COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 20 December 1979 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC (80/181/EEC)

Id-Direttiva tal-Kunsill

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

ta' l-20 ta' Diċembru 1979

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof,

dwar l-approssimazzjoni tal-liġijiet ta' l-Istati Membri dwar l-unitajiet ta' kejl u dwar l-irrevokar tad-Direttiva 71/354/KEE

Having regard to Council Directive 71/354/EEC of 18 October 1971 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement (1), as last amended by Council Directive 76/770/EEC (2),

(80/181/KEE)

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (3),

IL-KUNSILL TAL-KOMMUNITAJIET EWROPEJ,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (4),

Wara li kkunsidra t-Trattat li jistabbilixxi l-Komunità Ekonomika Ewropea, u b'mod partikolari l-Artikolu 100 tiegħu,

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (5),

Wara li kkunsidra d-Direttiva tal-Kunsill 71/354/KEE tat-18 ta'' Ottubru 1971 dwar l-approssimazzjoni tal-liġijiet ta' l-Istati Membri dwar l-unitajiet ta' kejl [1], hekk kif emendata l-aħħar bid-Direttiva tal-Kunsill 76/770/KEE [2],

Whereas units of measurement are essential in the use of all measuring instruments, to express measurements or any indication of quantity ; whereas units of measurement are used in most fields of human activity ; whereas it is necessary to ensure the greatest possible clarity in their use ; whereas it is therefore necessary to make rules for their use within the Community for economic, public health, public safety or administrative purposes;

Wara li kkunsidra l-proposta mill-Kummissjoni [3],

Whereas, however, there exist international conventions or agreements in the field of international transport which bind the Community or the Member States ; whereas these conventions or agreements have to be respected;

Wara li kkunsidra l-opinjoni tal-Parlament Ewropew [4],

Whereas the laws which regulate the use of units of measurement in the Member States differ from one Member State to another and as a result hinder trade ; whereas, in these circumstances, it is necessary to harmonize laws, regulations and administrative provisions in order to overcome such obstacles;

Wara li kkunsidra l-opinjoni tal-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali [5],

Whereas units of measurement are the subject of international resolutions adopted by the General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) set up by the Metre Convention signed in Paris on 20 May 1875, to which all the Member States adhere ; whereas the "International System of Units" (SI) was drawn up as a result of these resolutions;

Billi l-unitajiet ta' kejl huma essenzjali fl-użu ta' l-istrumenti kollha ta' kejl, sabiex jesprimu kejl jew kull indikazzjoni ta' kwantità; billi l-unitajiet ta' kejl huma użati f'bosta oqsma ta' l-attività umana; billi hemm bżonn li tiġi żgurata l-akbar kjarezza possibbli fl-użu tagħhom; billi hemm bżonn li jsiru regoli għall-użu tagħhom fi ħdan il-Komunità għal skopijiet ekonomiċi, ta' saħħa pubblika, ta' sigurtà pubblika, jew amministrattivi;

Whereas the Council on 18 October 1971 adopted Directive 71/354/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States in order to eliminate obstacles to trade by adopting the international system of units at Community level ; whereas Directive 71/354/EEC was amended by the Act of Accession and by Directive 76/770/EEC;

Billi, madankollu, jeżistu konvenzjonijiet jew ftehim internazzjonali fil-qasam tat-trasport internazzjonali li jorbtu lill-Komunità jew lill-Istati Membri; billi dawn il-konvenzjonijiet u l-ftehim għandhom jiġu rispettati;

Whereas these Community provisions have not overcome all the obstacles in this field ; whereas Directive 76/770/EEC provides for the review before 31 December 1979 of the situation regarding units of measurement, names and symbols listed in Chapter D of the Annex thereto ; whereas it has also proved necessary to review the situation regarding certain other units of measurement;

Billi l-liġijiet li jirregolaw l-użu ta' l-unitajiet ta' kejl fl-Istati Membri jvarjaw minn Stat Membru għall-ieħor, u bħala riżultat huma ostaklu għall-kummerċ; billi f'dawn iċ-ċirkostanzi, huwa neċessarju illi ssir armonizzazzjoni tal-liġijiet, regolamenti, u dispożizzjonijiet amministrattivi sabiex jiġu megħluba dawn l-ostakoli;

Whereas it is necessary, in order to avoid serious difficulties, to provide for a transitional period during which units of measurement which are not compatible with the international system can be phased out ; whereas it is nevertheless essential to allow the Member States wishing to do so to bring into force as quickly as possible, on their territory, the provisions of Chapter I of the Annex ; whereas it is therefore necessary to limit the duration of this transitional period at Community level while, at the same time, leaving the Member States free to curtail that period;

Billi l-unitajiet ta' kejl huma soġġetti għar-riżoluzzjonijiet internazzjonali adottati mill-Konferenza Ġenerali dwar il-Piżijiet u l-Kejl (CGPM) stabbilita mill-Konvenzjoni tal-Metru hekk kif iffirmata f'Pariġi nhar l-20 ta' Mejju 1875, li għaliha jaderixxu l-Istati Membri kollha; billi l-"International System of Units" (SI) ġiet stabbilita b'riżultat ta' dawn ir-riżoluzzjonijiet;

Whereas, during the transitional period, it is essential, particularly in order to protect the consumer, to maintain a clear position on the use of units of measurement in trade between the Member States ; whereas the obligation on the Member States to allow use of supplementary indications on products and equipment imported from other Member States during this transitional period seems to serve this purpose well; (1)OJ No L 243, 29.10.1971, p. 29. (2)OJ No L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 204. (3)OJ No C 81, 28.3.1979, p. 6. (4)OJ No C 127, 21.5.1979, p. 80. (5)Opinion delivered on 24/25 October 1979 (not yet published in the Official Journal).

