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| COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS For a European Industrial Renaissance /* COM/2014/014 final */ | SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ Za oživitev evropske industrije /* COM/2014/014 final - 2014/ () */ |
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| COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS | SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU
PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ |
| For a European Industrial Renaissance | Za oživitev evropske industrije |
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 1.
UVOD |
| The
European Union is emerging from its longest-ever recession. EU28 GDP grew by
0.2% in the third quarter of 2013. The upturn in business sentiment and
confidence indicators suggests that structural reforms, macroeconomic
governance improvements and measures in the financial sector have succeeded in
stabilising Europe’s economy. The EU is on the right track, but the recovery
remains modest, with Commission forecasts of 1.4% GDP growth for the EU28 in
2014 and unemployment rates close to 11% for the next two years. That is why fostering
growth and competitiveness to sustain and strengthen recovery and to achieve
the goals of the Europe 2020 agenda have become the top priority for the
Commission and EU Member States. | Evropska unija se
izvija iz svoje najdaljše recesije. BDP EU28 se je v tretji četrtini
leta 2013 povečal za 0,2 %. Pozitivni preobrat kazalnika
gospodarskega razpoloženja in zaupanja kaže, da so strukturne reforme,
izboljšave makroekonomskega upravljanja in ukrepi v finančnem sektorju uspešno
stabilizirali evropsko gospodarstvo. Čeprav je EU na pravi poti, ostaja
oživitev skromna, saj Komisija napoveduje 1,4-odstotno rast BDP za EU28
leta 2014 in 11-odstotno stopnjo brezposelnosti za naslednji dve leti.
Zato je najpomembnejša prednostna naloga Komisije in držav članic EU spodbujanje
rasti in konkurenčnosti za ohranitev in okrepitev oživljanja ter doseganje
ciljev strategije Evropa 2020. |
| The
crisis has underlined the importance of the real economy and a strong industry.
Industry’s interactions with the rest of Europe’s economic fabric extend far
beyond manufacturing, spanning upstream to raw materials and energy and
downstream to business services (e.g. logistics), consumer services (e.g.
after-sales services for durable goods) or tourism. Industrial activities are
integrated in increasingly rich and complex value chains, linking flagship
corporations and small or medium enterprises (SMEs) across sectors and
countries. | Kriza je
poudarila pomembnost realnega gospodarstva in močne industrije. Sodelovanje
industrije s preostalo evropsko gospodarsko strukturo zajema veliko več kot le
proizvodnjo, saj vključuje tudi surovine in energijo višje v prodajni verigi
ter poslovne storitve (na primer logistiko), storitve za potrošnike (na primer
storitve po prodaji za obstojno blago) ali turizem nižje v prodajni verigi.
Industrijske dejavnosti so vključene v vse bogatejše in kompleksne vrednostne
verige, ki povezujejo vodilne korporacije ter mala in srednje velika podjetja
(v nadaljnjem besedilu: MSP) po sektorjih in državah. |
| The
economic importance of industrial activities is much greater than
suggested by the share of manufacturing in GDP. Industry accounts for over 80%
of Europe’s exports and 80% of private research and innovation. Nearly one in
four private sector jobs is in industry, often highly skilled, while each
additional job in manufacturing creates 0.5-2 jobs in other sectors.[1] The
Commission considers that a strong industrial base will be of key importance
for Europe’s economic recovery and competitiveness. | Gospodarska
pomembnost industrijskih dejavnosti je veliko
večja, kot je izraženo v deležu proizvodnje v BDP. Industrija predstavlja več
kot 80 % evropskega izvoza ter 80 % zasebnih raziskav in inovacij.
Skoraj eno od štirih delovnih mest v zasebnem sektorju je v industriji, s
pogosto visoko usposobljenimi delavci, medtem ko vsako dodatno delovno mesto v
proizvodnji ustvari od 0,5 do 2 delovni mesti v drugih sektorjih[1]. Komisija
meni, da bo močna industrijska baza ključnega pomena za oživitev evropskega
gospodarstva in konkurenčnosti. |
| Overall,
EU industry has proved its resilience in the face of the economic crisis. It
is a world leader in sustainability and returns a EUR 365 billion surplus in
the trade of manufactured products (EUR 1 billion a day),[2]
generated mainly by a few high- and medium-technology sectors. They include the
automotive, machinery and equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, aeronautics,
space and creative industries sectors, and high-end goods in many other sectors,
including food. | Na
splošno je industrija EU dokazala svojo prožnost glede gospodarske krize. Je
vodilna svetovna sila v trajnosti in ima 365 milijard EUR presežka v
trgovini proizvedenih izdelkov (1 milijardo EUR na dan)[2], ki je
ustvarjen predvsem v nekaj visokotehnoloških in srednjetehnoloških sektorjih.
Ti vključujejo avtomobilski sektor, sektor strojev in opreme, farmacevtski,
kemični, aeronavtični, vesoljski in ustvarjalni industrijski sektor ter
vrhunsko blago v različnih drugih sektorjih, vključno z živilskim sektorjem. |
| Nonetheless,
the legacy of the crisis is severe: since 2008, 3.5 million jobs have been lost
in manufacturing; the share of manufacturing in GDP has fallen from 15.4 %
to 15.1 % in the last year[3];
and the EU’s productivity performance continues deteriorating in comparison to
that of our competitors. | Vendar je
zapuščina krize slaba: od leta 2008 je bilo izgubljenih 3,5 milijona
delovnih mest, delež proizvodnje v BDP pa se je zmanjšal s 15,4 % na 15,1 %
v zadnjem letu[3];
v primerjavi z našimi konkurenti pa se produktivnost EU še naprej slabša. |
| Two
recent Commission reports[4]
have identified a number of weaknesses hampering growth. Internal demand
remains weak, undermining European companies’ home markets and keeping intra-EU
trade subdued after the crisis. The business environment has improved in
the EU overall but progress remains uneven. Inflexible administrative and
regulatory environments, rigidities in some labour markets and weak integration
in the internal market continue to hold back the growth potential of firms,
especially SMEs. Investment in research and innovation remains too low,
holding back the necessary modernisation of our industrial base and hampering
future EU competitiveness. EU firms face higher energy prices than most
of our leading competitors,[5]
and have difficulties to access basic inputs such as raw materials,
qualified labour and capital in affordable conditions. | V zadnjih dveh
poročilih Komisije[4]
so opredeljene številne slabosti, ki ovirajo rast. Povpraševanje na
domačem trgu ostaja majhno in ogroža domače trge evropskih podjetij ter
ovira trgovino znotraj EU po krizi. Poslovno okolje se je v celotni EU
izboljšalo, vendar napredek ostaja neenakomeren. Togo upravno in regulativno
okolje, okorelost na nekaterih trgih dela in slabo povezovanje na notranjem
trgu še naprej ovirajo potencialno rast podjetij, zlasti MSP. Naložbe v
raziskave in inovacije ostajajo prenizke in ovirajo potrebno modernizacijo
naše industrijske baze ter prihodnjo konkurenčnost EU. Evropska podjetja se
soočajo z višjimi cenami energije kot večina naših vodilnih konkurentov[5] in
imajo težave z dostopanjem do osnovnih vložkov, kot so surovine,
kvalificirana delovna sila in kapital pod ugodnimi pogoji. |
| Against
this background, the Commission has been pursuing an integrated industrial
policy approach as outlined in the Industrial Policy Communications of 2010 and
2012[6] and
has issued growth-enhancing recommendations to Member States in the context of
the European Semester. Full implementation of this policy approach at
European and national levels is critical to ensure our future competitiveness
and to increase our growth potential. To be effective, policy actions must be
well co-ordinated and consistent from regional to the EU-level. | Na podlagi tega
je Komisija izbrala pristop celostne industrijske politike, kot je opisano v
sporočilih o industrijski politiki za leti 2010 in 2012[6], ter v
okviru evropskega semestra izdala državam članicam priporočila za povečanje
rasti. Popolno izvajanje tega pristopa politike na evropski in
nacionalni ravni je kritično za zagotovitev naše prihodnje konkurenčnosti in za
povečanje našega potenciala rasti. Za učinkovitost morajo biti politični ukrepi
dobro usklajeni in skladni na regionalni in evropski ravni. |
| As
a contribution to the European Council debate on industrial policy, this
Communication sets out the Commission’s key priorities for industrial policy. It
draws on the Annual Growth Survey, provides an overview of actions already
undertaken and puts forward selected new actions to speed up the attainment of
these priorities. It shows that industrial policy and other EU policies are
getting gradually more and more integrated as indicated in the flagship
industrial policy communication in 2010 and why this mainstreaming process must
continue. Most importantly, this communication stresses the importance of full
and effective implementation of industrial policy in the EU and aims to
facilitate this. | Kot prispevek k
razpravi Evropskega sveta o industrijski politiki to sporočilo določa
ključne prednosti Komisije za industrijsko politiko. Izhaja iz letnega
pregleda rasti, zagotavlja pregled že opravljenih ukrepov in predstavlja
izbrane nove ukrepe, da se pospeši pridobitev teh prednosti. Kaže, da so
industrijska politika in druge politike EU postopno vedno bolj povezane, kot je
navedeno v vodilnem sporočilu o industrijski politiki iz leta 2010, in
navaja razloge za nadaljevanje postopka vključevanja. Namen tega sporočila je
predvsem poudariti pomen celostnega in učinkovitega izvajanja industrijske
politike v EU ter pomagati pri tem izvajanju. |
| In
this process of implementation of reforms to improve competitiveness, Member
States will play a capital role. The development of new instruments such as the
“Partnerships for Growth, Jobs and Competitiveness”, can be very helpful to
improve effectiveness in the implementation of those reforms.[7] | V tem postopku
izvajanja reform za izboljšanje konkurenčnosti bodo imele države članice glavno
vlogo. Razvoj novih instrumentov, kot so na primer „partnerstva za rast,
delovna mesta in konkurenčnost“, lahko izboljša učinkovitost izvajanja teh
reform[7]. |
| 2.
AN INTEGRATED, SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET: CREATING AN ATTRACTIVE PLACE FOR
ENTERPRISES AND PRODUCTION | 2.
CELOSTNI, ENOTNI EVROPSKI TRG: USTVARJANJE PRIVLAČNEGA OKOLJA ZA PODJETJA IN
PROIZVODNJO |
| The
internal market remains the centrepiece of the EU’s economic success. In the
mid-1980s, the internal market changed the outlook for the European economy and
after the crisis, the internal market can once again play this role to
revitalise the EU economy making the EU a more attractive location for the
production of goods and services. | Notranji trg
ostaja središčna točka evropskega gospodarskega uspeha. V sredini osemdesetih let
prejšnjega stoletja je notranji trg spremenil možnosti za evropsko gospodarstvo
in po krizi lahko ponovno igra to vlogo, da se ponovno oživi evropsko
gospodarstvo in tako EU postane bolj privlačna lokacija za proizvodnjo blaga in
storitve. |
| The
internal market provides EU companies with a large home market, facilitates
productivity improvements by reducing input costs, allowing efficient business
processes and increases returns on innovation. But the internal market still
has significant potential for growth and further simplification of internal
market rules can further improve economic efficiency. Deepening the internal market
can bring about faster technological change. Integrating EU firms more firmly
into regional and global value chains is key for productivity gains.
Well-designed, timely European standards will accelerate the diffusion of
innovations and EU reforms in the field of intellectual property rights will
also encourage creativity and innovation. But releasing the full potential of
the internal market requires better integration of infrastructure networks,
better implementation and simplification of rules for goods and services, and a
predictable, stable regulatory framework, combined with modern, efficient
public administration. | Notranji trg
zagotavlja podjetjem EU velik domač trg, z zmanjšanjem stroškov vložkov
izboljša produktivnost, omogoča učinkovite poslovne postopke in povečuje donos
inovacij. Vendar ima notranji trg še vedno znatni potencial za rast, nadaljnja
poenostavitev pravil notranjega trga pa lahko še nadalje izboljša gospodarsko
učinkovitost. S poglabljanjem notranjega trga lahko pride do hitrejše
tehnološke spremembe. Vključevanje podjetij EU v regionalne in svetovne
vrednostne verige je ključno za doseganje produktivnosti. Dobro oblikovani in
pravočasni evropski standardi bodo pospešili širjenje inovacij, prav tako bodo
reforme EU na področju pravic intelektualne lastnine spodbujale ustvarjalnost
in inovacije. Za doseganje celotnega potenciala notranjega trga so potrebni
boljša združitev infrastrukturnih omrežij, boljše izvajanje in poenostavitev
pravil za blago in storitve ter predvidljiv in stabilen regulativni okvir,
združen s sodobno in učinkovito javno upravo. |
| 2.1.
Completing the integration of networks: information networks, energy and
transport | 2.1.
Dokončanje združitve omrežij: informacijska omrežja, energija in prevoz |
| The
internal market cannot work seamlessly without an integrated infrastructure.
The Single Market Act II put forward four actions to foster the development of
maritime, air and rail transport, as well as an initiative to strengthen the
implementation and enforcement of the Third Energy Package to liberalise and
integrate European energy markets. Early in 2013, the Commission proposed the
Fourth Railway Package to make it easier for rail operators to enter and
operate in the EU market.[8]
In the maritime sector, the Commission set out plans in July 2013 to ease
customs formalities for ships, reducing red tape, cutting delays in ports and
making the sector more competitive. The Commission is also taking steps to
enforce the Single European Sky obligations in Member States.[9] At
present, the adoption, full implementation and/or enforcement of these
initiatives are suffering delays. | Notranji trg ne
more delovati celovito brez celostne infrastrukture. Akt za enotni trg II
predlaga štiri ukrepe za pospeševanje razvoja pomorstva, zračnega in
železniškega prevoza, kot tudi pobudo za okrepitev izvajanja in uveljavljanje
tretjega energetskega svežnja, da se sprostijo in povežejo evropski trgi z
energijo. Na začetku leta 2013 je Komisija predlagala četrti železniški
sveženj, ki bi železniškim prevoznikom olajšal vstop in delovanje na trgu EU[8]. Za
pomorski sektor je Komisija julija 2013 oblikovala načrte, da se olajšajo
carinske formalnosti za ladje, skrajšajo upravni postopki, zmanjšajo zamude v
pristaniščih in da sektor postane bolj konkurenčen. Komisija je prav tako
začela uveljavljati obveznosti enotnega evropskega neba v državah članicah[9].
Trenutno nastajajo zamude pri sprejetju, celotnem izvajanju in/ali uveljavljanju
teh pobud. |
| The
development of an internal market for energy requires both full implementation
of the legislative framework by all Member States and integrated energy
networks, which should promote competition within the internal market and
reduce energy costs for European companies. Significant investments are
required to modernise Europe’s energy infrastructure to connect energy
‘islands’, enabling flows of energy within the internal market, and enabling EU
industry to benefit from more security of supply and lower prices.[10] | Za razvoj
notranjega trga za energijo sta potrebna celotno izvajanje pravnega okvira vseh
držav članic in združitev energetskih omrežij, kar bi moralo spodbujati
konkurenco na notranjem trgu in zmanjšati stroške energije za evropska
podjetja. Za posodobitev evropske energetske infrastrukture za povezovanje
energetskih „otokov“, omogočanje pretokov energije na notranjem trgu in
omogočanje industriji EU koriščenje večje zanesljivosti oskrbe in nižjih cen so
potrebne znatne naložbe[10]. |
| EU
infrastructure must respond to social demands and accommodate technological
change. The emergence of clean vehicles and waterborne vessels
is a key challenge for EU industry as it tries to maintain its competitive
edge. Such development depends both on the supply of new technology and on the
installation of the necessary infrastructure for users. The adoption of the
proposed Directive[11]
on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure will mandate Member
States for a minimum coverage of alternative fuel infrastructure, including
electric recharging stations with common interface standards. | Infrastruktura
EU mora odgovarjati družbenemu povpraševanju in ustrezati tehnološkim
spremembam. Pojav čistih vozil in vodnih plovil je ključni
izziv za industrijo EU, ki želi ohraniti svojo konkurenčnost. Takšen razvoj je
odvisen od dobave nove tehnologije in instalacije infrastrukture za uporabnike.
