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[pic] | IL-KUMMISSJONI EWROPEA |
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[pic] | EUROPEAN COMMISSION |
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Brussel 5.4.2011
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Brussels, 5.4.2011
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KUMM(2011) 173 finali
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COM(2011) 173 final
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KOMUNIKAZZJONI MILL-KUMMISSJONI LILL-PARLAMENT EWROPEW, LILL-KUNSILL, LILL-KUMITAT SOĊJALI U EKONOMIKU EWROPEW U LILL-KUMITAT TAR-REĠJUNI
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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
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Qafas tal-UE għall-Istrateġiji Nazzjona li għall-Integrazzjoni tar-Roma fl-2020
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An EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020
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1. It- TITJIB TAS-SITWAZZJONI TAR-ROMA: IMPERATTIV SOċJALI U EKONOMIKU GħALL-UNJONI U L-ISTATI MEMBRI TAGħHA
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1. IMPROVING THE SITUATION OF ROMA: A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE FOR THE UNION AND ITS MEMBER STATES
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Bosta mill-għadd stmat ta’ 10 sa 12-il miljun Roma[1] fl-Ewropa jiffaċċjaw preġudizzji, intolleranza, diskriminazzjoni u esklużjoni soċjali fil-ħajja tagħhom ta’ kuljum. Huma nies emarġinati u jgħixu f’kundizzjonijiet soċjo-ekonomiċi foqra ħafna. Dan mhux aċċettabbli fl-Unjoni Ewropea (UE) fil-bidu tas-seklu 21.
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Many of the estimated 10-12 million[1] Roma in Europe face prejudice, intolerance, discrimination and social exclusion in their daily lives. They are marginalised and live in very poor socio-economic conditions. This is not acceptable in the European Union (EU) at the beginning of the 21st century.
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L-istrateġija Ewropa 2020 tal-UE għal pjan ġdid ta’ tkabbir – tkabbir intelliġenti, sostenibbli u inklużiv – ma tħallix lok għall-emarġinazzjoni ekonomika u soċjali persistenti tal-ikbar komunità f’minorità fl-Ewropa. Jeħtieġ li tittieħed azzjoni determinata, bi djalogu attiv mar-Roma, kemm fuq il-livell nazzjonali kif ukoll fuq il-livell tal-UE. Filwaqt li l-awtoritajiet pubbliċi għandhom ir-responsabilità primarja għal dik l-azzjoni, xorta tibqa’ sfida peress li l-integrazzjoni soċjali u ekonomika tar-Roma hija proċess li jieħu żewġ direzzjonijiet u li jeħtieġ bidla fil-mentalità tal-maġġoranza tan-nies, kif ukoll tal-membri tal-komunitajiet Roma[2].
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The EU's Europe 2020 strategy for a new growth path – smart, sustainable and inclusive growth – leaves no room for the persistent economic and social marginalisation of what constitutes Europe's largest minority. Determined action, in active dialogue with the Roma, is needed both at national and EU level. While primary responsibility for that action rests with public authorities, it remains a challenge given that the social and economic integration of Roma is a two-way process which requires a change of mindsets of the majority of the people as well as of members of the Roma communities[2].
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L-ewwel u qabel kollox jeħtieġ li l-Istati Membri jiżguraw li r-Roma ma jiġux diskriminati imma jiġu ttrattati daqs kwalunkwe ċittadin ieħor tal-UE u jingħataw aċċess indaqs għad-drittijiet fundamentali stipulati fil-Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-UE. Barra minn hekk, jeħtieġ li tittieħed azzjoni biex jitwaqqaf il-moviment taċ-ċiklu vizzjuż tal-faqar minn ġenerazzjoni għal oħra. F’ħafna Stati Membri r-Roma jirrappreżentaw proporzjon sinifikanti u li dejjem qed jikber ta’ popolazzjoni ta' tfal tal-iskola u li għalhekk huma l-ħaddiema futuri. Il-popolazzjoni tar-Roma hija popolazzjoni żagħżugħa: 35.7% għandhom inqas minn 15-il sena meta mqabbel ma' 15.7% tal-popolazzjoni globali tal-UE. L-età medja tar-Roma hija 25, mqabbla mal-età medja ta' 40 madwar l-UE[3]. Il-biċċa l-kbira tal-popolazzjoni Roma li għandha l-età biex taħdem m’għandhiex l-edukazzjoni meħtieġa għal xogħlijiet tajbin. Għaldaqstant huwa ta' importanza kruċjali li jsir investiment fl-edukazzjoni tat-tfal Roma sabiex iktar 'il quddiem ikollhom l-opportunità li jidħlu b’suċċess fis-suq tax-xogħol. Dan diġà għandu impatt ekonomiku fi Stati Membri li għandhom popolazzjoni Roma sinifikanti. Skont l-istimi, fil-Bulgarija, madwar 23% tal-ħaddiema li jidħlu fis-suq tax-xogħol għall-ewwel darba huma Roma, filwaqt li fir-Rumanija huma madwar 21%[4].
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First of all, Member States need to ensure that Roma are not discriminated against but treated like any other EU citizens with equal access to all fundamental rights as enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In addition, action is needed to break the vicious cycle of poverty moving from one generation to the next. In many Member States, Roma represent a significant and growing proportion of the school age population and therefore the future workforce. The Roma population is young: 35.7% are under 15 compared to 15.7% of the EU population overall. The average age is 25 among Roma, compared with 40 across the EU[3]. The vast majority of working-age Roma lack the education needed to find good jobs. It is therefore of crucial importance to invest in the education of Roma children to allow them later on to successfully enter the labour market. In Member States with significant Roma populations, this already has an economic impact. According to estimates, in Bulgaria, about 23% of new labour entrants are Roma, in Romania, about 21%[4].
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Għadd sinifikanti ta’ Roma li jgħixu fl-UE huma ċittadini ta’ pajjiżi terzi li jirrisjedu b’mod legali. Huma jikkondividu l-istess kundizzjonijiet ta’ ħajja ħarxa bħal ħafna Roma li għandhom iċ-ċittadinanza tal-UE, filwaqt li jiffaċċjaw ukoll l-isfidi li jirriżultaw b'konsegwenza tal-immigrati li jiġu minn barra l-UE. Dawn l-isfidi qed jiġu indirizzati f'kuntest ta' politka tal-UE biex tiġi stimulata l-integrazzjoni ta' ċittadini ta' pajjiżi terzi, filwaqt li jitqiesu l-ħtiġijiet tal-gruppi partikolarment vulnerabbli[5].
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A significant number of Roma living in the EU are legally residing third-country nationals. They share the same severe living conditions as many Roma holding EU citizenship, whilst facing also challenges of migrants coming from outside the EU. These challenges are addressed in the context of EU policies to stimulate integration of third-country nationals, while taking into account the needs of especially vulnerable groups[5].
