(a)

the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in the United Kingdom; or

(b)

the presence within the United Kingdom of property belonging to the defendant; or

(c)

the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated in the United Kingdom.

—

in Belgium, the ‘tribunal de première instance’ or ‘rechtbank van eerste aanleg’ or ‘erstinstanzliches Gericht’,

—

in Bulgaria, the ‘окръжният съд’,

—

in the Czech Republic, the ‘okresní soud’ or ‘soudní exekutor’,

—

in Denmark, the ‘byret’,

—

in Germany:

—

in Estonia, the ‘maakohus’ (county court),

—

in Ireland, the ‘High Court’,

—

in Greece, the ‘Μονομελές Πρωτοδικείο’,

—

in Spain, the ‘Juzgado de Primera Instancia’,

—

in France:

—

in Italy, the ‘corte d’appello’,

—

in Cyprus, the ‘Επαρχιακό Δικαστήριο’ or in the case of a maintenance judgment the ‘Οικογενειακό Δικαστήριο’,

—

in Latvia, the ‘rajona (pilsētas) tiesa’,

—

in Lithuania, the ‘Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas’,

—

in Luxembourg, the presiding judge of the ‘tribunal d’arrondissement’,

—

in Hungary, the ‘megyei bíróság székhelyén működő helyi bíróság’, and in Budapest the ‘Budai Központi Kerületi Bíróság’,

—

in Malta, the ‘Prim’ Awla tal-Qorti Ċivili’ or ‘Qorti tal-Maġistrati ta’ Għawdex fil-ġurisdizzjoni superjuri tagħha’, or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the ‘Reġistratur tal-Qorti’ on transmission by the ‘Ministru responsabbli għall-Ġustizzja’,

—

in the Netherlands, the ‘voorzieningenrechter van de rechtbank’,

—

in Austria, the ‘Bezirksgericht’,

—

in Poland, the ‘sąd okręgowy’,

—

in Portugal, the ‘Tribunal de Comarca’,

—

in Romania, the ‘Tribunal’,

—

in Slovenia, the ‘okrožno sodišče’,

—

in Slovakia, ‘okresný súd’,

—

in Finland, the ‘käräjäoikeus/tingsrätt’,

—

in Sweden, the ‘Svea hovrätt’,

—

in the United Kingdom:

—

in Belgium,

—

in Bulgaria, the ‘Апелативен съд – София’,

—

in the Czech Republic, the court of appeal through the district court,

—

in Denmark, the ‘landsret’,

—

in Germany, the ‘Oberlandesgericht’,

—

in Estonia, the ‘ringkonnakohus’,

—

in Ireland, the High Court,

—

in Greece, the ‘Εφετείο’,

—

in Spain, the ‘Juzgado de Primera Instancia’ which issued the contested decision, with the appeal to be solved by the ‘Audiencia Provincial’,

—

in France:

—

in Italy, the ‘corte d’appello’,

—

in Cyprus, the ‘Επαρχιακό Δικαστήριο’ or in the case of a maintenance judgment the ‘Οικογενειακό Δικαστήριο’,

—

in Latvia, the ‘Apgabaltiesa’ via the ‘rajona (pilsētas) tiesa’,

—

in Lithuania, the ‘Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas’,

—

in Luxembourg, the ‘Cour supérieure de justice’ sitting as a court of civil appeal,

—

in Hungary, the local court situated at the seat of the county court (in Budapest, the Central District Court of Buda); the appeal is adjudicated by the county court (in Budapest, the Capital Court),

—

in Malta, the ‘Qorti ta’ l-Appell’ in accordance with the procedure laid down for appeals in the ‘Kodiċi ta’ Organizzazzjoni u Proċedura Ċivili – Kap. 12’ or in the case of a maintenance judgment by ‘ċitazzjoni’ before the ‘Prim’ Awla tal-Qorti ivili jew il-Qorti tal-Maġistrati ta’ Għawdex fil-ġurisdizzjoni superjuri tagħha’’,

—

in the Netherlands, the ‘rechtbank’,

—

in Austria, the ‘Landesgericht’ via the ‘Bezirksgericht’,

—

in Poland, the ‘sąd apelacyjny’ via the ‘sąd okręgowy’,

—

in Portugal, the ‘Tribunal da Relação’ is the competent court. The appeals are launched, in accordance with the national law in force, by way of a request addressed to the court which issued the contested decision,

—

in Romania, the ‘Curte de Apel’,

—

in Slovenia, the ‘okrožno sodišče’,

—

in Slovakia, the court of appeal through the district court whose decision is being appealed,

—

in Finland, the ‘hovioikeus/hovrätt’,

—

in Sweden, the ‘Svea hovrätt’,

—

in the United Kingdom:

—

in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, an appeal in cassation,

—

in Bulgaria, ‘обжалване пред Върховния касационен съд’,

—

in the Czech Republic, a ‘dovolání’ and a ‘žaloba pro zmatečnost’,

—

in Denmark, an appeal to the ‘Højesteret’ with leave from the ‘Procesbevillingsnævnet’,

—

in Germany, a ‘Rechtsbeschwerde’,

—

in Estonia, a ‘kassatsioonikaebus’,

—

in Ireland, an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court,

—

in Cyprus, an appeal to the Supreme Court,

—

in Latvia, by an appeal in cassation to the ‘Augstākās tiesas Senātā’ via the ‘Apgabaltiesā’,

—

in Lithuania, an appeal in cassation to the ‘Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas’,

—

in Hungary, ‘felülvizsgálati kérelem’,

—

in Malta, no further appeal lies to any other court; in the case of a maintenance judgment the ‘Qorti ta’ l-Appell’ in accordance with the procedure laid down for appeal in the ‘kodiċi ta’ Organizzazzjoni u Procedura Ċivili – Kap. 12’,

—

in Austria, a ‘Revisionsrekurs’,

—

in Poland, ‘skarga kasacyjna’,

—

in Portugal, an appeal on a point of law,

—

in Romania, a ‘contestatie in anulare’ or a ‘revizuire’,

—

in Slovenia, an appeal to the ‘Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije’,

—

in Slovakia, the ‘dovolanie’,

—

in Finland, an appeal to the ‘korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen’,

—

in Sweden, an appeal to the ‘Högsta domstolen’,

—

in the United Kingdom, a single further appeal on a point of law.