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Summaries of EU Legislation

Vehicle emissions and battery durability (Euro 7): technical requirements and certification rules

SUMMARY OF:

Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 on type approval of motor vehicles and engines and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, with respect to their emissions and battery durability (Euro 7)

WHAT IS THE AIM OF THE REGULATION?

  • The aim of regulation (EU) 2024/1257 is to further lower air pollutant emissions from exhaust fumes and brakes by setting tighter European Union (EU)-wide rules on emission limits, fuel and electric energy consumption and battery durability for road vehicles.
  • It amends Regulation (EU) 2018/858 on EU approval and market surveillance measures for motor vehicles and their trailers (see summary).
  • It repeals:

KEY POINTS

  • As part of the European Green Deal and in accordance with the EU’s commitment to the Paris Agreement on climate action, the regulation sets out new EU rules, known as Euro 7, further tightening rules on polluant emissions from road vehicles and expanding their scope, for example including non-exhaust emissions from brakes and tyre abrasion.
  • It works alongside Regulation (EU) 2019/631 (see summary), which requires the elimination of tailpipe CO2 emissions of new cars (M1, N1) by 2035.

Scope

The regulation applies to:

  • light-duty vehicles (cars and vans of categories M1 and N1); and
  • heavy-duty vehicles (lorries, buses and coaches of categories M2, M3, N2, N3 and trailers of categories O3 and O4).

Emissions limits and testing

The regulation includes a number of measures covering emissions limits and testing.

  • It sets Euro 7 exhaustemission limits for the following vehicle categories:
    • for vehicle categories M1 and N1 the Euro 6 limits are maintained, with the particle number limit now including particles above 10 nm;
    • for vehicle categories M2, M3, N2 and N3 more stringent pollutant limits are introduced, including for some pollutants that have not been regulated until now, such as nitrous oxide.
  • It requires real driving emissions (RDE) testing for all motor vehicle categories, along with engine laboratory testing in the case of heavy-duty vehicles.
  • It introduces testing procedures to measure fuel and electric energy consumption for all motor vehicle categories.
  • It introduces limits for non-exhaust emissions such as brake particle emissions and tyre abrasion for all motor vehicle categories.

Battery durability requirements

The regulation:

  • establishes minimum performance requirements for traction battery durability in electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles;
  • sets thresholds for battery state of health during a vehicle’s lifetime.

Manufacturers’ obligations

The regulation:

  • requires manufacturers to design vehicles to comply with emission limits over a vehicle’s lifetime;
  • mandates the installation of on-board monitoring and on-board fuel/energy consumption monitoring systems;
  • prohibits tampering and manipulation devices1/strategies; and
  • requires environmental data reporting and an environmental vehicle passport.

Type approval2 and market surveillance

The regulation:

  • sets deadlines for the type approval and registration of compliant vehicles;
  • empowers authorities to conduct conformity of production and in-service conformity checks and market surveillance activities;
  • allows small-volume manufacturers some flexibility in testing.

Reporting and review

The regulation requires periodic reporting and a review of its implementation and effectiveness.

Alignment with United Nations (UN) rules

The regulation:

  • aims to align technical requirements with United Nations vehicle regulations where applicable; and
  • allows for the adoption of United Nations regulation limits/requirements in EU law.

FROM WHEN DOES THE REGULATION APPLY?

  • The regulation applies from for new types of vehicles of categories M1 and N1 and components, systems and separate technical units intended for vehicles of categories M1 or N1 type approved under this regulation.
  • It applies from for new vehicles of categories M1 and N1 and components, systems and separate technical units for those vehicles.
  • It applies from for new types of vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4 and components, systems and separate technical units intended for vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4 type approved under this regulation.
  • It applies from for new vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4 and components, systems and separate technical units for those vehicles.

BACKGROUND

For further information, see:

KEY TERMS

  1. Manipulation device. Any element of design that results in a vehicle not complying with the requirements of this regulation when driven but not under a regulatory test, despite it resulting in the vehicle appearing to be compliant when tested, or that manipulates data related to sensors, fuel or electric energy consumption, electric range or battery durability.
  2. Type approval. The procedure whereby an approval authority certifies that a type of vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit meets the relevant administrative rules and technical requirements.

MAIN DOCUMENT

Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 of the European Parliament and of the Council of on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, with respect to their emissions and battery durability (Euro 7), amending Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (OJ L, 2024/1257, ).

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