Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal da Relação de Lisboa (Portugal) lodged on 21 July 2025 – AM, KA v Caixa Geral de Depósitos, S.A.

(Case C-505/25, Caixa Geral de Depósitos)

(C/2025/6119)

Language of the case: Portuguese

Referring court

Tribunal da Relação de Lisboa

Parties to the main proceedings

Applicants: AM, KA

Defendant: Caixa Geral de Depósitos, S.A.

Question referred

Within the meaning and for the purposes of Article 4 of Directive 2014/17/EU, (1) must the concept of ‘consumer’ be interpreted as meaning that two natural persons, a doctor and a secondary school teacher by profession with no prior experience or training in relation to property investment, who conclude loan agreements with a bank for the purpose of purchasing, in full or in part, a farm to run it for rural tourism and as a farming project, do so for purposes which are outside their trade, business or profession, and, therefore, are not consumers?

Or

must they be regarded as ‘consumers’ within the meaning and for the purposes of Article 4 of Directive 2014/17/EU, given that they engaged in a professional or commercial activity which appeared to be highly profitable?

(1)  Directive 2014/17/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 February 2014 on credit agreements for consumers relating to residential immovable property and amending Directives 2008/48/EC and 2013/36/EU and Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 (OJ 2014 L 60, p. 34).