Sprejetje predlagane direktive[11]
o vzpostavitvi infrastrukture za alternativna goriva bo od držav članic
zahtevalo minimalno kritje infrastrukture alternativnih goriv, vključno s
postajami za električno napajanje s skupnimi standardi vmesnika. |
| The
Commission calls on the Council and the European Parliament to adopt this proposal
early in 2014. | Komisija
poziva Svet in Evropski parlament k sprejetju tega predloga v začetku
leta 2014. |
| As
stated in the conclusions of the October 2013 European Council, digital
products and services are very important for the upgrading of European
industry. To support the development of communication services, the Commission
proposed in September 2013 an ambitious programme towards a single market in
telecommunications that aims at promoting investment and taking steps to
further reduce regulatory fragmentation in the EU while promoting competition
in broadband provision. | Kot je navedeno
v sklepih Evropskega sveta iz oktobra 2013, so digitalni izdelki in
storitve zelo pomembni za nadgradnjo evropske industrije. Komisija je za
podporo razvoja komunikacijskih storitev septembra 2013 predlagala
ambiciozen program za enotni trg na področju telekomunikacij, katerega cilj je
spodbujanje naložb in sprejetje ukrepov za nadaljnje zmanjšanje regulativne
razdrobitve v EU ter hkrati spodbujanje konkurenčnosti pri širokopasovnih
določbah. |
| Beyond
infrastructure developments, the convergence of information and
communication technologies with energy and logistics networks is creating
new opportunities and challenges for industry. The challenge is to roll out
digitally enabled networks with the level of security and resilience required
to support the businesses in their operations. The impact of these changes is
starting to emerge and will provide market opportunities, notably for key
enabling technologies. The layout of intelligent networks will also require a
fit for purpose regulatory framework as well as the development of appropriate
interoperability standards. The EU, Member States, regions and industry have all
a role to play in fostering the digitalisation of business processes and in developing
the industrial dimension of the digital agenda. | Konvergenca informacijskih
in komunikacijskih tehnologij z energetskimi in logističnimi mrežami
ustvarja nove priložnosti in izzive za industrijo. Izziv je postopoma uvesti
digitalno usposobljena omrežja s stopnjo varnosti in prožnosti, ki je potrebna
za podporo podjetij pri njihovem delovanju. Vpliv teh sprememb se počasi kaže
in bo zagotovil tržne priložnosti, predvsem za ključne omogočitvene
tehnologije. Za ureditev inteligentnih omrežij bo prav tako potreben
regulativni okvir, ki bo ustrezal namenu, kot tudi razvoj ustreznih standardov interoperabilnosti.
EU, države članice, regije in industrija imajo vse vlogo pri spodbujanju
digitalizacije poslovnega postopka in razvijanju industrijske razsežnosti
digitalne agende. |
| Space
infrastructures and related industrial and service applications offer
the potential to enhance industrial competitiveness, generate growth and create
jobs. The EU has a substantial role to play in this domain, as the high cost of
space projects renders it more economical for Member States to pool investments
and jointly benefit from the opportunities arising from them. In cooperation
with the Member States and dedicated organisations and agencies (such as
European Space Agency and the European Agency for the Global Navigation
Satellite System (GSA), the Commission is completing the space infrastructures
of its flagship projects, Galileo and Copernicus, during the next multi-annual
financial planning framework. It will propose rules creating the technological
and regulatory conditions for their commercial exploitation. | Vesoljske
infrastrukture in povezane industrijske ter storitvene aplikacije
lahko omogočajo povečanje industrijske konkurenčnosti, ustvarjanje rasti in
delovnih mest. Na tem področju ima EU pomembno vlogo, saj lahko države članice
visoke stroške vesoljskih projektov pokrijejo bolj gospodarneje z združenimi
naložbami in skupaj koristijo priložnosti, ki izhajajo iz njih. V sodelovanju z
državami članicami ter sodelujočimi organizacijami in agencijami (na primer
Evropska vesoljska agencija in Evropska agencija za globalni satelitski
navigacijski sistem) Komisija z naslednjim večletnim okvirom finančnega
načrtovanja zaključuje vesoljske infrastrukture svojih vodilnih projektov
(Galileo in Copernicus). Predlagala bo pravila glede ustvarjanja tehnoloških in
regulativnih pogojev za njihovo komercialno uporabo. |
| As
a matter of priority, the Commission invites the Council and the Parliament to
adopt and implement the aforementioned measures and legislation on information,
energy, transport, space and communications networks in the EU, following the
proposals made by the Commission. | Komisija
poziva Svet in Parlament, da po njenih predlogih za prednostno nalogo sprejmeta
ter izvajata navedene ukrepe in zakonodajo glede informacijskih, energetskih,
prevoznih, vesoljskih in komunikacijskih omrežij v EU. |
| Delaying
the deployment of these infrastructures will hamper our future competitiveness.
As the current economic environment is not favourable for long-term investment,
the Commission will make further use of project bonds to facilitate the
financing of these infrastructure projects. | Odložitev
razporejanja te infrastrukture bo ovirala našo prihodnjo konkurenčnost. Ker
trenutno gospodarsko okolje ni ugodno za dolgoročne naložbe, bo Komisija za
lažje financiranje teh infrastrukturnih projektov še naprej uporabljala projektne
obveznice. |
| 2.2. An
open and integrated internal market in goods and services | 2.2. Odprt
in celosten notranji trg za blago in storitve |
| The
Commission provided new impetus to market integration across the EU through
Single Market Acts I and II and calls on the co-legislators to adopt the
proposals in these, especially on initiatives such as the market surveillance
and product safety package. | Komisija je z
aktoma za enotni trg I in II zagotovila nove možnosti za povezovanje trgov
po celotni EU in poziva sozakonodajalce k sprejetju njunih predlogov, zlasti
glede pobud, kot sta nadzor trga in sveženj o varnosti izdelkov. |
| The
Commission continues actively promoting a seamless market for goods. The Review
of the Internal Market for industrial goods has shown that the internal market
for industrial goods is fit for purpose[12]. Industry
has benefited from its development and intra-EU trade in manufactured goods has
increased over the years. | Komisija še
naprej dejavno spodbuja celostni trg za blago. Pregled notranjega trga za
industrijske izdelke je pokazal, da notranji trg za industrijske izdelke
ustreza namenu[12].
Njegov razvoj je koristil industriji, prav tako se je trgovina znotraj EU
proizvedenega blaga skozi leta povečala. |
| The
Single Market for Green Products initiative proposes a set of actions to
overcome problems in the free circulation of these products.[13]
However, unless Member States take further steps on implementing the current
framework, business will continue facing unnecessary higher costs and cost
differences that risk growing. The Commission will ensure that harmonisation is
enforced and will, first and foremost, concentrate on implementing and
enforcing the legislative framework in place and facilitate the
participation of SMEs in the internal market. | Pobuda glede
enotnega trga za ekološke proizvode predlaga različne ukrepe, s katerimi bi
premagali težave v prostem prometu teh izdelkov[13].
Dokler pa države članice ne sprejmejo nadaljnjih ukrepov za izvajanje
trenutnega okvira, se bo poslovanje soočalo z nepotrebnimi višjimi stroški in
razlikami v stroških, ki predstavljajo tveganje za rast. Komisija bo zagotovila
uveljavitev usklajevanja in se bo predvsem osredotočila na izvajanje in
izvrševanje veljavnega pravnega okvira ter omogočanje sodelovanja MSP na
notranjem trgu. |
| The
Communication “A vision for the internal market for industrial products”
presents actions to achieve a more integrated internal market based on
rationalising the existing regulatory framework. The Commission will consider
elaborating a legislative proposal on how to streamline and harmonise economic
sanctions of an administrative or civil nature for non-compliance with Union
harmonisation legislation to ensure equal treatment of all businesses
throughout the internal market for industrial products. To strengthen support
for SMEs in the internal market and further develop assistance for access to
finance, to improve their energy and resource efficiency and to increase the
innovation management capacity of SMEs, the Enterprise Europe Network will be
reinforced. | Sporočilo
o viziji glede notranjega trga za industrijske izdelke (A vision for the
internal market for industrial products) predstavlja ukrepe za doseganje bolj
povezanega notranjega trga, ki temelji na racionalizaciji obstoječega regulativnega
okvira. Komisija bo razmislila o oblikovanju zakonodajnega predloga glede
vključevanja in usklajevanja gospodarskih sankcij upravne ali civilne narave za
neskladnost z zakonodajo Unije o uskladitvi, da se zagotovi enaka obravnava
vseh podjetij na notranjem trgu za industrijske izdelke. Za okrepitev podpore
za MSP na notranjem trgu in nadaljnji razvoj pomoči za dostop do finančnih
sredstev, za izboljšanje njihove učinkovite rabe energije in virov ter
povečanje sposobnosti MSP za upravljanje inovacij se bo okrepila evropska
podjetniška mreža. |
| Industry
trades both goods and services. Full implementation of the Services Directive
remains important for Europe’s industrial competitiveness. There is a clear
imbalance between the level of integration in goods and services markets, and
for industry to be able to modernize effectively the functioning of the
internal market for services must be further improved.[14] | Industrija
trguje z blagom in storitvami. Celotno izvajanje direktive o storitvah pa
ostaja pomembno za industrijsko konkurenčnost Evrope. Povezovanje na trgu blaga
in na trgu storitev je jasno neuravnovešeno, za učinkovito posodobitev
industrije pa je treba delovanje notranjega trga za storitve dodatno
izboljšati[14]. |
| Much
has been achieved but Member States must still deliver reforms and improve
implementation of Internal Market rules in some areas. Already in its 2012
Communication[15],
the European Commission invited the Member States to make additional efforts
towards an ambitious implementation of the Services Directive. Full
implementation of the Services Directive would significantly improve the smooth
functioning of the internal market, in particular for small and medium sized
countries and for consumers. Enhancing competitiveness could lead to an
additional total economic gain of about 2.6% of the EU GDP. Progress is being
monitored in the European Semester and the Commission has established a
dialogue with Member States to achieve politically agreed targets. | Čeprav je bilo
doseženo že veliko, morajo države članice uresničiti reforme in izboljšati
izvajanje pravil notranjega trga na nekaterih področjih. Evropska komisija je
že v svojem sporočilu iz leta 2012[15] države
članice povabila, naj si še dodatno prizadevajo za ambiciozno izvajanje
direktive o storitvah. Celotno izvajanje direktive o storitvah bi znatno
izboljšalo nemoteno delovanje notranjega trga, zlasti za male in srednje velike
države ter potrošnike. Povečanje konkurenčnosti bi lahko vodilo k dodatni
skupni gospodarski rasti v višini 2,6 % GDP EU. Napredek se spremlja z
evropskim semestrom, za doseganje politično dogovorjenih ciljev pa je Komisija
vzpostavila dialog z državami članicami. |
| The
competitiveness of industry would benefit from a more integrated internal
market for services, particularly for business services that represent about
12% of EU value added. This is a good example of an area where the
mainstreaming of industrial competitiveness can contribute to increase the
overall competitiveness of the EU economy. Business services should be properly
taken into account in the design and implementation of industrial policy strategies.
Following the 2012 Industrial Policy Communication, the Commission set up in
the beginning of 2013 a High Level Group on Business Services. The Commission
will examine the need for further action when this group issues its
recommendations in March 2014. | Konkurenčnosti
industrije bi koristila boljša povezanost notranjega trga za storitve, zlasti
za poslovne storitve, ki predstavljajo približno 12 % dodane vrednosti EU.
To je dober primer področja, kjer lahko vključevanje industrijske
konkurenčnosti prispeva k povečanju skupne konkurenčnosti gospodarstva EU.
Poslovne storitve je treba ustrezno upoštevati pri oblikovanju in izvajanju
strategij industrijske politike. Po sporočilu o industrijski politiki
leta 2012 je Komisija na začetku leta 2013 oblikovala skupino na
visoki ravni za poslovne storitve. Komisija bo proučila potrebo po nadaljnjem
ukrepanju, ko bo ta skupina marca 2014 izdala svoja priporočila. |
| The
recently updated European Standardisation System will be closely
monitored in order to assess whether it needs to be further adapted to the
fast-changing environment so that it can continue to contribute to Europe’s
strategic objectives, in particular in the field of industrial policy, services,
innovation and technological development. | Nedavno
posodobljeni evropski standardizacijski sistem se bo natančno
spremljalo, da se oceni, ali ga je treba nadalje prilagoditi hitro
spreminjajočemu se okolju, da bo lahko še naprej prispeval k evropskim
strateškim ciljem, zlasti na področju industrijske politike, storitev, inovacij
in tehnološkega razvoja. |
| In
addition, effective standard setting and the protection of intellectual
property (which represents 50 % of total intangible assets in the EU) are
crucial for promoting innovation and the development of new technology areas.
The Commission will closely follow the ongoing debate about the use and role
of IPR in standards and assess whether it needs to address the issue in a
dedicated initiative. | Določanje
učinkovitih standardov in zaščita intelektualne lastnine (ki predstavlja 50 %
vsega nematerialnega premoženja v EU) sta ključnega pomena za spodbujanje
inovacij in razvoja novih tehnoloških področij. Komisija bo skrbno
spremljala trenutno razpravo o uporabi in vlogi sporočila o industrijski
politiki pri standardih in ocenila, ali mora vprašanje obravnavati v temu
namenjeni pobudi. |
| 2.3.
Business Environment, Regulatory Framework and Public Administration in the EU | 2.3.
Poslovno okolje, regulativni okvir in javna uprava v EU |
| The
EU’s competitive strength has always been built on a solid and predictable
institutional environment, quality infrastructure, a strong technological
knowledge base and a healthy and educated labour force. Europe has
traditionally ranked well as a place for business and industrial production,
but is now losing competitiveness as compared to other regions in the world.[16] | Konkurenčna moč
EU je vedno temeljila na trdnem in predvidljivem institucionalnem okolju,
kakovostni infrastrukturi, močni tehnološki bazi znanja ter zdravi in
izobraženi delovni sili. Evropa je bila tradicionalno dober kraj za poslovanje
in industrijsko proizvodnjo, vendar zdaj v primerjavi z drugimi regijami na svetu
izgublja svojo konkurenčnost[16]. |
| The
fact that the internal market (particularly in services) is not fully
integrated is an important factor holding back productivity gains. As a whole, Europe has not been sufficiently adaptable to changing circumstances. Administrative
burdens and regulatory complexity are being eliminated too slowly and unevenly
and some labour markets are not flexible enough. Following the financial
crisis, the legacy of deleveraging is further affecting business sentiment and
holding back further investment and fresh credit to business thereby hurting
the modernisation of EU industry. | Dejstvo, da
notranji trg (zlasti na področju storitev) ni v celoti povezan, je pomemben
dejavnik, ki ovira povečanje produktivnosti. Evropa se kot celota ni ustrezno
prilagodila spreminjajočim se okoliščinam. Upravna bremena in regulativna
zapletenost se odpravljajo prepočasi in neenakomerno, prav tako nekateri trgi
dela niso dovolj prilagodljivi. Po finančni krizi zapuščina zmanjšanja
finančnega vzvoda še naprej vpliva na gospodarsko razpoloženje, ovira nadaljnje
naložbe ter nove kredite v poslovanje in posledično ovira modernizacijo
industrije EU. |
| The
Commission monitors the EU’s competitiveness performance and business
environment on a regular basis, notably through the European Semester process
and the Member States’ Competitiveness Report under Article 173 of the TFEU.
