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[pic] | COMISSÃO DAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEIAS |
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[pic] | ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΩΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΩΝ |
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Bruxelas, 1.3.2006
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Βρυξέλλες, 1.3.2006
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COM(2006) 92 final
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COM(2006) 92 τελικό
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COMUNICAÇÃO DA COMISSÃO AO CONSELHO, AO PARLAMENTO EUROPEU, AO COMITÉ ECONÓMICO E SOCIAL EUROPEU E AO COMITÉ DAS REGIÕES
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ΑNAKOINΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ ΣΤΟ ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟ, ΣΤΟ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΟ ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟΥΛΙΟ, ΣΤΗΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΩΝ
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Roteiro para a igualdade entre homens e mulheres 2006-2010
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Χάρτης πορείας για την ισότητα μεταξύ γυναικών και ανδρών 2006-2010
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{SEC(2006) 275}
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{SEC(2006) 275}
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INTRODUÇÃO
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ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ
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O roteiro aqui apresentado define seis áreas de intervenção prioritárias da UE em matéria de igualdade entre homens e mulheres para o período 2006-2010: independência económica; conciliação da vida profissional e familiar; representação equitativa na tomada de decisões; erradicação de todas as formas de violência em razão do sexo; eliminação dos estereótipos de género; e promoção da igualdade entre homens e mulheres nas políticas externa e de desenvolvimento. Para cada uma das áreas, identificam-se objectivos e acções prioritários. A Comissão, por si só, não pode concretizar estes objectivos, dado que muitas áreas são da competência dos Estados-Membros. Por conseguinte, o roteiro representa o compromisso da Comissão no sentido de avançar com a agenda da igualdade entre homens e mulheres, reforçando a parceria com os Estados-Membros e outros intervenientes.
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Αυτός ο χάρτης πορείας περιγράφει έξι τομείς που έχουν προτεραιότητα στη δράση της ΕΕ για την ισότητα των δύο φύλων την περίοδο 2006-2010: οικονομική ανεξαρτησία επί ίσοις όροις για γυναίκες και άνδρες· συμφιλίωση της ιδιωτικής και της επαγγελματικής ζωής· ίση εκπροσώπηση στη λήψη αποφάσεων· εξάλειψη όλων των μορφών βίας με βάση το φύλο· εξάλειψη των στερεοτύπων των φύλων· προώθηση της ισότητας των φύλων στις εξωτερικές και αναπτυξιακές πολιτικές. Για κάθε τομέα ο χάρτης προσδιορίζει τους στόχους και τις ενέργειες προτεραιότητας. Η Επιτροπή δεν μπορεί να επιτύχει τους στόχους αυτούς μόνη της, καθώς σε πολλούς τομείς το κέντρο βάρους βρίσκεται σε επίπεδο κράτους μέλους. Επομένως, ο χάρτης αυτός απηχεί τη δέσμευση της Επιτροπή να προωθήσει την ατζέντα της ισότητας των φύλων ενισχύοντας τη σύμπραξη με τα κράτη μέλη και τους άλλους φορείς.
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O roteiro assenta na experiência obtida com a Estratégia-Quadro da Comunidade para a igualdade entre homens e mulheres[1] no período 2001-2005. Conjuga o lançamento de novas acções com o reforço de actividades existentes de êxito comprovado e reafirma a abordagem dupla da igualdade de géneros assente na promoção da igualdade entre homens e mulheres em todas as políticas e actividades ( gender mainstreaming ) e na adopção de medidas específicas.
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Αυτός ο χάρτης πορείας στηρίζεται στην εμπειρία της στρατηγικής-πλαισίου για την ισότητα των φύλων[1] την περίοδο 2001-2005. Συνδυάζει τη δρομολόγηση νέων ενεργειών και την ενίσχυση των πετυχημένων υπαρχουσών δραστηριοτήτων. Επιβεβαιώνει τη διπλή προσέγγιση της ισότητας των φύλων που βασίζεται αφενός στην ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου - προώθηση της ισότητας των φύλων σε όλους τους τομείς και τις δραστηριότητες των πολιτικών - και αφετέρου σε συγκεκριμένα μέτρα.
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A igualdade entre homens e mulheres constitui um direito fundamental, um valor comum da UE e uma condição necessária para a concretização dos objectivos comunitários em matéria de crescimento, emprego e coesão social. A UE conta já com progressos significativos na consecução da igualdade entre homens e mulheres graças à adopção de legislação sobre igualdade de tratamento, da integração da perspectiva de género em todas as políticas e acções, de medidas específicas para a promoção das mulheres, de programas de acção, do diálogo social e do diálogo com a sociedade civil. O Parlamento Europeu tem sido um importante parceiro nesta área. Muitas mulheres completaram os níveis mais elevados de ensino e ingressaram no mercado de trabalho, tendo-se tornado importantes agentes da vida pública. Não obstante, as desigualdades persistem e podem mesmo vir a agravar-se, à medida que a concorrência económica global acrescida exige uma força de trabalho mais flexível e móvel. Estas mudanças podem ter repercussões nas mulheres, que se vêem muitas vezes obrigadas a escolher entre a maternidade e uma carreira profissional devido à falta de estruturas flexíveis de organização do trabalho e de serviços de cuidados, à persistência de estereótipos de género e a uma partilha desigual das responsabilidades familiares com os homens. Os avanços conseguidos pela mulheres, designadamente em áreas cruciais da estratégia de Lisboa como é o caso da educação e da investigação, não se reflectem plenamente na situação que ocupam no mercado de trabalho. A UE não se pode permitir desperdiçar este capital humano. Ao mesmo tempo, as baixas taxas de natalidade e a diminuição da população activa comprometem o papel político e económico da UE.
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Η ισότητα των φύλων είναι ένα θεμελιώδες δικαίωμα, μια κοινή αξία της ΕΕ και μια απαραίτητη προϋπόθεση για την επίτευξη των στόχων της ΕΕ για την ανάπτυξη, την απασχόληση και την κοινωνική συνοχή. Η ΕΕ έχει σημειώσει σημαντική πρόοδο στην επίτευξη της ισότητας των φύλων, χάρη στη νομοθεσία για την ίση μεταχείριση, την ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου, τα ειδικά μέτρα για την πρόοδο των γυναικών, τα προγράμματα δράσης, τον κοινωνικό διάλογο και το διάλογο με την κοινωνία πολιτών. Το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο είναι σημαντικός συνεργάτης για την πρόοδο. Πολλές γυναίκες έχουν κατακτήσει τα υψηλότερα επίπεδα εκπαίδευσης, εισήλθαν στην αγορά εργασίας και έχουν γίνει σημαντικοί παράγοντες στη δημόσια ζωή. Εντούτοις, οι ανισότητες παραμένουν και μπορεί να οξυνθούν, δεδομένου ότι ο αυξανόμενος παγκόσμιος οικονομικός ανταγωνισμός απαιτεί ένα πιο ευέλικτο και κινητικό εργατικό δυναμικό. Με βάση τα παραπάνω οι επιπτώσεις είναι πιο αισθητές στις γυναίκες, οι οποίες είναι υποχρεωμένες να επιλέξουν ανάμεσα στα παιδιά και την καριέρα, επειδή υπάρχει έλλειψη ευέλικτων ρυθμίσεων εργασίας και υπηρεσιών φροντίδας, επειδή εμμένουν τα στερεότυπα των φύλων και ο καταμερισμός των οικογενειακών υποχρεώσεων με τους άνδρες είναι άνισος. Η πρόοδος που έχει σημειωθεί με τη συμμετοχή των γυναικών σε βασικούς τομείς για τη στρατηγική της Λισσαβώνας όπως η έρευνα και η εκπαίδευση δεν αντανακλάται πλήρως στη θέση των γυναικών στην αγορά εργασίας. Πρόκειται για μια απώλεια ανθρώπινου δυναμικού που η ΕΕ δεν έχει την πολυτέλεια να στερηθεί. Συγχρόνως, τα χαμηλά ποσοστά γεννήσεων και το συρρικνούμενο εργατικό δυναμικό απειλούν τον πολιτικό και οικονομικό ρόλο της ΕΕ.
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A UE continua a ser um importante parceiro no esforço internacional de promoção da igualdade entre homens e mulheres. Transformar a globalização numa força positiva para todos os homens e mulheres e combater a pobreza constituem os desafios mais importantes. As tecnologias da comunicação facilitam certos crimes, como o tráfico de seres humanos, contribuindo para a sua propagação.
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Η ΕΕ παραμένει ένας σημαντικός εταίρος στην παγκόσμια προσπάθεια προώθησης της ισότητας των φύλων. Η μετατροπή της παγκοσμιοποίησης σε μια θετική δύναμη για όλες τις γυναίκες και τους άνδρες και η καταπολέμηση της φτώχειας αποτελούν σημαντικές προκλήσεις. Οι τεχνολογίες της επικοινωνίας διευκολύνουν και διαδίδουν εγκλήματα όπως η εμπορία ανθρώπων.
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Para que a UE seja capaz de dar resposta a estes desafios, há que acelerar os progressos em matéria de igualdade entre homens e mulheres e reforçar o gender mainstreaming , com particular incidência nas áreas identificadas no presente roteiro.
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Για να αντιμετωπίσει η ΕΕ αυτές τις προκλήσεις, πρέπει να επιταχυνθεί ο ρυθμός της προόδου όσον αφορά την ισότητα των φύλων και να ενισχυθεί η ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου σε όλες τις πολιτικές και ειδικότερα στους τομείς που προσδιορίζονται σε αυτόν το χάρτη πορείας.
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PARTE I: ÁREAS DE INTERVENÇÃO PRIORITÁRIA EM PROL DA IGUALDADE ENTRE HOMENS E MULHERES
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ΜΕΡΟΣ I: ΤΟΜΕΙΣ ΠΡΟΤΕΡΑΙΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΔΡΑΣΗΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΟΤΗΤΑ ΤΩΝ ΦΥΛΩΝ
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1. CONCRETIZAR A IGUALDADE EM MATÉRIA DE INDEPENDÊNCIA ECONÓMICA PARA HOMENS E MULHERES
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1. Επίτευξη της οικονομικής ανεξαρτησίας ΕΠΙ ΙΣΟΙΣ ΟΡΟΙΣ για τις γυναίκες και τους άνδρες
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1.1 Consecução das metas de emprego de Lisboa
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1.1 Επίτευξη των στόχων της Λισσαβώνας για την απασχόληση
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Segundo as metas de emprego definidas em Lisboa, a taxa de emprego das mulheres deve atingir 60% até 2010. Actualmente, cifra-se nos 55,7% e é muito inferior (31,7%) no caso das mulheres mais velhas (55-64 anos). As mulheres têm também níveis de desemprego mais elevados do que os homens (9,7% contra 7,8%). Há que reforçar a dimensão de género da estratégia de Lisboa em prol do emprego e do crescimento. O cumprimento da legislação sobre igualdade de tratamento e uma utilização eficaz dos novos Fundos Estruturais (por exemplo, acções de formação e medidas de promoção do espírito empresarial) podem contribuir para aumentar o emprego feminino. A individualização dos direitos associados aos sistemas fiscais e de prestações podem também concorrer para tornar o trabalho compensador para homens e mulheres.
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Σύμφωνα με τους στόχους της Λισσαβώνας, η απασχόληση των γυναικών πρέπει να φτάσει το 60% μέχρι το 2010. Σήμερα είναι 55,7% και το ποσοστό είναι πολύ χαμηλότερο (31,7%) για τις γυναίκες μεγαλύτερης ηλικίας (55-64 ετών). Το ποσοστό ανεργίας των γυναικών είναι επίσης υψηλότερο από των ανδρών (9,7% σε σχέση με το 7,8%). Πρέπει να ενισχυθεί η διάσταση των φύλων της στρατηγικής της Λισσαβώνας όσον αφορά τη δημιουργία θέσεων εργασίας και την ανάπτυξη. Η συμμόρφωση με τη νομοθεσία για την ίση μεταχείριση και η αποτελεσματική χρήση των νέων διαρθρωτικών ταμείων (π.χ. κατάρτιση, μέτρα για την επιχειρηματικότητα) μπορούν να βοηθήσουν στην αύξηση της απασχόλησης των γυναικών. Η εξατομίκευση των δικαιωμάτων που συνδέονται με τα συστήματα φόρων και παροχών μπορεί επίσης να εξασφαλίσει ότι η εργασία συμφέρει και τις γυναίκες και τους άνδρες.
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1.2 Eliminar as disparidades salariais entre homens e mulheres
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1.2 Εξάλειψη των διαφορών στις αμοιβές των δύο φύλων
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Pese embora a legislação comunitária sobre igualdade de remuneração, as mulheres ganham menos 15% do que os homens[2], fosso este que diminui a um ritmo muito menor do que as assimetrias em termos de emprego. A persistência destas diferenças fica a dever-se à discriminação directa das mulheres e a desigualdades estruturais, como a segregação em sectores, profissões e padrões laborais, o acesso à educação e à formação, a sistemas sexistas de avaliação e remuneração e a estereótipos. A abordagem destas questões pressupõe uma estratégia multifacetada e a mobilização de todas as partes.
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Παρά την κοινοτική νομοθεσία για τις ίσες αμοιβές, οι γυναίκες κερδίζουν 15% λιγότερο από τους άνδρες για κάθε ώρα που εργάζονται[2] και αυτή η διαφορά μειώνεται με πολύ πιο αργό ρυθμό σε σχέση με τη διαφορά των ποσοστών απασχόλησης των δύο φύλων. Η τάση αυτή προκύπτει από τις άμεσες διακρίσεις εις βάρος των γυναικών και τις διαρθρωτικές ανισότητες, όπως ο διαχωρισμός των φύλων όσον αφορά τομείς, επαγγέλματα και εργασιακά πρότυπα, η πρόσβαση στην εκπαίδευση και την κατάρτιση, τα μεροληπτικά συστήματα αξιολόγησης και αμοιβής και τα στερεότυπα. Η αντιμετώπιση αυτών των ζητημάτων απαιτεί μια πολύπλευρη προσέγγιση και την κινητοποίηση όλων των ενδιαφερομένων μερών.