Billi l-Kunsill fit-18 ta' Ottubru 1971 adotta d-Direttiva 71/354/KEE dwar l-approssimazzjoni tal-liġijiet ta' l-Istati Membri sabiex jeliminaw l-ostakoli għall-kummerċ billi jadottaw is-sistema internazzjonali ta' l-unitajiet fuq livell Komunitarju; billi d-Direttiva 71/354/KEE ġiet emendata bl-Att ta' Adeżjoni u bid-Direttiva 76/770/KEE;

Whereas the systematic adoption of a solution of this kind for all measuring instruments, including medical instruments, is however not necessarily desirable ; whereas the Member States should therefore be able to require that, on their territory, measuring instruments bear indications of quantity in a single legal unit of measurement;

Billi dawn id-dispożizzjonijiet tal-Komunità ma għelbux l-ostakoli kollha f'dan il-qasam; billi d-Direttiva 76/770/KEE tipprovdi għal reviżjoni qabel il-31 ta' Diċembru 1979 tas-sitwazzjoni li għandha x'taqsam ma' l-unitajiet ta' kejl, ismijiet u simboli elenkati fil-Kapitolu D ta' l-Anness tagħha; billi huwa neċessarju wkoll illi ssir reviżjoni tas-sitwazzjoni dwar ċerti unitajiet oħra ta' kejl;

Whereas this Directive does not affect the continued manufacture of products already on the market ; whereas it does, however, affect the placing on the market and use of products and equipment bearing indications of quantity in units of measurement which are no longer legal units of measurement, when such products and equipment are necessary to supplement or replace components or parts of such products, equipment and instruments already on the market ; whereas it is therefore necessary for Member States to authorize the placing on the market and the use of such products and equipment to complete and replace components, even when they bear indications of quantity in units of measurement which are no longer legal units of measurement, so that products, equipment or instruments already on the market may continue to be used;

Billi huwa neċessarju, sabiex ma jkunx hemm diffikultajiet serji, li jkun provdut għal perjodu ta' transizzjoni li matulu l-unitajiet ta' kejl li mhumiex kompatibbli mas-sistema internazzjonali jinqatgħu gradwalment; billi madankollu huwa essenzjali illi dawk l-Istati Membri li jixtiequ jingħataw permess sabiex idaħħlu fis-seħħ malajr kemm jista' jkun, fit-territorju tagħhom, id-dispożizzjonijiet tal-Kapitolu 1 ta' l-Anness; billi għalhekk huwa neċessarju illi jiġi limitat it-tul ta' dan il-perjodu ta' transizzjoni f'livell Komunitarju, waqt illi fl-istess ħin, l-Stati Membri jkunu mħollija jillimitaw dan il-perjodu;

Whereas the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) on 1 March 1974 adopted an international standard on the representation of SI and other units for use in systems with limited sets of characters ; whereas it is advisable for the Community to adopt the solutions which have already been approved on a wider international level by ISO Standard 2955 of 1 March 1974;

Billi matul il-perjodu ta' transizzjoni huwa essenzjali, b'mod partikolari, sabiex ikun protett il-konsumatur, illi tinżamm pożizzjoni ċara dwar l-użu ta' l-unitajiet ta' kejl fil-kummerċ bejn l-Istati Membri; billi l-obbligu fuq l-Istati Membri li jippermettu l-użu ta' indikazzjonijiet supplimentari fuq il-prodotti u t-tagħmir importat minn Stati Membri oħra matul dan il-perjodu ta' transizzjoni jidher li qiegħed jaqdi dan il-għan tajjeb;

Whereas Community provisions relating to units of measurement are to be found in several Community texts ; whereas the question of units of measurement is so important that it is essential that reference may be made to a single Community text ; whereas this Directive thereby consolidates all the Community provisions on the subject and repeals Directive 71/354/EEC,

Billi l-adozzjoni sistematika ta' soluzzjoni ta' dan it-tip għall-istrumenti kollha ta' kejl, inklużi strumenti mediċi, mhix neċessarjament mixtieqa; billi l-Istati Membri għandhom għaldaqstant ikunu jistgħu jeħtieġu, illi fuq it-territorju tagħhom, l-istrumenti ta' kejl ikollhom indikazzjonijiet tal-kwantità f'unità legali ta' kejl waħdanija;

HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

Billi din id-Direttiva ma taffettwax it-tkomplija ta'manifattura ta' prodotti li diġà jinsabu fuq is-suq; billi. madankollu, taffetwa fil-fatt it-tqegħid fis-suq u l-użu ta' prodotti u tagħmir li fihom indikazzjonijiet ta' kwantità f'unitajiet ta' kejl li ma għadhomx unitajiet legali ta' kejl, meta prodotti u tagħmir bħal dawn huma neċċessarji sabiex jissupplimentaw jew jissostitwixxu komponenti u partijiet ta' prodotti, tagħmir, u strumenti bħal dawn li jkunu diġà fis-suq; billi huwa għalhekk neċessarju għall-Istati Membri sabiex jawtorizzaw it-tqegħid fis-suq u l-użu ta' tali prodotti u tagħmir sabiex ilestu u jissostitwixxu komponenti, anke fejn ikun fihom indikazzjonijiet ta' kwantità f'unitajiet ta' kejl li ma jkunux għadhom unitajiet legali ta' kejl, sabiex prodotti, tagħmir u strumenti diġà fis-suq ikunu jistgħu jibqgħu jintużaw;

