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Document 01996L0053-20190814
Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorized dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum authorized weights in international traffic
Consolidated text: Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorized dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum authorized weights in international traffic
Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorized dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum authorized weights in international traffic
01996L0053 — EN — 14.08.2019 — 004.002
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COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 (OJ L 235 17.9.1996, p. 59) |
Amended by:
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Official Journal |
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No |
page |
date |
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DIRECTIVE 2002/7/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 18 February 2002 |
L 67 |
47 |
9.3.2002 |
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DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/719 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 29 April 2015 |
L 115 |
1 |
6.5.2015 |
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DECISION (EU) 2019/984 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 5 June 2019 |
L 164 |
30 |
20.6.2019 |
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REGULATION (EU) 2019/1242 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2019 |
L 198 |
202 |
25.7.2019 |
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Corrected by:
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/53/EC
of 25 July 1996
laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorized dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum authorized weights in international traffic
Article 1
This Directive applies to:
the dimensions of motor vehicles in categories M2 and M3 and their trailers in category O and motor vehicles in categories N2 and N3 and their trailers in categories O3 and O4, as defined in Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 );
the weights and certain other characteristics of the vehicles defined in (a) and specified in Annex I (2) to this Directive.
Article 2
For the purposes of this Directive:
electricity consumed in all types of electric vehicles;
hydrogen;
natural gas, including biomethane, in gaseous form (Compressed Natural Gas — CNG) and liquefied form (Liquefied Natural Gas — LNG);
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG);
mechanical energy from on-board storage/on-board sources, including waste heat,
the combined transport operations defined in Article 1 of Council Directive 92/106/EEC ( 3 ) engaged in the transport of one or more containers or swap bodies, up to a total maximum length of 45 feet; or
transport operations engaged in the transport of one or more containers or swap bodies, up to a total maximum length of 45 feet, using waterborne transport, provided that the length of the initial or the final road leg does not exceed 150 km in the territory of the Union. The distance of 150 km referred to above may be exceeded in order to reach the nearest suitable transport terminal for the envisaged service in the case of:
vehicles complying with point 2.2.2(a) or (b) of Annex I; or
vehicles complying with point 2.2.2(c) or (d) of Annex I, in cases where such distances are permitted in the relevant Member State.
All maximum authorized dimensions specified in Annex I shall be measured in accordance with Annex I to ►M2 Directive 2007/46/EC ◄ , with no positive tolerances.
Article 3
A Member State may not reject or prohibit the use in its territory:
provided that such vehicles comply with the limit values specified in Annex I.
This provision shall apply notwithstanding the fact that:
the said vehicles are not in conformity with the requirements of that Member State with regard to certain weight and dimension characteristics not covered by Annex I;
the competent authority of the Member State in which the vehicles are registered or put into circulation has authorized limits not referred to in Article 4 (1) exceeding those laid down in Annex I.
Article 4
Member States shall not authorise the normal circulation within their territories:
of vehicles or vehicle combinations for the national transport of goods which are not in conformity with the characteristics set out in points 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 4.2 and 4.4 of Annex I;
of vehicles for national passenger transport, which are not in conformity with the characteristics set out in points 1.1, 1.2, 1.4a, 1.5 and 1.5a of Annex I.
Member States may nonetheless authorise the circulation within their territories:
of vehicles or vehicle combinations for the national transport of goods which are not in conformity with the characteristics set out in points 1.3, 2, 3, 4.1 and 4.3 of Annex I;
of vehicles for national passenger transport, which are not in conformity with the characteristics set out in points 1.3, 2, 3, 4.1 and 4.3 of Annex I.
Transport operations shall be considered not significantly to affect international competition in the transport sector if one of the conditions under (a) and (b) is fulfilled:
the transport operations are carried out in a Member State's territory by specialized vehicles or specialized vehicle combinations in circumstances in which they are not normally carried out by vehicles from other Member States, e.g. operations linked to logging and the forestry industry;
the Member State which permits transport operations to be carried out in its territory by vehicles or vehicle combinations with dimensions deviating from those laid down in Annex I also permits motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers which comply with the dimensions laid down in Annex I to be used in such combinations as to achieve at least the loading length authorized in that Member State, so that every operator may benefit from equal conditions of competition (modular concept).