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1.3 Mulheres empresárias
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1.3 Γυναίκες επιχειρηματίες
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As mulheres representam, em média, 30% dos empresários da UE. Enfrentam, por vezes, maiores dificuldades do que os homens na criação de uma empresa e no acesso a financiamento e formação. Há que aplicar com maior determinação as recomendações constantes do plano de acção para o espírito empresarial na UE, que preconizam um aumento do número de empresas criadas por mulheres através de um acesso mais facilitado ao financiamento e do desenvolvimento de redes empresariais.
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Οι γυναίκες αντιστοιχούν, κατά μέσο όρο, στο 30% των επιχειρηματιών στην ΕΕ. Αντιμετωπίζουν συχνά μεγαλύτερες δυσκολίες από τους άνδρες στη σύσταση επιχειρήσεων και στην πρόσβαση στη χρηματοδότηση και την κατάρτιση. Πρέπει να εφαρμοστούν περαιτέρω οι συστάσεις του προγράμματος δράσης της ΕΕ για την επιχειρηματικότητα που αποσκοπούν στην αύξηση των επιχειρήσεων που συστήνονται από γυναίκες μέσω της καλύτερης πρόσβασης στη χρηματοδότηση και της ανάπτυξης επιχειρηματικών δικτύων.
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1.4 Igualdade entre homens e mulheres na protecção social e combate à pobreza
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1.4 Ισότητα των δύο φύλων στην κοινωνική προστασία και στην καταπολέμηση της φτώχειας
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Os sistemas de protecção social devem eliminar os desincentivos à entrada e permanência de homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho, permitindo-lhes acumular direitos de pensão individuais. Não obstante, as mulheres tendem a ter carreiras profissionais mais curtas ou com interrupções, adquirindo, por conseguinte, menos direitos do que os homens. Este facto aumenta o risco de pobreza, em especial para as famílias monoparentais, as mulheres mais velhas ou as que trabalham em empresas familiares, designadamente na agricultura e nas pescas. O novo Fundo Europeu para as Pescas (FEP) e as políticas de desenvolvimento rural (FEADER) podem contribuir para melhorar a situação das mulheres nestes sectores. É essencial que os sistemas de protecção social garantam às mulheres um acesso a prestações adequadas, em especial no momento da reforma.
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Τα συστήματα κοινωνικής προστασίας πρέπει να αποβάλουν τα αντικίνητρα που εμποδίζουν τις γυναίκες και τους άνδρες να εισέλθουν και να παραμείνουν στην αγορά εργασίας και να τους επιτρέψουν να σωρεύουν μεμονωμένα συνταξιοδοτικά δικαιώματα. Ωστόσο, είναι ακόμα πιθανό η επαγγελματική σταδιοδρομία των γυναικών να είναι μικρότερης διάρκειας ή να διακοπεί και, συνεπώς, οι γυναίκες να έχουν λιγότερα δικαιώματα από τους άνδρες. Αυτό αυξάνει τον κίνδυνο της φτώχειας, ιδίως για τους μόνους γονείς, τις γυναίκες μεγαλύτερης ηλικίας ή τις γυναίκες που εργάζονται σε οικογενειακές επιχειρήσεις, όπως στον αγροτικό και τον αλιευτικό τομέα. Το νέο Ευρωπαϊκό Αλιευτικό Ταμείο (ΕΑΤ) και οι πολιτικές αγροτικής ανάπτυξης (EAFRD) μπορούν να βελτιώσουν την κατάσταση των γυναικών σε αυτούς τους τομείς. Είναι σημαντικό τα συστήματα κοινωνικής προστασίας να εξασφαλίζουν ότι οι γυναίκες αυτές έχουν πρόσβαση σε επαρκείς παροχές, ειδικότερα όταν συνταξιοδοτούνται.
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1.5 Reconhecer a dimensão de género na saúde
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1.5 Αναγνώριση της διάστασης των δύο φύλων στην υγεία
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Homens e mulheres são confrontados com doenças, questões, práticas e riscos sanitários específicos que se repercutem no seu estado de saúde. Entre estes contam-se factores ambientais, como a utilização de produtos químicos e pesticidas muitas vezes transmitidos durante a gravidez e através da amamentação. A investigação médica e muitas normas de saúde e segurança dizem mais respeito aos homens e a sectores profissionais de dominação masculina.
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Οι γυναίκες και οι άνδρες έρχονται αντιμέτωποι με συγκεκριμένους κινδύνους για την υγεία, με ασθένειες, ζητήματα και πρακτικές που έχουν αντίκτυπο στην υγεία τους. Στα παραπάνω περιλαμβάνονται περιβαλλοντικά ζητήματα όπως η χρήση χημικών ουσιών και φυτοφαρμάκων, δεδομένου ότι μεταδίδονται συχνά στο έμβρυο κατά την κύηση και μέσω του θηλασμού. Η ιατρική έρευνα και πολλά πρότυπα ασφάλειας και υγείας σχετίζονται περισσότερο με τους άνδρες και τους τομείς εργασίας στους οποίους κυριαρχούν άνδρες.
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Há que melhorar o conhecimento neste domínio, desenvolvendo mais estatísticas e indicadores. Os serviços sociais, de saúde e de cuidados devem ser modernizados, com o objectivo de melhorar a sua acessibilidade, qualidade e capacidade de resposta às novas e específicas necessidades de homens e mulheres.
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Πρέπει να βελτιωθούν οι γνώσεις σε αυτόν τον τομέα και να αναπτυχθούν περαιτέρω οι στατιστικές και οι δείκτες. Οι υγειονομικές υπηρεσίες καθώς και οι υπηρεσίες φροντίδας και πρόνοιας πρέπει να εκσυγχρονιστούν με σκοπό τη βελτίωση της δυνατότητας πρόσβασης, της ποιότητας και της ανταπόκρισής τους στις νέες και συγκεκριμένες ανάγκες των γυναικών και των ανδρών.
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1.6 Combater as discriminações múltiplas, em especial contra as mulheres imigrantes e oriundas de minorias étnicas
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1.6 Καταπολέμηση των πολλαπλών διακρίσεων, ειδικότερα εις βάρος των μεταναστριών και των γυναικών που ανήκουν σε εθνικές μειονότητες
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A UE está empenhada na eliminação de todas as formas de discriminação e na criação de uma sociedade inclusiva para todos. As mulheres pertencentes a grupos desfavorecidos vivem muitas vezes em piores condições do que os homens. A situação das mulheres imigrantes e oriundas de minorias étnicas é emblemática, já que são por vezes vítimas de dupla discriminação. A solução para este problema passa pela promoção da igualdade entre homens e mulheres nas políticas de migração e integração, de forma a garantir os direitos das mulheres e a participação cívica, a aproveitar plenamente o seu potencial e a melhorar o seu acesso à educação e formação ao longo da vida.
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Η ΕΕ έχει δεσμευτεί να εξαλείψει κάθε διάκριση και να δημιουργήσει μια κοινωνία χωρίς αποκλεισμούς. Στις μειονεκτούσες ομάδες, οι γυναίκες βρίσκονται συχνά σε χειρότερη θέση από τους άνδρες. Η κατάσταση των μεταναστριών και των γυναικών που ανήκουν σε εθνικές μειονότητες είναι εμβληματική. Υφίστανται συχνά διπλή διάκριση. Συνεπώς απαιτείται η προαγωγή της ισότητας των φύλων στις πολιτικές μετανάστευσης και ένταξης προκειμένου να εξασφαλιστούν τα δικαιώματα των γυναικών, να αξιοποιηθεί πλήρως η δυνατότητα απασχόλησής τους και να βελτιωθεί η πρόσβασή τους στην εκπαίδευση και τη διά βίου μάθηση.
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Principais acções
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Βασικές ενέργειες
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A Comissão:
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Η Επιτροπή
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- irá acompanhar e reforçar a integração da dimensão de género em todas as políticas e actividades, em especial:
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- θα παρακολουθεί και θα ενισχύει την ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου, ειδικότερα:
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- nas Orientações Integradas para o crescimento e o emprego e no novo método aberto de coordenação racionalizado aplicado às pensões, à inclusão social, à saúde e aos cuidados prolongados[3], designadamente através da preparação, em 2007, de manuais de igualdade destinados aos agentes envolvidos nestes processos e da avaliação da forma como os sistemas de protecção social podem contribuir para promover a igualdade entre homens e mulheres
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- στις ολοκληρωμένες κατευθυντήριες γραμμές για την ανάπτυξη και τη δημιουργία θέσεων εργασίας και στη νέα βελτιωμένη ανοικτή μέθοδο συντονισμού που καλύπτει τις συντάξεις, την κοινωνική ένταξη, την υγεία και την μακροχρόνια περίθαλψη[3], ειδικότερα μέσω της προετοιμασίας για το 2007 εγχειριδίων για την ισότητα των φύλων με αποδέκτες τους φορείς που ασχολούνται με αυτές τις διαδικασίες και μέσω της αξιολόγησης του τρόπου με τον οποίο τα συστήματα κοινωνικής προστασίας μπορούν να προωθήσουν την ισότητα των φύλων
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- nas políticas de saúde, nomeadamente através da actualização da análise da dimensão de género na saúde
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- στις πολιτικές για την υγεία και μέσω της ενημέρωσης της ανάλυσης της διάστασης του φύλου στον τομέα της υγείας
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- nas actividades nacionais e europeias realizadas no âmbito do Ano Europeu da Igualdade de Oportunidades para Todos em 2007, e do Ano Europeu do Combate à Exclusão e à Pobreza em 2010
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- στις εθνικές και ευρωπαϊκές δραστηριότητες στο πλαίσιο του Ευρωπαϊκού Έτους ίσων ευκαιριών για όλους 2007 και του Ευρωπαϊκού Έτους καταπολέμησης του κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού και της φτώχειας 2010
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- na programação e execução dos novos Fundos Estruturais[4], do FEP e do FEADER (2007-2013), designadamente através de acções de acompanhamento e da garantia de afectação de recursos adequados à promoção da igualdade entre homens e mulheres; esta acção será realizada em conjunto com os Estados-Membros e em simultâneo com a adopção de medidas específicas
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- μαζί με τα κράτη μέλη, θα προωθεί την ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου και συγκεκριμένα μέτρα κατά τον προγραμματισμό και την εφαρμογή των νέων διαρθρωτικών ταμείων[4], του Ευρωπαϊκού Ταμείου Αλιείας (EFF) και του Ευρωπαϊκού Γεωργικού Ταμείου Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης (EAFRD) (2007-2013), και τον έλεγχο και την εξασφάλιση επαρκών πόρων για την ισότητα των φύλων
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- no enquadramento para a integração de nacionais de países terceiros na UE[5], no acompanhamento do plano de acção sobre migração legal[6], no Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) e na proposta de Fundo Europeu para a Integração de Nacionais de Países Terceiros
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- στο πλαίσιο για την ένταξη των υπηκόων τρίτων χωρών στην ΕΕ[5], στη συνέχεια του σχεδίου πολιτικής για τη νόμιμη μετανάστευση[6], στο Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο (ΕΚΤ) και στο προτεινόμενο Ευρωπαϊκό Ταμείο Ένταξης των υπηκόων τρίτων χωρών
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- apresentará uma comunicação relativa às disparidades salariais entre homens e mulheres em 2007
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- θα παρουσιάσει ανακοίνωση σχετικά με τη διαφορά στις αμοιβές μεταξύ των δύο φύλων το 2007
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- irá preparar em 2010 um relatório sobre a aplicação da Directiva que aplica o princípio de igualdade de tratamento entre homens e mulheres no acesso a bens e serviços e seu fornecimento[7]
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- θα παρουσιάσει έκθεση το 2010 σχετικά με την εφαρμογή της οδηγίας για την ίση μεταχείριση γυναικών και ανδρών όσον αφορά την πρόσβαση και την παροχή αγαθών και υπηρεσιών[7]
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- irá promover o espírito empresarial feminino e uma envolvente empresarial conducente à criação e ao desenvolvimento de empresas geridas por mulheres; fomentará iniciativas de responsabilidade social das empresas em matéria de igualdade entre homens e mulheres.
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- θα προωθήσει την επιχειρηματικότητα των γυναικών και ένα επιχειρηματικό περιβάλλον που να διευκολύνει τη δημιουργία και την ανάπτυξη επιχειρήσεων με επικεφαλής γυναίκες· θα ενθαρρύνει τις πρωτοβουλίες εταιρικής κοινωνικής ευθύνης για την ισότητα των φύλων
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2. REFORÇAR A CONCILIAÇÃO DO TRABALHO COM A VIDA PRIVADA E FAMILIAR
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2. Ενίσχυση της συμφιλίωσης ΤΗΣ εργασίας, της ιδιωτικής και ΤΗΣ οικογενειακής ζωής
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2.1 Flexibilidade na organização do trabalho para homens e mulheres
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2.1 Ευέλικτες ρυθμίσεις εργασίας τόσο για τις γυναίκες όσο και για τους άνδρες
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As políticas de conciliação contribuem para criar uma economia flexível, ao mesmo tempo que melhoram a qualidade de vida de homens e mulheres. Ajudam as pessoas a ingressar e a permanecer no mercado de trabalho, explorando ao máximo as potencialidades da força de trabalho, devendo servir equitativamente homens e mulheres. A adopção de disposições laborais flexíveis fomenta a produtividade, aumenta a satisfação dos trabalhadores e melhora a imagem dos empregadores. Contudo, o facto de serem mais as mulheres do que os homens a recorrerem a essas disposições gera um desequilíbrio entre uns e outras, que se repercute negativamente na situação das mulheres no local de trabalho e na sua independência económica.