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L-integrazzjoni tal-poplu Roma mhux biss se ġġib magħha benefiċċji soċjali, imma se tkun ta’ benefiċċju ekonomiku kemm għall-poplu Roma kif ukoll għall-komunitajiet li tagħhom huma jagħmlu parti. Pereżempju, skont riċerka reċenti magħmula mill-Bank Dinji[6], l-integrazzjoni kompleta tar-Roma fis-suq tax-xogħol tista’ tirriżulta f'benefiċċji ekonomiċi stmati għal mill-inqas EUR 0.5 biljun fis-sena għal xi pajjiżi. B’iktar parteċipazzjoni tar-Roma fis-suq tax-xogħol se titjieb il-produttività ekonomika, jitnaqqsu l-ħlasijiet mill-gvern għall-għajnuna soċjali u jiżdied id-dħul mit-taxxi. Skont l-istudju tal-Bank Dinji msemmi hawn fuq, il-benefiċċji fiskali tal-integrazzjoni tar-Roma fis-suq tax-xogħol huma stmati għal mill-inqas EUR 175 miljun fis-sena, għal kull pajjiż. Dawn il-konsegwenzi kollha, ekonomiċi u finanzjarji, importanti li jirriżultaw mill-integrazzjoni tar-Roma jistgħu jrawmu klima iktar miftuħa għall-poplu Roma mal-pubbliku ġenerali u għaldaqstant jikkontribwixxu biex ikun hemm integrazzjoni mingħajr diffikultajiet fil-komunitajiet li tagħhom jagħmlu parti.
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Integrating the Roma people will not only bring social benefits, but will also economically benefit both Roma people as well as the communities they are part of. According to a recent research by the World Bank[6], for instance, full Roma integration in the labour market could bring economic benefits estimated to be around € 0.5 billion annually for some countries. Greater participation of Roma in the labour market would improve economic productivity, reduce government payments for social assistance and increase revenue from income taxes. According to the same World Bank study, the tax benefits of Roma integration in the labour market are estimated to be around € 175 million annually per country. All of these important economic and financial consequences of Roma integration could in turn foster a climate of greater openness to the Roma people with the general public and thereby contribute to their smooth integration in the communities of which they are part of.
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L-integrazzjoni ekonomika tar-Roma għandha tikkontribwixxi wkoll fil-koeżjoni soċjali u ttejjeb ir-rispett għad-drittijiet fundamentali, inklużi d-drittijiet ta’ persuni li jagħmlu parti minn minorità u tgħin fil-qerda tad-diskriminazzjoni fuq il-bażi tar-razza, tal-kulur, tal-orġini etnika jew soċjali ta’ persuna jew għax tkun tagħmel parti minn minorità[7].
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Economic integration of the Roma will also contribute to social cohesion and improve respect for fundamental rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities, and help eliminating discrimination based on someone’s race, colour, ethnic, social origin or membership of a minority[7].
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L-UE għamlet diversi proposti lill-Istati Membri biex jippRomawovu l-integrazzjoni soċjali u ekonomika tar-Roma, reċentement permezz tal-Komunikazzjoni tagħha ta' April 2010[8]. L-Istati Membri diġà għandhom l-obbligu li jagħtu lir-Roma (l-istess bħaċ-ċittadini l-oħra tal-UE) aċċess bla diskriminazzjoni għall-edukazzjoni, għall-impjiegi, għat-taħriġ vokazzjonali, għall-kura tas-saħħa, għall-protezzjoni soċjali u għad-djar permezz tad-Direttiva 2000/43/KE. Il-monitoraġġ strett tal-implimentazzjoni ta' din id-Direttiva jista' jkun strument utli biex titkejjel l-integrazzjoni tar-Roma[9].
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The EU has made several proposals for Member States to promote the social and economic integration of Roma, most recently in its Communication of April 2010[8]. Member States are already under an obligation to give Roma (like other EU citizens) non-discriminatory access to education, employment, vocational training, healthcare, social protection and housing through Directive 2000/43/EC. The rigorous monitoring of the implementation of this Directive can be a useful instrument for measuring the integration of Roma[9].
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Minkejja li fis-snin li għaddew sar xi progress kemm fl-Istati Membri kif ukoll fuq il-livell tal-UE[10], ftit li xejn kien hemm tibdil fis-sitwazzjoni ta’ kuljum ta’ ħafna mir-Roma. Skont il-konklużjonijiet tar-Roma Task Force[11], għad mhemmx miżuri b'saħħithom u proporzjonati biex jiġu ffaċċjati l-problemi soċjali u ekonomiċi tal-biċċa l-kbira tal-popolazzjoni Roma tal-UE.
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In spite of some progress achieved both in the Member States and at EU level[10] over the past years, little has changed in the day-to-day situation of most of the Roma. According to the Commission's Roma Task Force findings[11], strong and proportionate measures are still not yet in place to tackle the social and economic problems of a large part of the EU's Roma population.
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Sabiex tiġi indirizzata din l-isfida, u peress li n-nuqqas ta’ diskriminazzjoni waħehda mhix biżżejjed biex tiġi miġġielda l-esklużjoni soċjali tar-Roma, il-Kummissjoni qed tistieden lill-Istati Membri biex jappoġġjaw dan il-Qafas tal-UE għall-Istrateġiji Nazzjonali għall-Integrazzjoni tar-Roma. Dan huwa metodu ta' kif tiġi kkumplimentata u msaħħa l-leġiżlazzjoni u l-politika tal-UE fil-qasam tal-ugwaljanza billi jiġu indirizzati l-ħtiġijiet tar-Roma fuq il-livell nazzjonali, reġjonali u lokali, iżda wkoll permezz tad-djalogu mar-Roma u l-parteċipazzjoni tagħhom, fir-rigward tal-aċċess indaqs għall-impjiegi, l-edukazzjoni, id-djar u l-kura tas-saħħa.
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To address this challenge, and since non-discrimination alone is not sufficient to combat the social exclusion of Roma, the Commission asks the EU institutions to endorse this EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies. It is a means to complement and reinforce the EU's equality legislation and policies by addressing, at national, regional and local level, but also through dialogue with and participation of the Roma, the specific needs of Roma regarding equal access to employment, education, housing and healthcare.
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Dan il-Qafas tal-UE jfittex li jagħmel differenza tanġibbli fil-ħajja tal-poplu Roma. Hija t-tweġiba tal-UE għas-sitwazzjoni attwali u ma jiħux post ir-responsabbiltà primarja tal-Istati Membri f’dan ir-rigward. Permezz ta’ dan il-Qafas tal-UE, il-Kummissjoni Ewropea tinkoraġġixxi lill-Istati Membri, dejjem skont il-proporzjon ta’ popolazzjoni Roma li tgħix fit-territorju tagħhom[12] u billi jqisu l-punti ta’ tluq differenti tagħhom, biex jadottaw jew jiżviluppaw ulterjorment, metodu komprensiv għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma u jappoġġjaw l-għanijiet li ġejjin.