▼M2 —————
▼M2 —————
Article 5
Articulated vehicles put into circulation before 1 January 1991 which do not comply with the specifications contained in points 1.6 and 4.4 of Annex I shall be deemed to comply with such specifications for the purposes of Article 3 if they do not exceed a total length of 15,50 m.
Article 6
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that Article 1 vehicles referred to in Article 1 and complying with this Directive carry one of the proofs referred to in (a), (b) and (c):
a combination of the following two plates:
a single plate established and attached in accordance with Directive 76/114/EEC and containing the information on the two plates referred to in (a);
a single document issued by the competent authorities of the Member State in which the vehicle is registered or put into circulation. Such document shall bear the same headings and information as the plates referred to in (a). It shall be kept in a place easily accessible to inspection and shall be adequately protected.
Vehicles carrying proof of compliance may be subject:
Article 7
This Directive shall not preclude the application of road traffic provisions in force in each Member State which permit the weight and/or dimensions of vehicles on certain roads or civil engineering structures to be limited, irrespective of the State of registration of such vehicles or the State where such vehicles were put into circulation.
This includes the possibility to impose local restrictions on maximum authorised dimensions and/or weights of vehicles that may be used in specified areas or on specified roads, where the infrastructure is not suitable for long and heavy vehicles, such as city centres, small villages or places of special natural interest.
▼M2 —————
Article 8b
By 27 May 2017, the Commission shall assess the need to adopt or amend any technical requirements for type-approval of aerodynamic devices laid down within that framework taking into account the need to ensure road safety and the safety of intermodal transport operations, and in particular:
the secure attachment of the devices in such a way as to reduce the risk of their becoming detached over time, including during an intermodal transport operation;
the safety of other road users, especially vulnerable road users, by ensuring, inter alia, the visibility of contour markings when aerodynamic devices are fitted, by adapting the indirect vision requirements and, in the event of a collision with the rear of a vehicle or a vehicle combination, by not compromising rear underrun protection.
To that end, the Commission shall submit, as appropriate, a legislative proposal to amend the relevant rules on type-approval within the framework of Directive 2007/46/EC.
The aerodynamic devices referred to in paragraph 1 shall fulfil the following operational conditions:
in circumstances where the safety of other road users or of the driver is at risk, they shall be folded, retracted or removed by the driver;
their use on urban and inter urban road infrastructures shall take into account the special characteristics of areas where the speed limit is less than or equal to 50 km/h and where vulnerable road users are more likely to be present; and
their use shall be compatible with intermodal transport operations and, in particular, when retracted/folded, they shall not exceed the maximum authorised length by more than 20 cm.
▼M2 —————
Article 9a
Before being placed on the market, the vehicles referred to in paragraph 1 shall be approved in accordance with the rules on type-approval within the framework of Directive 2007/46/EC. By 27 May 2017, the Commission shall assess the need to develop the technical requirements for type-approval of vehicles equipped with such cabs as laid down within that framework, taking into account the following:
the improved aerodynamic performance of vehicles or vehicle combinations;
vulnerable road users, and improvement of their visibility to drivers, in particular by reducing drivers' blind spots;
the reduction in damage or injury caused to other road users in the event of a collision;
the safety and comfort of drivers.
To that end, the Commission shall take the measures necessary, within the framework of Directive 2007/46/EC, to provide for the type-approval of vehicles or vehicle combinations referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article by 1 November 2019.
Article 10
The Directive listed in Annex IV, Part A, shall be repealed with effect from the date in Article 11, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States concerning the deadlines for transposition set out in Annex IV, Part B.
References to the repealed Directives shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table set out in Annex V.
▼M2 —————
Article 10b
The maximum authorised weights of alternatively fuelled or zero-emission vehicles shall be those set out in points 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.3.1, 2.3.2 and 2.4 of Annex I.
