EUR-Lex Access to European Union law
This document is an excerpt from the EUR-Lex website
Document 02004R0874-20051011
Commission Regulation (EC) No 874/2004 of 28 April 2004 laying down public policy rules concerning the implementation and functions of the .eu Top Level Domain and the principles governing registration (Text with EEA relevance)
Consolidated text: Commission Regulation (EC) No 874/2004 of 28 April 2004 laying down public policy rules concerning the implementation and functions of the .eu Top Level Domain and the principles governing registration (Text with EEA relevance)
Commission Regulation (EC) No 874/2004 of 28 April 2004 laying down public policy rules concerning the implementation and functions of the .eu Top Level Domain and the principles governing registration (Text with EEA relevance)
2004R0874 — EN — 11.10.2005 — 001.001
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
|
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 874/2004 of 28 April 2004 laying down public policy rules concerning the implementation and functions of the .eu Top Level Domain and the principles governing registration (OJ L 162, 30.4.2004, p.40) |
Amended by:
|
|
|
Official Journal |
||
|
No |
page |
date |
||
|
L 266 |
35 |
11.10.2005 |
||
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 874/2004
of 28 April 2004
laying down public policy rules concerning the implementation and functions of the .eu Top Level Domain and the principles governing registration
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 733/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 April 2002 on the implementation of the .eu Top Level Domain ( 1 ), and in particular Article 5(1) thereof,
Having consulted the Registry in accordance with Article 5(1) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002,
Whereas:|
(1) |
The initial implementation stages of the .eu Top Level Domain (TLD), to be created pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 733/2002, have been completed by designating a legal entity, established within the Community to administer and manage the .eu TLD Registry function. The Registry, designated by Commission Decision 2003/375/EC ( 2 ), is required to be a non-profit organisation that should operate and provide services on a cost covering basis and at an affordable price. |
|
(2) |
Requesting a domain name should be possible through electronic means in a simple, speedy and efficient procedure, in all official languages of the Community, through accredited registrars. |
|
(3) |
Accreditation of registrars should be carried out by the Registry following a procedure that ensures fair and open competition between Registrars. The accreditation process should be objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. Only parties who meet certain basic technical requirements to be determined by the Registry should be eligible for accreditation. |
|
(4) |
Registrars should only accept applications for the registration of domain names filed after their accreditation and should forward them in the chronological order in which they were received. |
|
(5) |
To ensure better protection of consumers' rights, and without prejudice to any Community rules concerning jurisdiction and applicable law, the applicable law in disputes between registrars and registrants on matters concerning Community titles should be the law of one of the Member States. |
|
(6) |
Registrars should require accurate contact information from their clients, such as full name, address of domicile, telephone number and electronic mail, as well as information concerning a natural or legal person responsible for the technical operation of the domain name. |
|
(7) |
The Registry policy should promote the use of all the official languages of the Community. |
|
(8) |
Pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 733/2002, Member States may request that their official name and the name under which they are commonly known should not be registered directly under .eu TLD otherwise than by their national government. Countries that are expected to join the European Union later than May 2004 should be enabled to block their official names and the names under which they are commonly known, so that they can be registered at a later date. |
|
(9) |
A Member State should be authorised to designate an operator that will register as a domain name its official name and the name under which it is commonly known. Similarly, the Commission should be authorised to select domain names for use by the institutions of the Community, and to designate the operator of those domain names. The Registry should be empowered to reserve a number of specified domain names for its operational functions. |
|
(10) |
In accordance with Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002, a number of Member States have notified to the Commission and to other Member States a limited list of broadly-recognised names with regard to geographical and/or geopolitical concepts which affect their political or territorial organisation. Such lists include names that could either not be registered or which could be registered only under the second level domain in accordance with the public policy rules. The names included in these lists are not subject to the first-come first-served principle. |
|
(11) |
The principle of first-come-first-served should be the basic principle for resolving a dispute between holders of prior rights during the phased registration. After the termination of the phased registration the principle of first come first served should apply in the allocation of domain names. |
|
(12) |
In order to safeguard prior rights recognised by Community or national law, a procedure for phased registration should be put in place. Phased registration should take place in two phases, with the aim of ensuring that holders of prior rights have appropriate opportunities to register the names on which they hold prior rights. The Registry should ensure that validation of the rights is performed by appointed validation agents. On the basis of evidence provided by the applicants, validation agents should assess the right which is claimed for a particular name. Allocation of that name should then take place on a first-come, first-served basis if there are two or more applicants for a domain name, each having a prior right. |
|
(13) |
The Registry should enter into an appropriate escrow agreement to ensure continuity of service, and in particular to ensure that in the event of re-delegation or other unforeseen circumstances it is possible to continue to provide services to the local Internet community with minimum disruption. The Registry should also comply with the relevant data protection rules, principles, guidelines and best practices, notably concerning the amount and type of data displayed in the WHOIS database. Domain names considered by a Member State court to be defamatory, racist or contrary to public policy should be blocked and eventually revoked once the court decision becomes final. Such domain names should be blocked from future registrations. |
|
(14) |
In the event of the death or insolvency of a domain name holder, if no transfer has been initiated at the expiry of the registration period, the domain name should be suspended for 40 calendar days. If the heirs or administrators concerned have not registered the name during that period it should become available for general registration. |
|
(15) |
Domain names should be open to revocation by the Registry on a limited number of specified grounds, after giving the domain name holder concerned an opportunity to take appropriate measures. Domain names should also be capable of revocation through an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedure. |
|
(16) |
The Registry should provide for an ADR procedure which takes into account the international best practices in this area and in particular the relevant World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recommendations, to ensure that speculative and abusive registrations are avoided as far as possible. |
|
(17) |
The Registry should select service providers that have appropriate expertise on the basis of objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. ADR should respect a minimum of uniform procedural rules, similar to the ones set out in the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy adopted by the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). |
|
(18) |
In view of the impending enlargement of the Union it is imperative that the system of public policy rules set up by this Regulation enter into force without delay. |
|
(19) |
The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Communications Committee established by Article 22(1) of Directive 2002/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 3 ), |
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
CHAPTER I
SUBJECT MATTER
Article 1
Subject matter
This Regulation sets out the public policy rules concerning the implementation and functions of the .eu Top Level Domain (TLD) and the public policy principles on registration referred to in Article 5(1) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002.
CHAPTER II
PRINCIPLES ON REGISTRATION
Article 2
Eligibility and general principles for registration
An eligible party, as listed in Article 4(2)(b) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002, may register one or more domain names under .eu TLD.
Without prejudice to Chapter IV, a specific domain name shall be allocated for use to the eligible party whose request has been received first by the Registry in the technically correct manner and in accordance with this Regulation. For the purposes of this Regulation, this criterion of first receipt shall be referred to as the ‘first-come-first-served’ principle.
Once a domain name is registered it shall become unavailable for further registration until the registration expires without renewal, or until the domain name is revoked.
Unless otherwise specified in this Regulation, domain names shall be registered directly under the .eu TLD.
Domain name registration shall be valid only after the appropriate fee has been paid by the requesting party.
Domain names registered under the .eu TLD shall only be transferable to parties that are eligible for registration of .eu domain names.
Article 3
Requests for domain name registration
The request for domain name registration shall include all of the following:
(a) the name and address of the requesting party;
(b) a confirmation by electronic means from the requesting party that it satisfies the general eligibility criteria set out in Article 4(2)(b) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002;
(c) an affirmation by electronic means from the requesting party that to its knowledge the request for domain name registration is made in good faith and does not infringe any rights of a third party;
(d) an undertaking by electronic means from the requesting party that it shall abide by all the terms and conditions for registration, including the policy on the extra-judicial settlement of conflicts set out in Chapter VI.
Any material inaccuracy in the elements set out in points (a) to (d) shall constitute a breach of the terms of registration.
Any verification by the Registry of the validity of registration applications shall take place subsequently to the registration at the initiative of the Registry or pursuant to a dispute for the registration of the domain name in question, except for applications filed in the course of the phased registration procedure under Articles 10, 12, and 14.