Recent reports show signs of improvement as structural reforms start to have an
effect, but progress remains uneven across Member States. | Komisija redno
spremlja uspešnost konkurenčnosti EU in poslovnega okolja, predvsem s postopkom
evropskega semestra in poročilom o konkurenčnosti držav članic v skladu s
členom 173 PDEU. Nedavna poročila kažejo znake izboljšanja, saj so
strukturne reforme začele delovati, vendar ostaja napredek neenakomeren po
državah članicah. |
| From
2014, the ‘Report on Member States’ Competitiveness Performance and Policy’
under Article 173 TFEU will be strengthened to evaluate and clearly link
the impact of improvements in the business environment on the progress in
Member States’ actual competitiveness performance, and the scope of its annual
reports will be extended to monitor efforts at national level to mainstream
competitiveness aspects into other policy fields.[17] | Z letom 2014
bo „poročilo o uspešnosti konkurenčnosti in politikah držav članic“ v skladu
s členom 173 PDEU okrepljeno, da se oceni in jasno poveže vpliv
izboljšav v poslovnem okolju z napredkom dejavnosti uspešnosti konkurenčnosti
držav članic, področje uporabe njihovih letnih poročil pa bo razširjeno za
spremljanje prizadevanja na nacionalni ravni, da se vidiki konkurenčnosti vključijo
v vsa ustrezna politična področja[17]. |
| At
EU level, the Commission continues improving the quality of legislation and the
regulatory environment to make it fitter, more stable and predictable. The
implementation of the Regulatory Fitness and Performance Programme (REFIT)
and the follow-up to the Top 10 regulatory burdens (as perceived by business
organisations and stakeholders) will simplify EU legislation and reduce
regulatory burden on businesses. Competiveness Proofing has been fully
integrated into the Commission’s impact assessments for all major proposals
with significant effects on competitiveness. Studies on cumulative Cost
Assessments have been conducted in a number of sectors (steel, aluminium)
and will be performed in others (e.g. chemicals and forest-based industries) in
an effort to estimate ex-post the joint costs of different strands of national
and EU regulations on industrial sectors. A fitness check of legislation
in the oil-refining sector will be finalised in 2014. In the future, the
Commission will gradually undertake comprehensive reviews of the
competitiveness and regulatory frameworks in each of the main industrial value
chains, using fitness checks and cumulative cost assessments.[18] | Komisija
nadaljuje z izboljšanjem kakovosti zakonodaje in regulativnega okolja na ravni
EU, da bo bolj urejena, stabilna in predvidljiva. Izvajanje programa
ustreznosti in uspešnosti predpisov (REFIT) ter spremljanje desetih
največjih regulativnih bremen (kot jih zaznavajo poslovne organizacije in
deležniki) bo poenostavilo zakonodajo EU in zmanjšalo regulativna bremena za
podjetja. Preverjanje konkurenčnosti je bilo v celoti vključeno v oceno
učinka Komisije za vse večje predloge z znatnimi učinki na konkurenčnost.
Študije o ocenah kumulativnih stroškov so bile izvedene v številnih
sektorjih (jeklo, aluminij) in bodo izvedene še v drugih (na primer v sektorju
kemikalij in industrij, ki temeljijo na gozdarstvu), da se naknadno ocenijo
skupni stroški različnih področij nacionalnih in evropskih uredb v
industrijskih sektorjih. Preverjanje ustreznosti zakonodaje v sektorju
predelave nafte bo zaključeno leta 2014. Komisija bo v prihodnje postopno
izvajala celovite preglede konkurenčnosti in regulativnih okvirov v vsaki od
glavnih industrijskih vrednostnih verig in pri tem uporabila preverjanja
ustreznosti ter oceno kumulativnih stroškov[18]. |
| The
Commission calls on Member States to take comparable measures at national level
to help ensure that policy efforts increase competitiveness throughout the EU.
The Commission will monitor progress in this area. | Komisija
poziva države članice k sprejetju primerljivih ukrepov na nacionalni ravni, s
čimer bi pomagale zagotoviti, da bodo politična prizadevanja povečala
konkurenčnost po celotni EU. Komisija bo
spremljala napredek na tem področju. |
| There
are significant variations in the 28 Member States' public administration's
approach towards the private sector. To enable all Member States to tap into
the experiences of others, the Commission will present an initiative on
Growth-Friendly Public Administration, providing a comprehensive overview
of best practices in public administration available across the EU, in
particular with regard to e-government tools and public procurement. | Javne uprave v 28 državah
članicah za zasebni sektor uporabljajo zelo različne pristope. Da bodo vse
države članice lahko izkoristile izkušnje drugih, bo Komisija predstavila
pobudo za rasti prijazno javno upravo in zagotovila celovit pregled
najboljših praks v javnih upravah po EU, zlasti glede orodij e-uprave in javnih
naročil. |
| 3.
INDUSTRIAL MODERNISATION: INVESTING IN INNOVATION, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTION
INPUTS AND SKILLS | 3.
INDUSTRIJSKA MODERNIZACIJA: NALOŽBE V INOVACIJE, NOVE TEHNOLOGIJE, PROIZVODNI VLOŽKI
IN SPRETNOSTI |
| With
scarce natural and energy resources and ambitious social and environmental
goals, EU companies cannot compete on low price and low quality products. They
must turn to innovation, productivity, resource-efficiency and high value-added
to compete in global markets. Europe’s comparative advantage in the world
economy will continue to lie in high value-added goods and services, the
effective management of value chains and access to markets throughout the
world. Thus, innovation and technological advancement will remain the main
source of competitiveness for EU industry. For this reason, further efforts are
needed to achieve the Europe 2020 target of spending 3% of GDP on research and
development (R&D). | Z redkimi
naravnimi in energetskimi viri ter ambicioznimi socialnimi in okoljskimi cilji
podjetja EU ne morejo konkurirati z nizkocenovnimi in nekakovostnimi izdelki.
Če želijo konkurirati na svetovnih trgih, se morajo osredotočiti na inovacije,
produktivnost, učinkovito rabo virov in visoko dodano vrednost. Primerjalna
prednost Evrope v svetovnem gospodarstvu bodo še naprej blago in storitve z
visoko dodano vrednostjo, učinkovito upravljanje vrednostnih verig in dostop do
trgov po vsem svetu. Tako inovacije in tehnološki napredek ostajajo glavni vir
konkurenčnosti za industrijo EU. Zato so potrebna dodatna prizadevanja, da se
doseže cilj strategije Evropa 2020, in sicer poraba 3 % BDP za
raziskave in razvoj. |
| In
particular, digital technologies are at the heart of increases in productivity
of European industry. Their transformative power and growing impact across all
sectors is redefining traditional business and
production models and will result in a range of potential new product and
notably service innovations by industry (‘servitization of industry’). A digital transition is underway across the global
economy and industrial policy needs to integrate new technological
opportunities such as cloud computing, big data and data value chain
developments, new industrial applications of internet, smart factories,
robotics, 3-D printing and design. | V središču
povečanj v proizvodnji evropske industrije so zlasti digitalne tehnologije.
Njihova preobrazbena moč in vse večji vpliv v vseh sektorjih na novo opredeljujeta tradicionalno poslovanje in modele proizvodnje
ter bosta privedla do različnih možnih novih izdelkov, predvsem storitvenih
inovacij industrije in poslovnih storitev („storitvenost industrije“). Prehod na digitalno tehnologijo poteka po svetovnem
gospodarstvu, industrijska politika pa mora vključiti nove tehnološke
priložnosti, kot so računalništvo v oblaku, razvoj masovnih podatkov in
podatkovne vrednostne verige, nova industrijska uporaba interneta, pametne
tovarne, robotika, tridimenzionalno tiskanje in oblikovanje. |
| 3.1.
Stimulating investment in innovation and new technologies | 3.1.
Spodbujanje naložb v inovacije in nove tehnologije |
| Since
the onset of the economic crisis, dramatically reduced levels of investment in
innovation are a major concern for Europe’s industrial future. | Od začetka
gospodarske krize znatno znižane stopnje naložb v inovacije so razlog za veliko
zaskrbljenost glede prihodnosti evropske industrije. |
| The
Commission has put an increasing share of its policy, regulatory and financial
levers at the disposal of Member States, regions and industry to foster
investment in innovation. The Horizon 2020 Programme, in particular
through its industrial leadership pillar, will provide close to EUR 80 billion
for research and innovation. This includes support for key enabling
technologies that will redefine global value chains, enhance resource
efficiency and reshape the international division of labour. To facilitate the
commercialisation of research results, Horizon 2020 will also finance
closer-to-market prototypes and demonstration projects than hitherto. A key
element of the new Framework Programme is joining forces with the private
sector through public-private partnerships in key industrial domains, so
as to leverage further private investment. | Komisija je za
pospeševanje naložb državam članicam, regijam in industriji dala na voljo velik
del njenih politik ter regulativnih in finančnih vzvodov. Program Obzorje 2020
bo zlasti prek svojega vodilnega položaja v industriji zagotovil skoraj 80 milijard EUR
za raziskave in inovacije. To vključuje podporo za ključne omogočitvene tehnologije,
ki bodo ponovno opredelile svetovne vrednostne verige, povečale učinkovito rabo
virov in preoblikovale mednarodno razdelitev dela. Za lažjo komercializacijo
rezultatov raziskav bo program Obzorje 2020 financiral tudi prototipe in
predstavitvene projekte, ki bodo bližje razmeram na trgu, kot so bili do zdaj.
Ključni element novega okvirnega programa je združiti moči z zasebnim sektorjem
prek javno-zasebnih partnerstev na ključnih gospodarskih področjih, da se
spodbudijo prihodnje zasebne naložbe. |
| In
addition, with the adoption of the new multiannual financial framework
2014-2020 at least EUR 100 billion of European Strucutral and Investment Funds
(ESIF) are available to Member States to finance investment in
innovation, in line with industrial policy priorities In 2014-2020, investments
in innovation by ESIF will be guided by the concept of ‘Smart
Specialisation’, to allow Member States and regions to concentrate
investment on their comparative advantages and to encourage the creation of
cross-European value chains. Many of the themes proposed under Smart
Specialisation Strategies by the Member States and regions are related to the
six strategic areas identified under industrial policy, putting a comprehensive
financing package at the disposal of regions. | S sprejetjem
novega večletnega finančnega okvira 2014–2020 je za financiranje naložb v
inovacije v skladu s prednostmi industrijske politike na voljo 100 milijard EUR
iz evropskih strukturnih in investicijskih skladov. V obdobju 2014–2020
bodo naložbe v inovacije evropskih strukturnih in investicijskih skladov
potekale v skladu s pojmom „pametne specializacije“, da se državam
članicam in regijam omogoči osredotočenost naložb na njihove primerjalne
prednosti in spodbuja ustvarjanje čezevropskih vrednostnih verig. Veliko tem,
ki so jih predlagale države članice in regije v okviru strategij pametne
specializacije, je povezanih s šestimi strateškimi področji, opredeljenimi v
okviru industrijske politike, pri čemer je regijam na voljo obsežen finančni
sveženj. |
| As
Member States increasingly look to stimulate investment in strategic industrial
areas, the Commission is modernising the State Aid Framework for
R&D&I and reforming public procurement rules to create a
critical mass on the demand side and improve efficiency in the allocation of
resources in full respect of competition and internal market rules. | Medtem ko države
članice vse bolj spodbujajo naložbe v strateška industrijska območja, Komisija posodablja
okvir državne pomoči za raziskave, razvoj in inovacije ter preoblikuje
pravila za javna naročila, da se ustvari kritična masa pri povpraševanju in
izboljša učinkovitost pri dodelitvi virov ob popolnem upoštevanju pravil
konkurence in notranjega trga. |
| The
need to speed up investment in breakthrough technologies in fast-growing areas
was the main reason the Commission decided to identify in the 2012 Industrial
Policy Communication the six areas in which investment should be encouraged. | Potreba po
hitrejših naložbah v tehnološke preboje na hitrorastočih področjih je bila
glavni razlog, da je Komisija v sporočilu o industrijski politiki za leto 2012
opredelila šest področij, na katerih je treba spodbujati naložbe. |
| These
strategic, cross-cutting areas are: advanced manufacturing, key enabling
technologies, clean vehicles and transport, bio-based products, construction
and raw materials and smart grids. The work of the six task forces that were
set up a year ago has enabled the Commission to identify opportunities as well
as obstacles to innovation requiring further policy action. Based on this work,
the Commission will pursue the following priorities: | Ta strateška in
bistvena področja so: napredna proizvodnja, ključne omogočitvene tehnologije,
čista vozila in prevoz, proizvodi na biološki osnovi, gradbeništvo in surovine
ter energetska omrežja. Delo šestih delovnih skupin, oblikovanih pred enim
letom, je Komisiji omogočilo določitev priložnosti in ovir na področju
inovacij, ki potrebujejo dodatne ukrepe politike. Na podlagi tega dela se bo
Komisija osredotočila na naslednje prednostne naloge: |
| ·
Advanced
manufacturing: implementing the Knowledge and Innovation
Community on value-added manufacturing and establishing a Public Private
Partnership on Sustainable Process Industry through Resource and Energy
Efficiency, Factories of the Future, Photonics and Robotics, upgrading
innovation capacity and competitiveness of Europe's manufacturing sector. The
integration of digital technologies in the manufacturing process will be a
priority for future work in light of the growing importance of the industrial
internet. The use of “big-data” will be increasingly integrated in the
manufacturing process.[19] | ·
napredna
proizvodnja:
izvajanje skupnosti znanja in inovacij pri proizvodnji z dodano vrednostjo in
oblikovanje javno-zasebnih partnerstev za trajnostno procesno industrijo z
učinkovito rabo virov in energije, tovarnami prihodnosti, fotoniko in robotiko,
nadgradnja možnosti inovacij in konkurenčnosti evropskega sektorja proizvodnje.
Vključitev digitalnih tehnologij v proizvodni postopek bo glede na vedno večjo
pomembnost industrijskega interneta prihodnja prednostna naloga. „Masovni
podatki“ se bodo vedno bolj uporabljali v postopku proizvodnje[19]; |
| ·
Key
Enabling Technologies (KETs): this task-force is working on the identification of potential KETs projects of
European interest in a
number of
areas,
e.g. batteries, intelligent materials, high performance production and
industrial bio-processes; facilitating pan-European access of SMEs to
technological infrastructure; and exploiting further the possibilities of the
Memorandum of understanding signed with the European Investment Bank. | ·
ključne
omogočitvene tehnologije (v nadaljnjem besedilu: KET): ta projektna
skupina se ukvarja z opredelitvijo potencialnih projektov KET, ki so v evropskem interesu na številnih področjih,
kot so na primer akumulatorji, inteligentni materiali, visoko zmogljiva
proizvodnja in industrijski bioprocesi, omogoča MSP vseevropski dostop do
tehnološke infrastrukture in še nadalje izkorišča možnosti memoranduma o
soglasju, ki je podpisan z Evropsko investicijsko banko; |
| ·
Bio-based
products:
granting access to sustainable raw materials at world market prices for the
production of bio-based products. This will require the application of the
cascade principle in the use of biomass and eliminating any possible
distortions in the allocation of biomass for alternative uses that might result
from aid and other mechanisms that favour the use of biomass for other purposes
(e.g. energy).[20] | ·
proizvodi
na biološki osnovi: omogočanje dostopa do trajnostnih surovin po cenah
svetovnega trga za proizvodnjo proizvodov na biološki osnovi. Zato bo treba pri
uporabi biomase uporabiti načelo postopnosti in izločiti morebitna izkrivljanja
pri razporeditvi biomase za alternativno uporabo, ki so lahko posledica pomoči
in drugih mehanizmov, ki podpirajo uporabo biomase za druge namene (na primer
energija)[20]; |
| ·
Clean
Vehicles and Vessels: adoption and full implementation of the
Commission’s proposal on alternative fuels infrastructure, implementing the
Green Vehicle Initiative and other H2020 initiatives promoting clean and energy
efficient transport, pursuing global standards for electric cars and
implementing the priorities identified under CARS 2020. | ·
čista
vozila in vodna plovila: sprejetje in celotno izvajanje predloga
Komisije o infrastrukturi za alternativna goriva, izvajanje pobude za zelena
vozila in druge pobude programa Obzorje 2020, ki spodbujajo čist in
energetsko učinkovit prevoz, sledenje svetovnim standardom glede električnih
avtomobilov in izvajanje prednosti iz akcijskega načrta CARS 2020; |
| ·
Sustainable
construction and raw materials: setting up a EUR 25 billion EIB
lending capacity for energy efficiency in residential housing; and improving
recycling and sustainable waste management in construction. | ·
trajnostno
gradbeništvo in surovine: ustanovitev zmožnosti posojanja EIB v
višini 25 milijard EUR za energetsko učinkovitost stanovanjskih
nepremičnin ter izboljšanje recikliranja in trajnostnega gospodarjenja z
odpadki v gradbeništvu; |
| ·
Smart
Grids and Digital Infrastructures: defining further targets for
the development of smart grid components; revising and broadening
standardisation mandates and development and guidance on performance
indicators.[21]
The infrastructure and connectivity software for industrial internet is a
priority area in the light of its growing importance and should help integrate
high performance processes including cloud computing. | ·
energetska
omrežja in digitalne infrastrukture: določitev nadaljnjih ciljev za
razvoj komponent energetskega omrežja, pregledovanje in širjenje mandatov za
standardizacijo ter razvoj in usmerjanje na področju kazalcev poslovanja[21].