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This EU Framework seeks to make a tangible difference to Roma people's lives. It is the EU's response to the current situation and does not replace Member States' primary responsibility in this regard. With this EU Framework, the European Commission encourages Member States, in proportion to the size of the Roma population living in their territories[12] and taking into account their different starting points, to adopt or to develop further a comprehensive approach to Roma integration and endorse the following goals.
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2. Il-Ħtieġa ta’ Metodu FFukat: Qafas tal-UE għall-Istrateġiji Nazzjonali għall-Integrazzjoni tar-Roma
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2. A NEED FOR A TARGETED APPROACH: AN EU FRAMEWORK FOR NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGIES
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Biex isir progress sinifikanti fl-integrazzjoni tar-Roma, issa huwa kruċjali li l-ħidma tiġi intensifikata biex jiġi żgurat li l-politiki nazzjonali, reġjonali u lokali jiffukaw b’mod ċar u speċifiku fuq ir-Roma , u jindirizzaw il-ħtiġijiet tar-Roma permezz ta’ miżuri espliċiti li jevitaw u jikkumpensaw għall-iżvantaġġi li jiffaċċjaw. Metodu ffukat, fil-qafas tal-istrateġija iktar wiesgħa għall-ġlieda kontra l-faqar u l-esklużjoni – li ma jeskludix mill-appoġġ gruppi oħrajn li huma vulnerabbli u mċaħħda – huma kompatibbli mal-prinċipju ta’ non-diskriminazzjoni kemm fuq il-livell tal-UE kif ukoll fuq il-livell nazzjonali. Il-prinċipju ta' trattament indaqs ma jwaqqafx lill-Istati Membri milli jżommu jew jadottaw miżuri speċifiċi biex jevitaw jew jikkompensaw għall-iżvantaġġi marbuta mar-razza jew mal-oriġini etnika[13]. Xi Stati Membri diġà ħadu azzjoni pożittiva b’suċċess favur ir-Roma, minħabba li qiesu li l-miżuri klassiċi favur l-inklużjoni soċjali ma kinux biżżejjed biex jissodisfaw il-ħtiġijiet speċifiċi tar-Roma[14].
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To achieve significant progress towards Roma integration, it is now crucial to step up a gear and ensure that national, regional and local integration policies focus on Roma in a clear and specific way, and address the needs of Roma with explicit measures to prevent and compensate for disadvantages they face. A targeted approach, within the broader strategy to fight against poverty and exclusion – which does not exclude other vulnerable and deprived group from support – is compatible with the principle of non-discrimination both at EU and national level. The principle of equal treatment does not prevent Member States from maintaining or adopting specific measures to prevent or compensate for disadvantages linked to racial or ethnic origin[13]. Some Member States have already successfully used positive action in favour of Roma, considering that classical social inclusion measures were not sufficient to meet Roma specific needs[14].
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Bil-għan li jiġi żgurat li jkun hemm politiki effettivi fl-Istati Membri, il-Kummissjoni qed tipproponi li l-istrateġiji għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma ikunu mfassla, jew fejn dawn diġà jeżistu, jiġu adattati biex jilħqu l-għanijiet tal-UE għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma, permezz ta’ azzjoni ffukata u fondi suffiċjenti (nazzjonali, tal-UE u oħrajn) biex ikunu jistgħu jitwettqu. Hija tipproponi soluzzjonijiet biex tindirizza l-ostakli attwali għall-użu iktar effikaċi tal-fondi tal-UE u tistabbilixxi s-sisien ta’ mekkaniżmu b’saħħtu ta’ monitoraġġ biex tiżgura li jkun hemm riżultati konkreti għar-Roma.
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To ensure that effective policies are in place in the Member States, the Commission proposes that national Roma integration strategies are designed or, where they already exist, are adapted to meet EU Roma integration goals , with targeted actions and sufficient funding (national, EU and other) to deliver them. It proposes solutions to address the current barriers to a more effective use of EU funds and lays the foundations of a robust monitoring mechanism to ensure concrete results for Roma.
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3. L-Espressjoni tal-ambizzjoni tal-UE: l-istipular tal-għanijiet tal-integrazzjoni tar-Roma
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3. EXPRESSING THE EU AMBITION: SETTING ROMA INTEGRATION GOALS
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L-Istħarriġ Annwali tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea dwar it-Tkabbir[15] wera li għad hemm ħafna xi jsir min-naħa tal-Istati Membri u tal-Unjoni biex tiġi implimentata l-istrateġija Ewropa 2020 u biex jintlaħqu l-għanijiet prinċipali tagħha, appoġġjati mill-inizjattivi prinċipali[16]. Fir-rigward ta’ ħafna Stati Membri, il-fatt li jindirizzaw is-sitwazzjoni tar-Roma f'termini ta' impjiegi, faqar u edukazzjoni se jikkontribwixxi biex isir progress fl-għanijiet tal-Ewropa 2020 fil-qasam tal-impjiegi, l-inklużjoni soċjali u l-edukazzjoni.
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The European Commission's Annual Growth Survey[15] showed that much needs to be done by Member States and the EU to implement the Europe 2020 strategy and to achieve its headline targets, supported by flagship initiatives[16]. For a number of Member States, addressing the situation of Roma in terms of employment, poverty and education will contribute to progress towards Europe 2020 employment, social inclusion and education targets.
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L-għanijiet tal- UE għall-intergrazzjoni tar-Roma għandhom ikopru, fi proporzjoni mad-daqs tal-popolazzjoni Roma, erba’ oqsma kruċjali : aċċess għall-edukazzjoni, l-impjiegi, il-kura tas-saħħa u d-djar . Dawn l-istandards minimi għandhom ikunu msejsa fuq indikaturi komuni li jistgħu jitqabblu u affidabbli. L-ilħuq ta’ dawn l-għanijiet huwa importanti biex jgħin lill-Istati Membri jilħqu l-objettivi ġenerali tal-istrateġija Ewropa 2020.
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EU Roma integration goals should cover, in proportion to the size of the Roma population, four crucial areas : access to education, employment, healthcare and housing . These minimum standards should be based on common, comparable and reliable indicators. The achievement of these goals is important to help Member States reaching the overall targets of the Europe 2020 strategy.
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- Aċċess għall-edukazzjoni : Biex ikun żgurat li kull tifel u tifla Roma itemm mill-inqas l-iskola primarja
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- Access to education : Ensure that all Roma children complete at least primary school
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Fost il-poplu Roma, il-kisbiet fil-qasam edukattiv huma ħafna inqas minn dawk tal-kumplament tal-popolazzjoni, minkejja li s-sitwazzjonijiet ivarjaw fost l-Istati Membri[17].