Article 4
Accreditation of registrars
Only registrars accredited by the Registry shall be permitted to offer registration services for names under the .eu TLD.
The procedure for the accreditation of registrars shall be determined by the Registry and shall be reasonable, transparent and non-discriminatory, and shall ensure effective and fair conditions of competition.
Registrars are required to access and use the Registry's automated registration systems. The Registry may set further basic technical requirements for the accreditation of registrars.
The Registry may ask registrars for advance payment of registration fees, to be set annually by the Registry based on a reasonable market estimate.
The procedure, terms of accreditation of registrars and the list of accredited registrars shall be made publicly available by the Registry in readily accessible form.
Each registrar shall be bound by contract with the Registry to observe the terms of accreditation and in particular to comply with the public policy principles set out in this Regulation.
Article 5
Provisions for registrars
Without prejudice to any rule governing jurisdiction and applicable law, agreements between the Registrar and the registrant of a domain name cannot designate, as applicable law, a law other than the law of one of the Member States, nor can they designate a dispute-resolution body, unless selected by the Registry pursuant to Article 23, nor an arbitration court or a court located outside the Community.
A registrar who receives more than one registration request for the same name shall forward those requests to the Registry in the chronological order in which they were received.
Only applications received after the date of accreditation shall be forwarded to the Registry.
Registrars shall require all applicants to submit accurate and reliable contact details of at least one natural or legal person responsible for the technical operation of the domain name that is requested.
Registrars may develop label, authentication and trustmark schemes in order to promote consumer confidence in the reliability of information that is available under a domain name that is registered by them, in accordance with applicable national and Community law.
CHAPTER III
LANGUAGES AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPTS
Article 6
Languages
Registrations of .eu domain names shall start only after the Registry has informed the Commission that the filing of applications for the registration of .eu domain names and communications of decisions concerning registration is possible in all official languages of the Community, hereinafter referred to as ‘official languages’.
For any communication by the Registry that affects the rights of a party in conjunction with a registration, such as the grant, transfer, cancellation or revocation of a domain, the Registry shall ensure that these communications are possible in all official languages.
The Registry shall perform the registration of domain names in all the alphabetic characters of the official languages when adequate international standards become available.
The Registry shall not be required to perform functions using languages other than the official languages.
Article 7
Procedure for reserved geographical and geopolitical names
For the procedure of raising objections to the lists of broadly recognised names in accordance with the third subparagraph of Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002, objections shall be notified to the members of the Communications Committee established by Article 22(1) of Directive 2002/21/EC and to the Director-General of the Commission's Directorate-General Information Society. The members of the Communications Committee and the Director-General may designate other contact points for these notifications.
Objections and designations of contact points shall be notified in the form of electronic mail, delivery by courier or in person, or by postal delivery effected by way of registered letter and acknowledgement of receipt.
Upon the resolution of any objections, the Registry shall publish on its web site two lists of names. The one list shall contain the list of names that the Commission shall have notified as ‘not registrable’. The other list shall contain the list of names that the Commission shall have notified to the Registry as ‘registrable only under a second level domain’.
Article 8
Reservation of names by countries and alpha-2 codes representing countries
1. The list of names set out in the Annex to this Regulation shall only be reserved or registered as second level domain names directly under the .eu TLD by the countries indicated in the list.
2. Alpha-2 codes representing countries shall not be registered as second level domain names directly under the .eu TLD.
Article 9
Second level domain name for geographical and geopolitical names
Registration of geographical and geopolitical concepts as domain names in accordance with Article 5(2)(b) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002 may be provided for by a Member State that has notified the names. This may be done under any domain name that has been registered by that Member State.
The Commission may ask the Registry to introduce domain names directly under the .eu TLD for use by the Community institutions and bodies. After the entry into force of this Regulation and not later than a week before the beginning of the phased registration period provided for in Chapter IV, the Commission shall notify the Registry of the names that are to be reserved and the bodies that represent the Community institutions and bodies in registering the names.
CHAPTER IV
PHASED REGISTRATION
Article 10
Eligible parties and the names they can register
1. Holders of prior rights recognised or established by national and/or Community law and public bodies shall be eligible to apply to register domain names during a period of phased registration before general registration of. eu domain starts.
‘Prior rights’ shall be understood to include, inter alia, registered national and community trademarks, geographical indications or designations of origin, and, in as far as they are protected under national law in the Member-State where they are held: unregistered trademarks, trade names, business identifiers, company names, family names, and distinctive titles of protected literary and artistic works.
‘Public bodies’ shall include: institutions and bodies of the Community, national and local governments, governmental bodies, authorities, organisations and bodies governed by public law, and international and intergovernmental organisations.
2. The registration on the basis of a prior right shall consist of the registration of the complete name for which the prior right exists, as written in the documentation which proves that such a right exists.
3. The registration by a public body may consist of the complete name of the public body or the acronym that is generally used. Public bodies that are responsible for governing a particular geographic territory may also register the complete name of the territory for which they are responsible, and the name under which the territory is commonly known.
Article 11
Special characters
As far as the registration of complete names is concerned, where such names comprise a space between the textual or word elements, identicality shall be deemed to exist between such complete names and the same names written with a hyphen between the word elements or combined in one word in the domain name applied for.
Where the name for which prior rights are claimed contains special characters, spaces, or punctuations, these shall be eliminated entirely from the corresponding domain name, replaced with hyphens, or, if possible, rewritten.
Special character and punctuations as referred to in the second paragraph shall include the following:
~ @ # $ % ‸ & * ( ) + = <> { } [ ] | \ /: ; ' , . ?
Without prejudice to the third paragraph of Article 6, if the prior right name contains letters which have additional elements that cannot be reproduced in ASCII code, such as ä, é or ñ, the letters concerned shall be reproduced without these elements (such as a, e, n), or shall be replaced by conventionally accepted spellings (such as ae). In all other respects, the domain name shall be identical to the textual or word elements of the prior right name.
Article 12
Principles for phased registration
Phased registration shall not start before the requirement of the first paragraph of Article 6 is fulfilled.
◄
The Registry shall publish the date on which phased registration shall start at least two months in advance and shall inform all accredited Registrars accordingly.
The Registry shall publish on its website two months before the beginning of the phased registration a detailed description of all the technical and administrative measures that it shall use to ensure a proper, fair and technically sound administration of the phased registration period.
2. The duration of the phased registration period shall be four months. General registration of domain names shall not start prior to the completion of the phased registration period.
Phased registration shall be comprised of two parts of two months each.
During the first part of phased registration, only registered national and Community trademarks, geographical indications, and the names and acronyms referred to in Article 10(3), may be applied for as domain names by holders or licensees of prior rights and by the public bodies mentioned in Article 10(1).
During the second part of phased registration, the names that can be registered in the first part as well as names based on all other prior rights can be applied for as domain names by holders of prior rights on those names.
3. The request to register a domain name based on a prior right under Article 10(1) and (2) shall include a reference to the legal basis in national or Community law for the right to the name, as well as other relevant information, such as trademark registration number, information concerning publication in an official journal or government gazette, registration information at professional or business associations and chambers of commerce.
4. The Registry may make the requests for domain name registration subject to payment of additional fees, provided that these serve merely to cover the costs generated by the application of this Chapter. The Registry may charge differential fees depending upon the complexity of the process required to validate prior rights.
5. At the end of the phased registration an independent audit shall be performed at the expense of the Registry and shall report its findings to the Commission. The auditor shall be appointed by the Registry after consulting the Commission. The purpose of the audit shall be to confirm the fair, appropriate and sound operational and technical administration of the phased registration period by the Registry.
6. To resolve a dispute over a domain name the rules provided in Chapter VI shall apply.
Article 13
Selection of validation agents
Validation agents shall be legal persons established within the territory of the Community. Validation agents shall be reputable bodies with appropriate expertise. The Registry shall select the validation agents in an objective, transparent and non-discriminatory manner, ensuring the widest possible geographical diversity. The Registry shall require the validation agent to execute the validation in an objective, transparent and non-discriminatory manner.