Billi l-Organizazzjoni Internazzjonali għall-Istandardizzazzjoni (ISO), nhar l-1 ta' Marzu 1974, adottat standard internazzjonali fir-rappreżentazzjoni ta' l-SI u unitajiet oħra sabiex jintużaw f'sistemi b'numru limitat ta' karattri; billi huwa tajjeb għall-Komunità illi tadotta soluzzjonijiet li diġà ġew approvati fuq livell internazzjonali aktar wiesa' mill-Istandard ta' l-ISO 2955 ta' l-1 ta' Marzu 1974;

Article 1

Billi d-dispożizzjonijiet tal-Komunità dwar l-unitajiet ta' kejl jinsabu f'diversi testi tal-Komunità; billi kwistjonijiet dwar l-unitajiet ta' kejl huma tant importanti illi huwa essenzjali illi tkun tista' ssir riferenza għal test tal-Komunità wieħed; billi din id-Direttiva tikkonsolida d-dispożizzjonijiet tal-Komunità kollha dwar is-suġġett u tirrevoka d-Direttiva 71/354/KEE,

The legal units of measurement within the meaning of this Directive which must be used for expressing quantities shall be: (a) those listed in Chapter I of the Annex;

ADOTTA DIN ID-DIRETTIVA:

(b) those listed in Chapter II of the Annex, until a date to be fixed by the Member States ; this date may not be later than 31 December 1985;

L-Artikolu 1

(c) those listed in Chapter III of the Annex only in those Member States where they were authorized on 21 April 1973 and until a date to be fixed by those Member States ; this date may not be later than a date to be set by the Council before 31 December 1989 on the basis of Article 100 of the Treaty.

L-unitajiet legali ta' kejl fi ħdan it-tifsira ta' din id-Direttiva li għandhom jintużaw sabiex jesprimu l-kwantitajiet għandhom ikunu

(a) dawk elenkati fil-Kapitolu 1 ta' l-Anness;

(b) dawk elenkati fil-Kapitolu II ta' l-Anness, sa data li għandha tkun stabbilita mill-Istati Membri, din id-data ma għandhiex tkun aktar tard mill-31 ta' Diċembru 1985;

(ċ) dawk elenkati fil-Kapitolu III ta' l-Anness biss f'dawk l-Istati Membri fejn kienu ġew awtorizzati nhar il-21 ta' April 1973 u sa data li għandha tkun stabbilita minn dawk l-Istati Membri; din id-data ma għandhiex tkun aktar tard mid-data stabbilta mill-Kunsill qabel il-31 ta' Diċembru 1989 fuq il-bażi ta' l-Artikolu 100 tat-Trattat.

Article 2

L-Artikolu 2

(a) The obligations arising under Article 1 relate to measuring instruments used, measurements made and indications of quantity expressed in units of measurement, for economic, public health, public safety or administrative purposes.

(a) L-obbligi taħt l-Artikolu 1 għandhom x'jasqsmu ma' l-istrumenti ta' kejl użati, kejl meħud u indikazzjonijiet tal-kwantità espressi f'unitajiet ta' kejl, għal skopijiet ekonomiċi, ta' saħħa pubblika, sigurtà pubblika, u amministrattivi.

(b) This Directive shall not affect the use in the field of air and sea transport and rail traffic of units, other than those made compulsory by the Directive, which have been laid down in international conventions or agreements binding the Community or the Member States.

(b) Din id-Direttiva ma għandhiex taffetwa l-użu ta' l-unitajiet fil-qasam tat-trasport bl-arja u bil-baħar u traffiku fuq il-linji tal-ferroviji, għajr jekk magħmula obbligatorji bis-saħħa ta' din id-Direttiva, li ġew stabbiliti fil-konvenzjonijiet jew ftehim internazzjonali li jorbtu lill-Komunità jew lill-Istati Membri.

L-Artikolu 3

1. Għall-fini ta' din id-Direttiva "indikazzjoni supplementari" tfisser indikazzjoni waħda jew aktar ta' kwantità espressa f'unitajiet ta' kejl li ma jinsabux fil-Kapitolu 1 ta' l-Anness li jakkumpanjaw l-indikazzjoni ta' kwantità espressa f'unità li tinsab f'dak il-Kapitolu.

Article 3

2. L-użu ta' indikazzjonijiet supplimentari għandu jiġi awtorizzat sal-31 ta' Diċembru 1989.

1. For the purposes of this Directive "supplementary indication" means one or more indications of quantity expressed in units of measurement not contained in Chapter I of the Annex accompanying an indication of quantity expressed in a unit contained in that Chapter.

3. Madanakollu, l-Istati Membri jistgħu jitolbu li l-istrumenti ta' kejl ikun fihom indikazzjonijiet ta' kwantità f'unità legali ta' kejl waħda.