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Educational achievement within the Roma population is much lower than the rest of the population, although the situation differs among Member States[17].
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Filwaqt li l-iskola primarja hija obbligatorja fl-Istati Membri kollha, l-Istati Membri għandhom id-dmir li jiżguraw li l-edukazzjoni primarja tkun disponibbli għat-tfal kollha li jkollhom l-età li fiha l-iskola tkun obbligtorja. Skont l-aħjar evidenza disponibbli mill-Istħarriġ dwar il-Popolazzjoni li Taħdem 2009[18], medja ta’ 97.5% tat-tfal fl-UE jtemmu l-edukazzjoni primarja.
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While primary school attendance is compulsory in all Member States, Member States have a duty to ensure that primary education is available to all children at the compulsory ages. According to the best available evidence from the Labour Force Survey 2009[18], an average of 97.5% of children completes primary education across the EU.
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Minn xi stħarriġ jidher li f’xi Stati Membri huwa biss għadd limitat ta’ tfal Roma li jtemmu l-iskola primarja[19]. Hemm it-tendenza li jkun hemm għadd kbir ta’ tfal Roma fl-iskejjel li joffru edukazzjoni speċjali u fi skejjel issegregati. Jeħtieġ li jissaħħu r-rabtiet mal-komunitajiet permezz ta’ medjaturi kulturali/fl-iskejjel, tal-knejjes, ta’ assoċjazzjonijiet jew komunitajiet reliġjużi u ta' parteċipazzjoni attiva tal-ġenituri Roma, biex jittejbu l-kompetenzi interkulturali tal-għalliema, biex titnaqqas is-segregazzjoni u biex ikun żgurat li jkun hemm konformità mad-dmir ta’ attendenza tal-iskola primarja. Il-Kummissjoni għandha fil-ħsieb li tieħu azzjoni konġunta mal-Kunsill tal-Ewropa biex fi żmien sentejn tħarreġ madwar 1000 medjatur. Il-medjaturi jistgħu jinfurmaw u jagħtu parir lill-ġenituri dwar il-funzjonament tas-sistema edukattiva lokali u jgħinu biex ikun żgurat li t-tfal jimxu minn stadju għall-ieħor tal-karriera skolastika tagħhom.
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Surveys suggest that in some Member States, only a limited number of Roma children complete primary school[19]. Roma children tend to be over-represented in special education and segregated schools. There is a need to strengthen links with communities through cultural/school mediators, churches, religious associations or communities and through active participation of the parents of Roma, to improve the intercultural competences of teachers, to reduce segregation and to ensure compliance with the duty to primary school attendance. The Commission plans a joint action with the Council of Europe to train about 1000 mediators over two years. Mediators can inform and advise parents on the workings of the local education system, and help to ensure that children make the transition between each stage of their school career.
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Huwa magħruf li t-tfal li ma jirċevux edukazzjoni, li jidħlu fis-sistema skolastika jew joħorġu minnha kmieni wisq, sussegwentement jiffaċċjaw diffikulatjiet sinifikanti, li jvarjaw minn problemi ta’ litteriżmu u ta' lingwa sa sens ta’ esklużjoni u inadegwatezza. B’riżultat ta’ dan ikun iktar diffiċli għalihom li jkomplu bl-edukazzjoni tagħhom, li jmorru l-università jew li jsibu impjieg tajjeb. Għalhekk huma mħeġġa inizjattivi ta' programmi li jagħtu ċans ieħor lil żgħażagħ li telqu mill-iskola kmieni, inklużi programmi li jiffukaw b'mod espliċitu fuq it-tfal Roma. Għandu jingħata appoġġ ukoll biex jiġu rriformulati mill-ġdid il-kurrikuli ta’ taħriġ tal-għalliema u biex jiġu elaborati metodi ta' tagħlim innovattivi. L-attendenza ta’ tfal li jbatu minn żvantaġġi multipli teħtieġ koperazzjoni transettorjali u programmi ta’ appoġġ xierqa. Il-Grupp ta’ Livell Għoli dwar il-Litteriżmu u l-Kampanja tal-Kummissjoni favur il-Litteriżmu, li l-Kummissjoni qed tniedi bħala kontribut fil-inizjattiva prinċipali Ewropa 2020 "Ħiliet u Impjiegi ġodda”, se jenfasizzaw l-importanza tal-ġlieda kontra l-illitteriżmu fost it-tfal u l-adulti Roma.
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It is well known that children who miss out on, enter late into the school system, or leave too early will subsequently experience significant difficulties, ranging from illiteracy and language problems to feelings of exclusion and inadequacy. As a result, they will have a harder time getting into further education, university or a good job. Therefore, initiatives of second chance programmes for drop-out young adults are encouraged, including programmes with an explicit focus on Roma children. Support should also be given to reform teachers' training curricula and to elaborate innovative teaching methods. Attendance of multiply disadvantaged children requires a cross-sectoral cooperation and appropriate support programmes. The High Level Group on Literacy and the Literacy Campaign the Commission is launching as a contribution to the Europe 2020 flagship "New Skills and Jobs" will stress the importance of combating illiteracy among Roma children and adults.
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Il-Kummissjoni adottat Komunikazzjoni dwar il-Kura u l-Edukazzjoni Bikrija tat-Tfal[20] li enfasizzat li r-rati ta’ parteċipazzjoni tat-tfal Roma huma sinifikatament iktar baxxi, għalkemm huma akbar il-ħtiġijiet tagħhom għall-appoġġ. Aċċess imtejjeb għal edukazzjoni ta’ kwalità għolja u mhux segregata fit-tfulija bikrija jista’ jkollha rwol ċentrali fl-eliminazzjoni tal-iżvantaġġ edukattiv li jiffaċċjaw it-tfal Roma, kif enfasizzat mill-azzjonijiet pilota fl-integrazzjoni tar-Roma li bħalissa qed jitwettqu f’xi Stati Membri b’kontribuzzjonijiet mill-baġit tal-UE[21].
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The Commission adopted a Communication on Early Childhood Education and Care[20] which highlighted that participation rates of Roma children are significantly lower, although their needs for support are greater. Increased access to high quality non-segregated early childhood education can play a key role in overcoming the educational disadvantage faced by Roma children, as highlighted by pilot actions on Roma integration currently underway in some Member States with contributions from the EU budget[21].
