21.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 68/1

(1)

On 10 March 2009, the Council examined the updated stability programme of Finland, which covers the period 2008 to 2012.

(2)

Whereas the fundamentals of the Finnish economy and the domestic financial sector are sound, the global crisis has cut deeply into output of the country's highly export-oriented industries. While households will benefit in 2009 and 2010 from strong wage increases, tax cuts and lower inflation, consumer and business confidence has nevertheless tumbled, holding back private consumption and investment. The Commission services' January 2009 interim forecast projects GDP to contract by over 1 % in 2009 and gradually recover over 2010 in step with the expected stabilisation of global markets. In spite of the economy rapidly entering a recession, tax revenues have remained rather firm in 2008 as a whole, reflecting the resilience of the labour market, especially in the first half of the year, and solid personal income growth. The general government surplus is expected to reach 4,5 % of GDP in 2008. Given that the economic slump in 2009 is led by a collapse of external demand and confidence, while the fundamentals of the Finnish economy are expected to remain robust overall, the programme plans for a significant fiscal stimulus in 2009, geared towards supporting domestic demand with the aim of upholding employment over the recession.

(3)

The macro-economic scenario underlying the programme envisages that real GDP growth will slow from 2,6 % in 2008 to 0,6 % in 2009 before recovering to slightly above 2 % over the rest of the programme period. In view of the rapid deterioration of the macro-economic outlook in past months, (2) this scenario, which was finalised in November 2008 (3) appears now to be based on markedly favourable growth assumptions, most notably for 2009. According to the latest Government estimates, included in the stimulus package and associated supplementary budget proposal from 30 January 2009, GDP is projected to contract by over 2 % in 2009. The programme's projections for inflation developments are realistic overall.

(4)

For 2008, the general government surplus is estimated at 4,5 % of GDP in the Commission services forecast, against a target of 3,7 % of GDP set in the previous update of the stability programme. The better-than-planned outcome is largely explained by a carry-over from the previous year when economic growth and tax revenue exceeded expectations. Also, a change in the recording of property income from social security's assets contributed to revise upwards the surplus by almost 0,4 % of GDP.

(5)

The programme projects the general government surplus in 2009 to drop by 2,3 percentage points to 2,1 % of GDP, broadly in line with the projection of the Commission services' interim forecast (2,0 % of GDP). Measured by the year-on-year decline in the structural balance, as recalculated by the Commission services on the basis of the information in the programme, the fiscal stance is estimated to be expansionary to the tune of around 1 % of GDP. The impact of the automatic stabilisers is estimated to reduce the fiscal surplus by an additional 1,5 % of GDP in 2009. The estimate of the fiscal stance broadly matches the size of the government stimulus package announced in the programme, totalling 1,2 % of GDP in 2009. Over three quarters of this is spent on tax cuts supporting consumers' purchasing power. These tax cuts also serve the government's long-term objective of reducing the presently relatively high tax burden on labour and increasing employment incentives. The size of the rest of the stimulus measures included in the programme update are relatively limited, amounting to about 0,3 % of GDP, spent on various infrastructure investments and securing financing for enterprises. On 30 January 2009, the government announced an additional stimulus package which includes a broad range of measures stimulating infrastructure and housing investment with a particular objective of upholding employment, increasing funding for education and research, and lowering labour costs by decreasing employers' social insurance contribution. The budgetary cost of the additional measures is estimated at 0,5 % of GDP in 2009, which is obviously not reflected in the programme target (4).

(6)

As in the previous programme, Finland's medium-term objective (MTO) for the budgetary position is defined as a general government surplus of 2 % of GDP in structural terms, i.e. in cyclically-adjusted terms net of one-off and other temporary measures. The programme expects the headline, primary and structural surpluses to decline steeply in 2009 and 2010, but to stabilise thereafter. The estimate for the structural surplus, calculated according to the commonly agreed methodology, is projected by the programme to remain unchanged at 1,5 % of GDP in the outer years of the programme, which is slightly below the MTO. The reduction in the headline balance over 2008-2012 is driven by a combination of a decline in the revenue ratio by about 2 % of GDP, largely reflecting the planned tax cuts, and a rise in the expenditure ratio by 1,5 % of GDP. The programme update does not include measures for fiscal retrenchment in the years after the downturn.