2. The use of supplementary indications shall be authorized until 31 December 1989.

4. L-indikazzjoni espressa f'unità ta' kejl stabbilita fil-Kapitolu 1 għandha tippredomina. B'mod partikolari, l-indikazzjonijiet espressi f'unitajiet ta' kejl mhux elenkati fil-Kapitolu 1 għandhom jiġu espressi f'karattri mhux ikbar minn dawk ta' l-indikazzjoni korrispondenti f'unitajiet elenkati fil-Kapitolu I.

3. However, Member States may require that measuring instruments bear indications of quantity in a single legal unit of measurement.

5. L-użu ta' indikazzjonijiet supplimentari jista' jiġi estiż wara l-31 ta' Diċembru 1989.

4. The indication expressed in a unit of measurement listed in Chapter I shall predominate. In particular, the indications expressed in units of measurement not listed in Chapter I shall be expressed in characters no larger than those of the corresponding indication in units listed in Chapter I.

L-Artikolu 4

5. The use of supplementary indications may be extended after 31 December 1989.

L-użu ta' unitajiet ta' kejl li mhumiex jew li ma għadhomx aktar legali għandu jiġi awtorizzat għal:

- prodotti u tagħmir diġà fis-suq u/jew li qiegħed fis-servizz fid-data li fiha hija adottata din id-Direttiva,

Article 4

- komponenti u partijiet ta' prodotti u ta' tagħmir meħtieġa sabiex jissupplimentaw jew jissostitwixxu komponenti u partijiet tal-prodotti u tat-tagħmir ta' hawn fuq.

The use of units of measurement which are not or are no longer legal shall be authorized for: - products and equipment already on the market and/or in service on the date on which this Directive is adopted,

Madanakollu, l-użu ta' unitajiet legali ta' kejl jista' jkun meħtieġ għal indikaturi ta' strumenti ta' kejl.

- components and parts of products and of equipment necessary to supplement or replace components or parts of the above products and equipment.

L-Artikolu 5

L-istandard internazzjonali ISO 2955 ta' l-1 ta' Marzu 1974, "Ipproċessar ta" informazzjoni - Rappreżentazzjonijiet tal-SI u unitajiet oħra li jintużaw f'sistemi b'settijiet ta' karattri limitati "għandu japplika fil-qasam kopert bil-paragrafu 1 tiegħu.

L-Artikolu 6

However, the use of legal units of measurement may be required for the indicators of measuring instruments.

Id-Direttiva 71/354/KEE għandha tiġi rrevokata nhar l-1 ta' Ottubru 1981.

Madanakollu, b'deroga mid-Direttiva 71/354/KEE, l-Istati Membri għandhom jawtorizzaw jew ikomplu jippermettu skond it-termini speċifikati fl-Artikolu 1 ta' din id-Direttiva, l-użu ta' l-unitajiet ta' kejl li ġejjin wara l-31 ta' Diċembru 1979:

Article 5

millimetru ta' merkurju | (il-Kapitolu II) |

International standard ISO 2955 of 1 March 1974, "Information processing - Representations of SI and other units for use in systems with limited character sets" shall apply in the field covered by paragraph 1 thereof.

poise | (il-Kapitolu II) |

stokes | (il-Kaptiolu II) |

Article 6

jarda | (il-Kapitolu III) |

Directive 71/354/EEC shall be repealed on 1 October 1981.

jarda kwadra | (il-Kapitolu III) |

However, by way of derogation from Directive 71/354/EEC, Member States shall authorize or continue to allow on the terms specified in Article 1 of this Directive the use of the following units of measurement after 31 December 1979: >PIC FILE= "T0013329">

therm | (il-Kapitolu III) |

L-Artikolu 7

Article 7

(a) L-Istati Membri għandhom jadottaw u jippubblikaw qabel l-1 ta' Lulju 1981, il-liġijiet, ir-regolamenti, u d-dispożizzjonijiet amministrattivi neċessarji sabiex jikkonformaw ma' din id-Direttiva u għandhom jinfurmaw lill-Kummissjoni minnufih b'dan.

(a) Member States shall adopt and publish before 1 July 1981 the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive and shall inform the Commission thereof.

Dawn għandhom japplikaw dawn il-dispożizzjonijiet mill-1 ta' Ottubru 1981.

They shall apply these provisions from 1 October 1981.

(b) Sa mid-data tan-notifika ta' din id-Direttiva, l-Istati Membri għandhom jiżguraw ukoll illi l-Kummissjoni tkun infurmata, f'ħin tajjeb li jippermettilha illi tissottometti l-kummenti tagħha, bi kwalunkwe abbozz ta' liġi, regolament u dispożizzjoni amministrattiva li huma jkollhom il-ħsieb li jadottaw fil-qasam kopert b'din id-Direttiva.

(b) As from the date of notification of this Directive, Member States shall also ensure that the Commission is informed, in sufficient time to enable it to submit its comments, of any draft laws, regulations or administrative provisions which they intend to adopt in the field covered by this Directive.

L-Artikolu 8

Din id-direttiva hija indirizzata lill-Istati Membri.

Article 8

Magħmula fi Brussel, fl-20 ta' Diċembru 1979.

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Għall-Kunsill

Il-President

J. Tunney

Done at Brussels, 20 December 1979.