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Għal din ir-raġuni, l-Istati Membri għandhom jiżguraw li t-tfal kollha Roma ikollhom aċċess għal edukazzjoni ta' kwalità u li ma jkunux suġġetti għal diskriminazzjoni jew segregazzjoni, indipendentement minn jekk humiex sedentarji jew le. Bħala livell minimu, l-Istati Membri għandhom jiżguraw li tintemm l-iskola primarja. Skont l-istrateġija Ewropa 2020, għandhom iwessgħu l-aċċess għal edukazzjoni u kura bikrija tat-tfal ta’ kwalita u jnaqqsu l-għadd ta’ tfal li jitilqu l-iskola sekondarja kmieni. Iż-żgħażagħ Roma għandhom jitħeġġu bis-sħiħ biex jipparteċipaw ukoll fl-edukazzjoni sekondarja u terzjarja[22].
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This is why Member States should ensure that all Roma children have access to quality education and are not subject to discrimination or segregation, regardless of whether they are sedentary or not. Member States should, as a minimum, ensure primary school completion. They should also widen access to quality early childhood education and care and reduce the number of early school leavers from secondary education pursuant to the Europe 2020 strategy. Roma youngsters should be strongly encouraged to participate also in secondary and tertiary education[22].
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- Aċċess għall-impjiegi : Biex titnaqqas id-differenza bejn l-impjegar tar-Roma u l-impjegar tal-kumplament tal-popolazzjoni
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- Access to employment : Cut the employment gap between Roma and the rest of the population
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L-istrateġija Ewropa 2020 tistipula l-għan ewlieni li jkun hemm rata ta' impjieġ ta' 75% tal-popolazzjoni fl-età ta' bejn 20 u 64 sena (ir-rata medja tal-impjieg fl-UE hija ta’ 68.8%[23]). L-Istħarriġ Annwali dwar it-Tkabbir tal-2011 spjega fil-qosor kif l-Istati Membri qed jistipulaw għanijiet fir-rigward tal-impjiegi fil-programmi nazzjonali ta’ riforma li jistgħu jintużaw biex jitkejjel il-progress. L-evidenza empirika u r-riċerka dwar is-sitwazzjoni soċjo-ekonomika tar-Roma juru li hemm qabża sinifikanti bejn ir-rata ta' impjieg tar-Roma u r-rata ta' impjieg tal-kumplament tal-popolazzjoni.
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The Europe 2020 strategy sets a headline target of 75% of the population aged 20-64 to be employed (on average, the employment rate in the EU amounts to 68.8%[23]). The 2011 Annual Growth Survey outlined how Member States are setting national employment targets in national reform programmes against which progress can be measured. Empirical evidence and research on the socio-economic situation of Roma show that there is a significant gap between the employment rate for Roma and the rest of the population.
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Il-Bank Dinji kkonkluda li r-rati ta’ impjieg tar-Roma (speċjalment tan-nisa) huma ħafna inqas minn dawk tal-maġġoranza mhux Roma[24]. Minn stħarriġ tal-Aġenzija Ewropea għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali li sar f’seba’ Stati Membri wkoll jidher li hemm differenzi sinifikanti u jindika li r-Roma iqisu li jiġu diskriminati ħafna fid-dinja tax-xogħol[25].
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The World Bank found that Roma employment rates (especially for women) fall well behind those of the non-Roma majority[24]. A survey by the European Agency for Fundamental Rights in seven Member States also highlights important gaps and indicates that Roma consider themselves to be highly discriminated against in the field of employment[25].
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Huwa għalhekk li l-Istati Membri għandhom jagħtu lill-popolazzjoni Roma aċċess sħiħ, b’mod li ma jiddiskriminax, għat-taħriġ vokazzjonali, għas-suq tax-xogħol u għall-għodda u l-inizjattivi maħsuba għal dawk li jixtiequ jaħdmu għal rashom. Għandu jitħeġġeġ l-aċċess għall-mikrokreditu. Fis-settur pubbliku għandha tingħata l-attenzjoni xierqa biex fost il-ħaddiema tal-gvern jiġu impjegati persuni Roma ikkwalifikati. Is-Servizz Pubbliku tal-Impjiegi jista’ jgħin lir-Roma billi jipprovdi servizzi personalizzati u medjazzjoni. Dan jista’ jgħin biex ir-Roma jinġibdu lejn is-suq tax-xogħol u b'hekk tiżdied ir-rata ta' impjieg tagħhom.
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This is why Member States should grant Roma people full access in a non-discriminatory way to vocational training, to the job market and to self-employment tools and initiatives. Access to micro-credit should be encouraged. In the public sector, due attention should be given to employment of qualified Roma civil servants. Public Employment Services can reach out to the Roma by providing personalised services and mediation. This can help attract Roma to the labour market and thus increase the employment rate.
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- Aċċess għall-kura tas-saħħa : Biex titnaqqas id-differenza bejn il-qagħda tas-saħħa tar-Roma u dik tal-kumplament tal-popolazzjoni
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- Access to healthcare : Reduce the gap in health status between the Roma and the rest of the population
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Fl-UE l-għomor mistenni mat-twelid huwa ta’ 76 sena għall-irġiel u ta’ 82 sena għan-nisa[26]. Għar-Roma dan huwa stmat li huwa 10 snin inqas[27]. Barra minn hekk, filwaqt li r-rata ta’ mwiet fl-UE hija ta’ 4.3 kull elf tarbija mwielda ħajja[28], hemm evidenza li r-rata hija ferm ogħla fost il-komunitajiet Roma. Minn rapport tal-Programm ta’ Żvilupp tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti jidher li r-rati ta’ mwiet fost it-tfal Roma huma minn darbtejn sa sitt darbiet ogħla minn dawk tal-popolazzjoni ġenerali, u dan jiddependi mill-pajjiż. Ġew irrappurtati rati għoljin ta’ mwiet fost it-tfal fil-komunitajiet Roma anki f'pajjiżi oħrajn[29].
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Life expectancy at birth in the EU is 76 for men and 82 for women[26]. For Roma, it is estimated to be 10 years less[27]. In addition, while the infant mortality rate in the EU is 4.3 per thousand live births[28], there is evidence that the rate is much higher among Roma communities. A United Nations Development Programme report on five countries noted that Roma child mortality rates are 2 to 6 times higher than those for the general population, depending on the country. High levels of infant mortality among the Roma community are reported in other countries[29].
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Din id-diskrepanza tirrifletti l-qabża globali fis-saħħa li hemm bejn ir-Roma u oħrajn mhux Roma. Din id-differenza hija marbuta mas-sitwazzjonijiet ta’ għajxien foqra tagħhom, man-nuqqas ta’ aċċess għal kura tas-saħħa ta’ kwalità u ma' kemm ikunu esposti għal riskji ogħla tas-saħħa. Fl-istħarriġ tal-Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali, deher ukoll li d-diskriminazzjoni mill-persuni li jaħdmu fil-qasam tal-kura tas-saħħa hija problema partikolari għar-Roma[30]: 17% indikaw li kellhom esperjenza ta' diskriminazzjoni ta’ dan it-tip fit-12-il xahar ta’ qabel. L-użu ta’ servizzi ta’ prevenzjoni fost il-popolazzjoni Roma huwa baxx u, skont xi studji li saru, iktar minn 25% tat-tfal Roma ma ħadux it-tilqim kollu[31].