Programska oprema za infrastrukturo in povezljivost za industrijski internet je
prednostno področje z vidika njene vedno večje pomembnosti in bi morala
olajšati vključitev visoko zmogljivih postopkov, vključno z računalništvom v
oblaku. |
| Building
on the work of the task forces, the Commission proposes to Member States to
combine regional and industrial policy tools to create Smart Specialisation
Platforms to help regions roll out smart specialisation programmes by
facilitating contacts between firms and clusters, enabling access to the
innovative technologies and market opportunities. | Komisija
na podlagi dela projektnih skupin državam članicam predlaga, da združijo
regionalna in industrijska orodja politik, da ustvarijo platforme pametne
specializacije in tako regijam s spodbujanjem stikov med podjetji in grozdi,
omogočanjem dostopa do inovativnih tehnologij in tržnih priložnosti pomagajo
pri uvedbi programov pametne specializacije. |
| Finally,
based on an analysis of Europe’s industrial strengths and main assets, the
Commission will explore areas of industrial activity in which Europe is likely
to have a comparative advantage in future. In addition, the monitoring of
investment trends will play an increasingly important role in the assessment
carried out in the European Semester. | Na podlagi
analize prednosti evropske industrije in glavnih sredstev bo Komisija proučila področja
industrijske dejavnosti, na katerih bo imela Evropa najverjetneje primerjalno
prednost v prihodnje. Spremljanje gibanja naložb bo imelo vedno bolj pomembno
vlogo pri oceni, izvedeni v okviru evropskega semestra. |
| 3.2.
Increasing productivity and resource efficiency and facilitating access to
affordable production inputs | 3.2.
Povečevanje proizvodnje in učinkovite rabe virov ter omogočanje dostopa do cenovno
dostopnih proizvodnih vložkov |
| EU
firms need to have access to essential inputs in a sustainable way and on the
best possible terms, but there are still significant problems in capital,
energy and raw material markets. | Podjetja EU
morajo imeti trajnostni dostop do bistvenih vložkov pod najboljšimi pogoji,
vendar še vedno obstajajo težave na kapitalskem trgu ter trgu z energijo in
surovinami. |
| a)
Access to finance | a)
Dostop do financ |
| Regulatory
reforms in financial markets, a judicious monetary policy and the new
supervisory structure provided by the Banking Union have succeeded in restoring
financial stability. But bank deleveraging is making it harder for firms to
access bank credit, especially for SMEs in Member States where the crisis has
had a particularly severe impact. | Regulativne
reforme na finančnih trgih, razumna monetarna politika in nova nadzorna
struktura bančne unije so uspele ohraniti finančno stabilnost. Vendar
zmanjševanje finančnega vzvoda bank otežuje podjetjem dostop do bančnih
kreditov, zlasti za MSP v državah članicah, kjer ima kriza še posebej resne
posledice. |
| Policy
actions are contributing to alleviating capital needs for specific purposes. In
2014-2020 cohesion policy will continue providing access to finance to
enterprises through financial instruments. The new programing period envisages,
in addition to traditional financial instruments set up at national/regional or
transnational or cross-border level, the possibility to contribute resources to
financial instrument set up at Union level. This includes the SME initiative
which is a risk-sharing instrument with EU guarantees, as requested by the
October 2013 European Council. It is the result of an initiative proposed
by the Commission and EIB which allows Member States, on a voluntary
basis, to use the ESIF to support financial instruments providing lending to
SMEs. Member States are invited to contribute European Structural and
Investment Funds from their national allocations to this initiative, so
that the instrument can achieve critical mass and have a significant impact to
increase lending to SMEs. | Politični ukrepi
prispevajo k zmanjševanju potreb po kapitalu za posebne namene. V obdobju 2014–2020
bo kohezijska politika s finančnimi instrumenti še naprej zagotavljala
podjetjem dostop do finančnih sredstev. V novem programskem obdobju se poleg
tradicionalnih finančnih instrumentov, določenih na nacionalni/regionalni ravni
oziroma nadnacionalni ali čezmejni ravni, načrtuje tudi možnost prispevanja
virov k finančnim instrumentom, oblikovanim na ravni Unije. To vključuje pobudo
MSP, ki je instrument za delitev tveganj z jamstvi EU, kot je zahteval Evropski
svet oktobra 2013. Je rezultat pobude, ki sta jo predlagali Komisija
in EIB ter ki državam članicam omogoča, da prostovoljno uporabljajo
evropske strukturne in investicijske sklade za podporo finančnih instrumentov,
ki nudijo posojila MSP. Države članice so pozvane, da tej pobudi prispevajo sredstva
evropskih strukturnih in investicijskih skladov iz svojih nacionalnih dodelitev,
da bo instrument lahko dosegel kritično maso in bo močno vplival na povečanje
števila posojil MSP. |
| The
adoption of the COSME and Horizon 2020 programmes will also multiply the
financing capacity of public sector funds with equity investments through
financial intermediaries, such as venture capital funds and a well-functioning
pan-European venture capital market. The full implementation of the Late
Payments Directive [22]
will also improve financing for companies. Recent legislative changes will
facilitate SMEs’ access to finance. For example, the Capital Requirements
Regulation includes a correcting factor lowering the capital requirements
related to credit risk on exposures to small and medium enterprises; the
revised Market in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) will create dedicated
trading platforms labelled "SME growth markets"; the revised
Transparency Directive abolishes the requirement to publish quarterly financial
information; and the new rules on European Venture Capital Funds and European
Social Entrepreneurship Funds create a special EU passport for fund managers
investing in start-up SMEs and social businesses. | Sprejetje Programa
za konkurenčnost podjetij ter mala in srednja podjetja (v nadaljnjem besedilu:
COSME) in programa Obzorje 2020 bo prav tako pomnožilo sposobnost
financiranja sredstev javnega sektorja z vlaganjem v lastniški kapital prek
finančnih posrednikov, kot so skladi tveganega kapitala in dobro delujoči
vseevropski trg tveganega kapitala. Celotno izvajanje Direktive o zamudah pri
plačilih[22]
bo izboljšalo tudi financiranje za podjetja. Nedavne zakonodajne spremembe bodo
MSP omogočile dostop do financ. Uredba o kapitalskih zahtevah vključuje
korekcijski faktor, ki niža kapitalske zahteve, povezane s kreditnim tveganjem
glede izpostavljenosti do malih in srednje velikih podjetij; revidirana
Direktiva o trgih finančnih instrumentov bo oblikovala usmerjene platforme za trgovanje
z oznako „trgi rasti MSP“; revidirana direktiva o preglednosti ukinja zahtevo
po objavi četrtletnih finančnih informacij; nova pravila o evropskih skladih
tveganega kapitala in evropskih skladih za socialno podjetništvo pa so
ustvarila poseben potni list EU za upravljavce skladov, ki vlagajo v
novoustanovljena MSP in socialna podjetja. |
| Despite
these measures, access to finance is expected to remain problematic. Although
large corporations have increasingly sought financing in bond markets, European
SMEs are still heavily dependent on banks as their main source of financing,
much more so than in other parts of the world. The crisis has fragmented the
internal market for bank credit in the EU and borrowing rates have risen
disproportionally in some countries. An internal market for capital where
SMEs can have cross-border access to finance still remains an objective to
achieve. | Kljub tem
ukrepom se pričakuje, da bo dostop do financiranja ostal problematičen. Čeprav
velike družbe še vedno iščejo financiranje na trgu obveznic, so evropska MSP še
vedno močno odvisna od bank, kot glavnega vira financiranja, veliko bolj kot v
drugih delih sveta. Kriza je razdrobila notranji trg za bančni kredit v EU,
posojilne obrestne mere pa so v nekaterih državah nesorazmerno zrasle. Še
vedno je treba doseči notranji kapitalski trg, na katerem bodo MSP lahko imela
čezmejni dostop do financiranja. |
| Against
this background, efforts continue to improve credit transmission channels and
to diversify corporate financing sources. Progress has been made in several
initiatives included in the 2012 industrial policy update. The analysis of the
replies to the Green Paper on Long-Term financing will now lead to
proposals for measures to diversify sources of financing for SMEs and
facilitate long-term investments. | Na podlagi tega
se s prizadevanji kreditni transmisijski kanali še izboljšujejo, korporacijski
viri financiranja pa širijo. Napredek je viden v različnih pobudah, ki so bile
vključene v posodobitev industrijske politike leta 2012. Po analizi
odgovorov na zeleno knjigo o dolgoročnem financiranju bodo predlagani
ukrepi za razširitev virov financiranja za MSP in omogočanje dolgoročnih
naložb. |
| Additional
measures are also needed to reduce the impact of financing shortages faced by
some firms and the Commission will continue working with the EIB Group and
support bi-lateral initiatives between Member States addressing these shortages. | Potrebni so tudi
dodatni ukrepi za zmanjšanje vpliva finančnih primanjkljajev, s katerimi se
soočajo nekatera podjetja, Komisija pa bo še naprej sodelovala s skupino EIB in
podpirala dvostranske pobude med državami članicami, ki obravnavajo ta
pomanjkanja. |
| b) Energy | b) Energija |
| Despite efficiency gains and the progressive opening of energy markets
to competition that have led to reduced wholesale electricity and gas prices, retail
prices for these essential energy inputs to industry have increased. EU retail
electricity prices for industry grew on average by 3.5% a year and gas prices
1% between 2008 and 2012. As a result, EU industrial electricity prices are
estimated to be twice higher than in the USA and Russia and 20% higher than in China according to the International Energy Agency data[23]. The price gap is greater in gas: EU
gas is three to four times more expensive for EU industry than for US, Russian
and Indian competitors, 12% more expensive than in China but cheaper than in Japan. Nevertheless, the prices effectively paid by industrial users may vary from one Member State to another. | Kljub
povečanju učinkovitosti in postopnemu odpiranju teh trgov konkurenci, ki so
znižala veleprodajne cene elektrike in plina, so se maloprodajne cene za te
bistvene vložke energije v industriji povišale. Maloprodajne cene energije EU
za industrijo so se povprečno zvišale za 3,5 % letno in cene plina za 1 %
med letoma 2008 in 2012. Posledično se na podlagi podatkov Mednarodne
agencije za energijo ocenjuje, da so cene industrijske elektrike dvakrat višje
kot v ZDA in Rusiji ter za 20 % višje kot na Kitajskem[23].
Cenovni razkorak je večji pri plinu: evropski plin je tri- do štirikrat dražji
za evropsko industrijo kot za konkurente iz ZDA, Rusije in Indije, za 12 %
dražji kot za Kitajsko, toda cenejši kot za Japonsko. Vendar se dejansko
plačane cene za industrijske uporabnike lahko razlikujejo med državami
članicami. |
| The Energy Price Communication and its accompanying Staff Working
Document present a well-documented account of the evolution of energy prices
and their three main components i.e. energy, network costs and taxes and levies,
including RES support. The energy cost element remains the largest component,
though its share is diminishing, and there are notable differences across
Member States. Network costs and taxes and levies are the main drivers of
energy price increases taking a greater share of the final retail price. [24] | Sporočilo
o cenah energije in delovni dokument služb Komisije, ki ga spremlja,
predstavljata izčrpno dokumentirano poročilo o razvoju cen energije in njihovih
treh glavnih elementih: energiji, stroških omrežja ter davkih in dajatvah,
vključno s podporo obnovljivim virom energije. Element stroškov energije ostaja
najpomembnejši, čeprav se njegov delež zmanjšuje in so razlike med državami
članicami velike. Stroški omrežja ter davki in dajatve so glavni gonilniki
zvišanj cen energije in imajo večji delež končne maloprodajne cene[24]. |
| The evolution of energy costs is a matter of concern for the
competitiveness of energy intensive industries. Energy costs account for
considerable shares in the total costs of paper and printing products, chemical
goods, glass and ceramics, iron and steel and non-ferrous metals, although
there are variations across plants, technologies and countries. | Razvoj
stroškov energije je zaskrbljujoč za konkurenčnost energetsko intenzivnih
industrij. Stroški energije predstavljajo precejšen delež skupnih stroškov
izdelkov iz papirja in izdelkov za tiskanje, kemičnega blaga, stekla in
keramike, železa, jekla in barvnih kovin, čeprav obstajajo razlike med obrati,
tehnologijami in državami. |
| Industrial competitiveness and energy efficiency remain major
objectives of the Union as acknowledged in the Europe 2020 strategy. Different EU
policies work to achieve our objectives in the most cost efficient way. | Industrijska
konkurenčnost in energetska učinkovitost ostajata glavna cilja Unije, kot je
potrjeno v strategiji Evropa 2020. Z različnimi politikami EU si prizadevamo
doseči svoje cilje na stroškovno najbolj učinkovit način. |
| -
On the supply side, the Horizon 2020 provides funding directly
available to energy and climate-related research and innovation, mainly through
the ‘Secure, clean and efficient energy’ Societal Challenge and industrial
leadership initiatives, such as SPIRE (Sustainable Process Industry through
Resource and Energy Efficiency), the SET (Strategic Energy Technology) Plan and
SILC II (Sustainable Industry Low Carbon Scheme), which aim to develop and
promote the uptake of breakthrough technologies needed to reach climate and
energy goals. | -
Na dobavni strani je dala Komisija neposredno na voljo finančna
sredstva iz programa Obzorje 2020 za raziskave in inovacije na področju
energije in podnebja, predvsem s pobudami, kot so na primer pobuda „varna,
čista in učinkovita energija“ in pobude za družbeni izziv in industrijsko
vodenje (na primer SPIRE (trajnostna procesna industrija z učinkovito rabo
virov in energije), SET (evropski strateški načrt za energetsko tehnologijo) in
SILC II (shema za trajnostno industrijo z nizkimi emisijami ogljika)),
katerih cilj je razvijati in spodbujati sprejem tehnoloških prebojev, ki so
potrebni za doseganje podnebnih in energetskih ciljev. |
| -
Completing a fully integrated internal market for energy and
increasing competition in energy markets will allow industrial and residential
users to benefit from lower wholesale prices for energy. | -
Popolnoma povezan notranji trg za energijo in izboljšanje
konkurenčnosti na trgih z energijo bosta industrijskim in zasebnim uporabnikom
omogočila koriščenje nižjih veleprodajnih cen energije. |
| -
The further development of an efficient pan-European
infrastructure for gas and electricity as well as for transporting major
feedstock building blocks such as ethylene and propylene would help reduce
transport costs and risks for energy-intensive sectors. Existing pipelines
should be linked in particular with Southern and Eastern Europe to improve
synergies between industries from different Member States and achieve higher
energy efficiency across Europe. | -
Nadaljnji razvoj učinkovite vseevropske infrastrukture za plin in elektriko
ter za prevoz pomembnih surovin, kot sta etilen in propilen, bi zmanjšal
stroške prevoza in tveganja za energetsko intenzivne sektorje. Obstoječe
oskrbovalne linije je treba povezati zlasti z južno in vzhodno Evropo, da se
izboljšajo sinergije med industrijami različnih držav članic in doseže boljša
energetska učinkovitost po vsej Evropi. |
| -
It is important to avoid disproportionate cost energy increases
due to taxes, levies or other instruments introduced by Member States to
implement different policies. This is essential to ensure cost effectiveness
and contribute to improving EU competitiveness. | -
Pomembno se je izogibati nesorazmernim povečanjem stroškov
energije zaradi davkov, dajatev in drugih instrumentov, ki so jih uvedle države
članice za izvajanje različnih politik. To je ključnega pomena za zagotovitev
stroškovne uspešnosti in izboljšanje konkurenčnosti EU. |
| Alongside with this communication, the Commission has adopted a
package on climate and energy defining its position until 2030[25].