[1] ĠU L 243, tad-29.10.1971, p. 29

For the Council

[2] ĠU L 262, tas-27.9.1976, p. 204

The President

[3] ĠU C 81, tat-28.3.1979, p. 6

J. TUNNEY

[4] ĠU C 127, tal-21.5.1979, p. 80

[5] L-Opinjoni mogħtija fl-24/25 ta' Ottubru 1979 (għadha mhux ippubblikata fil-Ġurnal Uffiċjali)

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L-ANNESS

ANNEX

IL-KAPITOLU I

CHAPTER I LEGAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 1 (a)

UNITAJIET LEGALI TA' KEJL LI SARET REFERENZA GĦALIHOM FL-ARTIKOLU 1(a)

1. SI UNITS AND THEIR DECIMAL MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES 1.1. SI base units >PIC FILE= "T0013330">

1. UNITAJIET SI U L-MULTIPLI U S-SUBMULTIPLI DEĊIMALI TAGĦHOM

Definitions of SI base units:

1.1. unitajiet SI bażi

Unit of length

The metre is the length equal to 1 650 763 773 wavelengths in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the levels 2p10 and 5d5 of the krypton 86 atom.

Kwantità | Unità |

(Eleventh CGPM (1960), resolution 6).

Isem | Simbolu |

Unit of mass

Tul | metru | m |

The kilogram is the unit of mass ; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram.

Piż | kilogramm | kg |

(Third CGPM (1901), page 70 of the conference report).

Ħin | sekonda | s |

Unit of time

Kurrent Elettriku | ampere | A |

The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.

Temperatura termodinamika | kelvin | K |

(Thirteenth CGPM (1967), resolution 1).

Ammont ta' sustanza | mole | mol |

Unit of electric current >PIC FILE= "T0013390">

Intensità ta' luminosità | candela | cd |

(CIPM (1946), resolution 2, approved by the ninth CGPM (1948)).

Definizzjonijiet ta' l-unitajiet SI bażi:

Unit of thermodynamic temperature

Unità tat-tul

The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273 716 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.

Il-metru huwa t-tul ugwali għal 1650763·73 wavelengths f'vakwu tar-radjazzjoni li tikkorrispondi għat-transizzjoni bejn il-livelli 2p10 u 5d5 ta' l-atomu ta' krypton 86.

(Thirteenth CGPM (1967), resolution 4).

(Il-Ħdax-il CGPM (1960), riżoluzzjoni 6).

Unit of amount of substance

Unità tal-massa

The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0 7012 kg of carbon 12.

Il-kilogramm hija l-unità tal-massa; huwa ugwali għall-massa tal-prototip internazzjonali tal-kilogramm.

When the mole is used the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles or specified groups of such particles.

(It-Tielet CGPM (1901), paġna 70 tar-rapport tal-konferenza).

(Fourteenth CGPM (1971), resolution 3).

Unità tal-ħin

Unit of luminous intensity >PIC FILE= "T0013391">

Is-sekonda hija t-tul ta' żmien ta' 9192631770 perjodi tar-radjazzjoni li tikkorrispondi għat-transizzjoni bejn żewġ livelli iperfini u l-ground state ta' l-atomu ta' caesium-133.

(Sixteenth CGPM (1979), resolution 3). 1.1.1. Special name and symbol of the SI unit of temperature for expressing Celsius temperature >PIC FILE= "T0013331">

(It-Tlettax-il CGPM (1967), riżoluzzjoni 1).

Celsius temperature t is defined as the difference t = T - T0 between the two thermodynamic temperatures T and T0 where T0 = 273 715 kelvins. An interval of or difference in temperature may be expressed either in kelvins or in degrees Celsius. The unit of "degree Celsius" is equal to the unit "kelvin".

L-Unità tal-kurrent ta' l-elettriku

L-ampere huwa dak il-kurrent kostanti li jekk miżmum f'żewġ tulijiet dritti paralleli infiniti, ta' sezzjoni trasversali tonda negliġibbli u mpoġġija metru 'l bogħod mill-ieħor f'vakwu, jipproduċi bejn iż-żewġ materjali kondutturi forza ugwali għal 2 x 10-7newton għal kull metru ta' tul.

(CIPM (1946), riżoluzzjoni 2, approvata mid-disa' CGPM (1948)).

1.2. Other SI units 1.2.1. Supplementary SI units >PIC FILE= "T0013332">

L-Unità tat-temperatura termodinamika

(Eleventh CGPM, 1960, resolution 12).

Il-kelvin, unità ta' temperatura termodinamika, hija l-frazzjoni ta' 1/273·16 tat-temperatura termodinamika tat-triple point ta' l-ilma.

Definitions of supplementary SI units:

(It-Tlettax-il CGPM (1967), riżoluzzjoni 4).

Plane angle unit

L-Unità ta' ammont ta' sustanza

The radian is the plane angle between two radii which, on the circumference of a circle, cut an arc equal in length to the radius.

(1) Il-mole hija l-ammont ta' sustanza ta' sistema li fiha entitajiet elementari daqs kemm hemm atomi f'0·012 kg ta' carbon 12.

(International standard ISO 31 - I, December 1965).

(2) Meta l-mole hija użata, l-entitajiet elementari għandhom jiġu speċifikati u jistgħu jkunu atomi, molekuli, jonji, elettroni, jew partikuli oħra jew gruppi speċifiċi ta' tali partikuli.

Solid angle unit

(L-Erbatax-il CGPM (1971), riżoluzzjoni 3).