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This disparity reflects the overall gap in health between Roma and non-Roma. This difference is linked to their poor living situations, lack of targeted information campaign, limited access to quality healthcare and exposure to higher health risks. In the Fundamental Rights Agency survey, discrimination by healthcare personnel also emerged as a particular problem for the Roma[30]: 17% indicated they had experienced discrimination in this area in the previous 12 months. Use of prevention services among the Roma population is low and, according to some studies, over 25% of Roma children are not fully vaccinated[31].
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Huwa għalhekk li l-Istati Membri għandhom jipprovdu lir-Roma b’aċċess għal kura tas-saħħa ta’ kwalità, speċjalment għat-tfal u n-nisa kif ukoll għal kura maħsuba għall-prevenzjoni u għal servizzi soċjali ta’ livell simili u bl-istess kundizzjonijiet tal-bqija tal-popolazzjoni. Il-persuni Roma ikkwalifikati għandhom jiġu involuti fi programmi maħsuba għall-komunitajiet tagħhom, meta dan ikun possibbli.
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This is why Member States should provide access to quality healthcare especially for children and women as well as preventive care and social services at a similar level and under the same conditions to the Roma as to the rest of the population. Where possible, qualified Roma should be involved in healthcare programmes targeting their communities.
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- Aċċess għal djar u għas-servizzi essenzjali : Biex titnaqqas id-differenza bejn l-għadd ta’ Roma li għandhom aċċess għad-djar u għas-servizzi pubbliċi (bħall-ilma, l-elettriku u l-gass) u l-kumplament tal-popolazzjoni li għandhom is-servizzi pubbliċi.
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- Access to housing and essential services : Close the gap between the share of Roma with access to housing and to public utilities (such as water, electricity and gas) and that of the rest of the population
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Bejn 72% u 100% tad-djar fl-UE għandhom is-servizz pubbliku tal-ilma[32]. Madankollu, is-sitwazzjoni tar-Roma hija ħafna agħar. Il-kundizzjoni spiss ħżiena tad-djar tagħhom jinkludu aċċess inadegwat għas-servizzi pubbliċi bħall-ilma, l-elettriku jew il-gass, u huwa spiss diffiċli għar-Roma mhux sedentarji li jsibu żoni b'aċċess għall-ilma[33]. Dan għandu impatt negattiv fuq is-saħħa tagħhom u fuq l-integrazzjoni ġenerali tagħhom fis-soċjetà.
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Between 72% and 100% of households across the EU are connected to a public water supply[32]. Yet the situation for Roma is much worse. Their often poor housing conditions include an inadequate access to public utilities such as water, electricity or gas and non-sedentary Roma often have difficulty finding sites with access to water[33]. This has a negative impact on their health and overall integration in society.
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Huwa għalhekk li l-Istati Membri għandhom jippRomawovu aċċess bla diskriminazzjoni għad-djar, inkluż aċċess għall-iskemi soċjali tad-djar. L-aċċess għad-djar għandu jkun parti minn metodu integrat li jinkludi, b’mod partikolari l-edukazzjoni, is-saħħa, l-affarijiet soċjali, l-impjiegi u s-sigurtà u miżuri kontra s-segregazzjoni. L-Istati Membri għandhom jindirizzaw ukoll il-ħtiġijiet tar-Roma mhux sedentarji (pereżempju billi jipprovdulhom aċċess għal żoni xierqa fejn huma jistgħu jieqfu). Għandhom jintervjenu b’mod attiv permezz ta' programmi mmirati li jinvolvu l-awtoritajiet reġjonali u lokali.
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This is why Member States should promote non-discriminatory access to housing, including social housing. Action on housing needs to be part of an integrated approach including, in particular, education, health, social affairs, employment and security, and desegregation measures. Member States should also address the particular needs of non-sedentary Roma (e.g. provide access to suitable halting sites for non-sedentary Roma). They should actively intervene with targeted programmes involving regional and local authorities.
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4. Strateġiji nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma: Impenn ta’ politika ċara mill-Istati Membri
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4. NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGIES: A CLEAR POLICY COMMITMENT FROM MEMBER STATES
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Biex tkompli tibni fuq l-esperjenza tal-Istati Membri inkluża ta’ dawk li jipparteċipaw fid-Deċennju tar-Roma[34], il-Kummissjoni tistieden lill-Istati Membri biex jallinjaw l-istrateġiji nazzjonali tagħhom għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma mal-metodu ffukat imsemmi hawn fuq u jestendu l-perjodu ta’ ppjanar sas-sena 2020. L-Istati Membri li għad m’għandhomx strateġiji nazzjonali dwar ir-Roma huma mistiedna biex jistabbilixxu objettivi simili, fi proporzjon mad-daqs tal-popolazzjoni Roma li tgħix fit-territorju tagħhom[35], u billi iqisu l-punti ta’ tluq differenti tagħhom u l-fatturi partikolari ta’ popolazzjonijiet bħal dawn.
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Building on the experience of the Member States including these participating in the Roma Decade[34], the Commission calls on Member States to align their national Roma integration strategies to the targeted approach set out above and extend their planning period up to 2020. Member States that do not have national Roma strategies in place yet are called upon to set similar goals, in proportion to the size of the Roma population living in their territories[35] and taking into account their different starting points as well as the specificities of such populations.
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L-istrateġiji nazzjonali tal-Istati Membri għandhom isegwu metodu ffukat li jikkontribwixxi b’mod attiv fl-integrazzjoni soċjali tar-Roma fis-soċjetà ġenerali u fit- tneħħija tas-segregazzjoni fejn din teżisti , skont il-Prinċipji Bażiċi Komuni tal-Inklużjoni tar-Roma[36] . Għandhom ikunu adattati u jikkontribwixxu għall-qafas iktar wiesa’ tal-istrateġija Ewropa 2020 u għaldaqstant għandhom ikunu konsistenti mal-programmi nazzjonali ta’ riforma.
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Member States' national strategies should pursue a targeted approach which will, in line with the Common Basic Principles on Roma Inclusion [36], actively contribute to the social integration of Roma in mainstream society and to eliminating segregation where it exists. They should fit into and contribute to the broader framework of the Europe 2020 strategy and should therefore be consistent with national reform programmes .