Member States shall provide for validation concerning the names mentioned in Article 10(3). To that end, the Member States shall send to the Commission within two months following entry into force of this Regulation, a clear indication of the addresses to which documentary evidence is to be sent for verification. The Commission shall notify the Registry of these addresses.
The Registry shall publish information about the validation agents at its website.
Article 14
Validation and registration of applications received during phased registration
All claims for prior rights under Article 10(1) and (2) must be verifiable by documentary evidence which demonstrates the right under the law by virtue of which it exists.
The Registry, upon receipt of the application, shall block the domain name in question until validation has taken place or until the deadline passes for receipt of documentation. If the Registry receives more than one claim for the same domain during the phased registration period, applications shall be dealt with in strict chronological order.
The Registry shall make available a database containing information about the domain names applied for under the procedure for phased registration, the applicants, the Registrar that submitted the application, the deadline for submission of validation documents, and subsequent claims on the names.
Every applicant shall submit documentary evidence that shows that he or she is the holder of the prior right claimed on the name in question. The documentary evidence shall be submitted to a validation agent indicated by the Registry. The applicant shall submit the evidence in such a way that it shall be received by the validation agent within forty days from the submission of the application for the domain name. If the documentary evidence has not been received by this deadline, the application for the domain name shall be rejected.
Validation agents shall time-stamp documentary evidence upon receipt.
Validation agents shall examine applications for any particular domain name in the order in which the application was received at the Registry.
The relevant validation agent shall examine whether the applicant that is first in line to be assessed for a domain name and that has submitted the documentary evidence before the deadline has prior rights on the name. If the documentary evidence has not been received in time or if the validation agent finds that the documentary evidence does not substantiate a prior right, he shall notify the Registry of this.
If the validation agent finds that prior rights exist regarding the application for a particular domain name that is first in line, he shall notify the Registry accordingly.
This examination of each claim in chronological order of receipt shall be followed until a claim is found for which prior rights on the name in question are confirmed by a validation agent.
The Registry shall register the domain name, on the first come first served basis, if it finds that the applicant has demonstrated a prior right in accordance with the procedure set out in the second, third and fourth paragraphs.
CHAPTER V
RESERVATIONS, WHOIS DATA AND IMPROPER REGISTRATIONS
Article 15
Escrow agreement
1. The Registry shall, at its own expense, enter into an agreement with a reputable trustee or other escrow agent established within the territory of the Community designating the Commission as the beneficiary of the escrow agreement. The Commission shall give its consent to that agreement before it is concluded. The Registry shall submit to the escrow agent on a daily basis an electronic copy of the current content of the .eu database.
2. The agreement shall provide that the data shall be held by the escrow agent on the following terms and conditions:
(a) the data shall be received and held in escrow, undergoing no procedure other than verification that it is complete, consistent, and in proper format, until it is released to the Commission;
(b) the data shall be released from escrow upon expiration without renewal or upon termination of the contract between the Registry and the Commission for any of the reasons described therein and irrespectively of any disputes or litigation between the Commission and the Registry;
(c) in the event that the escrow is released, the Commission shall have the exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free right to exercise or to have exercised all rights necessary to re-designate the Registry;
(d) if the contract with the Registry is terminated the Commission, with the cooperation of the Registry, shall take all necessary steps to transfer the administrative and operational responsibility for the .eu TLD and any reserve funds to such party as the Commission may designate: in that event, the Registry shall make all efforts to avoid disruption of the service and shall in particular continue to update the information that is subject to the escrow until the time of completion of the transfer.
Article 16
WHOIS database
The purpose of the WHOIS database shall be to provide reasonably accurate and up to date information about the technical and administrative points of contact administering the domain names under the .eu TLD.
The WHOIS database shall contain information about the holder of a domain name that is relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose of the database. In as far as the information is not strictly necessary in relation to the purpose of the database, and if the domain name holder is a natural person, the information that is to be made publicly available shall be subject to the unambiguous consent of the domain name holder. The deliberate submission of inaccurate information, shall constitute grounds for considering the domain name registration to have been in breach of the terms of registration.
Article 17
Names reserved by the Registry
The following names shall be reserved for the operational functions of the Registry:
eurid.eu, registry.eu, nic.eu, dns.eu, internic.eu, whois.eu, das.eu, coc.eu, eurethix.eu, eurethics.eu, euthics.eu
Article 18
Improper registrations
Where a domain name is considered by a Court of a Member State to be defamatory, racist or contrary to public policy, it shall be blocked by the Registry upon notification of a Court decision and shall be revoked upon notification of a final court decision. The Registry shall block from future registration those names which have been subject to such a court order for as long as such order remains valid.
Article 19
Death and winding up
1. If the domain name holder dies during the registration period of the domain name, the executors of his or her estate, or his or her legal heirs, may request transfer of the name to the heirs along with submission of the appropriate documentation. If, on expiry of the registration period, no transfer has been initiated, the domain name shall be suspended for a period of 40 calendar days and shall be published on the Registry's website. During this period the executors or the legal heirs may apply to register the name along with submission of the appropriate documentation. If the heirs have not registered the name during that 40-day period, the domain name shall thereafter become available for general registration.
2. If the domain name holder is an undertaking, a legal or natural person, or an organisation that becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, winding up, cessation of trading, winding up by court order or any similar proceeding provided for by national law, during the registration period of the domain name, then the legally appointed administrator of the domain name holder may request transfer to the purchaser of the domain name holders assets along with submission of the appropriate documentation. If, on expiry of the registration period, no transfer has been initiated, the domain name shall be suspended for a period of forty calendar days and shall be published on the registry's website. During this period the administrator may apply to register the name along with submission of appropriate documentation. If the administrator has not registered the name during that 40-day period, the domain name shall thereafter become available for general registration.
CHAPTER VI
REVOCATION AND SETTLEMENT OF CONFLICTS
Article 20
Revocation of domain names
The Registry may revoke a domain name at its own initiative and without submitting the dispute to any extrajudicial settlement of conflicts, exclusively on the following grounds:
(a) outstanding unpaid debts owed to the Registry;
(b) holder's non-fulfilment of the general eligibility criteria pursuant to Article 4(2)(b) of Regulation (EC) 733/2002;
(c) holder's breach of the terms of registration under Article 3.
The Registry shall lay down a procedure in accordance with which it may revoke domain names on these grounds. This procedure shall include a notice to the domain name holder and shall afford him an opportunity to take appropriate measures.
Revocation of a domain name, and where necessary its subsequent transfer, may also be effected in accordance with a decision issued by an extrajudicial settlement body.
Article 21
Speculative and abusive registrations
1. A registered domain name shall be subject to revocation, using an appropriate extra-judicial or judicial procedure, where that name is identical or confusingly similar to a name in respect of which a right is recognised or established by national and/or Community law, such as the rights mentioned in Article 10(1), and where it:
(a) has been registered by its holder without rights or legitimate interest in the name; or
(b) has been registered or is being used in bad faith.
2. A legitimate interest within the meaning of point (a) of paragraph 1 may be demonstrated where:
(a) prior to any notice of an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedure, the holder of a domain name has used the domain name or a name corresponding to the domain name in connection with the offering of goods or services or has made demonstrable preparation to do so;
(b) the holder of a domain name, being an undertaking, organisation or natural person, has been commonly known by the domain name, even in the absence of a right recognised or established by national and/or Community law;
(c) the holder of a domain name is making a legitimate and non-commercial or fair use of the domain name, without intent to mislead consumers or harm the reputation of a name on which a right is recognised or established by national and/or Community law.