The steradian is the solid angle which has its apex at the centre of a sphere and which describes on the surface of the sphere an area equal to that of a square having as its side the radius of the sphere.

L-Unità ta' intensità tal-luminosità

(International standard ISO 31 - I, December 1965).

Il-candela hija l-intensità tal-luminosità, f'direzzjoni partikolari, ta' sors li jemetti raġġi monokromatiċi bi frekwenza ta' 540 x 1012hertz u li l-intensità ta' radjanti f'dik id-direzzjoni hija ta' (1/683) watt per steradian

1.2.2. Derived SI units

(Is-Sittax -il CGPM (1979), riżoluzzjoni 3).

Units derived coherently from SI base units and supplementary SI units are given as algebraic expressions in the form of products of powers of the SI base units and/or supplementary SI units with a numerical factor equal to 1.

1.1.1. Isem speċjali jew simbolu ta' l-unità ta' temperatura SI biex tkun espressa t-temperatura f'Celsius

1.2.3. Derived SI units having names and symbols >PIC FILE= "T0013333">

Units derived from SI base units or supplementary units may be expressed in terms of the units listed in Chapter I.

Kwantità | Unità |

In particular, derived SI units may be expressed by the special names and symbols given in the above table ; for example, the SI unit of dynamic viscosity may be expressed as m-1 7 kg 7 s-1 or N 7 s 7 m-2 or Pa 7 s.

Isem | Simbolu |

Temperatura f'Celsius | Grad Celsius | oC |

It-temperatura Celsius t hija definita bħala d-differenza t = T — T0 bejn żewġ temperaturi termodinamiċi T u T0 fejn T0 = 273·15 kelvins. Intervall ta' jew differenza f'temperatura tista' tiġi espressa kemm f'kelvins kif ukoll fi gradi Celsius. L-unità ta' "grad Celsius" hija daqs unità "kelvin".

1.3. Prefixes and their symbols used to designate certain decimal multiples and submultiples >PIC FILE= "T0013334">

1.2. Unitajiet SI oħra

The names and symbols of the decimal multiples and submultiples of the unit of mass are formed by attaching prefixes to the word "gram" and their symbols to the symbol"g".

1.2.1. Unitajiet SI supplimentari

Where a derived unit is expressed as a fraction, its decimal multiples and submultiples may be designated by attaching a prefix to units in the numerator or the denominator, or in both these parts.

Compound prefixes, that is to say prefixes formed by the juxtaposition of several of the above prefixes, may not be used.

Kwantità | Unità |

1.4. Special authorized names and symbols of decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units >PIC FILE= "T0013335">

Isem | Simbolu |

Note : The prefixes and their symbols listed in 1.3 may be used in conjunction with the units and symbols contained in Table 1.4.

Angolu pjan | radian | rad |

Angolu solidu | steradian | sr |

(Il-Ħdax-il CGPM, 1960, riżoluzzjoni 12).

2. UNITS WHICH ARE DEFINED ON THE BASIS OF SI UNITS BUT ARE NOT DECIMAL MULTIPLES OR SUBMULTIPLES THEREOF >PIC FILE= "T0013336">

Definizzjoni ta' unitajiet SI supplimetari:

Note : The prefixes listed in 1.3 may only be used in conjunction with the names "grade" or "gon" and the symbol "gon".

L-Unità ta' angolu pjan

3. UNITS DEFINED INDEPENDENTLY OF THE SEVEN SI BASE UNITS

Ir-radian hija l-angolu pjan bejn żewġ raġġi ta' ċirku li jaqtgħu fuq iċ-ċirkonferenza ark li t-tul tiegħu hu daqs ir-raġġ.

The unified atomic mass unit is one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C.

(Standard Internazzjonali ISO 31 - I, Diċembru 1965).

The electronvolt is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron passing in a vacuum from one point to another whose potential is one volt higher. >PIC FILE= "T0013337">

L-Unità ta' angolu solidu

The value of these units, expressed in SI units, is not known exactly.

L-isteradian hija l-angolu solidu li għandu l-quċċata tiegħu fiċ-ċentru ta' sfera u li jaqta' area fil-wiċċ ta' l-isfera daqs dik ta' kwadru li għandu bil-ġnub tiegħu ta' tul daqs ir-raġġ ta' l-isfera.

The above values are taken from CODATA Bulletin No 11 of December 1973 of the International Council of Scientific Unions.

(L-Istandard Internazzjonali ISO 31 - I, Diċembru 1965).

Note : The prefixes and their symbols listed in 1.3 may be used in conjunction with these two units and with their symbols.

1.2.2. Unitajiet SI imnisslin

4. UNITS AND NAMES OF UNITS PERMITTED IN SPECIALIZED FIELDS ONLY >PIC FILE= "T0013338">

Unitajiet imnisslin b'mod koerenti mill-unitajiet bażi SI u unitajiet SI supplimentari huma mogħtija bħala espressjonijiet alġebrajiċi fil-forma ta' prodotti ta' powers ta' l-unitajiet bażi SI u/jew unitajiet SI supplimentari b'fattur numeriku ugwali għal 1.

5. COMPOUND UNITS

1.2.3. Unitajiet SI imnisslin li għandhom ismijiet u simboli

Combinations of the units listed in Chapter I form compound units.