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Meta jiżviluppaw l-istrateġiji nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma, l-Istati Membri għandhom iżommu f’moħħhom il-metodi li ġejjin:
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When developing national Roma integration strategies, Member States should bear in mind the following approaches:
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- Jistabbilixxu objettivi nazzjonali li jistgħu jintlaħqu għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma biex titnaqqas id-differenza li hemm bejn ir-Roma u l-popolazzjoni ġenerali. Bħala minimu, dawn l-objettivi għandhom jindirizzaw l-erba’ għanijiet tal-UE għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma marbuta mal-aċċess għall-edukazzjoni, l-impjiegi, il-kura tas-saħħa u l-akkomodazzjoni.
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- Set achievable national goals for Roma integration to bridge the gap with the general population. These targets should address, as a minimum, the four EU Roma integration goals relating to access to education, employment, healthcare and housing.
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- Jidentifikaw, fejn ikun rilevanti, dawk il- mikroreġjuni żvantaġġjati jew iż-żoni residenzjali ssegregati , fejn il-komunitajiet huma l-iktar imċaħħda, bl-użu ta' indikaturi soċjoekonomiċi u territorjali diġà disponibbli (jiġifieri livell baxx ħafna ta' edukazzjoni, qgħad persistenti, etc...)
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- Identify where relevant those disadvantaged micro-regions or segregated neighbourhoods , where communities are most deprived, using already available socio-economic and territorial indicators (i.e. very low educational level, long-term unemployment, etc…).
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- Jallokaw ammont suffiċjenti ta’ fondi mill-baġits nazzjonali, li għandhom jiġu ssuplimentati mill-iffinanzjar internazzjonali u tal-UE, meta dan ikun xieraq.
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- Allocate a sufficient funding from national budgets , which will be complemented, where appropriate, by international and EU funding.
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- Jinkludu metodi stretti ta’ monitoraġġ biex jevalwaw l-impatt tal-azzjonijiet għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma u mekkaniżmu ta’ reviżjoni għall-adattazzjoni tal-istrateġija.
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- Include strong monitoring methods to evaluate the impact of Roma integration actions and a review mechanism for the adaptation of the strategy.
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- Ikkunu mfassla, implimentati u sorveljati b’koperazzjoni mill-qrib u bi djalogu kontinwu mas-soċjetà ċivili tar-Roma, mal-awtoritajiet reġjonali u lokali.
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- Be designed, implemented and monitored in close cooperation and continuous dialogue with Roma civil society, regional and local authorities .
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- Jaħtru punt ta’ kuntatt nazzjonali għall-istrateġija nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma mal-awtorità biex jiġu kkoordinati l-iżvilupp u l-implimentazzjoni tal-istrateġija jew, fejn ikun rilevanti, biex iserrħu fuq strutturi amministrattivi eżistenti xierqa.
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- Appoint a national contact point for the national Roma integration strategy with the authority to coordinate the development and implementation of the strategy or, where relevant, rely on suitable existing administrative structures.
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L-Istati Membri huma mitluba li jħejju jew jirrevedu l-istrateġiji nazzjonali tagħhom għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma u jippreżentawhom lill-Kummissjoni sal-aħħar ta’ Diċembru 2011. Fir-Rebbiegħa tal-2012, qabel il-laqgħa annwali tal-Pjattaforma tar-Roma, il-Kummissjoni se tevalwa l-istrateġiji nazzjonali u tħejji rapport lill-Parlament Ewropew u lill-Kunsill dwar il-progress li jkun sar.
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Member States are requested to prepare or revise their national Roma integration strategies and present them to the Commission by the end of December 2011. In spring 2012, ahead of the annual Roma Platform meeting, the Commission will assess these national strategies and report to the European Parliament and to the Council about progress.
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5. Niksbu riżultati konkreti għall-poplu Roma
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5. ACHIEVING CONCRETE RESULTS FOR ROMA PEOPLE
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L-implimentazzjoni u s-suċċess tal-istrateġiji nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma se jiddependu ħafna fuq l-allokazzjoni effettiva u suffiċjenti tar-riżorsi nazzjonali. L-iffinanzjar waħdu tal-UE żgur mhux se jsolvi s-sitwazzjoni tar-Roma, imma l-Kummissjoni tfakkar li bħalissa hemm programmati sa EUR 26.5 biljuni f’fondi tal-UE maħsuba biex jgħinu lill-Istati Membri fl-isforzi tagħhom fil-qasam tal-inklużjoni soċjali, kif ukoll biex jappoġġjaw l-isforzi li qed isiru biex tingħata għajnuna lir-Roma[37].
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The implementation and success of national Roma integration strategies will very much depend on an effective and sufficient allocation of national resources. EU funding alone can certainly not solve the situation of Roma, but the Commission recalls that up to € 26.5 billion of EU funding is currently programmed to support Member States' efforts in the field of social inclusion, including to support efforts to help the Roma[37].
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F’April 2010, il-Kummissjoni[38] stiednet lill-Istati Membri biex jiżguraw li l-istrumenti finanzjarji eżistenti tal-UE, speċjalment il-Fondi Strutturali u l-Fond Agrikolu Ewropew għall-Iżvilupp Rurali, ikunu aċċessibbli biex jintużaw għar-Roma. Il-Kunsill approva din l-istrateġija f’Ġunju 2010[39]. Madankollu, bosta mill-Istati Membri bħalissa ma jużawx biżżejjed il-fondi tal-UE disponibbli biex jiġu indirizzati l-ħtiġijiet tar-Roma.
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In April 2010, the Commission[38] called on the Member States to ensure that existing EU financial instruments, and especially the Structural Funds and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, were accessible to Roma. This approach was endorsed by the Council in June 2010[39]. However, most Member States currently do not make yet sufficient use of available EU funds to address the needs of the Roma.
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Nagħmlu progress fil-perjodu ta’ programmazzjoni attwali (2007-2013)...
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Making progress under the present programming period (2007-2013)…
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- Sabiex jingħelbu d-dgħjufijiet, fejn jeżistu, fl-iżvilupp ta’ strateġiji xierqa u ta’ miżuri effettivi li jimplimentawhom, l-Istati Membri huma mistiedna jemendaw il-programmi operattivi tagħhom li huma kofinanzjati mill-Fondi Strutturali u mill- Fond Agrikolu Ewropew għall-Iżvilupp Rurali , sabiex ikunu jistgħu jappoġġjaw aħjar il-proġetti li jiffukaw fuq ir-Roma, u biex jallinjawhom mal-istrateġiji nazzjonali tagħhom għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma.
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- In order to overcome the weaknesses in the development of appropriate strategies and effective measures to implement them where they exist, Members States are invited to amend their operational programmes co-financed by Structural Funds and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development in order to better support Roma targeted projects, and to align them with their national Roma integration strategies.