3. Bad faith, within the meaning of point (b) of paragraph 1 may be demonstrated, where:
(a) circumstances indicate that the domain name was registered or acquired primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the domain name to the holder of a name in respect of which a right is recognised or established by national and/or Community law or to a public body; or
(b) the domain name has been registered in order to prevent the holder of such a name in respect of which a right is recognised or established by national and/or Community law, or a public body, from reflecting this name in a corresponding domain name, provided that:
(i) a pattern of such conduct by the registrant can be demonstrated; or
(ii) the domain name has not been used in a relevant way for at least two years from the date of registration; or
(iii) in circumstances where, at the time the ADR procedure was initiated, the holder of a domain name in respect of which a right is recognised or established by national and/or Community law or the holder of a domain name of a public body has declared his/its intention to use the domain name in a relevant way but fails to do so within six months of the day on which the ADR procedure was initiated;
(c) the domain name was registered primarily for the purpose of disrupting the professional activities of a competitor; or
(d) the domain name was intentionally used to attract Internet users, for commercial gain, to the holder of a domain name website or other on-line location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with a name on which a right is recognised or established by national and/or Community law or a name of a public body, such likelihood arising as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation or endorsement of the website or location or of a product or service on the website or location of the holder of a domain name; or
(e) the domain name registered is a personal name for which no demonstrable link exists between the domain name holder and the domain name registered.
4. The provisions in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 may not be invoked so as to obstruct claims under national law.
Article 22
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedure
1. An ADR procedure may be initiated by any party where:
(a) the registration is speculative or abusive within the meaning of Article 21; or
(b) a decision taken by the Registry conflicts with this Regulation or with Regulation (EC) No 733/2002.
2. Participation in the ADR procedure shall be compulsory for the holder of a domain name and the Registry.
3. A fee for the ADR shall be paid by the complainant.
4. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, or specified otherwise in the registration agreement between registrar and domain name holder, the language of the administrative proceeding shall be the language of that agreement. This rule shall be subject to the authority of the panel to determine otherwise, having regard to the circumstances of the case.
5. The complaints and the responses to those complaints must be submitted to an ADR provider chosen by the complainant from the list referred to in the first paragraph of Article 23. That submission shall be made in accordance with this Regulation and the published supplementary procedures of the ADR provider.
6. As soon as a request for ADR is properly filed with the ADR provider and the appropriate fee is paid, the ADR provider shall inform the Registry of the identity of the complainant and the domain name involved. The Registry shall suspend the domain name involved from cancellation or transfer until the dispute resolution proceedings or subsequent legal proceedings are complete and the decision has been notified to the Registry.
7. The ADR provider shall examine the complaint for compliance with its rules of procedure, with the provisions of this Regulation and with Regulation (EC) No 733/2002, and, unless non-compliance is established, shall forward the complaint to the respondent within five working days following receipt of the fees to be paid by the complainant.
8. Within 30 working days of the date of receipt of the complaint the respondent shall submit a response to the provider.
9. Any written communication to a complainant or respondent shall be made by the preferred means stated by the complainant or respondent, respectively, or in the absence of such specification electronically via the Internet, provided that a record of transmission is available.
All communications concerning the ADR procedure to the holder of a domain name that is subject to an ADR procedure shall be sent to the address information that is available to the Registrar that maintains the registration of the domain name in accordance with the terms and conditions of registration.
10. Failure of any of the parties involved in an ADR procedure to respond within the given deadlines or appear to a panel hearing may be considered as grounds to accept the claims of the counterparty.
11. In the case of a procedure against a domain name holder, the ADR panel shall decide that the domain name shall be revoked, if it finds that the registration is speculative or abusive as defined in Article 21. The domain name shall be transferred to the complainant if the complainant applies for this domain name and satisfies the general eligibility criteria set out in Article 4(2)(b) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002.
In the case of a procedure against the Registry, the ADR panel shall decide whether a decision taken by the Registry conflicts with this Regulation or with Regulation (EC) No 733/2002. The ADR panel shall decide that the decision shall be annulled and may decide in appropriate cases that the domain name in question shall be transferred, revoked or attributed, provided that, where necessary, the general eligibility criteria set out in Article 4(2)(b) of Regulation (EC) No 733/2002 are fulfilled.
The decision of the ADR panel shall state the date for implementation of the decision.
Decisions of the panel are taken by simple majority. The alternative dispute panel shall issue its decision within one month from the date of receipt of the response by the ADR provider. The decision shall be duly motivated. The decisions of the panel shall be published.
12. Within three working days after receiving the decision from the panel, the provider shall notify the full text of the decision to each party, the concerned registrar(s) and the Registry. The decision shall be notified to the Registry and the complainant by registered post or other equivalent electronic means.
13. The results of ADR shall be binding on the parties and the Registry unless court proceedings are initiated within 30 calendar days of the notification of the result of the ADR procedure to the parties.
Article 23
Selection of providers and panellists for alternative dispute resolution