Alternatively fuelled or zero-emission vehicles shall also comply with the maximum authorised axle weight limits set out in point 3 of Annex I.
The additional weight required by alternatively fuelled or zero-emission vehicles shall be defined on the basis of the documentation provided by the manufacturer when the vehicle in question is approved. That additional weight shall be indicated in the official proof required in accordance with Article 6.
The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 10h to update, for the purposes of this Directive, the list of alternative fuels referred to in Article 2 that require additional weight. It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with experts, including Member States’ experts, before adopting those delegated acts.
Article 10c
The maximum lengths laid down in point 1.1 of Annex I, subject where applicable to Article 9a(1), and the maximum distance laid down in point 1.6 of Annex I, may be exceeded by 15 cm for vehicles or vehicle combinations engaged in the transport of 45-foot containers or 45-foot swap bodies, empty or loaded, provided that the road transport of the container or swap body in question is part of an intermodal transport operation.
Article 10d
A Member State shall not require on-board weighing equipment to be installed on vehicles or vehicle combinations which are registered in another Member State.
Without prejudice to Union and national law, where automatic systems are used to establish infringements of this Directive and to impose penalties, such automatic systems shall be certified. Where automatic systems are used only for identification purposes, they need not be certified.
In order to ensure interoperability, those detailed provisions shall enable the weight data to be communicated at any time from a moving vehicle to the competent authorities, as well as to its driver. That communication shall be done through the interface defined by the CEN DSRC standards EN 12253, EN 12795, EN 12834, EN 13372 and ISO 14906. In addition, such communication shall ensure that the competent authorities of the Member States can communicate and exchange information in the same way with vehicles and vehicle combinations registered in any Member State and using on-board weighing equipment.
In order to ensure compatibility with all vehicle types, on-board systems of motor vehicles shall have the capability to receive and process any data coming from any type of trailer or semi-trailer attached to the motor vehicle.
Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 10i(2).
Article 10e
Member States shall lay down rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this Directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. Those penalties shall be effective, non-discriminatory, proportionate and dissuasive. Member States shall notify those rules to the Commission.
Article 10f
For the transport of containers and swap bodies, Member States shall lay down rules that require:
the shipper to give to the haulier to whom it entrusts the transport of a container or swap body a statement indicating the weight of the container or swap body transported; and
the haulier to provide access to all relevant documentation provided by the shipper.
Article 10g
Every 2 years, and at the latest by 30 September of the year following the end of the 2-year period concerned, Member States shall send to the Commission the necessary information concerning:
the number of checks carried out in the previous 2 calendar years; and
the number of overloaded vehicles or vehicle combinations detected.
This information may be part of the information submitted under Article 17 of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 6 ).
The Commission shall analyse the information received pursuant to this Article, and shall include such analysis in the report to be forwarded to the European Parliament and to the Council pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.
Article 10h
Article 10i
Article 10j
By 8 May 2020, the Commission shall submit, as appropriate, a report to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation of the amendments to this Directive introduced by Directive (EU) 2015/719 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 9 ), including taking into consideration specific characteristics of certain market segments. On the basis of that report, the Commission shall, if appropriate, make a legislative proposal duly accompanied by an impact assessment. The report shall be made available at least 6 months prior to the submission of any legislative proposal.
Article 11
When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.