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Οι πολιτικές συμφιλίωσης βοηθούν στη δημιουργία μια ευέλικτης οικονομίας, βελτιώνοντας παράλληλα την ποιότητα ζωής των γυναικών και των ανδρών. Βοηθούν τα άτομα να εισέλθουν και να παραμείνουν στην αγορά εργασίας, αξιοποιώντας πλήρως τις δυνατότητες του εργατικού δυναμικού και πρέπει να προσφέρονται επί ίσοις όροις σε γυναίκες και άνδρες. Οι ευέλικτες ρυθμίσεις εργασίας αυξάνουν την παραγωγικότητα, την ικανοποίηση των υπαλλήλων και βελτιώνουν τη φήμη των εργοδοτών. Εντούτοις, το γεγονός ότι πολύ περισσότερες γυναίκες από άνδρες χρησιμοποιούν τέτοιες ρυθμίσεις δημιουργεί διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο φύλων, οι οποίες δυσχεραίνουν τη θέση των γυναικών στον εργασιακό χώρο και πλήττουν την οικονομική ανεξαρτησία τους.
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2.2 Multiplicar as estruturas de cuidados
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2.2 Αυξανόμενες υπηρεσίες φροντίδας
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A Europa está perante um desafio em três vertentes: uma população activa em diminuição, baixas taxas de natalidade e uma proporção crescente de idosos. A melhoria de disposições que favoreçam um equilíbrio entre vida profissional e familiar constitui parte da resposta ao declínio demográfico, através da oferta de mais estruturas de acolhimento de crianças acessíveis e a preços módicos, no quadro das metas de Barcelona[8], e da prestação de serviços que satisfaçam as necessidades de cuidados aos idosos e às pessoas com deficiência. A qualidade destes serviços deve ser melhorada e as qualificações do pessoal, na sua maioria mulheres, desenvolvidas e mais valorizadas.
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Η Ευρώπη πρέπει να αντιμετωπίσει μια πρόκληση με τρεις πτυχές: συρρικνούμενος ενεργός πληθυσμός, χαμηλά ποσοστά γεννήσεων και αυξανόμενος πληθυσμός ηλικιωμένων. Οι καλύτερες ρυθμίσεις για την επίτευξη ισορροπίας μεταξύ της εργασίας και της εκτός εργασίας ζωής αποτελούν ένα μέρος των μέτρων για την αντιμετώπιση της δημογραφικής ύφεσης με την προσφορά πιο οικονομικών και προσπελάσιμων υποδομών φροντίδας παιδιών, όπως απαιτείται από τους στόχους της Βαρκελώνης[8], και την παροχή υπηρεσιών που ικανοποιούν τις ανάγκες για φροντίδα των ηλικιωμένων και των ανθρώπων με αναπηρία. Η ποιότητα αυτών των υπηρεσιών πρέπει να βελτιωθεί και τα προσόντα του προσωπικού, που αποτελείται κυρίως από γυναίκες, να αναπτυχθούν και να εκτιμηθούν περισσότερο.
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2.3 Melhores políticas de conciliação que beneficiem homens e mulheres
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2.3 Καλύτερες πολιτικές συμφιλίωσης τόσο για τις γυναίκες όσο και για τους άνδρες
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Os serviços e as estruturas estão a adaptar-se demasiado lentamente a uma situação em que homens e mulheres trabalham. Poucos são os homens que exercem o direito à licença parental ou que trabalham a tempo parcial (7,4% contra 32,6% de mulheres). As mulheres continuam a ser as principais responsáveis pelos cuidados aos filhos e a outras pessoas dependentes. Há que encorajar os homens a assumir responsabilidades familiares, em especial através de incentivos ao exercício da licença parental e de paternidade e à partilha dos direitos de licença com as mulheres.
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Οι υπηρεσίες και οι δομές προσαρμόζονται πάρα πολύ αργά σε μια πραγματικότητα στην οποία εργάζονται και οι γυναίκες και οι άνδρες. Λίγοι άνδρες παίρνουν γονική άδεια ή εργάζονται με καθεστώς μερικής απασχόλησης (7,4% έναντι 32,6% για τις γυναίκες)· οι γυναίκες εξακολουθούν να είναι εκείνες που φροντίζουν κυρίως τα παιδιά και τα συντηρούμενα άτομα γενικά. Οι άνδρες πρέπει να ενθαρρυνθούν να αναλάβουν οικογενειακές ευθύνες, ειδικότερα μέσω κινήτρων για τη λήψη γονικής άδειας και άδειας πατρότητας και να μοιράζονται με τις γυναίκες τα δικαιώματα για άδεια.
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Principais acções
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Βασικές ενέργειες
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A Comissão:
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Η Επιτροπή
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- apresentará, em 2006, uma comunicação sobre demografia[9], onde abordará a questão da conciliação da vida profissional e familiar
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- θα παρουσιάσει το 2006 μια ανακοίνωση για τις δημογραφικές εξελίξεις[9], στην οποία θα εξετάσει το ζήτημα της συμφιλίωσης της οικογενειακής και της επαγγελματικής ζωής
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- apoiará a concretização das metas de Barcelona em matéria de serviços de acolhimento de crianças, bem como o desenvolvimento de outras estruturas de cuidados, através dos Fundos Estruturais e do intercâmbio de boas práticas
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- θα υποστηρίξει την επίτευξη των στόχων της Βαρκελώνης όσον αφορά τη φροντίδα των παιδιών και την ανάπτυξη άλλων υποδομών για την παροχή φροντίδας, μέσω των διαρθρωτικών ταμείων και της ανταλλαγής ορθών πρακτικών
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- apoiará a realização de estudos sobre profissões dos sectores social e da saúde, bem como o trabalho com organizações internacionais no sentido de uma classificação mais adequada destas actividades.
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- θα υποστηρίξει την έρευνα για τα επαγγέλματα στον τομέα της υγείας και της κοινωνικής πρόνοιας και θα συνεργαστεί με διεθνείς οργανισμούς για μια καλύτερη ταξινόμηση αυτών των επαγγελμάτων
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3. PROMOVER A PARTICIPAÇÃO EQUILIBRADA DE HOMENS E MULHERES EM INSTÂNCIAS DE TOMADA DE DECISÃO
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3. Προώθηση της ίσης συμμετοχής γυναικών και ανδρών στη λήψη αποφάσεων
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3.1 Participação feminina na política
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3.1 Συμμετοχή των γυναικών στην πολιτική
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A persistente subrepresentação feminina na tomada de decisão política constitui um défice democrático. Há que promover com maior insistência a cidadania activa das mulheres e a sua participação na política e em cargos superiores da administração pública a todos os níveis (local, regional, nacional, europeu). A disponibilidade de dados fiáveis e comparáveis a nível da UE continua a ser uma prioridade.
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Η επίμονη υποεκπροσώπηση των γυναικών στην λήψη πολιτικών αποφάσεων είναι ένα δημοκρατικό έλλειμμα. Η δραστηριοποίηση των γυναικών ως πολιτών και η συμμετοχή τους στην πολιτική και στην ανώτερη δημόσια διοίκηση σε όλα τα επίπεδα (τοπικό, περιφερειακό, εθνικό, ευρωπαϊκό) πρέπει να προωθηθούν περαιτέρω. Εξακολουθεί να αποτελεί ζήτημα προτεραιότητας η δυνατότητα διάθεσης αξιόπιστων και συγκρίσιμων στοιχείων σε επίπεδο ΕΕ.
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3.2 As mulheres na tomada de decisão económica
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3.2 Γυναίκες στην λήψη αποφάσεων στον οικονομικό τομέα
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Uma participação equilibrada de homens e mulheres na tomada de decisão económica pode contribuir para tornar mais produtivas e inovadoras as envolventes e as culturas laborais e, ao mesmo tempo, melhorar o desempenho da economia. Neste contexto, afigura-se essencial assegurar a transparência nos processos de promoção na carreira, a flexibilidade na organização do trabalho e a disponibilidade de estruturas de cuidados.
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Μια ισορροπημένη συμμετοχή γυναικών και ανδρών στην λήψη αποφάσεων στον οικονομικό τομέα μπορεί να συμβάλει στη δημιουργία ενός παραγωγικότερου και καινοτομικού εργασιακού περιβάλλοντος και νοοτροπίας καθώς και σε καλύτερες οικονομικές επιδόσεις. Η διαφάνεια στις διαδικασίες προώθησης, οι ευέλικτες ρυθμίσεις εργασίας, και η διαθεσιμότητα των υποδομών παροχής φροντίδας είναι ουσιαστικές.
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3.3 As mulheres na ciência e na tecnologia
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3.3 Γυναίκες στον τομέα των επιστημών και της τεχνολογίας
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A participação das mulheres na ciência e na tecnologia pode contribuir para aumentar a inovação, a qualidade e a competitividade da investigação científica e industrial e, como tal, deve ser promovida. A fim de alcançar a meta[10] de 25% de mulheres em cargos de liderança na investigação do sector público, há que aplicar políticas neste sentido e acompanhar os progressos obtidos. É também essencial neste contexto criar redes e disponibilizar dados a nível da UE.
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Η συμμετοχή των γυναικών στον τομέα των επιστημών και της τεχνολογίας μπορεί να συμβάλει στην αύξηση της καινοτομίας, της ποιότητας και της ανταγωνιστικότητας της επιστημονικής και βιομηχανικής έρευνας και πρέπει να προαχθεί. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί ο στόχος[10] να καταλαμβάνουν οι γυναίκες το 25% των ηγετικών θέσεων στην έρευνα του δημόσιου τομέα, πρέπει να εφαρμοστούν στην πράξη οι πολιτικές και να υπάρξει παρακολούθηση της προόδου. Είναι σημαντική η δικτύωση και η διαθεσιμότητα στοιχείων της ΕΕ.
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Principais acções
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Βασικές ενέργειες
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A Comissão:
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Η Επιτροπή
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- irá monitorizar e promover a integração da dimensão de género em todas as políticas e acções, em especial:
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- θα παρακολουθεί και θα προωθεί την ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου, ειδικότερα:
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- na política europeia de investigação e no 7.º Programa-Quadro, nomeadamente pondo em prática planos de acção sobre questões de género, desenvolvendo estudos específicos sobre essas questões, garantindo a integração da dimensão da igualdade entre homens e mulheres em todas as políticas e acções e assegurando a participação das mulheres no anunciado Conselho Europeu sobre a Investigação
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- στην ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική για την έρευνα και το 7ο πρόγραμμα-πλαίσιο, συμπεριλαμβάνοντας την εξασφάλιση της εφαρμογής των προγραμμάτων δράσης για τα δύο φύλα, την ανάπτυξη συγκεκριμένης έρευνας για τα δύο φύλα, τον έλεγχο της ενσωμάτωσης της διάστασης του φύλου και τη συμμετοχή των γυναικών στο προαναγγελθέν Ευρωπαϊκό Συμβούλιο Έρευνας
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- no programa “Educação e Formação 2010”, por via da promoção do acesso das mulheres a carreiras científicas e técnicas, em linha com o objectivo europeu de corrigir o desequilíbrio entre homens e mulheres neste domínio e do desenvolvimento, em 2007, de um guia europeu de melhores práticas em questões de género nas TIC
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- στο πρόγραμμα εκπαίδευσης και κατάρτισης 2010 με την προώθηση της πρόσβασης των γυναικών στις επιστημονικές και τεχνικές επαγγελματικές σταδιοδρομίες, σύμφωνα με τον ευρωπαϊκό στόχο της εξισορρόπησης της κατάστασης των φύλων σε αυτόν τον τομέα· στην ανάπτυξη το 2007 ενός ευρωπαϊκού οδηγού με τις καλύτερες πρακτικές στις ΤΠΕ όσον αφορά τα ζητήματα των δύο φύλων
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- na aplicação do futuro programa “Cidadãos pela Europa”, incluindo a igualdade entre homens e mulheres no domínio da cidadania activa como um dos temas prioritários, e através da mobilização de redes existentes
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- στην εφαρμογή του μελλοντικού προγράμματος «Πολίτες για την Ευρώπη» συμπεριλαμβάνοντας την ισότητα των δύο φύλων στον τομέα της ενεργού άσκησης της ιδιότητας του πολίτη στα θέματα προτεραιότητας, και κινητοποιώντας τα υπάρχοντα δίκτυα
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- irá estabelecer, em 2007, uma rede comunitária de mulheres em cargos de tomada de decisão a nível político e económico
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- θα καθιερώσει το 2007 ένα δίκτυο των γυναικών που καταλαμβάνουν θέσεις λήψης αποφάσεων στον οικονομικό και πολιτικό τομέα στην ΕΕ
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- apoiará a organização de campanhas de sensibilização, o intercâmbio de boas práticas e a realização de estudos, designadamente a partir da base de dados europeia sobre as mulheres e os homens no processo de decisão, em especial com vista às eleições para o Parlamento Europeu em 2009.
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- θα υποστηρίξει τις δραστηριότητες ευαισθητοποίησης, την ανταλλαγή ορθών πρακτικών και την έρευνα, ιδίως βάσει της ευρωπαϊκής βάσης δεδομένων για τις γυναίκες και τους άνδρες όσον αφορά τη λήψη αποφάσεων ενόψει των εκλογών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου το 2009
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4. ERRADICAR A VIOLÊNCIA EM RAZÃO DO SEXO E O TRÁFICO DE SERES HUMANOS
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4. ΕΞΑΛΕΙΨΗ της βίας και ΤΟΥ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΟΥ ανθρωπων ΜΕ ΒΑΣΗ ΤΟ ΦΥΛΟ
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4.1 Erradicação da violência em razão do sexo
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4.1 Εξάλειψη της βίας με βάση το φύλο
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A UE está empenhada no combate a todas as formas de violência. As mulheres são as principais vítimas da violência em razão do sexo, que constitui uma violação dos direitos fundamentais à vida, segurança, liberdade, dignidade e integridade física e emocional. A violação destes direitos não pode ser tolerada ou desculpada seja por que motivo for. A prevenção é essencial e passa pela educação e pelo conhecimento, pelo desenvolvimento de redes e parcerias e pelo intercâmbio de boas práticas. É necessária uma intervenção urgente para eliminar atitudes, práticas e costumes tradicionais nefastos, incluindo a mutilação genital feminina, os casamentos precoces e forçados e os crimes em nome da honra.