1. The Registry may select ADR providers, who shall be reputable bodies with appropriate expertise in an objective, transparent and non-discriminatory manner. A list of the ADR providers shall be published on the Registry's website.
2. A dispute which is submitted to the ADR procedure shall be examined by arbitrators appointed to a panel of one or three members.
The panellists shall be selected in accordance to the internal procedures of the selected ADR providers. They shall have appropriate expertise and shall be selected in an objective, transparent and non-discriminatory manner. Each provider shall maintain a publicly available list of panellists and their qualifications.
A panellist shall be impartial and independent and shall have, before accepting appointment, disclosed to the provider any circumstances giving rise to justifiable doubt as to their impartiality or independence. If, at any stage during the administrative proceedings, new circumstances arise that could give rise to justifiable doubt as to the impartiality or independence of the panellist, that panellist shall promptly disclose such circumstances to the provider.
In such event, the provider shall appoint a substitute panellist.
CHAPTER VII
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 24
Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
ANNEX
1. List of names per country and the countries that can register them
AUSTRIA
1. österreich
2. oesterreich
3. republik-österreich
4. republik-oesterreich
5. afstria
6. dimokratia-afstria
7. østrig
8. republikken-østrig
9. oestrig
10. austria
11. republic-austria
12. república-austria
13. autriche
14. république-autriche
15. oostenrijk
16. republiek-oostenrijk
17. república-austria
18. itävalta
19. itävallan-tasavalta
20. itaevalta
21. österrike
22. oesterrike
23. republik-österrike
24. rakousko
25. republika-rakousko
26. repubblica-austria
27. austrija
28. republika-austrija
29. respublika-austrija
30. ausztria
31. Osztrák-Köztársaság
32. Republika-Austriacka
33. rakúsko
34. republika-rakúsko
35. avstrija
36. republika-avstrija
37. awstrija
38. republika-awstrija
39. republikösterreich
40. republikoesterreich
41. dimokratiaafstria
42. republikkenøstrig
43. republicaustria
44. repúblicaaustria
45. républiqueautriche
46. repubblicaaustria
47. republiekoostenrijk
48. repúblicaaustria
49. tasavaltaitävalta
50. republikösterrike
51. republikarakousko
52. republikaaustrija
53. respublikaaustrija
54. OsztrákKöztársaság
55. RepublikaAustriacka
56. republikarakúsko
57. republikaavstrija
58. republikaawstrija
59. aostria
60. vabariik-aostria
61. vabariikaostria
BELGIUM
1. belgie
2. belgië
3. belgique
4. belgien
5. belgium
6. bélgica
7. belgica
8. belgio
9. belgia
10. belgija
11. vlaanderen
12. wallonie
13. wallonië
14. brussel
15. vlaamse-gemeenschap
16. franse-gemeenschap
17. duitstalige-gemeenschap
18. vlaams-gewest
19. waals-gewest
20. brussels-hoofdstedelijk-gewest
21. flandre
22. bruxelles
23. communauté-flamande
24. communaute-flamande
25. communauté-française
26. communaute-francaise
27. communaute-germanophone
28. communauté-germanophone
29. région-flamande
30. region-flamande
31. région-wallonne
32. region-wallonne
33. région-de-bruxelles-capitale
34. region-de-bruxelles-capitale
35. flandern
36. wallonien
37. bruessel
38. brüssel
39. flaemische-gemeinschaft
40. flämische-gemeinschaft
41. franzoesische-gemeinschaft
42. französische-gemeinschaft
43. deutschsprachige-gemeinschaft
44. flaemische-region
45. flämische-region
46. wallonische-region
47. region-bruessel-hauptstadt
48. region-brüssel-hauptstadt
49. flanders
50. wallonia
51. brussels
52. flemish-community
53. french-community
54. german-speaking-community
55. flemish-region
56. walloon-region
57. brussels-capital-region
58. flandes
59. valonia
60. bruselas
61. comunidad-flamenca
62. comunidad-francesa
63. comunidad-germanófona
64. comunidad-germanofona
65. region-flamenca
66. región-flamenca
67. region-valona
68. región-valona
69. region-de-bruselas-capital
70. región-de-bruselas-capital
71. fiandre
72. vallonia
73. communita-fiamminga
74. communità-fiamminga
75. communita-francese
76. communità-francese
77. communita-di-lingua-tedesca
78. communità-di-lingua-tedesca
79. regione-fiamminga
80. regione-vallona
81. regione-di-bruxelles-capitale
82. flandres
83. bruxelas
84. comunidade-flamenga
85. comunidade-francofona
86. comunidade-germanofona
87. regiao-flamenga
88. região-flamenga
89. regiao-vala
90. região-vala
91. regiao-de-bruxelas-capital
92. região-de-bruxelas-capital
93. vallonien
94. bryssel
95. flamlaendskt-spraakomraade
96. fransktalande-spraakomraade
97. tysktalande-spraakomraade
98. flamlaendska-regionen
99. vallonska-regionen
100. bryssel-huvustad
101. det-flamske-sprogsamfund
102. det-franske-sprogsamfund
103. det-tysktalende-sprogsamfund
104. den-flamske-region
105. den-vallonske-region
106. regionen-bruxelles-hovedstadsomraadet
107. flanderi
108. flaaminkielinen-yhteiso
109. ranskankielinen-yhteiso
110. saksankielinen-yhteiso
111. flanderin-alue
112. vallonian-alue
113. brysselin-alue
114. flandry
115. valonsko
116. brusel
117. vlamske-spolecenstvi
118. francouzske-spolecenstvi
119. germanofonni-spolecenstvi
120. vlamsky-region
121. valonsky-region
122. region-brusel
123. flandrija
124. valonija
125. bruselj
126. flamska-skupnost
127. frankofonska-skupnost
128. germanofonska-skupnost
129. flamska-regija
130. valonska-regija
131. regija-bruselj
CYPRUS
1. cypern
2. cyprus
3. cyprus
4. kypros
5. chypre
6. zypern
7. κυπρος
8. cipro
9. chipre
10. chipre
11. cypern
12. anchipír
13. kypr
14. küpros
15. ciprus
16. kipras
17. kipra
18. ćipru
19. cypr
20. ciper
21. cyprus
22. kibris
23. republikkencypern
24. republiekcyprus
25. republicofcyprus
26. kyproksentasavalta
27. republiquedechypre
28. republikzypern
29. κυπριακηδημοκρατια
30. repubblicadicipro
31. republicadechipre
32. republicadechipre
33. cypernsrepublik
34. poblachtnacipíre
35. kyperskarepublika
36. küprosevabariik
37. ciprusiköztàrsasàg
38. kiprorespublika
39. kiprasrepublika
40. republikata’ćipru
41. republikacypryjska
42. republikaciper
43. cyperskarepublika
44. kibriscumhuriyeti
CZECH REPUBLIC
1. ceska-republika
2. den-tjekkiske-republik
3. tschechische-republik
4. tsehhi-vabariik
5. τσεχικη-δημοκρατια
6. czech-republic
7. repulica-checa
8. republique-tcheque
9. repubblica-ceca
10. cehijas-republika
11. cekijos-respublika
12. cseh-koztarsasag
13. repubblica-ceka
14. tsjechische-republiek
15. republika-czeska
16. republica-checa
17. ceska-republika
18. ceska-republika
19. tsekin-tasavalta
20. tjeckiska-republiken
21. ceskarepublika
22. dentjekkiskerepublik
23. tschechischerepublik
24. tsehhivabariik
25. τσεχικηδημοκρατια
26. czechrepublic
27. repulicacheca
28. republiquetcheque
29. repubblicaceca
30. cehijasrepublika
31. cekijosrespublika
32. csehkoztarsasag
33. repubblicaceka
34. tsjechischerepubliek
35. republikaczeska
36. republicacheca
37. ceskarepublika
38. ceskarepublika
39. tsekintasavalta
40. tjeckiskarepubliken
41. czech
42. cesko
43. tjekkiet
44. tschechien
45. tsehhi
46. τσεχια
47. czechia