Article 12
This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities
Article 13
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
ANNEX I
MAXIMUM WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS AND RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES
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1. |
Maximum authorized dimensions for the vehicles referred to in Article 1 (1) (a) |
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1.1 |
maximum length: |
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— motor vehicle other than a bus 12,00 m |
12,00 m |
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— trailer |
12,00 m |
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— articulated vehicle |
16,50 m |
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— road train |
18,75 m |
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— articulated bus |
18,75 m |
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— bus with two axles |
13,50 m |
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— bus with more than two axles |
15,00 m |
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— bus + trailer |
18,75 m |
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1.2 |
Maximum width: |
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(a) all vehicles except the vehicles referred to in point (b) |
2,55 m |
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(b) superstructures of conditioned vehicles or conditioned containers or swap bodies transported by vehicles |
2,60 m |
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1.3 |
Maximum height (any vehicle) |
4,00 m |
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1.4 |
Removable superstructures and standardized freight items such as containers are included in the dimensions specified in points 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 and 4.4 |
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1.4a |
If any removable attachments such as ski-boxes are fitted to a bus, its length, including the attachments, must not exceed the maximum length laid down in point 1.1 |
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1.5 |
Any motor vehicle or vehicle combination which is in motion must be able to turn within a swept circle having an outer radius of 12,50 m and an inner radius of 5,30 m |
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1.5a |
Additional requirements for buses With the vehicle stationary, a vertical plane tangential to the side of the vehicle and facing outwards from the circle shall be established by marking a line on the ground. In the case of an articulated vehicle, the two rigid portions shall be aligned with the plane When the vehicle moves from a straight line approach into the circular area described in point 1.5, no part of it shall move outside of that vertical plane by more than 0,60 m |
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1.6 |
Maximum distance between the axis of the fifth-wheel king pin and the rear of a semi-trailer |
12,00 m |
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1.7 |
Maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train from the foremost external point of the loading area behind the cabin to the rearmost external point of the trailer of the combination, minus the distance between the rear of the drawing vehicle and the front of the trailer |
15,65 m |
|
1.8 |
Maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train from the foremost external point of the loading area behind the cabin to the rearmost external point of the trailer of the combination |
16,40 m |
|
2. |
Maximum authorized vehicle weight (in tonnes) |
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2.1 |
Vehicles forming part of a vehicle combination |
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2.1.1 |
Two-axle trailer |
18 tonnes |
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2.1.2 |
Three-axle trailer |
24 tonnes |
|
2.2 |
Vehicle combinations |
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2.2.1 |
Road trains with five or six axles ►M4 In the case of vehicle combinations including alternatively fuelled or zero-emission vehicles, the maximum authorised weights provided for in this section shall be increased by the additional weight of the alternative fuel or zero-emission technology with a maximum of 1 tonne and 2 tonnes respectively. ◄ |
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(a) two-axle motor vehicle with three-axle trailer |
40 tonnes |
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(b) three-axle motor vehicle with two or three-axle trailer |
40 tonnes |
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2.2.2 |
Articulated vehicles with five or six axles ►M4 In the case of vehicle combinations including alternatively fuelled or zero-emission vehicles, the maximum authorised weights provided for in this section shall be increased by the additional weight of the alternative fuel or zero-emission technology with a maximum of 1 tonne and 2 tonnes respectively. ◄ |
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(a) two-axle motor vehicle with three-axle semi-trailer |
40 tonnes |
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(b) three-axle motor vehicle with two or three-axle semi-trailer |
40 tonnes |
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(c) three-axle motor vehicle with two- or three-axle semi-trailer carrying, in intermodal transport operations, one or more containers or swap bodies, up to a total maximum length of 45 feet |
44 tonnes |
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(d) two-axle motor vehicle with three-axle semi-trailer carrying, in intermodal transport operations, one or more containers or swap bodies, up to a total maximum length of 45 feet |
42 tonnes |
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2.2.3 |