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Η ΕΕ έχει δεσμευτεί να καταπολεμήσει όλες τις μορφές βίας. Οι γυναίκες είναι τα κύρια θύματα της βίας με βάση το φύλο. Πρόκειται για μια παραβίαση του θεμελιώδους δικαιώματος στη ζωή, την ασφάλεια, την ελευθερία, την αξιοπρέπεια και τη φυσική και συναισθηματική ακεραιότητα. Δεν πρέπει να υπάρχει ανοχή ούτε καμία δικαιολογία για την παραβίαση των δικαιωμάτων αυτών. Η πρόληψη έχει ουσιαστική σημασία και απαιτεί εκπαίδευση και γνώσεις, την ανάπτυξη της δικτύωσης και της συνεργασίας και την ανταλλαγή ορθών πρακτικών. Απαιτείται άμεση δραστηριοποίηση για να αποβληθούν συνήθεις ή παραδοσιακές επιβλαβείς συμπεριφορές και πρακτικές, στις οποίες συμπεριλαμβάνονται ο ακρωτηριασμός των γεννητικών οργάνων των γυναικών, οι πρώιμους και αναγκαστικοί γάμοι και τα εγκλήματα τιμής.
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4.2 Eliminação do tráfico de seres humanos
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4.2 Εξάλειψη του εμπορίου ανθρώπων
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O tráfico de seres humanos constitui um crime contra as pessoas e uma violação dos direitos humanos fundamentais. Trata-se de uma forma de escravatura moderna à qual são mais vulneráveis as mulheres e crianças, em especial do sexo feminino, atingidas pela pobreza. A sua erradicação exige uma combinação de medidas preventivas, criminalização do tráfico através de legislação adequada e serviços de protecção e assistência às vítimas[11]. Há que desenvolver medidas para desincentivar a procura de mulheres e crianças para fins de exploração sexual. Esta abordagem está consubstanciada na acção da UE em matéria de tráfico de seres humanos[12]. A directiva relativa ao título de residência concedido às vítimas do tráfico de seres humanos[13] constituirá um novo instrumento para a reintegração das vítimas através do acesso ao mercado laboral, à formação profissional e à educação. Devem ser aproveitadas ao máximo sinergias com o FSE. A UE deve desenvolver dados comparáveis para avaliar anualmente o tráfico em todos os países.
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Το εμπόριο ανθρώπων είναι έγκλημα εις βάρος των ατόμων και παραβίαση των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων τους. Είναι μια μορφή σύγχρονης δουλείας στην οποία οι γυναίκες και τα παιδιά που έχουν πληγεί από τη φτώχεια, ειδικότερα τα κορίτσια, είναι πιο ευάλωτα. Η εξάλειψή της απαιτεί έναν συνδυασμό προληπτικών μέτρων, την ποινικοποίηση του εμπορίου μέσω επαρκούς νομοθεσίας και την προστασία και τη βοήθεια των θυμάτων[11]. Τα μέτρα που θα αποτρέψουν τη ζήτηση γυναικών και παιδιών με στόχο τη σεξουαλική εκμετάλλευσή τους πρέπει να αναπτυχθούν περαιτέρω. Αυτή η προσέγγιση απεικονίζεται στη δράση της ΕΕ για το εμπόριο ανθρώπων[12]. Η οδηγία για τις άδειες παραμονής για τα θύματα του εμπορίου ανθρώπων[13] θα παράσχει ένα νέο εργαλείο για την επανένταξη των θυμάτων μέσω της πρόσβασης στην αγορά εργασίας, την επαγγελματική κατάρτιση και την εκπαίδευση. Η συνέργεια με το ΕΚΤ πρέπει να αξιοποιηθεί πλήρως. Η ΕΕ πρέπει να αναπτύξει συγκρίσιμα στοιχεία για την ετήσια αξιολόγηση του εμπορίου σε κάθε χώρα.
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Principais acções
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Βασικές ενέργειες
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A Comissão:
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Η Επιτροπή
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- publicará, em 2006, uma comunicação sobre o estabelecimento de um sistema de estatísticas comparáveis sobre os crimes, as vítimas e a justiça criminal e acompanhará os progressos a nível da UE
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- θα εκδώσει, το 2006, ανακοίνωση σχετικά με την καθιέρωση ενός συστήματος συγκρίσιμων στατιστικών για το έγκλημα, τα θύματα και την ποινική δικαιοσύνη και θα παρακολουθήσει την πρόοδο σε επίπεδο ΕΕ
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- apoiará os esforços empreendidos pelos Estados-Membros e ONG no sentido de erradicarem a violência emrazão do sexo, onde se incluem práticas, costumes ou tradições nefastos, promovendo campanhas de sensibilização, apoiando a criação de redes, o intercâmbio de boas práticas e a investigação, pondo em prática programas destinados às vítimas e aos autores e encorajando os Estados-Membros a estabelecerem planos de acção a nível nacional
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- θα υποστηρίξει τα κράτη μέλη και τις ΜΚΟ στις προσπάθειές τους να εξαλείψουν τη βία με βάση το φύλο, και τις συνήθεις ή παραδοσιακές επιβλαβείς πρακτικές, με την προώθηση εκστρατειών ευαισθητοποίησης, την υποστήριξη της δικτύωσης, την ανταλλαγή ορθών πρακτικών και την έρευνα, την εφαρμογή προγραμμάτων τόσο για τα θύματα όσο και για τους θύτες και την ενθάρρυνση των κρατών μελών να θεσπίσουν εθνικά προγράμματα δράσης
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- dará seguimento à comunicação relativa ao plano de acção da UE em matéria de tráfico de seres humanos e promoverá o recurso a todos os instrumentos existentes, incluindo o FSE, com vista à reinserção na sociedade das vítimas de violência e do tráfico de seres humanos.
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- θα δώσει συνέχεια στην ανακοίνωση και το πρόγραμμα δράσης της ΕΕ για το εμπόριο των ανθρώπων και θα προωθήσει τη χρήση όλων των μέσων που υπάρχουν, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του ΕΚΤ, για την επανένταξη στην κοινωνία των θυμάτων βίας και εμπορίου ανθρώπων
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5. ELIMINAR OS ESTEREÓTIPOS DE GÉNERO NA SOCIEDADE
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5. Εξάλειψη των στερεοτύπων ΤΩΝ ΦΥΛΩΝ στην κοινωνία
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5.1 Eliminação dos estereótipos de género na educação, formação e cultura
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5.1 Εξάλειψη των στερεοτύπων των φύλων στην εκπαίδευση, την κατάρτιση και τον πολιτισμό
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Os sistemas de educação e formação e a cultura continuam a transmitir estereótipos de género. Mulheres e homens seguem, muitas vezes, percursos educativos e formativos tradicionais, que colocam as mulheres em profissões menos valorizadas e remuneradas. As políticas devem colocar a tónica no combate precoce aos estereótipos de género, formando e sensibilizando professores e estudantes e encorajando os jovens de ambos os sexos a explorar percursos educativos não tradicionais. O sistema de educação deve dotar os jovens de qualificações adequadas. Por conseguinte, é também importante abordar o fenómeno do abandono escolar precoce, que afecta mais rapazes do que raparigas.
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Η εκπαίδευση, η κατάρτιση και ο πολιτισμός συνεχίζουν να μεταφέρουν τα στερεότυπα των φύλων. Οι γυναίκες και οι άνδρες ακολουθούν συχνά τις παραδοσιακές οδούς εκπαίδευσης και κατάρτισης, οι οποίες τοποθετούν συχνά τις γυναίκες σε επαγγέλματα που εκτιμούνται και αμείβονται λιγότερο. Η πολιτική πρέπει να εστιαστεί στην καταπολέμηση των στερεοτύπων των φύλων από μικρή ηλικία, στην κατάρτιση για την ευαισθητοποίηση του διδακτικού προσωπικού και των σπουδαστών και στην ενθάρρυνση νέων γυναικών και ανδρών να εξερευνήσουν εκπαιδευτικά μονοπάτια που δεν είναι παραδοσιακά. Το εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα πρέπει να παρέχει στους νέους τα κατάλληλα προσόντα. Συνεπώς, είναι επίσης σημαντικό να αντιμετωπιστεί το φαινόμενο της πρόωρης εγκατάλειψης του σχολείου που πλήττει περισσότερο τα αγόρια από τα κορίτσια.
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5.2 Eliminação dos estereótipos de género no mercado laboral
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5.2 Εξάλειψη των στερεοτύπων των φύλων στην αγορά εργασίας
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As mulheres são ainda vítimas de segregação horizontal e vertical. A maioria continua empregada em sectores tradicionalmente ocupados por mulheres, que são tipicamente menos reconhecidos e valorizados. Acresce que, de um modo geral, ocupam escalões inferiores da hierarquia organizacional. É tão importante facilitar a entrada das mulheres em sectores não tradicionais, como é promover a presença de homens em áreas de dominância normalmente feminina. Há que aplicar a legislação anti-discriminação, providenciando formação e incentivos.
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Οι γυναίκες εξακολουθούν να αντιμετωπίζουν τον οριζόντιο και τον κάθετο διαχωρισμό. Οι περισσότερες εξακολουθούν να απασχολούνται σε τομείς που απασχολούν παραδοσιακά γυναίκες και οι οποίοι συνήθως αναγνωρίζονται και εκτιμώνται λιγότερο. Επιπλέον, καταλαμβάνουν γενικά τα χαμηλότερα κλιμάκια στην οργάνωση της ιεραρχίας. Είναι εξίσου σημαντικό να διευκολυνθεί η είσοδος των γυναικών στους μη παραδοσιακούς τομείς όσο και να προωθηθεί η παρουσία των ανδρών σε τομείς που απασχολούν παραδοσιακά γυναίκες. Πρέπει να επιβληθούν νόμοι για την καταπολέμηση των διακρίσεων και να παρέχεται κατάρτιση και κίνητρα.
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5.3 Eliminação dos estereótipos de género nos meios de comunicação
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5.3 Εξάλειψη των στερεοτύπων των φύλων στα μέσα ενημέρωσης
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Os meios de comunicação têm um papel crucial a desempenhar no combate aos estereótipos de género. O seu contributo neste âmbito passa pela apresentação de uma imagem realista das competências e potencialidades de homens e mulheres na sociedade, evitando retratá-las de forma degradante e ofensiva. Neste contexto, há que promover a todos os níveis o diálogo com os agentes envolvidos e organizar campanhas de sensibilização.
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Τα μέσα έχουν έναν σημαντικό ρόλο στην καταπολέμηση των στερεοτύπων των φύλων. Μπορούν να συμβάλλουν στην παρουσίαση μιας ρεαλιστικής εικόνας των προσόντων και των δυνατοτήτων των γυναικών και των ανδρών στη σύγχρονη κοινωνία και να αποφεύγουν να υποβαθμίζουν και προσβάλλουν την εικόνα τους. Ο διάλογος με τα ενδιαφερόμενα μέρη και οι εκστρατείες ευαισθητοποίησης πρέπει να προωθούνται σε όλα τα επίπεδα.
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Principais acções
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Βασικές ενέργειες
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A Comissão:
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Η Επιτροπή
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- apoiará acções para eliminar os estereótipos de género na educação, na cultura e no mercado laboral, promovendo o gender mainstreaming e a adopção de medidas específicas no FSE, nos programas consagrados às TIC e nos programas comunitários nas áreas da educação e da cultura, designadamente a estratégia de aprendizagem ao longo da vida e o futuro programa integrado de aprendizagem ao longo da vida
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- θα υποστηρίξει μέτρα για την εξάλειψη των στερεοτύπων των φύλων στην εκπαίδευση, τον πολιτισμό και την αγορά εργασίας με την προώθηση της ενσωμάτωσης της διάστασης του φύλου και συγκεκριμένων ενεργειών στο πλαίσιο του ΕΚΤ, με τα προγράμματα ΤΠΕ και τα προγράμματα εκπαίδευσης και πολιτισμού της ΕΕ, καθώς και τη στρατηγική για τη διά βίου μάθηση της ΕΕ και το μελλοντικό ολοκληρωμένο πρόγραμμα για τη διά βίου μάθηση
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- apoiará a organização de campanhas de sensibilização e o intercâmbio de boas práticas nas escolas e nas empresas sobre papéis não estereotipados em função do sexo, e desenvolverá um diálogo com os meios de comunicação no sentido de incentivar a retratação não estereotipada de homens e mulheres
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- θα υποστηρίξει τις εκστρατείες ευαισθητοποίησης και την ανταλλαγή ορθών πρακτικών στα σχολεία και τις επιχειρήσεις σχετικά με τους ρόλους των φύλων που ξεφεύγουν από τα στερεότυπα και θα αναπτύξει το διάλογο με τα μέσα ενημέρωσης ώστε να ενθαρρύνει την μη στερεότυπη εικόνα γυναικών και ανδρών
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- sensibilizará para a igualdade entre homens e mulheres no diálogo com os cidadãos da UE no âmbito do plano da Comissão para a democracia, o diálogo e o debate[14].
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- θα αυξήσει την ευαισθητοποίηση σχετικά με την ισότητα των φύλων στο διάλογο με τους πολίτες της ΕΕ, μέσω του σχεδίου της Επιτροπής για τη δημοκρατία, το διάλογο και τη δημόσια συζήτηση[14]
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6. PROMOVER A IGUALDADE ENTRE HOMENS E MULHERES FORA DA UE
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6. Προώθηση της ισότητας των φυλων εκτοσ ΕΕ
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6.1 Aplicação da legislação comunitária nos países da adesão, candidatos e potenciais candidatos [15]
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6.1 Εφαρμογή της νομοθεσίας της ΕΕ στις προσχωρούσες, υποψήφιες και εν δυνάμει υποψήφιες χώρες[15]
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Os países que aderem à UE devem aceitar plenamente o princípio fundamental da igualdade entre homens e mulheres. Devem garantir uma aplicação rigorosa da legislação e instituir sistemas administrativos e judiciais adequados. A monitorização da transposição, implementação e aplicação da legislação comunitária em matéria de igualdade entre homens e mulheres constituirá uma prioridade da UE em futuros processos de alargamento.