(7)

The budgetary outcomes projected in the programme are subject to downside risks since the macro-economic scenario is based on markedly favourable growth assumptions. However, the negative risks to the budgetary projections are somewhat mitigated as some of the main tax bases (namely private consumption and household income) are expected to show greater resilience in an economic contraction led by a slump in external demand.

(8)

While the long-term budgetary impact of ageing is higher than the average in the EU, enacted pension reforms have helped to contain the projected increase in pension expenditure over the coming decades. The budgetary position in 2008 as estimated in the programme, with a large structural surplus, contributes significantly to offsetting the long-term budgetary impact of ageing and the large assets accumulated by the public pension schemes will help finance part of the increase in pension expenditure. However, from the budgetary developments planned in the programme, a sustainability gap would arise. Maintaining high primary surpluses over the medium term and implementing appropriate structural reforms would contribute to limiting risks to the sustainability of public finances, which are currently at a low level.

(9)

Over the past years, the existing budgetary framework for the central government has proven to be a reliable tool in avoiding expenditure overruns. Finland has over the past years also pursued various structural reforms to improve the quality of public finances and reduce the long-term expenditure pressures.

(10)

In response to the financial crisis, the Finnish government has adopted measures to stabilise the financial markets. These measures give commercial banks access to significant credit guarantees (maximum amount of about 25 % of GDP) and capital investment by the State (maximum amount of about 3 % of GDP). Also, the ceiling of the depositors' guarantee was doubled to EUR 50 000. However, given that the Finnish financial sector appears to be relatively less affected by the global crisis, the actual utilisation of State funds could turn out to be limited.

(11)

In line with the EERP agreed in December by the European Council, Finland has adopted several fiscal stimulus measures for 2009, which are considered to be a broadly adequate response to the economic downturn. In view of the strong budgetary starting position and solid fundamentals of the economy, the stimulus measures included in the programme and the latest measures announced in January 2009 appear appropriate, provided that action will also be taken for fiscal retrenchment in the medium term to ensure long-term sustainability. The stimulus package broadly complies with the general principles of the European Economic Recovery Plan. The measures come timely, taking largely effect from the beginning of 2009, and they appear to be targeted to address the internal economic challenges. Contrasting with the general principles, the bulk of the fiscal stimulus involves permanent tax cuts and is not planned to be reversed. This can be considered partly justified, given the sizeable leeway afforded by public finances and the long-term tax policy goals of the Government. The measures addressing the current economic crisis are focused on sustaining aggregate demand and employment, as well as strengthening competitiveness. The measures are related to the medium-term reform agenda for Finland as reviewed by the Commission on 28 January 2009. In particular, the measures stimulating investment also target improving energy efficiency, and the tax cuts stimulate both labour demand and supply.

(12)

The fiscal stance in 2009 and 2010 appears expansionary as measured by the approximately 1 percentage point annual decline in the structural balance in both 2009 and 2010. Thereafter, the programme plans for a neutral fiscal stance. The budgetary stance in the programme appears broadly in line with the Stability and Growth Pact, appropriately allowing for a fiscal stimulus during recession and a neutral fiscal stance once the economy is forecast to have recovered to growth rates close to the estimated potential. The budgetary stance at the end of the programme period would maintain a large safety margin against breaching the 3 % deficit threshold.

(13)

As regards the data requirements specified in the code of conduct for stability and convergence programmes, the programme has some gaps in the required and optional data (5).

(i)

implement the 2009 fiscal policy as planned in line with the EERP and within the framework of the SGP;

(ii)

subsequently reverse the adverse budgetary impact of the fiscal stimulus measures by returning to its medium-term objective and implementing appropriate structural reforms in order to preserve the long-term sustainability of public finances.