Road trains with four axles consisting of a two-axle motor vehicle and a two-axle trailer ►M4 In the case of vehicle combinations including alternatively fuelled or zero-emission vehicles, the maximum authorised weights provided for in this section shall be increased by the additional weight of the alternative fuel or zero-emission technology with a maximum of 1 tonne and 2 tonnes respectively. ◄ |
36 tonnes |
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2.2.4 |
Articulated vehicles with four axles consisting of a two-axle motor vehicle and a two-axle semi-trailer, if the distance between the axles of the semi-trailer: ►M4 In the case of vehicle combinations including alternatively fuelled or zero-emission vehicles, the maximum authorised weights provided for in this section shall be increased by the additional weight of the alternative fuel or zero-emission technology with a maximum of 1 tonne and 2 tonnes respectively. ◄ |
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2.2.4.1 |
is 1,3 m or greater but not more than 1,8 m |
36 tonnes |
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2.2.4.2 |
is greater than 1,8 m |
36 tonnes + 2 tonnes margin when the maximum authorized weight (MAW) of the motor vehicle (18 tonnes) and the MAW of the tandem axle of the semi-trailer (20 tonnes) are respected and the driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and air suspension or suspension recognized as being equivalent within the Community as defined in Annex II |
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2.3 |
Motor vehicles |
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2.3.1 |
Two-axle motor vehicles other than buses: 18 tonnes Two-axle alternatively fuelled motor vehicles other than buses: the maximum authorised weight of 18 tonnes is increased by the additional weight required for the alternative fuel technology with a maximum of 1 tonne ►M4 Zero-emission vehicles: the maximum authorised weight of 18 tonnes is increased by the additional weight of the zero-emission technology with a maximum of 2 tonnes. ◄ |
Two-axle buses: 19,5 tonnes |
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2.3.2 |
Three-axle motor vehicles |
25 tonnes, or 26 tonnes where the driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and air suspension or suspension recognised as being equivalent within the Union as defined in Annex II, or where each driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and the maximum weight of each axle does not exceed 9,5 tonnes. Three-axle alternatively fuelled motor vehicles: the maximum authorised weight of 25 tonnes, or 26 tonnes where the driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and air suspension or suspension recognised as being equivalent within the Union as defined in Annex II, or where each driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and the maximum weight of each axle does not exceed 9,5 tonnes, is increased by the additional weight required for the alternative fuel technology with a maximum of 1 tonne ►M4 Three-axle zero-emission vehicles: the maximum authorised weight of 25 tonnes, or 26 tonnes where the driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and air suspension or suspension recognised as being equivalent within the Union as defined in Annex II or where each driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and the maximum weight of each axle does not exceed 9,5 tonnes, is increased by the additional weight of the zero-emission technology with a maximum of 2 tonnes. ◄ |
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2.3.3 |
Four-axle motor vehicles with two steering axles |
—32 tonnes where the driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and air suspension or suspension recognized as being equivalent within the Community as defined in Annex II, or where each driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and the maximum weight of each axle does not exceed 9,5 tonnes |
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2.4 |
Three-axle articulated buses |
28 tonnes Three-axle articulated buses alternatively fuelled: the maximum authorised weight of 28 tonnes is increased by the additional weight required for the alternative fuel technology with a maximum of 1 tonne ►M4 Three-axle articulated buses that are zero-emission vehicles: the maximum authorised weight of 28 tonnes is increased by the additional weight of the zero-emission technology with a maximum of 2 tonnes. ◄ |
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3. |
Maximum authorized axle weight of the vehicles referred to in Article 1 (1) (b) (in tonnes) |
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3.1 |
Single axles Single non-driving axle |
10 tonnes |
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3.2 |
Tandem axles of trailers and semi-trailers The sum of the axle weights per tandem axle must not exceed, if the distance (d) between the axles is: |
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3.2.1 |
less than 1 m (d < 1,0) |
11 tonnes |
|
3.2.2 |
between 1,0 m and less than 1,3 m (1,0 ≤ d < 1,3) |
16 tonnes |
|
3.2.3 |
between 1,3 m and less than 1,8 m (1,3 ≤ d < 1,8) |
18 tonnes |
|
3.2.4 |
1,8 m or more (1,8 ≤ d) |
20 tonnes |
|
3.3 |
Tri-axles of trailers and semi-trailers The sum of the axle weights per tri-axle must not exceed, if the distance (d) between the axles is: |
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3.3.1 |
1,3 m or less (d ≤ 1,3) |
21 tonnes |
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3.3.2 |
over 1,3 m and up to 1,4 m (1,3 <d ≤ 1,4) |
24 tonnes |
|
3.4 |
Driving axle |
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3.4.1 |
Driving axle of the vehicles referred to in 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 |
11,5 tonnes |
|
3.4.2 |
