sector capital) shall qualify for verification of compliance with the additional solvency requirements;
where sectoral rules provide for limits on the eligibility of certain own funds instruments, which would qualify as cross-sector capital, these limits would apply mutatis mutandis when calculating own funds at the level of the financial conglomerate;
when calculating own funds at the level of the financial conglomerate, competent authorities shall also take into account the effectiveness of the transferability and availability of the own funds across the different legal entities in the group, given the objectives of the capital adequacy rules;
where, in the case of a non-regulated financial sector entity, a notional solvency requirement is calculated in accordance with section II of this Annex, notional solvency requirement means the capital requirement with which such an entity would have to comply under the relevant sectoral rules as if it were a regulated entity of that particular financial sector; in the case of asset management companies, solvency requirement means the capital requirement set out in Article 5a(1)(a) of Directive 85/611/EEC; the notional solvency requirement of a mixed financial holding company shall be calculated according to the sectoral rules of the most important financial sector in the financial conglomerate.
II. Technical calculation methods
Method 1: ‘Accounting consolidation’ method
The calculation of the supplementary capital adequacy requirements of the regulated entities in a financial conglomerate shall be carried out on the basis of the consolidated accounts.
The supplementary capital adequacy requirements shall be calculated as the difference between:
the own funds of the financial conglomerate calculated on the basis of the consolidated position of the group; the elements eligible are those that qualify in accordance with the relevant sectoral rules;
and
the sum of the solvency requirements for each different financial sector represented in the group; the solvency requirements for each different financial sector are calculated in accordance with the corresponding sectoral rules.
The sectoral rules referred to are in particular Directives 2000/12/EC, Title V, Chapter 3, as regards credit institutions, 98/78/EC as regards insurance undertakings, and 93/6/EEC as regards credit institutions and investment firms.
In the case of non-regulated financial sector entities which are not included in the aforementioned sectoral solvency requirement calculations, a notional solvency requirement shall be calculated.
The difference shall not be negative.
Method 2: ‘Deduction and aggregation’ method
The calculation of the supplementary capital adequacy requirements of the regulated entities in a financial conglomerate shall be carried out on the basis of the accounts of each of the entities in the group.
The supplementary capital adequacy requirements shall be calculated as the difference between:
the sum of the own funds of each regulated and non-regulated financial sector entity in the financial conglomerate; the elements eligible are those which qualify in accordance with the relevant sectoral rules;
and
the sum of
In the case of non-regulated financial sector entities, a notional solvency requirement shall be calculated. Own funds and solvency requirements shall be taken into account for their proportional share as provided for in Article 6(4) and in accordance with Section I of this Annex.
The difference shall not be negative.
Method 3: ‘Combination method’
Competent authorities may allow a combination of method 1 and method 2.
ANNEX II
TECHNICAL APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS ON INTRA-GROUP TRANSACTIONS AND RISK CONCENTRATION
The coordinator, after consultation with the other relevant competent authorities, shall identify the type of transactions and risks regulated entities in a particular financial conglomerate shall report in accordance with the provisions of Article 7(2) and Article 8(2) on the reporting of intra-group transactions and risk concentration. When defining or giving their opinion about the type of transactions and risks, the coordinator and the relevant competent authorities shall take into account the specific group and risk management structure of the financial conglomerate. In order to identify significant intra-group transactions and significant risk concentration to be reported in accordance with the provisions of Articles 7 and 8, the coordinator, after consultation with the other relevant competent authorities and the conglomerate itself, shall define appropriate thresholds based on regulatory own funds and/or technical provisions.
When overviewing the intra-group transactions and risk concentrations, the coordinator shall in particular monitor the possible risk of contagion in the financial conglomerate, the risk of a conflict of interests, the risk of circumvention of sectoral rules, and the level or volume of risks.
Member States may allow their competent authorities to apply at the level of the financial conglomerate the provisions of the sectoral rules on intra-group transactions and risk concentration, in particular to avoid circumvention of the sectoral rules.
( 1 ) Directive 2002/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 November 2002 concerning life insurance (OJ L 345, 19.12.2002, p. 1).
( 2 ) Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments (OJ L 145, 30.4.2004, p. 1).
( 3 ) Directive 2005/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2005 on reinsurance (OJ L 323, 9.12.2005, p. 1).
( 4 ) Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions (OJ L 177, 30.6.2006, p. 1).
( 5 ) Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) (OJ L 302, 17.11.2009, p. 32).
( 6 ) Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) (OJ L 335, 17.12.2009, p. 1).
( 7 ) Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (OJ L 174, 1.7.2011, p. 1).
( 8 ) OJ L 177, 30.6.2006, p. 201.
( 9 ) Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1).
( 10 ) Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on the prudential requirements of investment firms and amending Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010, (EU) No 575/2013, (EU) No 600/2014 and (EU) No 806/2014 (OJ L 314, 5.12.2019, p. 1).
( 11 ) Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms, amending Directive 2002/87/EC and repealing Directives 2006/48/EC and 2006/49/EC (OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 338).
( 12 ) Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Directive 2002/92/EC and Directive 2011/61/EU (OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 349).
( 13 ) Directive (EU) 2019/2034 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on the prudential supervision of investment firms and amending Directives 2002/87/EC, 2009/65/EC, 2011/61/EU, 2013/36/EU, 2014/59/EU and 2014/65/EU (OJ L 314, 5.12.2019, p. 64).
( 14 ) OJ L 193, 18.7.1983, p. 1.
( 15 ) OJ L 222, 14.8.1978, p. 11.
( 16 ) OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 12.
( 17 ) OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 48.
( 18 ) OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 84.
( 19 ) OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 1.
( 20 ) OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 1.
( *1 ) OJ L 228, 16.8.1973, p. 3. Directive as last amended by Directive 2002/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 77, 20.3.2002, p. 17).
( *2 ) OJ L 330, 5.12.1998, p. 1.
( *3 ) OJ L 126, 26.5.2000, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2000/28/EC (OJ L 275, 27.10.2000, p. 37).
( *4 ) OJ L 141, 11.6.1993, p. 27. Directive as last amended by Directive 2000/64/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 290, 17.11.2000, p. 27).
( *5 ) OJ L 141, 11.6.1993, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 98/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 204, 21.7.1998, p. 29).
( *6 ) OJ L 35, 11.2.2003.’
( *7 ) OJ L 35, 11.2.2003.’