Kwantità | Unità | Espressjoni |

Isem | Simbolu | F'Unitajiet SI oħra | F'termini ta' l-unitajiet SI bażi jew supplimentari |

CHAPTER II LEGAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 1 (b)

Frekwenza | hertz | Hz | | s-1 |

QUANTITIES, NAMES OF UNITS, SYMBOLS AND VALUES

>PIC FILE= "T0013339"> Note : The prefixes and their symbols listed in 1.3 of Chapter I may be used in conjunction with the units and symbols contained in this section, with the exception of millimetre of mercury and its symbol and the symbol "g".

Until the date indicated in Article 1 (b), the units listed in Chapter II may be combined with each other or with those in Chapter I to form compound units.

CHAPTER III LEGAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 1 (c)

QUANTITIES, NAMES OF UNITS, SYMBOLS AND APPROXIMATE VALUES

Kwantità ta' elettriku, karg ta' l-elettriku | coulomb | C | | s · A |

>PIC FILE= "T0013340"> Until the date to be fixed under Article 1 (c), the units listed in Chapter III may be combined with each other or with those in Chapter I to form compound units.

Reżistenza ta' l-elettriku | ohm | Ω | V · A-1 | m2 · kg · s-3 · A-2 |

Illuminanza | lux | lx | lm · m-2 | m-2 · cd · sr |

Attività (ta' radionuclide) | becquerel | Bq | | s-1 |

Doża assorbita, energija specifika mqassma, kerma, indici tad-doża assorbita | gray | Gy | J · kg-1 | m2 · s-2 |

Doża ekwivalenti | sievert | Sv | J · kg-1 | m2 · s-2 |

Unitajiet imnisslin mill-unitajiet SI bażi jew unitajiet supplimentari jistgħu jiġu espressi f'termini ta' unitajiet elenkati fil-Kapitolu I.

B'mod partikolari unitajiet SI imnisslin jistgħu jiġu espressi permezz ta' ismijiet speċjali u simboli mogħtija fit-tabella ta' hawn fuq; per eżempju l-unità SI tal-viskożità dinamika tista' tiġi mfissra bħala m-1·kg. s-1 jew N·s·m-2 jew Pa·s.

1.3. Prefissi u s-simboli tagħhom użati sabiex jingħataw ċerti multipli u submultipli deċimali

1018 | exa | E | 10-1 | deci | d |

1015 | peta | P | 10-2 | centi | c |

1012 | tera | T | 10-3 | milli | m |

109 | giga | G | 10-6 | micro | μ |

106 | mega | M | 10-9 | nano | n |

103 | kilo | k | 10-12 | pico | p |

102 | hecto | h | 10-15 | femto | f |

101 | deca | da | 10-18 | atto | a |

L-ismijiet u s-simboli tal-multipli u s-submultipli deċimali ta' l-unità tal-massa huma iffurmati billi jiġu mehmuża prefissi mal-kelma "gramm" u s-simboli tagħhom mas-simbolu ‘g'.

Fejn unità imnissla hija espressa bħala frazzjoni, il-multipli u s-submultipli deċimali tagħha jistgħu jingħataw billi jiġi mehmuż il-prefiss ma' l-unitajiet fin-numeratur jew fid-denominatur, jew f'dawn iż-żewġ partijiet.

Prefissi komposti, jew aħjar prefissi ffurmati mit-tqeħid ħdejn xulxin ta' diversi prefissi imsemmija hawn fuq, ma jistgħux jintużaw.

1.4. Ismijiet speċjali awtorizzati u simboli tal-multipli u submultipli deċimali ta' l-Unitajiet SI

Kwantità | Unità |

Isem | Simbolu | Valur |

Volum | litri | 1 jew L | 1 l = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3 |

Massa | tunnellati metriċi | t | 1 t = 1 Mg = 103 kg |

Pressjoni, stress | bar | bar | 1 bar = 105 Pa |

Nota:

Il-prefissi u s-simboli tagħhom elenkati f'1.3 jistgħu jintużaw flimkien ma' unitajiet u simboli li jinsabu fit-Tabella 1.4.

2. UNITAJIET LI HUMA DEFINITI FUQ IL-BAŻI TA' L-UNITAJIET SI IŻDA LI MHUMIEX MULTIPLI JEW SUBMULTIPLI DEĊIMALI TAGĦHOM

Kwantità | Unità |

Isem | Simbolu | Valur |

Angolu plan | rivoluzzjoni * | | 1 rivoluzzjoni = 2 π rad |

grad* jew gon * | gon* | 1 gon = π200 rad |

grad | ° | 1° = π180 rad |

minuta ta' l-angolu | ' | 1' = π10800rad |

sekonda ta' l-angolu | " | 1'' = π648000rad |

Ħin | minuta | min | 1 min = 60 s |

siegħa | h | 1 h = 3600 s |

ġurnata | d | 1 d = 86400 s |

Nota:

il-prefissi elenkati fi 1.3 jistgħu jiġu użati biss flimkien ma' l-ismijiet "grad" jew "gon" u s-simbolu "gon".

3. UNITAJIET DEFINITI INDIPENDENTAMENT MIS-SEBA' UNITAJIET SI BAŻI

L-unità unified atomic mass hija wieħed minn tnax tal-massa ta' l-atomu tan-nuclide 12C.

L-electronvolt hija l-enerġija kinetika miksuba mnn elettron li jgħaddi minn vakwu minn punt għall-ieħor li s-saħħa tiegħu hija volt aktar.