Driving axle of the vehicles referred to in points 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.3 and 2.4 |
11,5 tonnes |
|
3.5 |
Tandem axles of motor vehicles The sum of the axle weights per tandem axle must not exceed, if the distance (d) between the axles is: |
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3.5.1 |
less than 1 m (d < 1,0) |
11,5 tonnes |
|
3.5.2 |
1,0 m or greater but less than 1,3 m (1,0 ≤ d < 1,3) |
16 tonnes |
|
3.5.3 |
1,3 m or greater but less than 1,8 m (1,3 ≤ d < 1,8) |
—18 tonnes —19 tonnes where the driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and air suspension or suspension recognized as being equivalent within the Community as defined in Annex II, or where each driving axle is fitted with twin tyres and where the maximum weight for each axle does not exceed 9,5 tonnes |
|
4. |
Related characteristics of the vehicles referred to in Article 1 (1) (b) |
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4.1 |
All vehicles The weight borne by the driving axle or driving axles of a vehicle or vehicle combination must not be less than 25 % of the total laden weight of the vehicle or vehicle combination, when used in international traffic |
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4.2 |
Road trains The distance between the rear axle of a motor vehicle and the front axle of a trailer must not be less than 3,00 m. |
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4.3 |
Maximum authorized weight depending on the wheelbase The maximum authorized weight in tonnes of a four-axle motor vehicle may not exceed five times the distance in metres between the axes of the foremost and rearmost axles of the vehicle |
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4.4 |
Semi-trailers The distance measured horizontally between the axis of the fifth-wheel king pin and any point at the front of the semi-trailer must not exceed 2,04 m |
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ANNEX II
CONDITIONS RELATING TO EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN CERTAIN NON-AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEMS AND AIR SUSPENSION FOR VEHICLE DRIVING AXLE(S)
1. DEFINITION OF AIR SUSPENSION
A suspension system is considered to be air suspended if at least 75 % of the spring effect is caused by the air spring.
2. EQUIVALENCE TO AIR SUSPENSION
A suspension recognized as being equivalent to air suspension must conform to the following:
|
2.1. |
during free transient low frequency vertical oscillation of the sprung mass above a driving axle or bogie, the measured frequency and damping with the suspension carrying its maximum load must fall within the limits defined in points 2.2 to 2.5; |
|
2.2. |
each axle must be fitted with hydraulic dampers. On tandem axle bogies, the dampers must be positioned to minimize the oscillation of the bogies; |
|
2.3. |
the mean damping ratio D must be more than 20 % of critical damping for the suspension in its normal conditions with hydraulic dampers in place and operating; |
|
2.4. |
the damping ratio D of the suspension with all hydraulic dampers removed or incapacitated must be not more than 50 % of D; |
|
2.5. |
the frequency of the sprung mass above the driving axle or bogie in a free transient vertical oscillation must not be higher than 2,0 Hz; |
|
2.6. |
the frequency and damping of the suspension are given in paragraph 3. The test procedures for measuring the frequency and damping are laid down in paragraph 4. |
|
3. |
DEFINITION OF FREQUENCY AND DAMPINGIn this definition a sprung mass M (kg) above a driving axle or bogie is considered. The axle or bogie has a total vertical stiffness between the road surface and the sprung mass of K Newtons/metre (N/m) and a total damping coefficient of C Newtons per metre per second (N.s/m). The vertical displacement of the sprung mass is Z. The equation of motion for free oscillation of the sprung mass is:
The damping is critical when C = Co, where
During free transient oscillation of the sprung mass the vertical motion of the mass will follow a damped sinusoidal path (Figure 2). The frequency can be estimated by measuring the time for as many cycles of oscillation as can be observed. The damping can be estimated by measuring theheights of successive peaks of the oscillation in the same direction. If the peak amplitudes of the first and second cycles of the oscillation are A1 and A2, then the damping ratio D is;
‘ln’ being the natural logarithm of the amplitude ratio. |
|
4. |
TEST PROCEDURE To establish by test the damping ratio D, the damping ratio with hydraulic dampers removed, and the frequency F of the suspension, the loaded vehicle should either:
(a)
be driven at low speed (5 km/hr + 1 km/hr) over an 80 mm step with the profile shown in Figure 1. The transient oscillation to be analyzed for frequency and damping occurs after the wheels on the driving axle have left the step; or
(b)
be pulled down by its chassis so that the driving axle load is 1,5 times its maximum static value. The vehicle held down is suddenly released and the subsequent oscillation analyzed; or
(c)
be pulled up by its chassis so that the sprung mass is lifted by 80 mm above the driving axle. The vehicle held up is suddenly dropped and the subsequent oscillation analyzed; or
(d)
be subjected to other procedures insofar as it has been proved by the manufacturer, to the satisfaction of the technical department, that they are equivalent. The vehicle should be instrumented with a vertical displacement transducer between driving axle and chassis, directly above the driving axle. From the trace, the time interval between the first and second compression peaks can be measured to obtain the frequency F and the amplitude ratio to obtain the damping. For twin-drive bogies, vertical displacement transducers should be fitted between each driving axle and the chassis directly above it.