Except in one case, it is a non-legislative package that will allow discussions
in the European Council and the European Parliament to contribute to finalising
the position of the European Union as regards the fight against climate change
and how that interacts with energy policy and the competitiveness of the EU
economy. | Komisija
je skupaj s tem sporočilom sprejela podnebni in energetski sveženj, v katerem
je opredelila svoj položaj do leta 2030[25]. Razen enega primera gre za nezakonodajni
sveženj, ki bo omogočal razprave v Evropskem svetu ter Evropskem parlamentu in
prispeval k dokončnemu oblikovanju stališča Evropske unije glede boja proti
podnebnim spremembam ter z njim povezanega načina obravnave energetske politike
in konkurenčnosti gospodarstva EU. |
| c)
Raw materials and resource efficiency | c)
Surovine in učinkovita raba virov |
| EU
industry is mostly dependent on the supply of raw materials from international
markets,[26]
especially unprocessed minerals and metals. It faces a number of challenges
regarding access to both primary and secondary raw materials throughout the
whole value chain (exploration, extraction, processing/refining, recycling and
substitution). The Commission has been engaged in a raw materials strategy (the
‘Raw Materials Initiative’) since 2008. The Commission is also fostering the
efficient use of resources and the development of circular business and
production models. | Industrija EU je
odvisna od dobave surovin iz mednarodnih trgov[26],
zlasti neobdelanih mineralov in kovin. Sooča se s številnimi izzivi glede
dostopa do primarnih in sekundarnih surovin po celotni vrednostni verigi
(odkrivanje, ekstrakcija, obdelava/rafiniranje, recikliranje in nadomestitev).
Komisija je od leta 2008 vključena v strategijo glede surovin („pobuda za
surovine“). Prav tako podpira učinkovito rabo virov in razvoj krožnega
poslovanja ter proizvodnih modelov. |
| The
Commission’s Raw Materials Initiative has a strong external dimension to ensure
fair and reliable access to raw materials worldwide, ensuring a level playing
field for all actors in the raw materials trade. The EU has been successful in
negotiating rules on export of raw materials in bilateral and multilateral
trade agreements and in monitoring and enforcing rules on trade barriers
affecting raw materials. . | Pobuda Komisije
za surovine ima močno zunanjo razsežnost glede zagotovitve pravičnega in
zanesljivega dostopa do surovin po vsem svetu in zagotavlja enake konkurenčne
pogoje za vse udeležence trgovine s surovinami. EU je bila uspešna pri
pogajanju glede pravil o izvozu surovin v dvostranskih ter večstranskih
trgovinskih sporazumih in spremljanju ter uveljavljanju pravil trgovinskih ovir,
ki vplivajo na surovine. |
| The
Commission will continue using all instruments at its disposal, including a
mapping exercise of raw materials diplomacy currently underway, to safeguard
access to raw materials in a sustainable way. Special attention will be paid to
this chapter in ongoing and future trade negotiations. | Komisija bo
nadaljevala z uporabo vseh razpoložljivih instrumentov, vključno s primerjalnim
pregledom stanja trenutnih diplomatskih odnosov na področju surovin, ki
trenutno poteka, da se trajnostno zaščiti dostop do surovin. Temu poglavju bo v
trenutnih in prihodnjih trgovinskih pogajanjih namenjena posebna pozornost. |
| The
Commission will consider elaborating a Communication on the European Innovation
Partnership (EIP) on raw materials to explain how the European Commission,
Member States, industry and academia intend to work together to take forward
the 2013 Strategic Implementation Plan of the partnership towards improvements
in research and innovation, legislative environment or standardisation. | Komisija bo proučila
možnost oblikovanja sporočila o evropskem investicijskem partnerstvu (EPI) za
surovine, v katerem bi pojasnila, kako bodo Evropska komisija, države
članice, industrija in akademski svet sodelovali pri nadaljnjem izvajanju strateškega
izvedbenega načrta partnerstva za leto 2013 za izboljšave v raziskavah in
inovacijah, zakonodajnem okolju ali standardizaciji. |
| Concrete
targets will include the launch of up to 10 pilot projects to promote
technologies for the production and processing of primary and secondary raw
materials, to find substitutes for at least three applications of critical and
scarce raw materials, as well as to create better framework conditions for raw
materials in Europe[27]. | Konkretni cilji
bodo vključevali začetek desetih poskusnih projektov za spodbujanje tehnologij
za proizvodnjo primarnih in sekundarnih surovin, opredelitev zamenjav za vsaj
tri aplikacije kritičnih in redkih surovin ter za oblikovanje boljših okvirnih
pogojev za surovine v Evropi[27]. |
| To
facilitate industry in making this shift, the Commission will present in 2014 a
legislative initiative on resource efficiency and waste. The initiative will
build on progress in the implementation of the Roadmap to Resource Efficient
Europe and set out the key building blocks needed to unlock EU economic
potential to be more productive whilst using fewer resources and advancing
towards a circular economy. It will include conclusions drawn from the
development of suitable indicators and targets, and the review of the key
targets in EU waste legislation (in line with the review clauses in the Waste
Framework Directive, the Landfill Directive and the Packaging Directive) and
carry out an ex-post evaluation of waste stream directives, including an assessment
of options to enhance coherence between them. | Da se industriji
olajša ta premik, bo Komisija leta 2014 predstavila zakonodajno pobudo o
učinkoviti rabi energije in odpadkih. Pobuda bo gradila na napredku pri
izvajanju časovnega načrta za Evropo, gospodarno z viri, ter opredelila ključne
elemente, potrebne za razvoj gospodarskega potenciala EU, da bo ta bolj produktivna
ob manjši porabi virov in bo napredovala v smeri krožnega gospodarstva.
Vključevala bo ugotovitve iz razvoja primernih kazalnikov in ciljev ter pregled
ključnih specifičnih ciljev na področju zakonodaje EU o ravnanju z odpadki (v
skladu s klavzulami ponovnega pregleda iz okvirne direktive o odpadkih,
direktive o odlagališčih in direktive o embalaži) in izvedla naknadno
ocenjevanje direktiv o toku odpadkov, ocenjene pa bodo tudi možnosti za
povečanje usklajenosti teh direktiv. |
| In
addition and based on preliminary assessments, the Commission will wherever
necessary propose measures to eliminate price distortions that prevent EU
firms to have access to key inputs for industry at international market
prices. The Commission will ensure policy neutrality in access to biomass
for different purposes to enable efficient application of the cascade principle
in the use of the biomass to ensure an efficient and sustainable use of natural
resources. Also if deemed necessary, it will consider measures to enable
industry to have access at global market prices to key inputs such as
bio-ethanol or starch for bio-based industrial activities emerging from
traditional sectors such as chemicals, paper and other forest-based industries.[28] | Na podlagi
predhodne ocene bo Komisija, kjer bo potrebno, predlagala ukrepe za ukinitev
izkrivljanja cen, ki preprečuje podjetjem EU dostop do ključnih vložkov za
industrijo po mednarodnih tržnih cenah. Komisija bo zagotovila politično
nevtralnost pri dostopu do biomase za različne namene, da se pri uporabi biomase
omogoči učinkovita uporaba načela postopnosti ter tako zagotovi učinkovita in
trajnostna uporaba naravnih virov. Po potrebi bo prav tako obravnavala ukrepe,
da se industriji omogoči dostop do ključnih vložkov po svetovnih tržnih cenah,
kot sta bioetanol ali škrob za industrijske dejavnosti, ki temeljita na
biološki osnovi in izhajata iz tradicionalnih sektorjev, kot so kemikalije,
papir in druge industrije, ki temeljijo na gozdarstvu[28]. |
| 3.3.
Upgrading skills and facilitating industrial change | 3.3.
Nadgradnja spretnosti in omogočanje industrijskih sprememb |
| Skills
feature as a major policy element in the Europe 2020 agenda. The Commission has
put in place an overall strategy for improving education and training systems
via anticipation and investment in human capital supported by EU financial
instruments, tools to monitor skills and training needs and trends, and
specific initiatives to bring together the relevant actors dealing with
apprenticeships, especially those with crucial information and communication
technologies skills, including the social partners. | Spretnosti so pomemben
element politike v agendi Evropa 2020. Komisija je vpeljala splošno
strategijo za izboljšanje sistemov izobraževanja in usposabljanja s
predvidevanjem potreb in naložbami v človeški kapital, kar so podprli finančni
instrumenti EU, orodja za spremljanje potreb po spretnostih, usposabljanju in trendov
ter posebne pobude za združenje ustreznih akterjev, ki se ukvarjajo z
vajeništvom, zlasti tiste s ključnimi informacijami in spretnostmi
informacijske tehnologije, vključno s socialnimi partnerji. |
| Skills
mismatches and training issues are likely to
remain a key challenge for EU industry in the coming years, especially as
progress in manufacturing technologies will increase demand for specific skill and
training sets. There are significant differences in skills achievements and in
the effectiveness of vocational training systems across Member States. These,
as well as the high unemployment rates in crisis-hit Member States require
immediate action to invest more in education and training. It also requires improving
cross-border mobility. To this end, the Commission has adopted a comprehensive reform
of EURES that will lead to tighter cooperation among the European Public
Employment Services of the EU and EEA with a view to facilitating mobility and
skills-based matching, through a range of new services and products. | Neustrezne
spretnosti in težave pri usposabljanju bodo v
prihodnjih letih najverjetneje ostale ključni izziv za industrijo EU, predvsem
zato, ker se bo zaradi napredka v proizvodnih tehnologijah povečalo
povpraševanje po posebnih spretnostih in usposabljanjih. Pri pridobivanju spretnosti
in učinkovitosti sistemov poklicnega usposabljanja se pojavljajo znatne razlike
po državah članicah. Za večje naložbe v izobraževanje in usposabljanje jih je
treba skupaj z visokimi stopnjami brezposelnosti, ki je doletela države članice
v času gospodarske krize, takoj obravnavati. Prav tako je treba izboljšati
čezmejno mobilnost. V ta namen je Komisija sprejela celostno reformo mreže
EURES, ki bo omogočila tesnejše sodelovanje med evropskimi javnimi službami za
zaposlovanje EU in EGP, da se z različnimi storitvami in izdelki olajšata
mobilnost in usklajevanje na podlagi spretnosti. |
| The
contribution of apprenticeships to supporting industrial competitiveness is
widely recognised. Large differences in skills achievements and in
effectiveness of vocational training systems across Member States
correlate with acute unemployment in crisis-hit Member States. Initiatives such
as the European Alliance for Apprenticeships will continue supporting the
development of quality and effective apprenticeships resulting from strong
partnerships between employers and education across the EU. | Prispevek
vajeništva pri podpori industrijske konkurenčnosti je splošno priznan. Velike
razlike pri pridobivanju spretnosti in učinkovitosti sistemov poklicnega
usposabljanja po državah članicah ter akutna kriza brezposelnosti v državah
članicah v času gospodarske krize zahtevajo takojšnje ukrepanje. Pobude, kot je
evropska koalicija za vajeništva, bodo še naprej podpirale razvoj kakovostnih
in učinkovitih vajeništev, ki izhajajo iz močnih partnerstev med delodajalci in
izobraževalnimi ustanovami po celotni EU. |
| In
addition, the Commission is developing a new generation of the Erasmus for
young Entrepreneurs programme, as well as other instruments to make available traineeships
in firms on a cross-border basis[29]
through the active involvement of industry and SMEs. The Rethinking Education
Communication[30]
calls for a strong focus on aligning skills supply with labour market needs
across Europe, now reinforced and supported by the new Erasmus+ funding
programme. The Commission invites the Member States to support these
efforts. | Komisija razvija
tudi novo generacijo programa Erasmus za mlade podjetnike in tudi druge
instrumente, ki bodo z dejavno udeležbo industrije in MSP omogočili čezmejna
pripravništva v podjetjih[29].
Sporočilo o ponovnem razmisleku o izobraževanju[30]
opozarja, da se je treba dobro osredotočiti na prilagajanje ponudbe spretnosti
s potrebami trga dela po Evropi, kar zdaj dopolnjuje in podpira novi program
financiranja Erasmus+. Komisija poziva države članice k podpori teh
prizadevanj. |
| Currently,
only 0.3 % of the EU’s population moves to another Member State annually for professional purposes, compared to 2.4 % in the USA. The EU has a unique role to play, to facilitate learning mobility between both education
and training institutions through the Erasmus+ programme at all levels:
apprenticeships, traineeships, and higher education exchanges. Industry and
SMEs’ participation in such initiatives will be further encouraged. In emerging
sectors and areas of economic activity, Knowledge and Innovation Communities
will help to make available the skills needed in these new markets. | Trenutno se za
poklicne namene v drugo državo članico letno preseli le 0,3 % prebivalstva
EU, v primerjavi z ZDA, kjer ta delež znaša 2,4 %. EU ima izredno pomembno
vlogo, saj lahko s programom Erasmus+ omogoča izobraževalno mobilnost med
izobraževalnimi ustanovami in ustanovami za usposabljanje na vseh ravneh:
izmenjave na področju vajeništva, pripravništva in visokega šolstva.
Sodelovanje industrije in MSP pri takšnih pobudah se bo še naprej spodbujalo. V
nastajajočih sektorjih in sektorjih gospodarske dejavnosti bodo skupnosti
znanja in inovacij omogočile razpoložljivost potrebnih spretnosti na teh
novih trgih. |
| Stakeholders
at all levels should strive to anticipate and manage skills and training needs.
Industrial policy must also facilitate industrial change and help modernise
industrial structures to avoid drastic, wasteful restructuring situations. . | Deležniki na
vseh ravneh bi si morali prizadevati za predvidevanje potreb po spretnostih in
usposabljanjih ter njihovo upravljanje. Industrijska politika mora omogočiti tudi
industrijsko spremembo in olajšati modernizacijo struktur industrije, da ne
pride do izrazitih in nepotrebnih primerov prestrukturiranja. |
| Since
the impact of restructuring is most directly felt at regional level, managing
and anticipating change requires regions to be actively involved. In the vein
of successful ‘smart specialisation’ strategies, policy initiatives at that
level (on infrastructure, training, research and innovation) should therefore
take into account the effects of forthcoming restructuring. | Ker se vpliv
prestrukturiranja neposredno najbolj čuti na regionalni ravni, obvladovanje in
predvidevanje sprememb od regij zahteva dejavno vključitev. Da bi bile
strategije „pametne specializacije“ uspešne, morajo politične pobude na
navedeni ravni (glede infrastrukture, usposabljanja, raziskav in inovacij)
upoštevati učinke načrtovanega prestrukturiranja. |
| To
help regions modernise the industrial base through the channelling of resources
towards more productive sectors and to support efforts that minimise possible
social impacts, the Commission will propose a comprehensive approach to
anticipating and facilitating industrial change at regional level. | Da se regijam
olajša modernizacija industrijske baze prek usmerjanja virov k bolj
produktivnim sektorjem in v podporo prizadevanjem, ki zmanjšajo morebitne
družbene vplive, bo Komisija predlagala celovit pristop za predvidevanje in
omogočanje industrijske spremembe na regionalni ravni. |
| Finally,
the Commission will present early in 2014 a Communication on job creation in
the green economy to focus efforts on key economic sectors with job creation
potential and the development of related emerging skills. [31] | Komisija bo v
začetku leta 2014 predstavila sporočilo o ustvarjanju delovnih mest v
zelenem gospodarstvu in tako svoja prizadevanja osredotočila na ključne
gospodarske sektorje z možnostmi za ustvarjanje delovnih mest ter razvoj povezanih
novih spretnosti[31]. |
| 4.
SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP | 4.