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Οι χώρες που προσχωρούν στην ΕΕ πρέπει να ενστερνιστούν τη θεμελιώδη αρχή της ισότητας γυναικών και ανδρών. Πρέπει επίσης να εγγυηθούν την αυστηρή εφαρμογή της νομοθεσίας και να θεσπίσουν κατάλληλα διοικητικά και δικαστικά συστήματα. Ο έλεγχος της μεταφοράς, της ενσωμάτωσης και της εφαρμογής της νομοθεσίας για την ισότητα των φύλων της ΕΕ θα αποτελεί προτεραιότητα για τις μελλοντικές διαδικασίες διεύρυνσης της ΕΕ.
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6.2 Promoção da igualdade entre homens e mulheres na política europeia de vizinhança (PEV), nas polític as externa e de desenvolvimento
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6.2 Προώθηση της ισότητας των φύλων στην ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική γειτονίας (ΕΠΓ), στις εξωτερικές και αναπτυξιακές πολιτικές
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A igualdade entre homens e mulheres é um fim em si mesmo, um direito humano que contribui para reduzir a pobreza. A UE é um actor fundamental dos esforços internacionais de desenvolvimento e subscreve princípios universalmente reconhecidos como a Declaração de Desenvolvimento do Milénio e a Plataforma de Acção de Pequim. Tem vindo a reafirmar a igualdade entre homens e mulheres como uma das cinco principais prioridades da política de desenvolvimento, no âmbito do Consenso Europeu sobre o Desenvolvimento [16]. Na nova estratégia da UE para África[17] a igualdade entre homens e mulheres figura como elemento central em todas as parcerias e estratégias de desenvolvimento nacionais. A UE está empenhada na promoção da igualdade entre homens e mulheres nas relações externas, designadamente na política europeia de vizinhança. As intervenções humanitárias da UE atendem especialmente às necessidades específicas das mulheres.
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Η ισότητα των φύλων είναι ένας αυτοτελής στόχος, δικαίωμα του ανθρώπου και συμβάλλει στη μείωση της φτώχειας. Η ΕΕ είναι βασικός παράγοντας στις διεθνείς αναπτυξιακές προσπάθειες και προσχωρεί στις διεθνώς αναγνωρισμένες αρχές όπως η διακήρυξη της χιλιετίας για την ανάπτυξη και το πρόγραμμα δράσης του Πεκίνου (BPfA). Έχει επιβεβαιώσει την ισότητα των φύλων ως μια από τις πέντε βασικές αρχές της αναπτυξιακής πολιτικής στην ευρωπαϊκή συναίνεση για την ανάπτυξη [16]. Η νέα στρατηγική της ΕΕ για την Αφρική[17] περιλαμβάνει την ισότητα των φύλων ως βασικό στοιχείο σε όλες τις συνεργασίες και τις εθνικές αναπτυξιακές στρατηγικές. Η ΕΕ δεσμεύεται να προαγάγει την ισότητα των φύλων στις εξωτερικές σχέσεις, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της ευρωπαϊκής πολιτικής γειτονίας. Οι ανθρωπιστικές επεμβάσεις της ΕΕ λαμβάνουν ειδικότερα υπόψη τις συγκεκριμένες ανάγκες των γυναικών.
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Em todo o mundo, a UE continuará a fomentar a educação e um ambiente seguro para raparigas e mulheres, os direitos sexuais e de saúde reprodutiva, o empoderamento das mulheres, que contribui para o combate à SIDA/VIH, e a luta contra a mutilação genital feminina. A UE e os Estados-Membros têm de incentivar a participação das mulheres na economia, na política e na tomada de decisão, na prevenção e resolução de conflitos, na construção da paz e nos esforços de reconstrução.
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Σε όλο τον κόσμο, η ΕΕ θα συνεχίσει να προωθεί την εκπαίδευση και ένα ασφαλές περιβάλλον για τα κορίτσια και τις γυναίκες, τη σεξουαλική και αναπαραγωγική υγεία και τα δικαιώματα στη σεξουαλική και αναπαραγωγική υγεία, την ενδυνάμωση των γυναικών που συμβάλλουν στην καταπολέμηση του HIV/AIDS, και θα προωθήσει τον αγώνα ενάντια στον ακρωτηριασμό των γεννητικών οργάνων των γυναικών. Η ΕΕ και τα κράτη μέλη πρέπει να εντείνουν τη συμμετοχή των γυναικών στην οικονομική και πολιτική ζωή και στη λήψη αποφάσεων, στην πρόληψη και τη διευθέτηση των συγκρούσεων, στην οικοδόμηση της ειρήνης και την ανασυγκρότηση.
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Principais acções
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Βασικές ενέργειες
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A Comissão:
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Η Επιτροπή
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- acompanhará e promoverá a sensibilização sobre a transposição, a implementação e a aplicação prática do acervo comunitário em matéria de igualdade entre homens e mulheres nos países da adesão, candidatos e potenciais candidatos, nomeadamente na programação do processo de pré-adesão e nas negociações da adesão
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- θα παρακολουθεί και θα αυξάνει την ευαισθητοποίηση για τη μεταφορά, την εφαρμογή και την αποτελεσματική επιβολή του κοινοτικού κεκτημένου για την ισότητα των φύλων στις προσχωρούσες, υποψήφιες και δυνάμει υποψήφιες χώρες, και στον προγραμματισμό της προενταξιακής βοήθειας και στις διαπραγματεύσεις για την προσχώρηση
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- acompanhará a promoverá a integração da dimensão da igualdade em todas as políticas e a adopção de medidas específicas na política europeia de vizinhança, nas políticas de relações externas e desenvolvimento da UE, no diálogo político e nos níveis de programação (documentos de estratégia nacionais e nos documentos de estratégia de redução da pobreza) Ao nível da implementação, será consagrada particular atenção à integração da dimensão de género em todas as políticas nos novos instrumentos de auxílio (apoio orçamental e programas sectoriais)
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- θα παρακολουθεί και θα προάγει την ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου και ειδικά μέτρα στην ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική γειτονίας, στις εξωτερικές σχέσεις της ΕΕ και τις αναπτυξιακές πολιτικές, σε επίπεδο πολιτικού διαλόγου και προγραμματισμού (εθνικά στρατηγικά έγγραφα και στρατηγικά έγγραφα για τη μείωση της φτώχειας). Σε επίπεδο εφαρμογής, θα δοθεί ιδιαίτερη προσοχή στην ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου στις νέες μορφές ενισχύσεων (προγράμματα δημοσιονομικής και κλαδικής υποστήριξης)
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- apresentará, em 2006, uma comunicação sobre uma visão europeia da igualdade entre homens e mulheres na cooperação para o desenvolvimento
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- θα παρουσιάσει το 2006 ανακοίνωση σχετικά με ένα ευρωπαϊκό όραμα για την ισότητα των φύλων στην αναπτυξιακή συνεργασία
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- promoverá a integração da dimensão de género nas operações de auxílio humanitário da UE, através da sua inclusão enquanto parte das revisões e avaliações temáticas e técnicas (incluindo no que respeita ao reforço de capacidades)
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- θα προωθήσει της διάστασης του φύλου σε επιχειρήσεις ανθρωπιστικής βοήθειας της ΕΚ συμπεριλαμβάνοντας τη διάσταση του φύλου στο πλαίσιο της θεματικής και τεχνικής επανεξέτασης (και για τη δημιουργία ικανοτήτων) και αξιολόγησης
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- irá reforçar a igualdade entre homens e mulheres na região mediterrânica, designadamente através da organização, em 2006, de uma conferência ministerial Euromed sobre igualdade de géneros, antecedida por uma consulta da sociedade civil, que poderá conduzir à adopção de um plano de acção
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- θα ενισχύσει την ισότητα των φύλων στην περιοχή της Μεσογείου, περιλαμβάνοντας τη διοργάνωση μιας εuρωμεσογειακής υπουργικής διάσκεψης για την ισότητα των φύλων το 2006 ύστερα από μια διαβούλευση με την κοινωνία των πολιτών, η οποία θα μπορούσε να καταλήξει στην έγκριση σχεδίου δράσης
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- contribuirá para as concretizações da Plataforma de Acção de Pequim e de outras convenções internacionais e regionais relevantes, através do apoio a programas, do reforço de capacidades e das possibilidades de recolha de dados nos países em desenvolvimento
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- θα συμβάλει στα επιτεύγματα του BPfA και άλλων σχετικών διεθνών και περιφερειακών συμβάσεων με την υποστήριξη των προγραμμάτων, τη δημιουργία υποδομής και τη συλλογή δεδομένων στις αναπτυσσόμενες χώρες
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- contribuirá para a implementação da Resolução 1325 (2000) do Conselho de Segurança da ONU sobre mulheres, paz e segurança, e desenvolverá, em 2006, orientações em matéria de gender mainstreaming em actividades de formação em gestão de crises
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- θα συμβάλει στην εφαρμογή του ψηφίσματος 1325 (2000) του Συμβουλίου Ασφαλείας των Η.Ε. για τις γυναίκες, την ειρήνη και την ασφάλεια, μεταξύ άλλων με την ανάπτυξη, το 2006, των κατευθυντηρίων γραμμών για την ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου στις δραστηριότητες κατάρτισης με στόχο τη διαχείριση των κρίσεων
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- apoiará as organizações e as redes de mulheres.
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- θα προωθήσει τις οργανώσεις και τα δίκτυα των γυναικών.
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PARTE II: MELHORAR A GOVERNAÇÃO EM PROL DA IGUALDADE ENTRE HOMENS E MULHERES
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ΜΕΡΟΣ II: ΒΕΛΤΙΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΑΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΣΗΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΟΤΗΤΑ ΤΩΝ ΦΥΛΩΝ
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A igualdade entre homens e mulheres só pode ser uma realidade com um compromisso claro ao mais alto nível político, A Comissão promove a igualdade entre homens e mulheres nas suas próprias fileiras[18] e apoia um conjunto de estruturas[19] que trabalham nesta área, o que conduziu a progressos significativos.
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Η ισότητα των φύλων μπορεί να επιτευχθεί μόνο με μια σαφή δέσμευση στο ύψιστο πολιτικό επίπεδο. Η Επιτροπή προωθεί την ισότητα των φύλων στο εσωτερικό της[18] και υποστηρίζει ορισμένες δομές[19] για τα ζητήματα των φύλων, στα οποία έχει σημειωθεί σημαντική πρόοδος.
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Não obstante, importantes avanços estão ainda por conseguir nas áreas cruciais identificadas neste roteiro, o que exige uma melhoria da governação a todos os níveis: instituições da UE, Estados-Membros, parlamentos nacionais, parceiros sociais e sociedade civil. O apoio dos ministros que operam na área da igualdade entre homens e mulheres é essencial: as suas reuniões regulares e as conferências da presidência apoiadas pela Comissão constituem importantes oportunidades para dialogar e acompanhar os progressos. O pacto europeu para a igualdade entre homens e mulheres demonstra o compromisso ao mais alto nível político nos Estados-Membros no sentido de multiplicar esforços para atingir essa igualdade, em parceria com a Comissão.
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Εντούτοις, πρέπει ακόμα να επιτευχθεί σημαντική πρόοδος στους βασικούς τομείς που προσδιορίζονται σε αυτόν το χάρτη πορείας. Η πρόοδος απαιτεί καλύτερη διακυβέρνηση σε όλα τα επίπεδα: θεσμικά όργανα της ΕΕ, κράτη μέλη, κοινοβούλια, κοινωνικοί εταίροι και κοινωνία πολιτών. Η υποστήριξη των υπουργών που είναι αρμόδιοι για την ισότητα των φύλων έχει μεγάλη σημασία: οι τακτικές συνεδριάσεις τους και οι διασκέψεις της προεδρίας, που υποστηρίζονται από την Επιτροπή, είναι σημαντικές ευκαιρίες για το διάλογο και τον έλεγχο. Το ευρωπαϊκό σύμφωνο για την ισότητα των φύλων δείχνει τη δέσμευση των κρατών μελών στο ύψιστο πολιτικό επίπεδο να αυξήσουν τις προσπάθειές τους για την επίτευξη της ισότητας των φύλων σε συνεργασία με την Επιτροπή.
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O futuro Instituto Europeu para a Igualdade entre Homens e Mulheres[20] proporcionará especialização, melhorando os conhecimentos e reforçando a visibilidade neste domínio. Os Fundos Estruturais, os programas financeiros em diferentes áreas políticas e o futuro programa PROGRESS apoiarão a implementação deste roteiro. A aplicação de metodologias de igualdade entre homens e mulheres, tais como avaliações do impacto nos géneros e uma orçamentação em função do género (isto é, a integração de uma perspectiva de igualdade entre homens e mulheres no processo orçamental), promoverão a igualdade através de uma maior transparência e do reforço da responsabilização.
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Το προγραμματισμένο ευρωπαϊκό ίδρυμα για την ισότητα των φύλων[20] θα παράσχει τεχνογνωσία, η οποία θα βελτιώνει τη γνώση και θα προβάλει την ισότητα των φύλων. Τα διαρθρωτικά ταμεία, τα οικονομικά προγράμματα στους διαφορετικούς τομείς των πολιτικών και το μελλοντικό πρόγραμμα PROGRESS θα υποστηρίξουν την εφαρμογή του χάρτη πορείας. Η εφαρμογή των μεθοδολογιών της ισότητας των φύλων, όπως η αξιολόγηση του αντίκτυπου και η συνεκτίμηση της ισότητας των φύλων στον προϋπολογισμό (η ενσωμάτωση της προοπτικής της ισότητας των δύο φύλων στη δημοσιονομική διαδικασία) θα προωθήσει την ισότητα των φύλων, θα παράσχει μεγαλύτερη διαφάνεια και θα ενισχύσει την υποχρέωση λογοδοσίας.