|
Figure 1 
Figure 2
ANNEX III
PLATE RELATING TO DIMENSIONS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 6 (1) (a)
|
I. |
The plate relating to dimensions, as far as possible affixed next to the plate referred to in Directive 76/114/EEC, must contain the following data:
1.
name of the manufacturer ( 10 );
2.
vehicle identification number ( 11 );
3.
length of the motor vehicle, trailer or semi-trailer (L);
4.
width of the motor vehicle, trailer or semi-trailer (W);
5.
data for the measurement of the length of vehicle combinations:
—
the distance (a) between the front of the motor vehicle and the centre of the coupling device (coupling hook or fifth wheel); in the case of a fifth wheel with several coupling points, the minimum and maximum values must be given (amin and amax),
—
the distance (b) between the centre of the coupling device of the trailer (fifth wheel ring) or of the semi-trailer (kingpin) and the rear of the trailer or of the semi-trailer; in the case of a device with several coupling points, the minimum and maximum values must be given (bmin and bmax).
The length of vehicle combinations is the length of the motor vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer placed in a straight line behind each other. |
|
II. |
The values given on the proof of compliance shall reproduce exactly the measurements carried out directly on the vehicle. |
ANNEX IV
PART A
REPEALED DIRECTIVES
(referred to in Article 10)
PART B
|
Directive |
Deadline for transposition |
|
85/3/EEC (OJ No L 2, 3.1.1985, p. 14) |
1 July 1986 |
|
1 January 1990 |
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86/360/EEC (OJ No L 217, 5.8.1986, p. 19) |
1 January 1992 |
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86/364/EEC (OJ No L 221, 7.8.1986, p. 48) |
29 July 1987 |
|
88/218/EEC (OJ No L 98, 15.4.1988, p. 48) |
1 January 1989 |
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89/338/EEC (OJ No L 142, 25.5.1989, p. 3) |
1 July 1991 |
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89/460/EEC (OJ No L 226, 3.8.1989, p. 5) |
1 January 1993 |
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89/461/EEC (OJ No L 226, 3.8.1989, p. 7) |
1 January 1991 |
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91/60/EEC (OJ No L 37, 9.2.1991, p. 37) |
30 September 1991 |
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92/7/EEC (OJ No L 57, 2.3.1992, p. 29) |
31 December 1992 |
ANNEX V
CORRELATION TABLE
|
This Directive |
85/3/EEC |
86/360/EEC |
86/364/EEC |
88/218/EEC |
89/338/EEC |
89/460/EEC |
89/461/EEC |
91/60/EEC |
92/7/EEC |
|
Article 1 (1) |
Article 1 (1) |
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Article 1 (1) (a) |
— |
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Article 1 (1) (b) |
Article 1 (1) (b) |
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Article 1 (2) |
Article 1 (2) |
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Article 2 1st to 4th and 6th to 10th indents |
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Article 1 (2) |
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Article 2 5th, 11th and 12th indents |
— |
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Article 2 last paragraph |
— |
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Article 3 (1) |
— |
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Article 3 (1) (a) (b) |
Article 3 (1) (a) (b) |
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Article 3 (2) |
Article 3 (2) |
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Article 3 (3) |
— |
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Article 4 |
— |
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Article 5 (a) |
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Article 1 (1) |
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Article 5 (b) |
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Article 1 (1) |
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Article 6 (1 to 4) |
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Article 1 (1 to 4) |
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Article 6 (5 to 6) |
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Article 2 (1 to 2) |
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Article 7 |
Article 6 |
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Article 8 |
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Article 1 |
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Articles 9 to 12 |
— |
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Article 13 |
Article 9 |
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Annex I |
Annex I |
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Point 1 |
Point 1 |
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Point 1.1 1st to 3rd and 5th indent |
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Article 1 (2) |
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Point 1.1 4th indent |