MALA IN SREDNJE VELIKA PODJETJA TER PODJETNIŠTVO |
| EU
industrial policy has traditionally paid much attention to SMEs, which have
been mainstreamed into our policy approach. By the end of 2013, the
Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP) had assisted financial
institutions in providing about EUR 30 billion of new finance for more than 315
000 SMEs and have created or maintained directly about 380 000 jobs. In
addition, in the same period, Structural Funds provided some EUR 70 billion in
support of enterprises, predominantly SMEs. Nearly
200 000 projects have been funded supporting several SMEs each, including 78
000 start-ups and the creation of at least 268 000 permanent jobs (and
safeguarding many more). | Industrijska
politika EU je veliko pozornosti tradicionalno namenila MSP, ki so bila
vključena v naš pristop politike. Do konca leta 2013 je program za
konkurenčnost in inovacije (CIP) finančnim institucijam zagotovil približno 30 milijard EUR
novih finančnih sredstev za več kot 315 000 MSP in ustvaril oziroma
neposredno ohranil okoli 380 000 delovnih mest. V istem obdobju so
strukturni skladi za podporo podjetjem, predvsem MSP, zagotovili okoli 70 milijard
EUR. Financiranih je bilo
skoraj 200 000 projektov, ki vsi podpirajo različne MSP, vključno z 78 000
novoustanovljenimi podjetji in 268 000 zaposlitvami za nedoločen čas (in
zaščito še več zaposlitev). |
| Regulatory
and administrative costs can impact SMEs up to
ten times more than larger companies. The Commission has systematically
promoted simplification for SMEs through exemptions for micro-enterprises and
the application of the Think Small First principle. Framework conditions for
SMEs have been improved considerably since the Small Business Act (SBA) was
adopted five years ago. The average time and cost of starting up a business
have been cut (from nine to five days and from EUR 463 to EUR372). However, the
time and cost to obtain all the licences required to start commercial
operations remain very high in some Member States. | Regulativni
in upravni stroški imajo do desetkrat večji vpliv na
MSP kot na večja podjetja. Komisija je z izjemami za mikropodjetja in uporabo
načela „najprej pomisli na male“ sistematično spodbujala poenostavitev MSP.
Okvirni pogoji za MSP so se od sprejetja pobude za mala in srednje velika
podjetja v Evropi „Small Business Act“ (v nadaljnjem besedilu: SBA) pred petimi
leti znatno izboljšali. Povprečen čas in stroški ustanovitve podjetja so se
zmanjšali (iz devetih na pet dni ter s 463 EUR na 372 EUR). Vendar pa
čas in stroški za pridobitev vseh dovoljenj, ki so potrebni za začetek
komercialnih dejavnosti, v nekaterih državah članicah ostajajo zelo visoki. |
| The
new financial perspectives for 2014-2020 make available new, more powerful
instruments in support of entrepreneurship and SMEs. For the first time, they
include a programme, COSME, specifically targeting SMEs. It has a budget of EUR
2.3 billion to add to the contributions made by other EU policies. The new
cohesion policy pays particular attention to SMEs’ competitiveness. A dedicated
instrument in Horizon 2020 provides funding for early-stage, high-risk research
and innovation by SMEs. The new rural development policy further boosts
start-ups and the competiveness of SMEs in rural areas.[32] | Nove finančne
perspektive za obdobje 2014–2020 so zagotovile nove, bolj učinkovite
instrumente, ki podpirajo podjetništvo in MSP. Prvič vključujejo program COSME,
ki je namenjen zlasti MSP. K drugimi politikam EU prispeva s proračunom v
višini 2,3 milijarde EUR. Nova kohezijska politika posveča posebno
pozornost konkurenčnosti MSP. Namenski instrument v programu Obzorje 2020
zagotavlja financiranje za začetno stopnjo, raziskave z visokim tveganjem in
inovacije MSP. Nova politika razvoja podeželja spodbuja novoustanovljena
podjetja in konkurenčnost MSP na podeželskih območjih[32]. |
| In
addition to this financial support, the Risk Finance State Aid Guidelines are
particularly sensitive to the problems that SMEs face in financing their
activities. | Poleg te
finančne podpore smernice glede državne pomoči za financiranje tveganja še
posebej upoštevajo težave, s katerimi se soočajo MSP pri financiranju svojih
dejavnosti. |
| Still,
to release their full potential, SMEs must overcome the barriers that limit
their growth. The average SME is smaller in Europe than in the U.S. There
are also differences between SME-sizes within the EU: The average SME in
Germany has 7.6 workers, compared to 3.6 workers in Spain and 3.2 in Italy.
This has significant consequences: the smaller the company, the greater its
difficulty in investing in innovation, exporting and integrating global value
chains, thus compromising their competitiveness. | Vendar morajo
MSP, če želijo izkoristiti ves svoj potencial, premostiti ovire, ki
omejujejo njihovo rast. Povprečno MSP je v Evropi manjše kot v ZDA. Prav
tako znotraj Evrope obstajajo razlike v velikosti MSP: povprečno MSP v Nemčiji
ima 7,6 delavcev v primerjavi s 3,6 delavci v Španiji in 3,2 delavci
v Italiji. To ima znatne posledice: manjše je podjetje, večje težave ima pri
naložbah v inovacije, izvozu in vključevanju svetovnih vrednostnih verig, s
čimer je ogrožena njihovo konkurenčnost. |
| The
potential of clusters to create favourable innovation ecosystems for
mutually reinforcing groups of SMEs needs to be better exploited as a means of
promoting growth. The Commission will facilitate the matchmaking of SMEs
wishing to integrate into world-class clusters aiming for excellence and cross-European
value chains. The focus will not be limited to industrial sectors, but on
facilitating cross-sectoral and cross-border collaboration and innovation. | Potencial grozdov,
da ustvarijo ugodne inovacijske ekosisteme za medsebojno povezane skupine MSP,
je treba kot sredstvo za spodbujanje rasti bolje izkoristiti. Komisija bo
pospeševala navezovanje stikov med MSP, ki se želijo vključiti v vrhunske
grozde, da dosežejo odličnost in vseevropske vrednostne verige. Osredotočenost
ne bo omejena na industrijske sektorje, temveč na omogočanje medsektorskega in
čezmejnega sodelovanja ter inovacij. |
| Value-added
chains, from the procurement of raw materials to business services and
distribution, as well as links with research, training and education centres
must be better integrated. Cluster-facilitated demonstration projects for value
chain innovation will also be financed through Horizon 2020 in support of the
implementation of smart specialisation strategies. In addition, the Commission
will reinforce the Entrepreneurship Action plan to develop entrepreneurial
skills and attitudes and to facilitate individuals in developing new ideas
commercially. | Vrednostne
verige je treba bolje vključiti, od naročanja surovin do poslovnih storitev in
distribucije, kot tudi povezave z raziskavami, usposabljanji in izobraževalnimi
centri. Predstavitveni projekti, ki jih omogočajo grozdi, za inovacije
vrednostne verige bodo prav tako financirani s programom Obzorje 2020, da
se podpre izvajanje strategij pametne specializacije. Komisija bo okrepila
akcijski načrt za podjetništvo, da se razvijejo podjetniške sposobnosti in
pristop ter posameznikom olajša komercialni razvoj novih idej. |
| An
updated Small Business Act (SBA) could create more synergies with the reform
process under the European Semester, helping SMEs to grow and create jobs. The Commission
will consider actions and if appropriate propose new legislative measures, to
ensure that it is possible to start up a company in any Member State at a
maximum cost of EUR 100 and within three days. A target of one month to
have the necessary licences will also be considered. Finally, the Commission is
studying measures to reduce the duration of court litigation on credit recovery
for companies, to recover from financial difficulties and avoid insolvency by
having access to cost-effective debt restructuring procedures and to give a
second chance to honest entrepreneurs and to facilitate the transfer of
business. The Commission strongly requests Member States to introduce an SME
Test or an equivalent system in their decision-making process and to reduce the
administrative burden.[33] | Posodobljeni
SBA bi lahko s postopkom reforme v sklopu evropskega semestra ustvaril več
sinergij ter tako olajšal rast MSP in ustvarjanje delovnih mest. V okviru
novega SBA bo Komisija razmislila o novih ukrepih in po potrebi o predlogu za
nove zakonodajne ukrepe, da se zagotovi možnost ustanovitve podjetja v kateri
koli državi članici, pri čemer bi bili stroški največ 100 EUR in rok tri
dni. Obravnavala bo tudi rok enega meseca za pridobitev potrebnih dovoljenj.
Komisija proučuje ukrepe za skrajšanje trajanja sodnih postopkov izterjave
terjatev za podjetja, da si opomorejo od finančnih težav in izognejo plačilni
nesposobnosti, saj bodo imela na voljo stroškovno učinkovite postopke za
prestrukturiranje dolga, in pravičnim podjetjem dala drugo priložnost ter
omočila prenos poslovanja. Komisija odločno poziva države članice, da pri
sprejemanju odločitev uporabljajo test MSP ali podoben sistem in da zmanjšajo
upravno breme[33]. |
| Finally,
the Commission is exploring further possibilities to help SMEs develop
cross-border synergies while maintaining a flexible and light regulatory
framework for SMEs. Business networks present interesting business
opportunities in particular to strengthen cross-border cooperation. Through
enhanced intra-community specialization, business networks could also be an
important factor contributing to innovation. The Commission will explore to
what extent, e.g. by way of practical guidelines, some targeted measures could
be proposed (e.g. standards issues, terminology or labelling) which can foster
the development of business networks. | Komisija išče
nadaljnje možnosti, s katerimi bi se MSP olajšal razvoj čezmejnih sinergij, ter
ohranja prilagodljiv in nezahteven regulativni okvir za MSP. Poslovne mreže
predstavljajo zanimive poslovne priložnosti, zlasti za krepitev čezmejnega
sodelovanja. Z okrepljeno specializacijo znotraj skupnosti bi bile poslovne
mreže lahko tudi pomemben dejavnik za inovacije. Komisija bo raziskala do
kakšne mere, na primer s praktičnimi smernicami, bi se lahko predlagali nekateri
ciljno usmerjeni ukrepi (na primer običajne težave, terminologija ali
označevanje), ki bi spodbujali razvoj poslovnih mrež. |
| 5. INTERNATIONALISATION
OF EU FIRMS | 5. INTERNACIONALIZACIJA
PODJETIJ EU |
| EU's
exports and trade surplus have played an important role in mitigating the
impact of the crisis. With an estimated 90 % of global growth coming from
overseas by 2015, access to third country markets will remain a key feature for
Europe’s competitiveness. EU industry has largely remained competitive on
international markets, yet continued strong export performance cannot be taken
for granted. European firms need to stay innovative and to integrate into the
growing web of value chains extending around the world. Integration in the
global economy must go hand-in-hand with promoting open, fair markets
worldwide. | Izvoz in
presežek v trgovini EU sta imela pomembno vlogo pri ublažitvi vpliva krize. Ker
bodo do leta 2015 90 % svetovne rasti predstavljale čezmorske države,
bo dostop na trge tretjih držav ostal ključna značilnost evropske
konkurenčnosti. Industrija EU je v veliki meri ostala konkurenčna na
mednarodnih trgih, kljub temu stalna izvozna učinkovitost ni samoumevna.
Evropska podjetja morajo ohraniti inovativnost in se vključiti v vedno
številčnejše vrednostne verige po vsem svetu. Vključevanje v svetovno
gospodarstvo mora potekati ob hkratnem spodbujanju odprtih, pravičnih trgov po
svetu. |
| Trade
policy is at the core of the EU’s internationalisation agenda, not only to open
markets but also to defend EU interests and actively promote a level playing
field in third markets. The EU is committed to further promoting free trade
through WTO, as shown by the recently adopted agreement on trade facilitation.
In parallel, the EU is pursuing an unprecedented bilateral trade and investment
agenda with Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that is currently the most important
means to improve market access. The completion of on-going FTA negotiations
could potentially boost EU GDP by 2% (EUR 250 billion). The Commission has also
proposed an amendment of the Trade Defence Instruments (TDI) and calls on the
Council and Parliament to reach rapid agreement to reinforce the TDI system and
reduce associated costs to make it more effective in enforcing fair competition. | Trgovinska
politika je jedro agende EU za internacionalizacijo, katere namen je poleg
odpiranja trgov tudi zaščiti interese EU in dejavno spodbujati enake
konkurenčne pogoje na tretjih trgih. EU je zavezana k nadaljnjemu spodbujanju
proste trgovine v okviru STO, kot kaže nedavno sprejet sporazum za spodbujanje
trgovine. EU sočasno nadaljuje z novo strategijo glede dvostranske trgovine in
naložb s sporazumi o prosti trgovini (v nadaljnjem besedilu: FTA), ki je
trenutno najbolj pomembno sredstvo za doseganje izboljšanega dostopa na trg.
Zaključek trenutnih pogajanj za FTA bi lahko morebitno povečal BDP EU za 2 %
(250 milijard EUR). Komisija je tudi predlagala spremembo
instrumentov trgovinske zaščite (v nadaljnjem besedilu: TDI) ter poziva Svet in
Parlament, da se hitro sporazumeta glede utrditve sistema TDI in zmanjšata
zadevne stroške, da postane še bolj učinkovit pri uveljavljanju pravične
konkurenčnosti. |
| 5.1.
Market access | 5.1.
Dostop na trg |
| Following
the advances in common foreign policy, the start of Missions for Growth and the
development of the Market Access Strategy the EU should step up its efforts to
engage in economic diplomacy, based on solidarity between Member States, and to
speak with a stronger voice to economic partners to defend European investments
and interests abroad. Competition conditions are not even across global markets
and unfair conditions are imposed on European companies operating in key
emerging markets. | Po napredku v
skupni zunanji politiki, začetku misije za rast in razvoju strategije za dostop
na trg bi morala EU okrepiti svoja prizadevanja, da se vključi v gospodarsko
diplomacijo, ki temelji na solidarnosti med državami članicami, ter bolj jasno
spregovori z gospodarskimi partnerji ter zaščiti evropske naložbe in interese v
tujini. Pogoji konkurence na svetovnih trgih niso enaki, prav tako za evropska
podjetja, ki delujejo na ključnih novih trgih, veljajo nepravični pogoji. |
| The
European public procurement sector is the most open in the world, yet EU firms
encounter difficulties entering public procurement markets abroad. In recent
FTAs the EU has obtained good improvements in accessing procurement markets. For
example, bilateral negotiations with Canada have yielded significant advances
in the opening of procurement markets at sub-federal levels. Similar advances
will be pursued in other bilateral negotiations, notably with the United States
and Japan. | Čeprav je
evropski sektor javnih naročil najbolj odprt sektor na svetu, se podjetja EU soočajo
s težavami pri dostopu do trgov javnih naročil v tujini. V zadnjih FTA je EU
pridobila dobre izboljšave pri dostopu do trgov javnih naročil. Dvostranska
pogajanja s Kanado so prinesla velike napredke pri odpiranju trgov javnih
naročil na nižjih upravnih ravneh. Podobni napredki bodo opravljeni pri drugih
dvostranskih pogajanjih, predvsem z Združenimi državami in Japonsko. |
| On
top of that, the Commission has proposed a new instrument that will, if
approved by Member States and the European Parliament, allow the EU to tackle
imbalances in international public procurement markets.[34]
Through this procedure, contracting authorities in Member States would be able
to exclude bidders for large contracts that use goods and services originating
in a non-EU country where procurement markets are highly protected. This is a
good example of how reciprocity can deliver positive results for the EU in an
international context. | Poleg tega je
Komisija predlagala nov instrument, ki bo, če ga bodo države članice in
Evropski parlament odobrili, omogočil EU, da reši neravnovesja na mednarodnih
trgih javnih naročil[34].
S tem postopkom bi lahko naročniki v državah članicah izključili ponudnike za
večje pogodbe, ki uporabljajo blago in storitve s poreklom v državi, ki ni
članica EU, kjer so trgi javnih naročil zelo zaščiteni. To je dober primer,
kako lahko vzajemnost prinese pozitivne rezultate za EU v mednarodnem okolju. |
| Services
represent about 40% of the value added in European manufactures exports. About
a third of the jobs generated by these exports are actually located in
companies that supply the exporters of goods with auxiliary services.
Therefore, better, cheaper services are a key variable in the industrial
competitiveness equation. Improving EU firms´ integration in global value
chains will facilitate access to high quality services and improve the
competitiveness of EU goods and services exports. | Storitve
predstavljajo okoli 40 % dodane vrednosti evropskega proizvedenega izvoza.