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Principais acções
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Βασικές ενέργειες
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A Comissão:
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Η Επιτροπή
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- reforçará as suas estruturas
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- θα ενισχύσει τις δομές της
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- participará, em 2007, na criação do Instituto Europeu para a Igualdade entre Homens e Mulheres
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- θα συμμετάσχει, το 2007, στη σύσταση του ευρωπαϊκού ιδρύματος για την ισότητα των φύλων
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- acompanhará os progressos em matéria de igualdade entre os géneros na política de recursos humanos da Comissão e apresentará, em 2007, uma comunicação sobre a concretização das metas definidas neste domínio para os seus comités e grupos de peritos[21] facilitará a formação em igualdade entre homens e mulheres destinada aos seus efectivos, incluindo os quadros superiores e o pessoal que trabalha nas políticas externa e de cooperação para o desenvolvimento
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- θα παρακολουθήσει την πρόοδο όσον αφορά την ισότητα των φύλων στην πολιτική του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού της Επιτροπής και θα παρουσιάσει, το 2007, ανακοίνωση σχετικά με την επίτευξη του συνόλου των στόχων για τις επιτροπές της και τις ομάδες εμπειρογνωμόνων[21]· θα διευκολύνει την κατάρτιση στην ισότητα των φύλων για το προσωπικό της, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της διοίκησης και του προσωπικού που εργάζεται σε τομείς εξωτερικής και αναπτυξιακής συνεργασίας
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- reforçará a criação de redes e apoiará o diálogo social
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- θα ενισχύσει τη δικτύωση και θα υποστηρίξει τον κοινωνικό διάλογο
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- criará, em 2006, uma rede comunitária de organismos da igualdade, estabelecida para dar cumprimento à Directiva 2002/73
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- θα δημιουργήσει το 2006 ένα δίκτυο φορέων της ΕΕ για την ισότητα των φύλων σύμφωνα με την οδηγία 2002/73
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- intensificará a cooperação a nível da UE com ONG, designadamente o diálogo com organizações de mulheres e outros organismos da sociedade civil
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- θα ενισχύσει τη συνεργασία σε επίπεδο ΕΕ με τις ΜΚΟ, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του διαλόγου με τις οργανώσεις των γυναικών και με άλλες οργανώσεις της κοινωνίας των πολιτών
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- incentivará e apoiará o trabalho dos parceiros sociais em matéria de igualdade entre homens e mulheres aos níveis interprofissional e sectorial
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- θα ενθαρρύνει και θα υποστηρίξει το έργο των κοινωνικών εταίρων για την ισότητα των φύλων τόσο σε διακλαδικό όσο και σε κλαδικό επίπεδο
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- apoiará a realização de avaliações do impacto nos géneros e a orçamentação em função do género
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- θα υποστηρίξει την αξιολόγηση του αντίκτυπου όσον αφορά την ισότητα των φύλων και τη συνεκτίμηση της διάστασης της ισότητας των φύλων κατά την κατάρτιση του προϋπολογισμού
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- reforçará a inclusão de uma perspectiva de género nas avaliações de impacto[22] das políticas e legislações comunitárias e explorará as possibilidades de desenvolver uma orçamentação em função do género a nível da UE, em especial nos Fundos Estruturais, no âmbito das possibilidades da gestão partilhada
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- θα ενισχύσει την ενσωμάτωση της προοπτικής της ισότητας των δύο φύλων στην αξιολόγηση[22] του αντίκτυπου των κοινοτικών πολιτικών και νομοθετημάτων και θα εξερευνήσει τις δυνατότητες κατάρτισης προϋπολογισμού σε επίπεδο ΕΕ που θα συνυπολογίζει τη διάσταση των φύλων, ιδίως στα διαρθρωτικά ταμεία, εντός των δυνατοτήτων της επιμερισμένης διαχείρισης
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- incentivará a orçamentação em função do género a nível local, regional e nacional, também através do intercâmbio de melhores práticas
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- θα ενθαρρύνει τη συνεκτίμηση της διάστασης του φύλου κατά την κατάρτιση του προϋπολογισμού σε τοπικό, περιφερειακό και εθνικό επίπεδο και μέσω της ανταλλαγής βέλτιστων πρακτικών
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- reforçará a eficácia da legislação
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- θα ενισχύσει την αποτελεσματικότητα της νομοθεσίας
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- procederá à revisão da legislação comunitária em vigor no domínio da igualdade entre homens e mulheres não incluída no exercício de reformulação de 2005[23], com vista à actualização, modernização e reformulação, quando tal for necessário
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- θα αναθεωρήσει την υπάρχουσα νομοθεσία για την ισότητα των φύλων στην ΕΕ που δεν περιλαμβάνεται στην αναδιατύπωση του 2005[23] με σκοπό την ενημέρωση, τον εκσυγχρονισμό και την αναδιατύπωση αν χρειαστεί
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- controlará a implementação e a aplicação da legislação comunitária em matéria de igualdade entre homens e mulheres
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- θα ελέγξει την ενσωμάτωση και την εφαρμογή της νομοθεσίας της ΕΕ για την ισότητα των φύλων
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- informará os cidadãos da UE dos seus direitos em matéria de igualdade entre homens e mulheres, através do portal “A sua Europa”[24] e do Serviço de Orientação do Cidadão[25].
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- θα ενημερώσει τους πολίτες της ΕΕ για τα δικαιώματά τους όσον αφορά την ισότητα των φύλων μέσω της πύλης "Η Ευρώπη σας"[24] και της υπηρεσίας προσανατολισμού για τους πολίτες[25]
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Acompanhar os progressos
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Παρακολούθηση της προόδου
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O processo de responsabilização é central para uma governação eficaz. A Comissão acompanhará e avaliará este roteiro. O seu programa de trabalho anual para a inclusão da perspectiva de género em todas as políticas e acções constitui uma ferramenta eficaz, que será mantida e adaptada para poder acompanhar este roteiro.
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Η υποχρέωση λογοδοσίας έχει μεγάλη σημασία για την αποτελεσματική διακυβέρνηση. Η Επιτροπή θα παρακολουθεί και θα αξιολογεί αυτόν το χάρτη πορείας. Το ετήσιο πρόγραμμα εργασίας της για την εφαρμογή της ενσωμάτωσης της διάστασης του φύλου είναι ένα αποτελεσματικό εργαλείο που θα διατηρηθεί και θα προσαρμοστεί για τη συνέχεια αυτού του χάρτη πορείας.
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A Comissão:
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Η Επιτροπή
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- acompanhará os progressos em termos de igualdade entre homens e mulheres e orientará a inclusão da perspectiva de género, através do seu relatório anual sobre igualdade entre homens e mulheres, e seguirá a aplicação do roteiro, através do seu programa de trabalho anual
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- θα παρακολουθεί την πρόοδο στην ισότητα των φύλων και θα παρέχει καθοδήγηση για την ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου μέσω της ετήσιας έκθεσής της για την ισότητα μεταξύ γυναικών και ανδρών και θα δώσει συνέχεια στην εφαρμογή του χάρτη πορείας μέσω του ετήσιου προγράμματος εργασίας της
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- assegurará um acompanhamento político, através de reuniões dos ministros da igualdade e do grupo de comissários sobre direitos fundamentais e igualdade de oportunidades. O grupo inter-serviços da Comissão sobre gender mainstreaming apoiará o grupo de comissários, contribuirá para a preparação do programa de trabalho anual e assegurará a ligação com outros grupos que desenvolvem actividades nesta área[26]
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- θα εξασφαλίσει ότι θα δοθεί πολιτική συνέχεια μέσω των συνεδριάσεων των υπουργών που είναι αρμόδιοι για την ισότητα των φύλων και της ομάδας των Επιτρόπων αρμοδίων για τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα και τις ίσες ευκαιρίες. Η διυπηρεσιακή ομάδα της Επιτροπής για την ενσωμάτωση της διάστασης του φύλου θα υποστηρίξει την ομάδα των Επιτρόπων, θα συμβάλει στην προετοιμασία του ετήσιου προγράμματος εργασίας και συνδεθεί με άλλες ομάδες που εργάζονται για την ισότητα των φύλων[26]
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- prosseguirá o desenvolvimento de indicadores, sempre que tal for necessário[27]; definirá, em 2007, um novo índice composto de igualdade entre homens e mulheres; desenvolverá, até 2010, e em conjunto com os Estados-Membros, novos indicadores para as 12 áreas críticas da Plataforma de Acção de Pequim; apoiará o desenvolvimento de dados comparáveis a nível da UE sobre igualdade entre homens e mulheres e de estatísticas ventiladas por sexo
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- θα αναπτύξει περαιτέρω τους δείκτες όπου είναι απαραίτητο[27]· θα ορίσει έναν νέο σύνθετο δείκτη για την ισότητα των φύλων το 2007· θα αναπτύξει, μέχρι το 2010 και μαζί με τα κράτη μέλη, νέους δείκτες για τους 12 κρίσιμους τομείς του BPfA· θα υποστηρίξει την ανάπτυξη συγκρίσιμων στοιχείων της ΕΕ όσον αφορά την ισότητα των φύλων και στατιστικών που αναλύονται ανά φύλο
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- apresentará, e, 2008, um relatório sobre a situação no tocante à aplicação do roteiro e procederá, em 2010, a uma avaliação do roteiro onde apresentará propostas para um acompanhamento adequado.
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- θα παρουσιάσει μια έκθεση σχετικά με την κατάσταση εφαρμογής του χάρτη πορείας το 2008 και θα διεξαγάγει, το 2010, μια αξιολόγηση του χάρτη πορείας όπου θα προτείνει την κατάλληλη συνέχεια.
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ANNEX I: Indicators for monitoring progress on the Roadmap
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The non-exhaustive list below presents indicators that will be used to monitor progress towards gender equality in the policy areas identified in the Roadmap. They have been selected for their relevance to describe the situation of gender equality in the different areas, also taking into account the availability of EU-comparable data.
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ANNEX I: Indicators for monitoring progress on the Roadmap
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The majority of these indicators exist already and are used to monitor progress in EU processes, in particular in the Strategy for growth and jobs. They are also used in the annual Report on equality between women and men that the Commission presents to the Spring European Summit.
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The non-exhaustive list below presents indicators that will be used to monitor progress towards gender equality in the policy areas identified in the Roadmap. They have been selected for their relevance to describe the situation of gender equality in the different areas, also taking into account the availability of EU-comparable data.
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In some areas, work is in progress either to develop indicators or to develop comparable data at EU level. This work is being done in cooperation with Member States and Eurostat.
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The majority of these indicators exist already and are used to monitor progress in EU processes, in particular in the Strategy for growth and jobs. They are also used in the annual Report on equality between women and men that the Commission presents to the Spring European Summit.
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Moreover, Member States, in cooperation with the Commission, have developed indicators for the follow-up of the 12 critical areas of concern of the Beijing Platform for Action. In 2005, the 10 th anniversary of the Platform, Member States committed themselves to continue to develop indicators in the missing areas.
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In some areas, work is in progress either to develop indicators or to develop comparable data at EU level. This work is being done in cooperation with Member States and Eurostat.
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The 12 critical areas of concern of the Beijing Platform for Action are: Women and Poverty; Education and Training of Women; Women and Health; Violence against Women; Women and Armed Conflict; Women and the Economy; Women in Power and Decision Making; Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of Women; Human Rights of Women; Women and the Media; Women and Environment; The Girl Child.
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Moreover, Member States, in cooperation with the Commission, have developed indicators for the follow-up of the 12 critical areas of concern of the Beijing Platform for Action. In 2005, the 10 th anniversary of the Platform, Member States committed themselves to continue to develop indicators in the missing areas.