48. chequia
49. tchequie
50. cechia
51. cehija
52. cekija
53. csehorszag
54. tsjechie
55. czechy
56. chequia
57. ceska
58. tsekinmaa
59. tjeckien
60. cechy
61. česka-republika
62. tsehhi-vabariik
63. republica-checa
64. republique-tcheque
65. čehijas-republika
66. cseh-köztarsasag
67. republica-checa
68. česka-republika
69. českarepublika
70. tsehhivabariik
71. republicacheca
72. republiquetcheque
73. čehijasrepublika
74. csehköztarsasag
75. republicacheca
76. českarepublika
77. česko
78. tsjechië
79. tsehhi
80. chequia
81. tchequie
82. čehija
83. csehorszag
84. česka
85. čechy
DENMARK
1. danemark
2. denemarken
3. danmark
4. denmark
5. tanska
6. δανία
7. danimarca
8. dinamarca
9. dänemark
10. dánsko
11. taani
12. danija
13. dānija
14. id-danimarka
15. dania
16. danska
17. dánia
ESTONIA
1. eesti
2. estija
3. estland
4. estonia
5. estónia
6. estonie
7. estonija
8. estonja
9. εσθονία
10. igaunija
11. viro
FINLAND
1. suomi
2. finland
3. finska
4. finskó
5. finlândia
6. finlandia
7. finlandja
8. finnország
9. suomija
10. somija
11. finlande
12. φινλανδία
13. soomi
14. finnland
15. finsko
FRANCE
1. francia
2. francie
3. frankrig
4. frankreich
5. prantsusmaa
6. γαλλια
7. gallia
8. france
9. france
10. francia
11. francija
12. prancūzija
13. prancuzija
14. franciaország
15. franciaorszag
16. franza
17. frankrijk
18. francja
19. frança
20. francúzsko
21. francuzsko
22. francija
23. ranska
24. frankrike
25. französischerepublik
26. französische-republik
27. französische_republik
28. franzosischerepublik
29. franzosische-republik
30. franzosische_republik
31. franzoesischerepublik
32. franzoesische-republik
33. franzoesische_republik
34. frenchrepublic
35. french-republic
36. french_republic
37. republiquefrançaise
38. republique-française
39. republique_française
40. républiquefrançaise
41. république-française
42. république_française
43. republiquefrancaise
44. republique-francaise
45. republique_francaise
46. républiquefrancaise
47. république-francaise
48. république_francaise
49. alsace
50. auvergne
51. aquitaine
52. basse-normandie
53. bassenormandie
54. bourgogne
55. bretagne
56. centre
57. champagne-ardenne
58. champagneardenne
59. corse
60. franche-comte
61. franche-comté
62. franchecomte
63. franchecomté
64. haute-normandie
65. hautenormandie
66. ile-de-France
67. île-de-France
68. iledeFrance
69. îledeFrance
70. languedoc-roussillon
71. languedocroussillon
72. limousin
73. lorraine
74. midi-pyrenees
75. midi-pyrénées
76. midipyrenees
77. midipyrénées
78. nord-pas-de-calais
79. nordpasdecalais
80. paysdelaloire
81. pays-de-la-loire
82. picardie
83. poitou-charentes
84. poitoucharentes
85. provence-alpes-cote-d-azur
86. provence-alpes-côte-d-azur
87. provencealpescotedazur
88. provencealpescôtedazur
89. rhone-alpes
90. rhône-alpes
91. rhonealpes
92. rhônealpes
93. guadeloupe
94. guyane
95. martinique
96. reunion
97. réunion
98. mayotte
99. saint-pierre-et-miquelon
100. saintpierreetmiquelon
101. polynesie-française
102. polynésie-française
103. polynesie-francaise
104. polynésie-francaise
105. polynesiefrançaise
106. polynésiefrançaise
107. polynesiefrancaise
108. polynésiefrancaise
109. nouvelle-caledonie
110. nouvelle-calédonie
111. nouvellecaledonie
112. nouvellecalédonie
113. wallis-et-futuna
114. wallisetfutuna
115. terres-australes-et-antarctiques-françaises
116. terres-australes-et-antarctiques-françaises
117. terresaustralesetantarctiquesfrançaises
118. terresaustralesetantarctique-françaises
119. saint-barthélémy
120. saintbarthélémy
121. saint-barthelemy
122. saintbarthelemy
123. saint-martin
124. saintmartin
GERMANY
1. deutschland
2. federalrepublicofgermany
3. bundesrepublik-deutschland
4. bundesrepublikdeutschland
5. allemagne
6. republiquefederaled'allemagne
7. alemanna
8. repúblicafederaldealemania
9. germania
10. repubblicafederaledigermania
11. germany
12. federalrepublicofgermany
13. tyskland
14. forbundsrepublikkentyskland
15. duitsland
16. bondsrepubliekduitsland
17. nemecko
18. spolkovárepublikanemecko
19. alemanha
20. republicafederaldaalemanha
21. niemczech
22. republikafederalnaniemiec
23. németország
24. németországiszövetségiköztársaság
25. vokietijos
26. vokietijosfederacinerespublika
27. vacija
28. vacijasfederativarepublika
29. däitschland
30. bundesrepublikdäitschland
31. germanja
32. repubblikafederalitagermanja
33. gearmaine
34. poblachtchnaidhmenagearmaine
35. saksamaa
36. saksamaaliitvabariik
37. nemcija
38. zweznarepublikanemcija
39. γερμανία
40. saksa
41. saksanliittotasavalta
42. Baden-Württemberg
43. Bavaria
44. Bayern
45. Berlin
46. Brandenburg
47. Bremen
48. Hamburg
49. Hessen
50. Lower-Saxony
51. Mecklenburg-Western-Pomerania
52. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
53. niedersachsen
54. nordrhein-Westfalen
55. northrhine-Westphalia
56. Rheinland-Pfalz
57. Rhineland-Palatinate
58. Saarland
59. Sachsen
60. Sachsen-Anhalt
61. Saxony
62. Saxony-Anhalt
63. Schleswig-Holstein
64. Thüringen
65. Thuringia
66. Baden-Wuerttemberg
67. bade-wurtemberg
68. le-bade-wurtemberg
69. Baden-Wurttemberg
70. BadenWürttemberg
71. BadenWuerttemberg
72. badewurtemberg
73. lebadewurtemberg
74. BadenWurttemberg
75. Baviera
76. Bavière
77. Freistaat-Bayern
78. FreistaatBayern
79. Free-State-of-Bavaria
80. Stato-Libero-di-Baviera
81. Etat-Libre-Bavière
82. Brandebourg
83. Brandeburgo
84. Brandenburgii
85. freieundhansestadthamburg
86. freie-und-hansestadt-hamburg
87. freiehansestadthamburg
88. freie-hansestadt-hamburg
89. hansestadt-hamburg
90. hansestadthamburg
91. stadthamburg
92. stadt-hamburg
93. hamburg-stadt
94. hamburg
95. landhamburg
96. land-hamburg
97. hamburku
98. hampuriin
99. hamborg
100. hamburgo
101. hambourg
102. amburgo
103. hamburgu
104. hanbao
105. hamburuku
106. hamburk
107. hesse
108. hassia
109. nordrheinwestfalen
110. northrhinewestphalia
111. northrhine-westfalia
112. northrhinewestfalia
113. rhenanie-du-nord-westphalie
114. rhenaniedunordwestphalie
115. lasaxe
116. sachsen
117. sajonia
118. sajónia
119. saksen
120. saksimaa
121. saksio
122. saksonia
123. saksonijos
124. saška
125. saska
126. sasko
127. sassonia
128. saxe
129. saxonia
130. saxónia
131. szászország
132. szaszorszag
133. Σαξωνία
134. саксония
135. freistaat-sachsen
136. sorben
137. serbja
138. Sorben-Wenden
139. Wenden
140. lausitzer-sorben
141. domowina
GREECE
1. Grecia
2. Graekenland
3. Griechenland
4. Hellas
5. Greece
6. Grece
7. Grecia
8. Griekenland
9. Grecia
10. Kreikka
11. Grekland
12. Recko
13. Kreeka
14. Graecia
15. Graikija
16. Gorogorszag
17. Grecja
18. Grecja
19. Grecko
20. Grcija
HUNGARY
1. magyarkoztarsasag
2. republicofhungary
3. republiquedehongrie
4. republikungarn
5. republicadehungria
6. repubblicadiungheria
7. republicadahungria
8. ungerskarepubliken
9. unkarintasavalta
10. denungarskerepublik
11. derepublikhongarije
12. republikawegierska
13. ungarivabariik
14. ungarijasrepublika
15. vengrijosrespublika
16. magyarorszag
17. hungary
18. hongrie
19. ungarn
20. hungria
21. ungheria
22. ungern
23. unkari
24. hongarije
25. wegry
26. madarsko