— |
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Point 1.2 (a) |
— |
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Point 1.2 (b) |
— |
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Point 1.3 to 1.5 |
Point 1.3 to 1.5 |
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Point 1.6 |
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Article 1 (3) |
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Point 1.7 |
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Article 1 (3) |
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Point 1.8 |
— |
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Point 2 to 2.2.1 (b) |
Point 2 to 2.2.1 (b) |
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Point 2.2.2 (a to c) |
Point 2.2.2 (a to c) |
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Point 2.2.3 Point 2.2.4.1 |
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Article 1 (5) (b) |
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Point 2.2.4.2 |
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Article 1 (1) (a) |
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Point 2.3 to 2.3.1 |
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Article 1 (5) (c) |
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Point 2.3.2 to 2.3.3 |
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Article 1 (1) (b to c) |
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Point 2.4 |
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Article 1 (5) (c) |
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Point 3 to 3.3.2 |
Point 3 to 3.3.2 |
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Point 3.4 to 3.4.1 |
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Article 1 (3) |
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Point 3.4.2 to 3.5.2 |
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Article 1 (5) (d) |
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Point 3.5.3 |
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Article 1 (1) (d) |
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Point 4 to 4.2 |
Point 4 to 4.2 |
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Point 4.3 |
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Article 1 (5) (e) |
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Point 4.4 |
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Article 1 (4) |
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Annex II |
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Annex III |
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Annex III |
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Annex |
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|
( 1 ) Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) (OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1).
( 2 ) Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles and amending Regulations (EC) No 595/2009 and (EU) 2018/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 96/53/EC (OJ L 198, 25.7.2019, p. 202).
( 3 ) Council Directive 92/106/EEC of 7 December 1992 on the establishment of common rules for certain types of combined transport of goods between Member States (OJ L 368, 17.12.1992, p. 38).
( 4 ) OJ No L 24, 30.1.1976, p. 1. Directive as amended by Commission Directive 78/507/EEC (OJ No L 155, 13.6.1978, p. 31).
( 5 )
(1)* Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing common rules concerning the conditions to be complied with to pursue the occupation of road transport operator and repealing Council Directive 96/26/EC (OJ L 300, 14.11.2009, p. 51).
( 6 )
(2)* Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport and amending Council Regulations (EEC) No 3821/85 and (EC) No 2135/98 and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3820/85 (OJ L 102, 11.4.2006, p. 1).
( 7 )
(3)* Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 February 2014 on tachographs in road transport, repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 on recording equipment in road transport and amending Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport (OJ L 60, 28.2.2014, p. 1).
( 8 )
(4)* Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission's exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13).
( 9 )
(5)* Directive (EU) 2015/719 of the European Parliament and of The Council of 29 April 2015 amending Council Directive 96/53/EC laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the Community the maximum authorised dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum authorised weights in international traffic (OJ L 115, 6.5.2015, p. 1).
( 10 ) This information need not be repeated where the vehicle carries a single plate containing data on both weights and dimensions.
( 11 ) This information need not be repeated where the vehicle carries a single plate containing data on both weights and dimensions.