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1. Achieving equal economic independence for women and men
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The 12 critical areas of concern of the Beijing Platform for Action are: Women and Poverty; Education and Training of Women; Women and Health; Violence against Women; Women and Armed Conflict; Women and the Economy; Women in Power and Decision Making; Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of Women; Human Rights of Women; Women and the Media; Women and Environment; The Girl Child
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1.1 Reaching the Lisbon employment targets and promotion of women's employment
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1. Achieving equal economic independence for women and men
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- Employment rates (women, men and gap) - Eurostat
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1.1 Reaching the Lisbon employment targets and promotion of women's employment
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- Employment rates of older workers 55-64 (women, men and gap) - Eurostat
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- Employment rates (women, men and gap) - Eurostat
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- Unemployment rates (women, men and gap) – Eurostat
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- Employment rates of older workers 55-64 (women, men and gap) - Eurostat
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1.2 Eliminating the gender pay gap
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- Unemployment rates (women, men and gap) – Eurostat
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- Gender pay gap: Difference between men's and women's average gross hourly earnings as a percentage of men's average gross hourly earnings Eurostat: to be further developed
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1.2 Eliminating the gender pay gap
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(the population consists of all paid employees aged 16-64 that are "at work 15+ hours per week – This is an unadjusted gender pay gap, therefore not adjusted for individual factors/characteristics such as age, education attainment, occupation, years of professional experience, economic sector of employment )
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- Gender pay gap: Difference between men's and women's average gross hourly earnings as a percentage of men's average gross hourly earnings Eurostat: to be further developed
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- Gender pay gap by age and economic sector and level of education (public-private and NACE sectors): to be further developed
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(the population consists of all paid employees aged 16-64 that are "at work 15+ hours per week – This is an unadjusted gender pay gap, therefore not adjusted for individual factors/characteristics such as age, education attainment, occupation, years of professional experience, economic sector of employment )
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- Distribution of employed persons by sex, by sector (NACE) – Eurostat
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- Gender pay gap by age and economic sector and level of education (public-private and NACE sectors): to be further developed
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- Distribution of employed persons by sex, by occupation (ISCO) – Eurostat
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- Distribution of employed persons by sex, by sector (NACE) – Eurostat
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1.3 Women entrepreneurs
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- Distribution of employed persons by sex, by occupation (ISCO) – Eurostat
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- Share of self-employed persons in employed population (women, men) – Eurostat
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1.3 Women entrepreneurs
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To be further developed
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- Share of self-employed persons in employed population (women, men) – Eurostat
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1.4 Gender equality in social protection and the fight against poverty
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To be further developed
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- At-risk-of-poverty rate (men, women, gap) – Eurostat
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1.4 Gender equality in social protection and the fight against poverty
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- At risk of poverty rate among older people - 65 years and over (men, women, gap) - Eurostat
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- At-risk-of-poverty rate (men, women, gap) – Eurostat
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- At risk of poverty rate among single parent with dependent children - Eurostat
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- At risk of poverty rate among older people - 65 years and over (men, women, gap) - Eurostat
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- Pensions : to be further developed
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- At risk of poverty rate among single parent with dependent children - Eurostat
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1.5 Recognising the gender dimension in health care
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- Pensions : to be further developed
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- Healthy life years at birth (men, women, gap) – Eurostat
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1.5 Recognising the gender dimension in health care
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To be further developed
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- Healthy life years at birth (men, women, gap) – Eurostat
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1.6 Combating multiple discrimination, in particular against immigrant women and ethnic minority women
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To be further developed
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- Employment rates of non-EU nationals (women, men, gap) – Eurostat
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1.6 Combating multiple discrimination, in particular against immigrant women and ethnic minority women
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- Pay gap by gender and nationality (EU or non-EU nationals): to be further developed
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- Employment rates of non-EU nationals (women, men, gap) – Eurostat
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2. Enhancing reconciliation of work, private and family Life
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- Pay gap by gender and nationality (EU or non-EU nationals): to be further developed
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2.1 Flexible working arrangements for both women and men
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2. Enhancing reconciliation of work, private and family Life
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- Average hours worked per week by women and men (aged 20-49) with or without children (aged 0-6) – Eurostat
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2.1 Flexible working arrangements for both women and men
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- Employment rates and amount of time (full-time or part-time) worked per week for women and men (aged 20-49), depending on whether they have children under 12 – Eurostat Time-use of women and men : to be further developed
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- Average hours worked per week by women and men (aged 20-49) with or without children (aged 0-6) – Eurostat
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- Share of part-time among employed (women, men and gap) - Eurostat
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- Employment rates and amount of time (full-time or part-time) worked per week for women and men (aged 20-49), depending on whether they have children under 12 – Eurostat Time-use of women and men : to be further developed
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2.2 Increasing care services
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- Share of part-time among employed (women, men and gap) - Eurostat
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- Percentage of children covered by childcare (for children between 3 years old and the mandatory school age and for children under 3 years of age) - Eurostat
|
2.2 Increasing care services
|
|
- Share of employees working on a part-time basis because of care of children or other dependents - Eurostat
|
- Percentage of children covered by childcare (for children between 3 years old and the mandatory school age and for children under 3 years of age) - Eurostat
|
|
- Inactive persons willing to work, not searching due to personal or family responsibilities - Eurostat
|
- Share of employees working on a part-time basis because of care of children or other dependents - Eurostat
|
|
- Care of elderly persons: to be further developed
|
- Inactive persons willing to work, not searching due to personal or family responsibilities - Eurostat
|
|
- Accessibility, affordability of services, school opening hours and appropriate public transport: to be further developed
|
- Care of elderly persons: to be further developed
|
|
2.3 Better reconciliation policies for men
|
- Accessibility, affordability of services, school opening hours and appropriate public transport: to be further developed
|
|
- Parental leave : to be further developed
|
2.3 Better reconciliation policies for men
|
|
3. Promoting equal participation of women and men in decision-making
|
- Parental leave : to be further developed
|
|
3.1 Women's participation in politics
|
3. Promoting equal participation of women and men in decision-making
|
|
- Share of women in European institutions (European commission, European Parliament, Agencies of the European Community, Committee of the Regions, Council of the European Union, European Court of Justice, European Court of First Instance, European Court of Auditors, European Ombudsman) – European Commission: Database on women and men in decision-making
|
3.1 Women's participation in politics
|
|
- Share of women in national institutions (national parliaments, central administrations –by BEIS type, supreme audit organisations, supreme courts, supreme administrative courts, constitutional courts, general prosecutor) – European Commission: Database on women and men in decision-making
|
- Share of women in European institutions (European commission, European Parliament, Agencies of the European Community, Committee of the Regions, Council of the European Union, European Court of Justice, European Court of First Instance, European Court of Auditors, European Ombudsman) – European Commission: Database on women and men in decision-making
|
|
3.2 Women in economic decision-making
|
- Share of women in national institutions (national parliaments, central administrations –by BEIS type, supreme audit organisations, supreme courts, supreme administrative courts, constitutional courts, general prosecutor) – European Commission: Database on women and men in decision-making
|
|
- Share of women in European social and economic institutions (European Central Bank, European Investment Bank, European Investment Fund, European Social Partner Organisations, European non-governmental Organisations – by NGO family- ) – European Commission: Database on women and men in decision-making
|
3.2 Women in economic decision-making
|
|
- Share of women in national economic institutions (daily executive bodies in top 50 publicly quoted companies – by NACE sector-, central banks) – European Commission: Database on women and men in decision-making
|
- Share of women in European social and economic institutions (European Central Bank, European Investment Bank, European Investment Fund, European Social Partner Organisations, European non-governmental Organisations – by NGO family- ) – European Commission: Database on women and men in decision-making
|
|
- Distribution of managers by sex (ISCO 12 and 13) – Eurostat
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- Share of women in national economic institutions (daily executive bodies in top 50 publicly quoted companies – by NACE sector-, central banks) – European Commission: Database on women and men in decision-making
|
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3.3 Women in science and technology
|
- Distribution of managers by sex (ISCO 12 and 13) – Eurostat
|
|
- Women and men along a typical academic career - European Commission: Women in Science
|
3.3 Women in science and technology
|
|
- Distribution of full professors by sex (Grade A) - European Commission: Women in Science
|
- Women and men along a typical academic career - European Commission: Women in Science
|
|
- Share of women in leading positions in public sector research: to be further developed
|
- Distribution of full professors by sex (Grade A) - European Commission: Women in Science
|
|
4. Eradicating gender-based violence and trafficking
|
- Share of women in leading positions in public sector research: to be further developed
|
|
4.1 Eradication of gender-based violence
|
4. Eradicating gender-based violence and trafficking
|
|
- crimes: to be further developed
|
4.1 Eradication of gender-based violence
|
|
- victims: to be further developed
|
- crimes: to be further developed
|
|
4.2 Elimination of trafficking in human beings
|
- victims: to be further developed
|
|
- Data on volume and trends of trafficking in each country: to be further developed
|
4.2 Elimination of trafficking in human beings
|
|
5. Eliminating gender stereotypes in society
|
- Data on volume and trends of trafficking in each country: to be further developed
|
|
5.1 Elimination of gender stereotypes in education, training and culture
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5. Eliminating gender stereotypes in society
|
|
- Distribution of graduates by sex, by field of study – Eurostat
|
5.1 Elimination of gender stereotypes in education, training and culture
|
|
- Educational attainment (at least upper secondary school) of women and men - Eurostat
|
- Distribution of graduates by sex, by field of study – Eurostat
|
|
- Early school leavers in secondary school (women, men) - Eurostat
|
- Educational attainment (at least upper secondary school) of women and men - Eurostat
|
|
- Life-long-learning: Percentage of the population aged 25-64 participating in education and training over the four weeks prior to the survey (women, men) - Eurostat
|
- Early school leavers in secondary school (women, men) - Eurostat
|
|
- stereotypes in culture : to be further developed
|
- Life-long-learning: Percentage of the population aged 25-64 participating in education and training over the four weeks prior to the survey (women, men) - Eurostat
|
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5.2 Elimination of gender stereotypes in the labour market
|
- stereotypes in culture : to be further developed
|
|
- Distribution of jobs by sex, by sector (NACE) – Eurostat
|
5.2 Elimination of gender stereotypes in the labour market
|
|
- Distribution of jobs by sex, by profession (ISCO) - Eurostat
|
- Distribution of jobs by sex, by sector (NACE) – Eurostat
|
|
5.3 Elimination of gender stereotypes in the media
|
- Distribution of jobs by sex, by profession (ISCO) - Eurostat
|
|
To be further developed
|
5.3 Elimination of gender stereotypes in the media
|
|
6. Promotion of gender equality outside the EU
|
To be further developed
|
|
6.2 Promotion of gender equality in external and development policies
|
6. Promotion of gender equality outside the EU
|
|
- Follow-up of MDG : to be further developed
|
6.2 Promotion of gender equality in external and development policies
|
|
- BpfA : to be further developed
|
- Follow-up of MDG : to be further developed
|
|
ANNEX II: Existing structures at Commission level to promote gender equality
|
- BpfA : to be further developed
|
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The Group of Commissioners on Fundamental Rights, Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunities was created on the initiative of the President of the Commission, Mr Barroso, in 2005. It succeeds to the Group of Commissioners on equal opportunities which was active since 1996. Its mandate is to drive policy and ensure the coherence of Commission action in the areas of fundamental rights, anti-discrimination, equal opportunities and the social integration of minority groups, and to ensure that gender equality is taken into account in Community policies and actions, in accordance with Article 3§2 of the Treaty. The group is chaired by the President of the Commission. Other members of the group are Commissioners for Justice, Freedom and Security; for Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy; for Administration, Audit and Anti-fraud; for Information Society and Media; for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism; for Enlargement; for Development and Humanitarian Aid; for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy; for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. It meets 3-4 times per year and it holds an extraordinary meeting with a focus on gender equality, normally on the 8th of March, on the occasion of the International women's Day. This extraordinary meeting is enlarged to external participants, such as members of the EU Parliament, the Economic and social committee, the Committee of the regions, the Presidency of the EU and representatives of women's organisations.
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ANNEX II: Existing structures at Commission level to promote gender equality
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The Inter-service Group on gender equality was created in 1996. It brings together representatives of all Commission services responsible for gender equality in all Directorates Generals. It is chaired by DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities who convenes regular meeting. Its main task is to develop a gender mainstreaming approach in all EC policies and programmes and to contribute to and co-ordinate activities in the framework of the annual work programme on gender equality prepared by the Commission services.
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The Group of Commissioners on Fundamental Rights, Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunities was created on the initiative of the President of the Commission, Mr Barroso, in 2005. It succeeds to the Group of Commissioners on equal opportunities which was active since 1996. Its mandate is to drive policy and ensure the coherence of Commission action in the areas of fundamental rights, anti-discrimination, equal opportunities and the social integration of minority groups, and to ensure that gender equality is taken into account in Community policies and actions, in accordance with Article 3§2 of the Treaty. The group is chaired by the President of the Commission. Other members of the group are Commissioners for Justice, Freedom and Security; for Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy; for Administration, Audit and Anti-fraud; for Information Society and Media; for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism; for Enlargement; for Development and Humanitarian Aid; for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy; for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. It meets 3-4 times per year and it holds an extraordinary meeting with a focus on gender equality, normally on the 8th of March, on the occasion of the International women's Day. This extraordinary meeting is enlarged to external participants, such as members of the EU Parliament, the Economic and social committee, the Committee of the regions, the Presidency of the EU and representatives of women's organisations
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The Advisory Committee on equal opportunities for women and men was created in 1981 by a Commission Decision then amended in 1995. (Commission Decision of 19 July 1995 amending Decision 82/43/EEC of 9 December 1981).
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The Inter-service Group on gender equality was created in 1996. It brings together representatives of all Commission services responsible for gender equality in all Directorates Generals. It is chaired by DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities who convenes regular meeting. Its main task is to develop a gender mainstreaming approach in all EC policies and programmes and to contribute to and co-ordinate activities in the framework of the annual work programme on gender equality prepared by the Commission services
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The Committee assists the Commission in formulating and implementing the Community's activities aimed at promoting equal opportunities for women and men, and fosters ongoing exchanges of relevant experience, policies and practices between the Member States and the various parties involved. It is formed by one representative per Member State from ministries or government departments responsible for promoting equal opportunities; one representative per Member State from national committees or bodies having specific responsibility for equal opportunities between women and men; five members representing employers' organizations at Community level; five members representing workers' organizations at Community level. Two representatives of the European Women's Lobby shall attend meetings of the Committee as observers. Representatives of international and professional organizations and other associations making duly substantiated requests to the Commission may be given observer status. The Committee meets normally twice per year.
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The Advisory Committee on equal opportunities for women and men was created in 1981 by a Commission Decision then amended in 1995. (Commission Decision of 19 July 1995 amending Decision 82/43/EEC of 9 December 1981)
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The High Level Group on gender mainstreaming is an informal group created in 2001 following a commitment made by the Commission in its 5th Framework strategy on gender equality (COM(2000) 335 final) and the political support of EU gender equality ministers. This is an informal group made by high level representatives responsible for gender mainstreaming at national level. It is chaired by the Commission who convenes regular meetings twice per year, in close collaboration with the Presidency. Among its main tasks, the Group support presidencies in identifying policy areas and topics relevant to address during presidencies in order to achieve gender equality. The Group is also the main forum for planning the strategic follow-up of the Beijing Platform for action, including the development of indicators. Since 2003 the Group also assists the Commission in the preparation of the Report on Equality between women and men to the European Council.
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The Committee assists the Commission in formulating and implementing the Community's activities aimed at promoting equal opportunities for women and men, and fosters ongoing exchanges of relevant experience, policies and practices between the Member States and the various parties involved. It is formed by one representative per Member State from ministries or government departments responsible for promoting equal opportunities; one representative per Member State from national committees or bodies having specific responsibility for equal opportunities between women and men; five members representing employers' organizations at Community level; five members representing workers' organizations at Community level. Two representatives of the European Women's Lobby shall attend meetings of the Committee as observers. Representatives of international and professional organizations and other associations making duly substantiated requests to the Commission may be given observer status. The Committee meets normally twice per year.
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The High Level Group on gender mainstreaming in the Structural Funds is an informal group created in 2004 made by high level representatives responsible for Structural Funds at national level in the Member States. Candidate countries are given the status of observers. It is chaired by the Commission who convenes at least one meeting per year. The mandate of this group expires end of 2006 but Commission and Member States can decide to continue its works after this date. The HLG acts as a network to give input on gender mainstreaming to the authorities managing Structural Funds implementation. It is also a forum to exchange best practice and experience of implementing gender mainstreaming in the structural funds at national level. It can also provide input into the discussion on the future of the structural funds.