Okoli tretjina delovnih mest, ustvarjenih na podlagi tega izvoza, je v
podjetjih, ki dobavljajo izvoznikom blaga s pomožnimi storitvami. Zato so
boljše in cenejše storitve ključna spremenljivka v enačbi industrijske
konkurenčnosti. Boljša vključenost podjetij EU v svetovne vrednostne verige bo
olajšala dostop do visokokakovostnih storitev in okrepila konkurenčnost izvoza
blaga ter storitev EU. |
| Efforts
to increase the internationalisation of SMEs stand out as a particular
priority. In the EU, the top 10 % of exporting firms typically account for
70-80 % of export volumes and the Commission will seek to increase not
only export volumes, but also the number of exporting firms to facilitate the
integration of EU firms in global value chains. | Prizadevanja za
povečanje internacionalizacije MSP izstopajo kot posebna prednostna naloga. V
EU najboljših 10 % izvoznih podjetij običajno predstavlja 70–80 %
obsega izvoza; Komisija si ne bo prizadevala povečati zgolj obseg izvoza, temveč
tudi število izvoznih podjetij, da se pospeši vključenost podjetij EU v
svetovne vrednostne verige. |
| Enhancing access to markets requires the use of a mix of trade
policy instruments that address the concrete problems faced by our companies
when exporting or investing in third countries. The Market Access Strategy
plays a key role in addressing these challenges through the joint efforts of
the Commission, Member States and Business. Strengthening cooperation among the
different stakeholders will increase effectiveness and success in tackling
those barriers. | Povečanje
dostopa na trge zahteva uporabo različnih instrumentov trgovinske politike, ki
obravnavajo konkretne težave, s katerimi se soočajo naša podjetja pri izvozu
ali naložbah v tretjih državah. Strategija za dostop na trg ima ključno vlogo
pri obravnavanju teh izzivov skupaj s skupnimi prizadevanji Komisije, držav
članic in podjetij. Krepitev sodelovanja med različnimi deležniki bo povečala
učinkovitost in uspešnost odpravljanja teh ovir. |
| To
promote access to markets around the world, the Commission will: | Za
spodbujanje dostopa na svetovne trge bo Komisija: |
| •
continue within our overall FTA negotiating strategies with key bilateral trade
partners, inter alia the U.S., Canada, Japan and India, to pursue improved
market access for European industry and follow up on existing FTAs through
regular monitoring, assessment and implementation. | •
v okviru splošnih strategij pogajanj za FTA s ključnimi partnerji na ravni
dvostranske trgovine, med drugim z ZDA, Kanado, Japonsko in Indijo, nadaljevala
s prizadevanji za lažji dostop na trg in z rednim opazovanjem, ocenjevanjem ter
izvajanjem spremljala obstoječe FTA; |
| •
continue to pursue Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement negotiations and
agreements on accreditation and acceptance of industrial products between the
EU and Southern Mediterranean countries and the countries of the Eastern
Partnership. | •
nadaljevala s prizadevanji za pogajanja o poglobljenem in celovitem sporazumu o
prosti trgovini in za sporazume o akreditaciji ter sprejetju industrijskih
izdelkov med EU in državami južnega Sredozemlja ter državami vzhodnega
partnerstva; |
| •
continue to work within the WTO bodies to prevent and counter third countries
creating technical barriers to trade, including through the use of dispute
settlement when needed. | •
še naprej delovala v okviru organov STO, da se preprečijo in odpravijo tehnične
ovire, ki so jih tretje države ustvarile za trgovino, po potrebi tudi z
reševanjem sporov; |
| •
reinforce Missions for Growth and capitalise on the services of the Enterprise
Europe Network to promote the internationalisation of SMEs and to support the
organisation and follow-up actions of Missions for Growth. | •
podpirala misije za rast in izkoristila storitve evropske podjetniške mreže, da
se podprejo internacionalizacija MSP, organizacija in spremljanje ukrepov misij
za rast; |
| •
conduct SME dialogues and foster cooperation with our international partners —
bilaterally with the U.S., China, Russia, and Brazil and multilaterally in the
Eastern Partnership, the EU-MED Industrial Cooperation, the enlargement and ACP
countries. | •
vzpostavila dialoge med MSP in spodbujala sodelovanje z našimi mednarodnimi
partnerji — dvostransko sodelovanje z ZDA, Kitajsko, Rusijo in Brazilijo ter
večstransko v vzhodnem partnerstvu, industrijskem sodelovanju med EU in
Sredozemljem, med državami, vključenimi v proces širitve, in državami AKP; |
| •
continue implementing the Market Access Strategy as an instrument to address
the concrete problems face by European companies, with a particular focus on
SMEs, which often face the greatest challenges in addressing trade barriers in
third countries. | • nadaljevala
z izvajanjem strategije za dostop na trg kot instrumenta za obravnavanje
konkretnih težav evropskih podjetij, s posebnim osredotočenjem na MSP, ki se
pogosto soočajo z velikimi izzivi pri obravnavanju trgovinskih ovir v tretjih
državah. |
| 5.2.
Standardisation, regulatory cooperation and intellectual property rights | 5.2.
Standardizacija, regulativno sodelovanje in pravice intelektualne lastnine |
| The
Commission will continue to promote international standards and regulatory
cooperation, building on the EU’s role as a de facto standard setter and to
take a leading role in reinforcing the international standardisation system.
Regulatory cooperation with other countries will continue to be a priority,
especially in on-going bilateral negotiations with the United States and Japan
where the primary focus will be on ‘behind-the-borders’ obstacles to trade and
investment. Raising the level of transparency and regulatory convergence will
significantly enhance overseas opportunities for EU companies and help reduce
the costs of accessing markets. | Komisija bo na
podlagi vloge EU kot dejanske določiteljice skupnih standardov še naprej
spodbujala mednarodne standarde in regulativno sodelovanje ter prevzela
vodilno vlogo pri uveljavljanju mednarodnega standardizacijskega sistema.
Regulativno sodelovanje z drugimi državami ostaja prednostna naloga, zlasti
glede trenutnih pogajanj z Združenimi državami in Japonsko, kjer se bo v prvi
vrsti osredotočalo na čezmejne ovire trgovine in naložb. Dvig ravni
preglednosti in regulativna konvergenca bosta znatno izboljšala čezmorske
priložnosti za podjetja EU in olajšala zmanjšanje stroškov dostopa na trge. |
| In
a world where competitiveness often derives from first-mover advantage and
branding, it is increasingly important for EU companies to uphold their
industrial property rights in all relevant markets, especially in creative
industries where counterfeiting is a serious problem. To extend support
provided to businesses, the Commission has already expanded its industrial
property rights helpdesks network to ASEAN and MERCOSUR to offer services
across a broader geographical area and will consider further geographical extensions
of such support services. | V svetu, kjer
konkurenčnost pogosto izhaja iz prednosti prvega in znamčenja, je za podjetja
EU vedno bolj pomembno, da obdržijo svoje pravice industrijske lastnine na vseh
zadevnih trgih, zlasti v ustvarjalnem sektorju, kjer je ponarejanje resna
težava. Da se razširi podpora za podjetja, je Komisija že razširila svoje mreže
služb za pomoč uporabnikom glede pravic industrijske lastnine na Zvezo držav
jugovzhodne Azije (ASEAN) in Skupni južnoameriški trg (MERCOSUR), s čimer se
storitve razširijo na širše geografsko območje, pri čemer bo Komisija
obravnavala nadaljnje geografske razširitve takšnih podpornih storitev. |
| 6. Conclusion | 6. ZAKLJUČEK |
| Europe
urgently needs to strengthen the basis for post-crisis sustainable growth
and modernisation. To that end, it must send a clear signal of its
commitment to reindustrialisation, the modernisation of Europe's industrial
base and the promotion of a competitive framework for EU industry. | Evropa mora
nujno okrepiti osnovo za trajnostno rast in modernizacijo po krizi. Zato
mora jasno pokazati, da je zavezana k ponovni industrializaciji, modernizaciji
evropske industrijske baze in spodbujanju konkurenčnega okvira za industrijo
EU. |
| The
importance of the challenges ahead for Europe’s future calls for attention and
policy guidance at the highest political level, the European Council. This is
vital to ensure the coherence and prioritisation of all instruments at the EU’s
disposal. An industrial strategy cannot be put into practice as a stand-alone
policy as it has numerous interactions and overlapping effects with many other
policy areas. | Pomembnost
izzivov, s katerimi se bo Evropa soočala v prihodnosti, zahteva pozornost in
smernice politike na najvišji politični ravni (Evropski svet). To je nujno, da
se zagotovi usklajenost in določitev prednosti vseh instrumentov, ki so na
voljo EU. Industrijska politika v praksi ne more obstajati sama, saj omogoča
številna vzajemna delovanja in ima prekrivajoče se učinke z več drugimi
političnimi področji. |
| Consequently,
the Commission calls on Member States to recognise the central importance of
industry for boosting competitiveness and sustainable growth in Europe and for
a systematic consideration of competitiveness concerns across all policy areas. | Posledično
Komisija poziva države članice, da priznajo ključni pomen industrije, da se
spodbudita konkurenčnost in trajnostna rast v Evropi ter doseže bolj
sistematično obravnavanje težav konkurenčnosti na vseh političnih področjih. |
| To
that end, the Commission considers that the following priorities should be
pursued to support the competitiveness of European industry: | Na
podlagi tega Komisija meni, da se je za podporo konkurenčnosti evropske
industrije treba osredotočiti na naslednje prednostne naloge: |
| ·
Continue deepening the mainstreaming of industrial
competitiveness in other policy areas to sustain the competitiveness of the EU
economy, given the importance of the contribution of industrial competitiveness
to the overall competitiveness performance of the EU. For instance, particular
attention must be paid to increasing productivity in business services to
increase industrial competitiveness and the competitiveness of the EU economy
in general. | ·
nadaljnje poglobljeno vključevanje
industrijske konkurenčnosti na druga politična področja, da se ohrani
konkurenčnost gospodarstva EU ob upoštevanju pomembnosti prispevka industrijske
konkurenčnosti za celotno uspešnost konkurenčnosti EU. Posebno pozornost je
treba, na primer, nameniti povečanju produktivnosti poslovnih storitev, da se
poveča industrijska konkurenčnost in na splošno konkurenčnost gospodarstva EU; |
| ·
Maximising the potential of the internal
market by developing the necessary infrastructures, offering a stable,
simplified and predictable regulatory framework favourable for entrepreneurship
and innovation, integrating capital markets, improving the possibilities for
training and mobility for citizens and completing the internal market for
services as a major contributing factor to industrial competitiveness. | ·
povečanje potenciala notranjega trga z
razvojem potrebne infrastrukture, zagotavljanje nespremenljivega,
poenostavljenega in predvidljivega regulativnega okvira, ugodnega za
podjetništvo in inovacije, vključevanje trgov kapitala, izboljšanje priložnosti
za usposabljanje in mobilnost državljanov ter dokončanje notranjega trga za
storitve kot glavnega dejavnika, ki prispeva k industrijski konkurenčnosti; |
| ·
Decisively implementing the instruments of
regional development with national and EU instruments in support of innovation,
skills, and entrepreneurship to deliver industrial change and boost the
competitiveness of the EU economy. | ·
odločno izvajanje instrumentov
regijskega razvoja z nacionalnimi in evropskimi instrumenti, da se podprejo
inovacije, sposobnosti in podjetništvo ter tako doseže industrijska sprememba
ter poveča konkurenčnost gospodarstva EU; |
| ·
To encourage investment, businesses
require access to critical inputs, and in particular, energy and raw materials,
at affordable prices that reflect international cost conditions. The design and
implementation of policy instruments for different objectives both at EU and
national levels must not result in price distortions that imply
disproportionately higher relative prices for these inputs. Action should also
be taken in the internal market and at international level to ensure the
adequate provision of these inputs, as well as to increase energy and resource
efficiency and to reduce waste. | ·
podjetja potrebujejo za spodbujanje
naložb dostop do ključnih vložkov ter zlasti energije in surovin po ugodnih
cenah, ki odražajo mednarodne stroškovne pogoje. Oblikovanje in izvajanje
političnih instrumentov za različne cilje na ravni EU in na nacionalni ravni ne
sme povzročiti izkrivljanj cen, ki pomenijo nesorazmerno višje relativne cene
za te vložke. Prav tako je treba sprejeti ukrepe na notranjem trgu in na
mednarodni ravni, da se zagotovi ustrezno zagotavljanje teh vložkov ter poveča
učinkovita raba energije in virov ter zmanjšajo odpadki; |
| ·
Do the utmost to facilitate the
integration of EU firms in global value chains to boost their competitiveness
and ensure access to global markets on more favourable competitive conditions. | ·
narediti največ, da se omogoči
vključitev podjetij EU v svetovne vrednostne verige in spodbudi konkurenčnost
ter zagotovi dostop do svetovnih trgov pod bolj ugodnimi konkurenčnimi pogoji; |
| Finally,
the objective of revitalization of the EU economy calls for the
endorsement of the reindustrialisation efforts in line with the
Commission´s aspiration of raising the contribution of industry to GDP to as
much as 20% by 2020. | za
dosego cilja oživljanja gospodarstva EU je potrebna nujna potrditev
prizadevanj za ponovno industrializacijo, ki so v skladu s težnjo Komisije
po povečanju prispevka industrije k BDP do 20 % do leta 2020. |
| [1] Rueda-Cantuche, José M.a,
Sousa, Nb., Andreoni, Va. and Arto, Ia.
"The Single Market as an engine for employment growth through the external
trade", Joint Research centre, IPTS, Seville, 2012. In this Communication,
manufacturing refers to Section C and divisions 10 to 33 of NACE Rev. 2.
Industry refers to a broader set of activities including also mining and
quarrying and energy activities. | [1]
Rueda-Cantuche, José M.,
Sousa, N., Andreoni, V. in Arto, I. „Enotni trg kot motor rasti zaposlovanja z
zunanjo trgovino (The Single Market as an engine for employment growth
through the external trade)“, Skupno raziskovalno središče, Inštitut za
tehnološka predvidevanja, Sevilla, 2012. V tem sporočilu se proizvodnja nanaša
na oddelek C in razdelke od 10 do 33 NACE Rev. 2. Industrija se nanaša na
širši obseg dejavnosti, ki vključujejo rudarjenje, izkopavanje in energetske
dejavnosti. |
| [2] Estimate based on Eurostat trade statistics. This figure refers to
manufactured products only and therefore, it does not include trade flows of
energy and raw materials where the EU presents a negative trade balance. | [2] Ocene temeljijo na Eurostatovih statističnih podatkih glede trgovine.
Ta številka velja le za proizvedene izdelke, zaradi česar ne vključuje
trgovinskih tokov energije in surovin, kjer ima EU negativno trgovinsko
bilanco. |
| [3] It is worth noting that while in some countries (Slovakia,
Lithuania, Austria, Germany and the Netherlands) the share of manufacturing in
GDP has increased since 2007, it has fallen in the rest. | [3] Vredno je omeniti, da se je delež proizvodnje
v BDP od leta 2007 v nekaterih državah (Slovaška, Litva, Avstrija, Nemčija
in Nizozemska) povečal, medtem ko se je v preostalih zmanjšal. |
| [4] European Competitiveness Report 2013 ‘Towards knowledge-driven
Reindustrialisation’ at http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/competitiveness-analysis/european-competitiveness-report/files/eu-2013-eur-comp-rep_en.pdf
and ‘Member states Competitiveness Performance and Implementation of EU
Industrial Policy’ at http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/monitoring-member-states/files/scoreboard-2013_en.pdf. | [4] Poročilo o evropski konkurenčnosti za
leto 2013 „K ponovni industrializaciji, ki temelji na znanju (Towards
Knowledge-Driven Reindustrialisation) “, ki je na voljo na http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/competitiveness-analysis/european-competitiveness-report/files/eu-2013-eur-comp-rep_en.pdf
ter „Uspešnost konkurenčnosti držav članic in izvajanje industrijske politike
EU (Member States Competitiveness Performance and Implementation of EU
Industrial Policy)“, ki je na voljo na http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/monitoring-member-states/files/scoreboard-2013_en.pdf. |
| [5] For both electricity and gas, the price differential with external
competitors (with the main exception of Japan) is increasing. | [5] Za elektriko in plin se razlike v ceni v
primerjavi z zunanjimi konkurenti (z Japonsko kot glavno izjemo) povečujejo. |
| [6] COM(2012) 582 final "A
Stronger European Industry for Growth and Economic Recovery" of 10.10.2012
and COM(2010) 614 final "An Integrated Industrial Policy for the
Globalisation Era Putting Competitiveness and Sustainability at Centre
Stage" of 28.10.2010. Several Member States including France, Spain,
Germany or the UK have also defined industrial policies or strategies at
national and regional level in recent years. | [6] COM(2012) 582 final
„Močnejša evropska industrija za rast in oživitev gospodarstva“ z dne 10. oktobra 2012
in COM(2010) 614 final „Celostna industrijska politika za dobo
globalizacije – Konkurenčnost in trajnost v središču pozornosti“ z dne 28. oktobra 2010.