27. ungari
28. ungarija
29. vengrija
30. magyarköztársaság
31. magyarország
32. madarskarepublika
33. republikamadzarska
34. madzarsko
35. ουγγαρια
36. ουγρικιδεμοκρατια
37. nyugatdunántúl
38. középdunántúl
39. déldunántúl
40. középmagyarország
41. északmagyarország
42. északalföld
43. délalföld
44. nyugatdunantul
45. kozepdunantul
46. deldunantul
47. kozepmagyarorszag
48. eszakmagyarorszag
49. eszakalfold
50. delalfold
IRELAND
1. irlanda
2. irsko
3. irland
4. iirimaa
5. ireland
6. irlande
7. irlanda
8. Īrija
9. Airija
10. Írország
11. L-Irlanda
12. iρλανδία
13. ierland
14. irlandia
15. Írsko
16. irska
17. irlanti
18. irland
19. .irlande
20. Ιρλανδία
21. irlande
22. republicofireland
23. eire
ITALY
1. Repubblica-Italiana
2. RepubblicaItaliana
3. Italia
4. Italy
5. Italian
6. Italien
7. Italija
8. Itália
9. Italië
10. Italien
11. Itálie
12. Italie
13. Olaszország
14. Itālija
15. Włochy
16. Ιταλία
17. Italja
18. Taliansko
19. Itaalia
20. Abruzzo
21. Basilicata
22. Calabria
23. Campania
24. Emilia-Romagna
25. Friuli-VeneziaGiulia
26. Lazio
27. Liguria
28. Lombardia
29. Marche
30. Molise
31. Piemonte
32. Puglia
33. Sardegna
34. Sicilia
35. Toscana
36. Trentino-AltoAdige
37. Umbria
38. Valled'Aosta
39. Veneto
LATVIA
1. Λετονία
2. Lettorszag
3. Latvja
4. Letland
5. Lotwa
6. Letonia
7. Lotyssko
8. Latvija
9. Lettland
10. Latvia
11. Lotyssko
12. Letland
13. Lettland
14. Lati
15. Letonia
16. Lettonie
17. Lettonia
18. Republicoflatvia
19. Latvijskajarespublika
LITHUANIA
1. lietuva
2. leedu
3. liettua
4. litauen
5. lithouania
6. lithuania
7. litouwen
8. lituania
9. lituanie
10. litva
11. litván
12. litvania
13. litvanya
14. litwa
15. litwanja
16. liettuan
17. litevská
18. lietuvas
19. litwy
20. litovska
21. aukstaitija
22. zemaitija
23. dzukija
24. suvalkija
25. suduva
26. lietuvos-respublika
27. lietuvos_respublika
28. lietuvosrespublika
29. republic-of-lithuania
30. republic_of_lithuania
31. republiclithuania
32. republicoflithuania
33. republique-de-lituanie
34. republique_de_lituanie
35. republiquelituanie
36. republiquedelituanie
37. republica-de-lituania
38. republica_de_lituania
39. republicalituania
40. republicadelituania
41. litovskajarespublika
42. litovskaja-respublika
43. litovskaja_respublika
44. litauensrepublik
45. litauens-republik
46. litauens_republic
47. republiklitauen
48. republik-litauen
49. republic_litauen
50. δημοκρατιατησλιθουανιας
51. δημοκρατια-της-λιθουανιας
52. δημοκρατια_της_λιθουανιας
53. δημοκρατίατηςΛιθουανίας
54. δημοκρατία-της-Λιθουανίας
55. δημοκρατία_της_Λιθουανίας
56. repubblicadilituania
57. repubblica-di-lituania
58. repubblica_di_lituania
59. republieklitouwen
60. republiek-litouwen
61. republiek_litouwen
62. republicadalituania
63. republica-da-lituania
64. republica_da_lituania
65. liettuantasavalta
66. liettuan-tasavalta
67. liettuan_tasavalta
68. republikenLitauen
69. republiken-litauen
70. republiken_litauen
71. litevskárepublika
72. litevská-republika
73. litevská_republika
74. leeduvabariik
75. leedu-vabariik
76. leedu_vabariik
77. lietuvasrepublika
78. lietuvas-republika
79. lietuvas_republika
80. litvánköztársaság
81. litván-köztársaság
82. litván_köztársaság
83. repubblikatallitwanja
84. repubblika-tal-litwanja
85. repubblika_tal_litwanja
86. republikalitwy
87. republika-litwy
88. republika_litwy
89. litovskarepublika
90. litovska-republika
91. litovska_republika
92. republikalitva
93. republika-litva
94. republika_litva
LUXEMBOURG
1. luxembourg
2. luxemburg
3. letzebuerg
MALTA
1. malta
2. malte
3. melita
4. republicofmalta
5. republic-of-malta
6. therepublicofmalta
7. the-republic-of-malta
8. repubblikatamalta
9. repubblika-ta-malta
10. maltarepublic
11. maltarepubblika
12. gozo
13. ghawdex
NETHERLANDS
1. nederland
2. holland
3. thenetherlands
4. netherlands
5. lespaysbas
6. hollande
7. dieniederlande
8. lospaisesbajos
9. holanda
POLAND
1. rzeczpospolitapolska
2. rzeczpospolita_polska
3. rzeczpospolita-polska
4. polska
5. polonia
6. lenkija
7. poland
8. polen
9. pologne
10. polsko
11. poola
12. puola
PORTUGAL
1. republicaportuguesa
2. portugal
3. portugália
4. portugalia
5. portugali
6. portugalska
7. portugalsko
8. portogallo
9. portugalija
10. portekiz
11. πορτογαλία
12. portugāle
13. aveiro
14. beja
15. braga
16. bragança
17. castelobranco
18. coimbra
19. evora
20. faro
21. guarda
22. leiria
23. lisboa
24. portalegre
25. porto
26. santarem
27. setubal
28. vianadocastelo
29. viseu
30. vilareal
31. madeira
32. açores
33. alentejo
34. algarve
35. altoalentejo
36. baixoalentejo
37. beiraalta
38. beirabaixa
39. beirainterior
40. beiralitoral
41. beiratransmontana
42. douro
43. dourolitoral
44. entredouroeminho
45. estremadura
46. minho
47. ribatejo
48. tras-os-montes-e-alto-douro
49. acores
SLOVAKIA
1. slowakische-republik
2. republique-slovaque
3. slovakiki-dimokratia
4. slovenska-republika
5. slovakiske-republik
6. slovaki-vabariik
7. slovakian-tasavalta
8. slovakikidimokratia
9. slovakiki-dimokratia
10. szlovak-koztarsasag
11. slovak-republic
12. repubblica-slovacca
13. slovakijas-republika
14. slovakijos-respublika
15. repubblika-slovakka
16. slowaakse-republiek
17. republika-slowacka
18. republica-eslovaca
19. slovaska-republika
20. republica-eslovaca
21. slovakiska-republiken
22. σλοßακικη-δημοκρατια
23. slowakischerepublik
24. republiqueslovaque
25. slovenskarepublika
26. slovakiskerepublik
27. slovakivabariik
28. slovakiantasavalta
29. szlovakkoztarsasag
30. slovakrepublic
31. repubblicaslovacca
32. slovakijasrepublika
33. slovakijosrespublika
34. repubblikaslovakka
35. slowaakserepubliek
36. republikaslowacka
37. republicaeslovaca
38. slovaskarepublika
39. republicaeslovaca
40. slovakiskarepubliken
41. σλοßακικηδημοκρατια
42. slowakei
43. slovaquie
44. slovakia
45. slovensko
46. slovakiet
47. slovakkia
48. szlovakia
49. slovacchia
50. slovakija
51. slowakije
52. slowacija
53. eslovaquia
54. slovaska
55. σλοßακικη
56. slovakien
57. république-slovaque
58. slovenská-republika
59. szlovák-köztársaság
60. slovākijos-respublika
61. republika-słowacka
62. república-eslovaca
63. slovaška-republika
64. slovačka-republika
65. lýdveldid-slovakia
66. républiqueslovaque
67. slovenskárepublika
68. szlovákköztársaság
69. slovākijosrespublika
70. republikasłowacka
71. repúblicaeslovaca
72. slovaškarepublika
73. slovačkarepublika
74. lýdveldidslovakia
75. szlovákia
76. slovākija
77. słowacija
78. slovaška
79. slovačka
SLOVENIA
1. slovenija
2. slovenia
3. slowenien
4. slovenie
5. la-slovenie
6. laslovenie
7. eslovenia
8. republikaslovenija
9. republika-slovenija
10. republicofslovenia
11. republic-of-slovenia
12. szlovenia
13. szlovenkoztarsasag
14. szloven-koztarsasag
15. repubblicadislovenia
16. repubblica-di-slovenia
SPAIN
1. españa
2. reinodeespana
3. reino-de-espana
4. espagne
5. espana
6. espanha
7. espanja
8. espanya
9. hispaania
10. hiszpania
11. ispanija
12. spagna
13. spain
14. spanielsko
15. spanien
16. spanija
17. spanje
18. reinodeespaña
19. reino-de-españa
20. španielsko
21. spānija
22. španija
23. španiělsko
24. espainia
25. ispania