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The High Level Group on gender mainstreaming is an informal group created in 2001 following a commitment made by the Commission in its 5th Framework strategy on gender equality (COM(2000) 335 final) and the political support of EU gender equality ministers. This is an informal group made by high level representatives responsible for gender mainstreaming at national level. It is chaired by the Commission who convenes regular meetings twice per year, in close collaboration with the Presidency. Among its main tasks, the Group support presidencies in identifying policy areas and topics relevant to address during presidencies in order to achieve gender equality. The Group is also the main forum for planning the strategic follow-up of the Beijing Platform for action, including the development of indicators. Since 2003 the Group also assists the Commission in the preparation of the Report on Equality between women and men to the European Council.
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The Advisory Committee on women and rural areas was created in 1998. It is made by representatives of socio-economic organisations (agricultural producers, trade, consumers, the European Women Lobby and workers). The Commission convenes meetings once or twice per year. Its aim is to provide for exchange of views and advice between the European Commission and the European socio-economic sectors on the rural development policy and specifically on its gender aspects.
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The High Level Group on gender mainstreaming in the Structural Funds is an informal group created in 2004 made by high level representatives responsible for Structural Funds at national level in the Member States. Candidate countries are given the status of observers. It is chaired by the Commission who convenes at least one meeting per year. The mandate of this group expires end of 2006 but Commission and Member States can decide to continue its works after this date. The HLG acts as a network to give input on gender mainstreaming to the authorities managing Structural Funds implementation. It is also a forum to exchange best practice and experience of implementing gender mainstreaming in the structural funds at national level. It can also provide input into the discussion on the future of the structural funds.
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The informal Group of Experts on Gender Equality in development cooperation met for the first time in 1999. It is formed by Member States' gender experts and chaired by the Commission that convenes meetings annually. Its aim is to discuss policy developments in relation to gender and development in the context of EU and international major events.
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The Advisory Committee on women and rural areas was created in 1998. It is made by representatives of socio-economic organisations (agricultural producers, trade, consumers, the European Women Lobby and workers). The Commission convenes meetings once or twice per year. Its aim is to provide for exchange of views and advice between the European Commission and the European socio-economic sectors on the rural development policy and specifically on its gender aspects.
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The Helsinki Group on Women and Science The Helsinki Group on Women and Science was established in 1999. It consists of national representatives from all the EU Member States, Bulgaria, Romania, Iceland, Israel, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey.
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The informal Group of Experts on Gender Equality in development cooperation met for the first time in 1999. It is formed by Member States' gender experts and chaired by the Commission that convenes meetings annually. Its aim is to discuss policy developments in relation to gender and development in the context of EU and international major events.
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The Group aims to promote the participation and equality of women in the sciences on a Europe-wide basis. It provides an important forum for dialogue about national policies. Recognising the value of networking and mutual support among women scientists, the group also helps explore the ways in which the potential, skills and expertise of women could best be secured, and for sharing and comparing experiences.
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The Helsinki Group on Women and Science The Helsinki Group on Women and Science was established in 1999. It consists of national representatives from all the EU Member States, Bulgaria, Romania, Iceland, Israel, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey.
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The Helsinki Group also helps the Commission build a clear picture of the situation on the ground at the national level. It has, in particular, appointed national statistical correspondents to help the Commission gather and compile sex-disaggregated statistics and build gender-sensitive indicators.
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The Group aims to promote the participation and equality of women in the sciences on a Europe-wide basis. It provides an important forum for dialogue about national policies. Recognising the value of networking and mutual support among women scientists, the group also helps explore the ways in which the potential, skills and expertise of women could best be secured, and for sharing and comparing experiences.
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The European Network to Promote Women's Entrepreneurship (WES) (see: http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/entrepreneurship/craft/craft-women/wes.htm) was created in 2000. It is composed of representatives from the national governments and institutions responsible for the promotion of female entrepreneurship in 27 countries from the EU, EEA and candidate countries . The Commission convenes meetings with WES twice a year which are aimed at exchanging information and good practices in the promotion of female entrepreneurship. Some members of the network have also participated in common European projects.
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The Helsinki Group also helps the Commission build a clear picture of the situation on the ground at the national level. It has, in particular, appointed national statistical correspondents to help the Commission gather and compile sex-disaggregated statistics and build gender-sensitive indicators.
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The Expert Group on Trafficking in Human Beings is a consultative group that has been set up in 2003 and consists of 20 persons appointed as independent experts. The Commission pay consults the experts group on any matter relating to trafficking in human beings. The Experts Groups shall issue opinions or reports to the Commission at the latter's request or on its own initiative, taking into due consideration the recommendations set out in the Brussels Declaration.
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The European Network to Promote Women's Entrepreneurship (WES) (see: http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/entrepreneurship/craft/craft-women/wes.htm) was created in 2000. It is composed of representatives from the national governments and institutions responsible for the promotion of female entrepreneurship in 27 countries from the EU, EEA and candidate countries . The Commission convenes meetings with WES twice a year which are aimed at exchanging information and good practices in the promotion of female entrepreneurship. Some members of the network have also participated in common European projects.
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The informal Network of gender focal points is formed by representatives of Directorates General of the Commission dealing with external relations and development cooperation as well as representatives of EC delegations.
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The Expert Group on Trafficking in Human Beings is a consultative group that has been set up in 2003 and consists of 20 persons appointed as independent experts. The Commission pay consults the experts group on any matter relating to trafficking in human beings. The Experts Groups shall issue opinions or reports to the Commission at the latter's request or on its own initiative, taking into due consideration the recommendations set out in the Brussels Declaration.
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The Network of focal points on equal opportunities was set up in 2004 and is formed by representatives of all Directorates General of the Commission in charge of human resources. It aims at ensuring a proper implementation of the Fourth Action Programme for Equal Opportunities for Women and Men at the European Commission, therefore contributing to the respect of gender equality in the human resources policy of the Commission.
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The informal Network of gender focal points is formed by representatives of Directorates General of the Commission dealing with external relations and development cooperation as well as representatives of EC delegations
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ANNEX III: Equal Opportunities policy between men and women at the European Commission
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The Network of focal points on equal opportunities was set up in 2004 and is formed by representatives of all Directorates General of the Commission in charge of human resources. It aims at ensuring a proper implementation of the Fourth Action Programme for Equal Opportunities for Women and Men at the European Commission, therefore contributing to the respect of gender equality in the human resources policy of the Commission.
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Achievements, challenges and existing obstacles to incorporating equality between men and women into the human resource management policies of the Commission
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ANNEX III: Equal Opportunities policy between men and women at the European Commission
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The policy of equal opportunities between female and male staff has been in place in the Commission since 1988. The Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Communities have, since 1 May 2004, prohibited discrimination on the basis of the sex, as well as for other reasons, and specifically provide for measures and actions to promote equal opportunities between men and women (Article 1d). This legal framework makes it possible to take actions to incorporate gender equality into various aspects of the management of human resources.
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Achievements, challenges and existing obstacles to incorporating equality between men and women into the human resource management policies of the Commission
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Since 1995, the Commission had been setting annual objectives for the recruitment and appointment of women to the Category A posts, with the objective of reaching parity in the long term. The objectives laid down for 2005 were 20% for senior management, 30% for middle management and 50% for non-management administrator posts.
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The policy of equal opportunities between female and male staff has been in place in the Commission since 1988. The Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Communities have, since 1 May 2004, prohibited discrimination on the basis of the sex, as well as for other reasons, and specifically provide for measures and actions to promote equal opportunities between men and women (Article 1d). This legal framework makes it possible to take actions to incorporate gender equality into various aspects of the management of human resources.
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In addition, the 4th Action Programme for Equal Opportunities between women and men in the European Commission was adopted on 28th April 2004 (SEC (2004) 447/5). It covers the period 2004-2008 and schedules, in particular, measures aimed at improving the male/female balance among the staff, awareness-raising campaigns and measures to improve the reconciliation of professional/private life. The implementation of this Programme was mainly decentralised to the Directorates-General but was also the subject of a follow-up and a political guidance by the Directorate-General for Personnel and Administration.
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Since 1995, the Commission had been setting annual objectives for the recruitment and appointment of women to the Category A posts, with the objective of reaching parity in the long term. The objectives laid down for 2005 were 20% for senior management, 30% for middle management and 50% for non-management administrator posts.
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The first implementation report, relating to 2004, was adopted by the Commission on 23rd November 2005 (SEC (2005) 1492/3). Among other things, it showed that - despite the clear improvements achieved during the last ten years - women continued to be under-represented in 2004 in the category of the Administrators (31.8%), and particularly in middle management (18, 3%) and senior management (12.8%) and that the recruitment targets were not achieved. However, the concrete measures included in the 4th Action Programme have started to bear fruit, as the next implementation report for 2005 will show (presentation envisaged in September 2006).
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In addition, the 4th Action Programme for Equal Opportunities between women and men in the European Commission was adopted on 28th April 2004 (SEC (2004) 447/5). It covers the period 2004-2008 and schedules, in particular, measures aimed at improving the male/female balance among the staff, awareness-raising campaigns and measures to improve the reconciliation of professional/private life. The implementation of this Programme was mainly decentralised to the Directorates-General but was also the subject of a follow-up and a political guidance by the Directorate-General for Personnel and Administration
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Principal policy initiatives and deadlines for the period concerned (2007 – 2010)
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The first implementation report, relating to 2004, was adopted by the Commission on 23rd November 2005 (SEC (2005) 1492/3). Among other things, it showed that - despite the clear improvements achieved during the last ten years - women continued to be under-represented in 2004 in the category of the Administrators (31.8%), and particularly in middle management (18, 3%) and senior management (12.8%) and that the recruitment targets were not achieved. However, the concrete measures included in the 4th Action Programme have started to bear fruit, as the next implementation report for 2005 will show (presentation envisaged in September 2006).
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- Adoption of the Annual Implementation Reports of the 4th Action Programme and development of monitoring and evaluation indicators in this context (2005 to 2008);
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Principal policy initiatives and deadlines for the period concerned (2007 – 2010)
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- External evaluation of the 4th Action Programme in 2008 and formulation of recommendations for the future;
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- Adoption of the Annual Implementation Reports of the 4th Action Programme and development of monitoring and evaluation indicators in this context (2005 to 2008);
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- Adoption of a 5th Action Programme for the period 2009 – 2013;
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- External evaluation of the 4th Action Programme in 2008 and formulation of recommendations for the future;
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- Adoption of annual targets for the recruitment and appointment of women to management posts and other posts at A*/AD level in the Commission;
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- Adoption of a 5th Action Programme for the period 2009 – 2013;
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- Continuation and improvement of awareness-raising campaigns and training, in particular within the framework of management training.
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- Adoption of annual targets for the recruitment and appointment of women to management posts and other posts at A*/AD level in the Commission;
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[1] COM(2000) 335.
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- Continuation and improvement of awareness-raising campaigns and training, in particular within the framework of management training.
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[2] Diferença não corrigida.
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[3] COM(2005) 706.
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[1] COM(2000) 335.
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[4] Ver Orientações estratégicas comunitárias em matéria de política de coesão, COM(2005) 299.
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[2] Μη διοθρωμένη διαφορά.
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[5] COM(2005) 389.
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[3] COM(2005) 706.
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[6] COM(2005) 669.
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[4] Πρβλ. Στρατηγικές κατευθυντήριες γραμμές της Κοινότητας για την πολιτική της συνοχής, COM(2005) 299.
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[7] Directiva 2004/113/CE.
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[5] COM(2005) 389.
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[8] Até 2010, facultar, em todos os Estados-Membros, o acolhimento de pelo menos 90 % das crianças entre os três anos e a idade de entrada obrigatória na escola e de pelo menos 33 % das crianças com menos de três anos.
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[6] COM(2005) 669.
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[9] Seguimento do documento COM(2005) 94.
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[7] Οδηγία 2004/113/ΕΚ.
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[10] Conclusões do Conselho 18.4.2005.
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[8] Μέχρι το 2010 ο στόχος είναι η φροντίδα παιδιών να παρέχεται τουλάχιστον για το 90 % των παιδιών ηλικίας μεταξύ 3 ετών και της ηλικίας έναρξης της υποχρεωτικής εκπαίδευσης και τουλάχιστον για το 33 % των παιδιών ηλικίας κάτω των 3 ετών.
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[11] COM(2005) 514.
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[9] Συνέχεια του COM(2005) 94.
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[12] JO C 311 de 9.12.2005, p.1.
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[10] Συμπεράσματα του Συμβουλίου 18.4.2005.
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[13] Directiva 2004/81/CE.
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[11] COM(2005) 514.
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[14] COM(2005) 494.
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[12] ΕΕ C 311 της 9.12.2005, σελ. 1.
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[15] Albânia, Bósnia e Herzegovina, Sérvia e Montenegro, incluindo o Kosovo. Ver igualmente COM(2005) 561.
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[13] Οδηγία 2004/81/ΕΚ.
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[16] Conselho de 22.11.2005.
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[14] COM(2005) 494.
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[17] COM(2005) 489.
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[15] Αλβανία, Βοσνία-Ερζεγοβίνη, Σερβία και Μαυροβούνιο και Κοσσυφοπέδιο. Πρβλ. επίσης COM(2005) 561.
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[18] Anexo III.
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[16] Συμβούλιο της 22.11.2005.
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[19] Anexo II.
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[17] COM(2005) 489.
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[20] COM(2005) 81.
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[18] Παράρτημα III.
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[21] Decisão 2000/407/CE da Comissão.
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[19] Παράρτημα II.
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[22] SEC(2005) 791.
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[20] COM(2005) 81.
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[23] COM(2004) 279.
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[21] Απόφαση 2000/407/ΕΚ.
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[24] http://europa.eu.in/tyoureurope/nav/fr/citizens/home.html
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[22] SEC(2005) 791.
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[25] http://europa.eu.int/citizensrights/signpost/front_end/index_fr.htm
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[23] COM(2004) 279.
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[26] Anexo II.
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[24] http://europa.eu.int/youreurope/nav/fr/citizens/home.html
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[27] Anexo I.
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[25] http://europa.eu.int/citizensrights/signpost/front_end/signpost_en.htm
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[26] Παράρτημα II.
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[27] Παράρτημα I.
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