Več držav članic, vključno s Francijo, Španijo, Nemčijo ali Združenim
kraljestvom, je prav tako opredelilo industrijske politike ali strategije na
nacionalni in regionalni ravni v zadnjih letih. |
| [7] These
mutually agreed contractual arrangements by Member States could support the implementation
of relevant aspects of industrial policy reflecting the economic policy
priorities identified in the European Council's shared analysis of the economic
situation in the Member States and the euro area as such on the basis of the
country-specific recommendations. | [7] Ti
skupaj dogovorjeni pogodbeni sporazumi držav članic bi lahko podprli izvajanje
zadevnih vidikov industrijske politike, ki odraža prednostne naloge gospodarske
politike, določene v skupni analizi Evropskega sveta gospodarskih razmer v
državah članicah in na samem euroobmočju na podlagi priporočil za posamezno
državo. |
| [8] The package is a major step to create a functioning Single European
Rail Area, where standardised trains and rail components progressively replace
the wide array of customised rolling stock and rail vehicle authorisation
procedures are streamlined. The Shift2Rail joint undertaking will support this
process by pooling public and private funds to speed up the development and
deployment of new technologies and solutions. | [8] Sveženj je velik korak pri ustvarjanju
delujočega enotnega evropskega železniškega območja, kjer bi standardizirani
vlaki in železniški deli postopoma nadomestili različna posebej prilagojena
tirna vozila, prav tako bi se poenostavili postopki izdaje dovoljenj za
železniška vozila. Skupno podjetje Shift2Rail bo podprlo ta postopek z
združitvijo javnih in zasebnih sredstev, da se pospešita razvoj in razporeditev
novih tehnologij in rešitev. |
| [9] In the road haulage sector, better enforcement of market access
provisions is necessary for further market opening. Harmonisation of safety and
technical rules in road haulage has already taken place setting the stage for a
possible liberalisation of this sector at EU level. | [9] V sektorju cestnega prevoza blaga je za
prihodnje odpiranje trga potrebna boljša uveljavitev določb o dostopu na trg.
Usklajevanje varnostnih in tehničnih pravil za cestni prevoz blaga se je že
začelo, kar je začetek morebitne liberalizacije tega sektorja na ravni EU. |
| [10] On 14 October 2013, the Commission adopted a list of 248 key energy
infrastructure projects, which on the basis of the new guidelines for
trans-European energy infrastructure (TEN-E) will benefit from faster and more
efficient permit granting procedures and improved regulatory treatment. In
addition, the Council and the European Parliament agreed in December 2013 on
the creation of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF), a €33.2-billion fund
to finance and attract investment to improve Europe's transport, energy and
digital networks. The CEF will contribute to create high-performing and
environmentally-sustainable interconnected networks across Europe. In the CEF,
€5.85 billion have been allocated to trans-European energy infrastructure for
the period 2014-20 that will contribute to market integration and supply
security in the EU's energy system. | [10] Komisija je 14. oktobra 2013
sprejela seznam 248 ključnih projektov energetske infrastrukture, ki bodo
na podlagi novih smernic za vseevropsko energetsko infrastrukturo (TEN-E) lahko
koristili hitrejše in bolj učinkovite postopke izdaje dovoljenj ter izboljšano
regulativno obravnavo. Svet in Evropski parlament sta decembra 2013
sklenila ustanoviti instrument za povezovanje Evrope (v nadaljnjem
besedilu: CEF), 33,2 milijarde EUR vreden sklad, ki bo financiral in
privlačil naložbe za izboljšanje evropskih prometnih, energetskih in digitalnih
omrežij. CEF bo prispeval k ustvarjanju hitro delujočih in okoljsko trajnostnih
medsebojno povezanih omrežij po Evropi. V okviru CEF je bilo za vseevropsko
energetsko strukturo v obdobju 2014–2020 dodeljene 5,85 milijarde EUR,
kar bo prispevalo k povezovanju trgov in zanesljivosti oskrbe v energetskem
sistemu EU. |
| [11] COM(2013) 18 final of 24.1.2013
"Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on
the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure". | [11] COM(2013) 18 final z dne 24. januarja 2013
„Predlog Direktive Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o vzpostavitvi infrastrukture
za alternativna goriva“. |
| [12] Commission Communication COM (2014) 25 final of 22.01.2014 ‘A
vision for the internal market for industrial products’ of 22.01.2014. | [12] Sporočilo Komisije COM(2014) 25 final z dne 22. januarja 2014
„A vision for the internal market for industrial
products (Vizija glede notranjega trga za industrijske
izdelke)“ z dne 22. januarja 2014. |
| [13] This initiative proposes common methods to measure the
environmental performance of products and organisation. By providing comparable
and reliable environmental information about products will facilitate the
integration of markets for those goods across the EU. | [13] Ta pobuda predstavlja skupne načine za
merjenje okoljske uspešnosti izdelkov in organizacije. Z zagotavljanjem
primerljivih in zanesljivih okoljskih informacij o izdelkih se olajša
povezovanje trgov za navedeno blago po EU. |
| [14] Single Market Integration Report at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2013:0785:FIN:EN:PDF | [14] Poročilo o povezovanju notranjega trga je na
voljo na http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2013:0785:FIN:SL:PDF. |
| [15] Communication of 8 June 2012 (COM (2012) 261 final "A
partnership for new growth in services 2012 – 2015) | [15] Sporočilo z dne 8. junija 2012 (COM
(2012) 261 final „Partnerstvo za novo rast na področju storitev 2012–2015“). |
| [16] In 2008, the World Bank’s Doing Business listed eight Member States
in the top 20, three of them in the top 10. In 2013, there were only 6 Member
States in the top 20, and two in the top10. | [16] Leta 2008 je raziskava Svetovne banke „Doing
business“ med najboljših 20 uvrstila osem držav članic in tri med
najboljših deset. Leta 2013 je bilo med najboljšimi 20 le še šest
držav članic in med najboljšimi desetimi le dve. |
| [17] See Competitiveness Council Conclusions of 2-3 December 2013. | [17] Glej sklepe Sveta za konkurenčnost z dne 2.
in 3. decembra 2013. |
| [18] In addition, other initiatives are undertaken to facilitate the
implementation of regulations in specific areas. For instance, EU waste
legislation is under review with a view to make it clear and easily enforceable
and to facilitate the recycling of secondary raw materials. | [18] Druge pobude so sprejete z namenom, da se
olajša izvajanje uredb na določenih področjih. Na primer, zakonodaja o ravnanju
z odpadki se pregleduje, da bo postala jasna in enostavno izvršljiva ter da se
bo olajšalo recikliranje sekundarnih surovin. |
| [19] See forthcoming Staff Working Document "Advancing
Manufacturing – Advancing Europe. | [19] Glej prihodnji delovni dokument služb
Komisije „Advancing Manufacturing – Advancing
Europe (Napredovanje
proizvodnje – napredovanje Evrope)“. |
| [20] For a description and interpretation of
the cascading principle, see | [20]
Za
opis in razlago načela postopnosti, glej |
| http://ec.europa.eu/research/bioeconomy/pdf/201202_commision_staff_working.pdf
- Commission Staff Working Paper that is accompanying the Commission's
Communication on the Bioeconomy Strategy – see pages 25-26, 2nd paragraph in
section 1.3.3.1. and http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A7-2013-0201+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN
– European Parliament Opinion on the Commission Communication on the Bioeconomy
Strategy – see item 28 on pages 6 & 7. | http://ec.europa.eu/research/bioeconomy/pdf/201202_commision_staff_working.pdf
– delovni dokument služb Komisije, ki spremlja sporočilo Komisije o strategiji
biogospodarstva – glej strani 25–26, drugi odstavek oddelka 1.3.3.1. in
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A7-2013-0201+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN
– mnenje Evropskega parlamenta o sporočilu Komisije o strategiji
biogospodarstva – glej točko 28 na straneh 6 in 7. |
| [21] The Commission recently selected two smart grid projects as
Projects of Common Interest for trans-European energy infrastructure. | [21] Komisija je nedavno izbrala dva projekta
energetskih omrežij kot projekta skupnega interesa za vseevropsko energetsko
infrastrukturo. |
| [22] European Directive 2011/7/EU on combating
late payment in commercial transactions of 16.2.2011 at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:048:0001:0010:en:PDF | [22] Evropska direktiva 2011/7/EU o boju
proti zamudam pri plačilih v trgovinskih poslih z dne 16. februarja 2011
je na voljo na http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:048:0001:0010:sl:PDF. |
| [23] These prices are not corrected by quality differences, as EU
electricity supply is more reliable with fewer cuts than in these countries. | [23] Teh cen razlike v kakovosti ne popravijo, saj
je oskrba z električno energijo v EU z manj prekinitvami oskrbe bolj zanesljiva
kot v teh državah. |
| [24] COM (2014) 21 final of 22 January 2014 "Energy Prices and
Costs in Europe". See this Communication for a detailed account of the
evolution of energy costs and prices. | [24] COM (2014) 21 final z dne 22. januarja 2014
„Energy Prices and Costs in Europe (Cene energije in stroški v Evropi)“. Za
podrobno poročilo o razvoju stroškov in cen energije glej to sporočilo. |
| [25] COM(2014)
15 final “A Policy Framework for Climate and Energy in the period from
2020-2030”, COM(2014)
20 final “Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of
the Council concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability
reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme amending directive
2003/87/EC”, COM(2014)
23 final, “On the exploration and production of hydrocarbons (such as
shale gas) using high volume hydraulic fracturing in the EU” and C(2014) 267 final
“Commission recommendation on minimum principles for the exploration and
production of hydrocarbons (such as shale gas) using high volume hydraulic
fracturing in the EU”, all of 22.01.2014. | [25] COM(2014)
15 final „A Policy Framework for Climate and Energy in the period from
2020-2030 (Politični okvir za podnebje in energijo za
obdobje 2020–2030)“, COM(2014) 20 final
„Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament
and of the Council concerning the establishment and operation of a market
stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas
emission trading scheme amending directive 2003/87/EC (Predlog sklepa Evropskega parlamenta in
Sveta o oblikovanju in delovanju rezerve, namenjene tržni stabilnosti, za
sistem trgovanja z emisijami toplogrednih plinov, ki spreminja Direktivo 2003/87/ES)“,
COM(2014) 23 final,
„On the exploration and production of hydrocarbons
(such as shale gas) using high volume hydraulic fracturing in the EU (O raziskavah in proizvodnji
ogljikovodikov (na primer plina iz skrilavca) z uporabo hidravličnega
drobljenja v velikem obsegu v EU)“ in C(2014) 267 final „Commission recommendation on minimum principles for the exploration
and production of hydrocarbons (such as shale gas) using high volume hydraulic
fracturing in the EU (Priporočilo Komisije o
minimalnih načelih za raziskovanje in izkoriščanje ogljikovodikov (na primer
plina iz skrilavca), pri katerem se uporablja obsežno hidravlično lomljenje)“,
vse z dne 22. januarja 2014. |
| [26]
Materials costs represent more than 40% of the manufacturing costs on average
according to the VDI (The Association of German Engineers) "Cost Structure
of the Manufacturing Sector". It is estimated that resource efficiency
improvements could reduce material inputs needs by 17 to 24% by 2030. See
"Macroeconomic modelling of sustainable development and the links between
the economy and the environment" (2011), GWS et al for the Commission at
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/studies_modelling/pdf/report_macroeconomic.pdf | [26] V skladu s
„stroškovno strukturo proizvodnega sektorja“ Zveze nemških inženirjev (VDI)
materialni stroški predstavljajo več kot 40 % proizvodnih stroškov.
Ocenjeno je, da bi izboljšave pri učinkoviti rabi virov do leta 2030 lahko
zmanjšale potrebne materialne vložke za od 17 % do 24 %. Glej
„Makroekonomsko modeliranje trajnostnega razvoja in povezav med gospodarstvom
in okoljem (Macroeconomic modelling of sustainable development and the links
between the economy and the environment)“, (2011), GWS in drugi za Komisijo
na voljo na: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/studies_modelling/pdf/report_macroeconomic.pdf. |
| [27] In the context of the second pillar of the Raw Materials Initiative
the Commission will publish a Report on National Minerals Policy Indicators in
2014 on Member States performance on the permit licensing and the land use
planning as well as launching a public consultation in order to explore with
all stakeholders the political options towards a possible harmonisation of some
aspects of permitting procedures and land use planning. | [27] Komisija bo leta 2014 v okviru drugega
stebra pobude za surovine objavila poročilo o kazalnikih nacionalne politike o
mineralih glede izdaje dovoljenj držav članic in načrtovanja rabe tal, kot tudi
začetka javnih posvetovanj, da se z vsemi deležniki razišče politične možnosti
za morebitno usklajevanje nekaterih vidikov postopkov izdaje dovoljenj in
načrtovanja rabe tal. |
| [28] See sections on the chemicals and forest-based industries in the
accompanying Staff Working Document. | [28] Glej oddelke o kemikalijah in industrijah, ki
temeljijo na gozdarstvu, v spremnem delovnem dokumentu služb Komisije. |
| [29] See the Proposal for a Council Recommendation on a Quality
Framework for Traineeships, of 4 December 2013, COM (2013) 857 final | [29] Glej Priporočilo Sveta o okviru za kakovost
pripravništev z dne 4. decembra 2013, COM(2013) 857 final. |
| [30] COM (2012) 669 final, “Rethinking Education
Investing in skills for better socio-economic outcomes”
of 20.11.2012. | [30] COM(2012) 669 final, „Ponovni razmislek o
izobraževanju: naložbe v spretnosti za boljše
socialno-ekonomske rezultate“ z dne 20. novembra 2012. |
| [31] Employment and social aspects of anticipation of change and
restructuring have been dealt with in the 13 December 2013 Commission
Communication (COM/2013) 882 final). | [31] Zaposlovanje in socialni vidiki pričakovanja
spremembe in prestrukturiranja so obravnavani v sporočilu Komisije (COM/2013) 882
final z dne 13. decembra 2013. |
| [32] For the specific potential of "blue growth" see COM(2012)
494 final "Blue Growth - opportunities for marine and
maritime sustainable growth" of 13.9.2012. | [32] Za posebni potencial „modre rasti“ glej COM(2012)
494 final „Modra rast: možnosti za trajnostno rast v morskem in
pomorskem sektorju“ z dne 13. septembra 2012. |
| [33] These proposals will be coordinated and complement other actions in
preparation in the field of Justice to facilitate cross-border debt recoveries.
Also in that field and as a follow-up to the 2012 Communication on “A new
approach to business failure and insolvency”, minimum standards will allow
companies in financial difficulties to restructure efficiently their debts and
avoid their insolvency. | [33] Ti predlogi bodo usklajeni in bodo
dopolnjevali druge ukrepe v pripravi na področju pravosodja, da se omogoči
čezmejne izterjave dolga. Na navedenem področju in kot izvajanje sporočila o
„novem pristopu k poslovnemu neuspehu in plačilni nesposobnosti“ iz leta 2012
bodo minimalni standardi podjetjem s finančnimi težavami omogočili učinkovito
prestrukturiranje svojih dolgov in izognitev plačilni nesposobnosti. |
| [34] COM(2012)
124 final of 21.3.2012, Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament
and of the Council on the access of third-country goods and services to the
Union’s internal market in public procurement and procedures supporting
negotiations on access of Union goods and services to the public procurement
markets of third countries. | [34]
COM(2012)
124 final z dne 21.3.2012, Predlog Uredbe Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o
dostopu blaga in storitev tretje države do notranjega trga javnih naročil Unije
ter postopkih za podporo pogajanjem o dostopu blaga in storitev Unije do trgov
javnih naročil tretjih držav. |