26. ισπανια
27. andalucia
28. andalucía
29. andalousie
30. andalusia
31. andalusien
32. juntadeandalucia
33. juntadeandalucía
34. aragon
35. aragón
36. gobiernodearagon
37. gobiernoaragón
38. principadodeasturias
39. principaudasturies
40. asturias
41. asturies
42. illesbalears
43. islasbaleares
44. canarias
45. gobiernodecanarias
46. canaryisland
47. kanarischeinseln
48. cantabria
49. gobiernodecantabria
50. castillalamancha
51. castilla-lamancha
52. castillayleon
53. castillayleón
54. juntadecastillayleon
55. juntadecastillayleón
56. generalitatdecatalunya
57. generalitatdecataluña
58. catalunya
59. cataluña
60. katalonien
61. catalonia
62. catalogna
63. catalogne
64. cataloniě
65. katalonias
66. catalunha
67. kataloniens
68. katalonian
69. catalonië
70. extremadura
71. comunidadautonomadeextremadura
72. comunidadautónomadeextremadura
73. xuntadegalicia
74. comunidadautonomadegalicia
75. comunidaautónomadegalicia
76. comunidadeautonomadegalicia
77. comunidadeautónomadegalicia
78. larioja
79. gobiernodelarioja
80. comunidadmadrid
81. madridregion
82. regionmadrid
83. madrid
84. murciaregion
85. murciaregión
86. murciaregione
87. murciaregiao
88. regiondemurcia
89. regióndemurcia
90. regionofmurcia
91. regionvonmurcia
92. regionedimurcia
93. regiaodomurcia
94. navarra
95. nafarroa
96. navarre
97. navarracomunidadforal
98. nafarroaforukomunitatea
99. nafarroaforuerkidegoa
100. communauteforaledenavarre
101. communautéforaledenavarre
102. foralcommunityofnavarra
103. paisvasco
104. paísvasco
105. euskadi
106. euskalherria
107. paisbasc
108. basquecountry
109. paysbasque
110. paesebasco
111. baskenland
112. paisbasco
113. χώρατωνβάσκων
114. gobiernovasco
115. euskojaurlaritza
116. governbasc
117. basquegovernment
118. gouvernementbasque
119. governobasco
120. baskischeregierung
121. baskitschebestuur
122. κυβέρνησητωνβάσκων
123. comunidad-valenciana
124. comunidadvalenciana
125. comunitat-valenciana
126. comunitatvalenciana
127. ceuta
128. gobiernoceuta
129. melilla
130. gobiernomelilla
SWEDEN
1. suecia
2. reinodesuecia
3. sverige
4. kongerietsverige
5. schweden
6. königreichschweden
7. konigreichschweden
8. σουηδία
9. ΒασίλειοτηςΣουηδίας
10. sweden
11. kingdomofsweden
12. suède
13. suede
14. royaumedesuède
15. royaumedesuede
16. svezia
17. regnodisvezia
18. zweden
19. koninkrijkzweden
20. suécia
21. reinodasuécia
22. reinodasuecia
23. ruotsi
24. ruotsinkuningaskunta
25. konungariketsverige
26. švédsko
27. rootsi
28. svedija
29. svédorszag
30. svedorszag
31. l-isvezja
32. szweja
33. švedska
34. svedska
UNITED KINGDOM
1. unitedkingdom
2. united-kingdom
3. united_kingdom
4. greatbritain
5. great-britain
6. great_britain
7. britain
8. cymru
9. england
10. northernireland
11. northern-ireland
12. northern_ireland
13. scotland
14. wales
2. List of names per country and the countries that can reserve them
BULGARIA
1. българия
2. bulgaria
3. bulharsko
4. bulgarien
5. bulgaaria
6. βουλγαρία
7. bulgarie
8. bulgarija
9. bulgarije
10. bolgarija
11. republicofbulgaria
12. the-republic-of-bulgaria
13. the_republic_of_bulgaria
14. republic-of-bulgaria
15. republic_of_bulgaria
16. republicbulgaria
17. republic-bulgaria
18. republic_bulgaria
19. repubblicadibulgaria
20. repubblica-di-bulgaria
21. repubblica_di_bulgaria
22. repubblicabulgaria
23. repubblica-bulgaria
24. repubblica_bulgaria
25. republikbulgarien
26. republik-bulgarien
27. republik_bulgarien
28. bulgaariavabariik
29. bulgaaria-vabariik
30. bulgaaria_vabariik
31. δημοκρατιατησβουλγαριας
32. δημοκρατια-της-βουλγαριας
33. δημοκρατια_της_βουλγαριας
34. republiekbulgarije
35. republiek-bulgarije
36. republiek_bulgarije
37. republikabolgarija
38. republika-bolgarija
39. republika_bolgarija
40. republikabulgaria
41. republika-bulgaria
42. republika_bulgaria
43. bulharskarepublica
44. bulharska-republica
45. bulharska_republica
46. republiquebulgarie
47. republique-bulgarie
48. republique_bulgarie
49. republicabulgarija
50. republica-bulgārija
51. republica_bulgārija
52. repúblikabulgária
53. repúblika-bulgária
54. repúblika_bulgária
55. repúblicabulgaria
56. república-bulgaria
57. república_bulgaria
58. bulgarja
59. bălgarija
60. bulgariantasavalta
61. bulgarian-tasavalta
62. bulgarian_tasavalta
63. republikenbulgarien
64. republiken-bulgarien
65. republiken_bulgarien
66. repulicabulgaria
67. repulica-bulgaria
68. repulica_bulgaria
69. köztársaságbulgária
70. köztársaság-bulgária
71. köztársaság_bulgária
CROATIA
1. croatia
2. kroatia
3. kroatien
4. kroatien
5. croazia
6. kroatien
7. croacia
8. croatie
9. horvátország
10. horvatorszag
11. kroatië
12. kroatie
13. chorwacja
14. κροατία
15. chorvatsko
16. charvátsko
17. horvaatia
18. kroaatia
19. croácia
20. croacia
21. horvātija
22. horvatija
23. kroatija
24. kroazja
25. chorvátsko
26. chrovatsko
27. hrvaška
28. hrvaska
ICELAND
1. arepublicadeislândia
2. deijslandrepubliek
3. deijslandrepubliek
4. derepubliekvanijsland
5. derepubliekvanijsland
6. iceland
7. icelandrepublic
8. iepublikaislande
9. ijsland
10. island
11. islanda
12. islande
13. islandia
14. islândia
15. islandica
16. islandrepublik
17. islandskylisejnik
18. islannintasavalta
19. islanti
20. izland
21. ísland
22. íslenskalýðveldið
23. köztársaságizland
24. larepubblicadiislanda
25. larepúblicadeislandia
26. larépubliquedislande
27. lislande
28. lýðveldiðísland
29. puklerkaislandska
30. rahvavabariikisland
31. repubblicadiislanda
32. repubblikataisland
33. republicoficeland
34. republikaisland
35. republikaislandia
36. republikavisland
37. republikkenisland
38. republikvonisland
39. repúblicadeislandia
40. repúblicadeislândia
41. républiquedislande
42. ΔημοκρατίατηςΙσλανδίας
43. Ισλανδία
LIECHTENSTEIN
1. fyrstendømmetliechtenstein
2. fürstentumliechtenstein
3. principalityofliechtenstein
4. liechtensteinivürstiriiki
5. liechtensteininruhtinaskunta
6. principautédeliechtenstein
7. πριγκιπάτοτουλιχτενστάιν
8. furstadæmisinsliechtensteins
9. principatodelliechtenstein
10. lichtenšteinokunigaikštystė
11. lihtenšteinasfirstiste
12. prinċipalitàtal-liechtenstein
13. vorstendomliechtenstein
14. fyrstedømmetliechtenstein
15. księstwoliechtenstein
16. principadodoliechtenstein
17. furstendömetliechtenstein
18. lichtenštajnskékniežatstvo
19. kneževinolihtenštajn
20. principadodeliechtenstein
21. lichtenštejnskéknížectví
22. lichtensteinihercegség
NORWAY
1. norge
2. noreg
3. norway
4. norwegen
5. norvege
6. norvège
7. noruega
8. norvegia
9. norvégia
10. norsko
11. nórsko
12. norra
13. norja
14. norvegija
15. norvēģija
16. noorwegen
17. Νορßηγία
18. norvegja
19. norveġja
20. norveska
21. norveška
22. norwegia
23. norga
ROMANIA
1. românia
2. romania
3. roumanie
4. rumänien
5. rumanien
6. rumanía
7. rumænien
8. roménia
9. romênia
10. romenia
11. rumunia
12. rumunsko
13. romunija
14. rumãnija
15. rumunija
16. rumeenia
17. ρουμανία
18. románia
19. rumanija
20. roemenië
TURKEY
1. turkiye
2. türkiye
3. turkiyecumhuriyeti
4. türkiyecumhuriyeti
( 1 ) OJ L 113, 30.4.2002, p. 1.
( 2 ) OJ L 128, 24.5.2003, p. 29.
( 3 ) OJ L 108, 24.4.2002, p. 33.