Kwantità | Unità |

Isem | Simbolu | Valur |

Massa | unità unified atomic mass | U | 1 u ≈ 1·660565 5 X 10-27 kg |

Enerġija | Electronvolt | eV | 1eV ≈ 1·602189 2 X 10-19 J |

Il-valur ta' dawn l-unitajiet, espress f'unitajiet SI, mhuwiex magħruf eżatt.

Il-valuri ta' hawn fuq huma meħudin mill-Bulletin CODATA Nru 11 ta' Diċembru 1973 tal-Kunsill Internazzjonali ta' l-Għaqdiet Xjentifiċi.

Nota:

Il-prefissi u s-simboli tagħhom elenkati f'1.3 jistgħu jintużaw flimkien ma' dawn iż-żewġ unitajiet u mas-simboli tagħhom.

4. UNITAJIET U ISMIJIET TA' L-UNITAJIET PERMESSI F'OQSMA SPEĊJALIZZATI BISS

Kwantità | Unità |

Isem | Simbolu | Valur |

Vergency ta' sistemi ottikali | dioptre* | | 1 dioptre = 1m-1 |

Massa tal-ħagar prezzjuż | karat metriku | | 1 karat metriku = 2 X 10-4 kg |

Area ta' l-art agrikola u art għall-bini | are | a | 1 a = 102 m2 |

Massa għal kull unità ta' tul tal-yarn u l-ħjut tat-tessili | tex* | tex* | 1 tex = 10-6 kg m-1 |

Nota:

Il-prefissi elenkati f'1.3 jistgħu jintużaw flimkien ma' l-unitajiet ta' hawn fuq. Il-multiplu 102 a huwa, madanakollu, magħruf bħala ‘ettaru'.

5. UNITAJIET KOMPOSTI

Kombinazzjonijiet ta' l-unitajiet elenkati fil-Kapitolu I jiffurmaw unitajiet komposti.

Il-KAPITOLU II

UNITAJIET LEGALI TA' KEJL LI SARET REFERENZA GĦALIHOM FL-ARTIKOLU 1(b)

KWANTITAJIET, ISMIJIET TA' L-UNITAJIET, SIMBOLI U VALURI

Kwantità | Unità |

Isem | Simbolu | Valur |

Pressjoni tad-demm | millimetru ta' merkurju (*) | mm Hg(*) | 1 mm Hg = 133 ·322 Pa |

Angolu pjan | | g* | 1g = π200rad |

Attività (ta'radionuclide) | curie | Ci | 1 Ci = 3,7 X 1010 Bq |

Doża assorbita | rad | rad | 1 rad = 10-2 Gy |

Doża Ekwivalenti | rem* | rem* | 1rem = 10-2 Sv |

Espożizzjoni (raggi X u γ) | röntgen | R | 1 R = 2,58,10-4 C·kg-1 |

Viskosità Dinamika | poise | P | 1P = 10-1 Pa·s |

Viskosità Kinematika | stokes | St | 1 St = 10-4 m 2 ·s-1 |

Nota:

Il-prefissi u s-simboli tagħhom elenkati f'1.3 tal-Kapitolu I jistgħu jintużaw flimkien ma' l-unitajiet u s-simboli li hemm f'din it-taqsima, bl-eċċezzjoni tal-millimetru ta' merkurju u s-simbolu tiegħu u s-simbolu "g".

Sad-data indikata fl-Artikolu 1(b), l-unitajiet elenkati fil-Kapitolu II jistgħu jiġu magħqudin flimkien jew ma' dawk ta' Kapitolu I sabiex jiffurmaw unitajiet komposti.

Il-KAPITOLU III

UNITAJIET LEGALI TA' KEJL LI SARET REFERENZA GĦALIHOM FL-ARTIKOLU 1(ċ)

KWANTITAJIET, ISEM TA' L-UNITAJIET, SIMBOLI U VALURI APPROSSIMATTIVI

Tul

pulzier | 1 in = 2,54 x 10-2 m |

pied | 1 ft = 0,3048m |

fadom | 1 fm = 1,829 |

mil | mil = 1609m |

jarda | jarda = 0,9144m |

Area

pied kwadru | 1 sq ft = 0,929 x 10-1 m2 |

acre | 1 ac = 4047 m2 |

Jarda kwadra | 1 sq yd = 0,8361 m2 |

Volum

Uqija fluwida | 1 fl oz = 28,41 x 10-6 m3 |

Kwart ta' pinta | 1 gill = 0,1421 x 10-3 m3 |

Pinta | 1 pt = 0,5683 x 10-3 m3 |

Kwart | 1 qt = 1,137 x 10-3 m3 |

Gallun | 1 gal = 4,546 x 10-3 m3 |

Piż

Uqija (avoirdupois) | 1 oz = 28,35 x 10-3 kg |

Troy ounce | 1 oz tr = 31,10 x 10-3 kg |

Libbra | 1 lb = 0.4536 kg |

Enerġija

therm | 1 therm = 105,506 x 106 J |

Sad-data li għad trid tiġi stabbilita taħt l-Artikolu 1(ċ), l-unitajiet elenkati fil-Kapitolu III jistgħu jiġu magħqudin flimkien jew ma' dawk fil-Kapitolu 1 sabiex jiffurmaw unitajiet komposti.

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