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- Il-Kummissjoni flimkien mal-Istati Membri se teżamina t-tibdil fil-programmi operazzjonali tagħhom sabiex jiġu indirizzati l-ħtiġijiet il-ġodda, jiġu simplifikati r-riżultati u titħaffef l-implimentazzjoni tal-prijoritajiet, inkluż l-użu ta' metodu integrat fil-qasam tad-djar maħsub mir-Regolament modifikat dwar il-Fond Ewropew għall-Iżvilupp Reġjonali[40]. Il-Kummissjoni se tevalwa b'ħeffa t-talbiet għal modifiki fil-programm li jkunu marbuta mal-istrateġiji nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma.
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- The Commission will examine with Member States changes to their operational programmes in order to address new needs, simplify delivery and speed up the implementation of priorities, including the use of the housing-related integrated approach foreseen in the European Regional Development Fund modified Regulation[40]. The Commission will swiftly examine requests for programme modifications that are in relation to the national Roma integration strategies.
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- Hemm kwantità sinifikanti ta' assistenza teknika tal-UE disponibbli għall-Istati Membri (4% tal-Fondi Strutturali kollha), li minnhom, sa tmiem l-2009, l-istess Stati Membri użaw biss medja ta’ 31% tal-allokazzjonijiet ippjanati għalihom. Dawn l-ammonti se jintilfu jekk ma jintużawx. L-Istati Membri għandhom għalhekk jużaw iktar l-assistenza teknika tal-UE[41] meta jfasslu l-istrateġiji nazzjonali tagħhom għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma, biex itejbu l-immaniġġjar, il-monitoraġġ u l-kapaċitajiet ta’ valutazzjoni tagħhom fil-proġetti maħsuba għar-Roma. Hemm il-potenzjal li dan l-istrument jintuża mill-Istati Membri biex jiksbu l-għarfien li għandhom l-organizzazzjonijiet reġjonali, nazzjonali u internazzjonali fil-preparazzjoni, l-implimentazzjoni u l-monitoraġġ ta' interventi.
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- There are significant amounts of EU technical assistance at Member States' disposal (4% of all Structural Funds), out of which Member States on average had only used 31% of their planned allocations until late 2009. These amounts would be lost if not used. When designing their national Roma integration strategies, Member States should therefore make a greater use of EU technical assistance[41] to improve their management, monitoring and evaluation capacities also with regard to Roma-targeted projects. This instrument could also potentially be used by Member States to obtain the expertise of regional, national and international organisations in preparing, implementing and monitoring interventions.
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- Biex jingħelbu l-kwistjonijiet ta’ kapaċità, bħan-nuqqas ta’ għarfien u ta' kapaċità amministrattiva tal-awtoritajiet li jmexxu u d-diffikultajiet li hemm biex il-fondi jingħaqdu biex jiġu appoġġjati proġetti integrati, il-Kummissjoni tistieden lill-Istati Membri biex jikkunsidraw jagħtu t-tmexxija u l-implimentazzjoni ta’ parti mill-programmi tagħhom lil korpi intermedjarji bħall-organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali, il-korpi għall-iżvilupp reġjonali, il-knejjes u organizzazzjonijiet jew komunitajiet reliġjużi kif ukoll l-organizzazzjonijiet mhux governattivi li għandhom esperjenza ppruvata fl-integrazzjoni tar-Roma u għarfien tal-partijiet involuti fil-proċess[42]. F’dan ir-rispett, in-netwerk tal-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew jista' jkun għodda utli[43].
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- To surmount capacity issues, such as lack of know-how and administrative capacity of managing authorities and the difficulties of combining funds to support integrated projects, the Commission invites Member States to consider entrusting the management and implementation of some parts of their programmes to intermediary bodies such as international organisations, regional development bodies, churches and religious organisations or communities as well as non-governmental organisations with proven experience in Roma integration and knowledge of actors on the ground[42]. In this respect, the network of the European Economic and Social Committee could be a useful tool[43].
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- L-Istati Membri għandhom iqisu wkoll l-użu ta’ Faċilità Ewropea ta’ Mikrofinanzjament Progress[44], li għaliha hemm disponibbli EUR 100 miljun f’iffinanzjar tal-UE għas-snin 2010-2013. Il-Kummissjoni tistima li dan l-ammont jista’ jiġġenera iktar minn EUR 500 miljun f’mikrokreditu fit-tmien snin li ġejjin. Il-komunitajiet Roma huma wieħed mill-gruppi fil-mira tal-istrument[45]. Jekk lill-komunitajiet Roma tingħatalhom il-possibilità li jibdew attivitajiet produttivi awtonomi, dan jista’ jfisser li tingħata l-motivazzjoni lin-nies li jipparteċipaw b’mod attiv fix-xogħol regolari, titnaqqas id-dipendenza fuq il-benefiċċji u tingħata ispirazzjoni lill-ġenerazzjonijiet futuri.
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- Member States should also consider using the European Progress Microfinance Facility,[44] for which a total of € 100 million of EU funding is available for the period 2010-2013. The Commission estimates that this amount can be leveraged to more than € 500 million in microcredit over the coming eight years. Roma communities are one of the target groups of the instrument[45]. Giving Roma communities the opportunity to start autonomous productive activities could motivate people to actively participate in regular work, reduce benefit dependency and inspire future generations.
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- Meta jfasslu u jimplimentaw l-istrateġiji nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma, l-Istati Membri huma mħeġġa biex jużaw l-Inizjattiva Ewropea dwar l-Innovazzjoni Soċjali, li l-Kummissjoni Ewropea għandha l-intenzjoni li tniedi fl-2011, kif stabbilit fl-Inizjattiva Prinċipali “Pjattaforma Ewropea kontra l-Faqar u l-Esklużjoni Soċjali”. Dan il-metodu msejjes fuq l-innovazzjoni jista’ jikkontribwixxi fit-titjib tal-effettività tal-politiki soċjali ta’ inklużjoni.
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- When designing and implementing their national Roma integration strategies, Member States are encouraged to use the European Initiative on Social Innovation, which the Commission intends to launch in 2011 as set out in the Flagship Initiative "European Platform against Poverty and Social Exclusion". This innovation-based approach can contribute to improving the effectiveness of social inclusion policies.
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...u lil hinn mill-2013
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…and beyond 2013
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L-istrateġiji Nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma għandhom ikopru l-perjodu mill-2011 sal-2020 għalhekk huwa importanti li l-fondi disponibbli fil-Qafas Finanzjarju Multiannwali (MFF) jintużaw bl-aħjar mod. Il-Qafas Finanzjarju Multiannwali se jfassal il-metodu li bih il-baġit futur tal-UE se jappoġġja l-għanijiet tal-Ewropa 2020.
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As the national Roma integration strategies should cover the period 2011-2020, making best use of the funding that will be made available under the new Multi-annual Financial Framework (MFF) is important. The MFF will set out the way in which the future EU budget will support the objectives of Europe 2020.
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Sa mill-bidu, l-istrateġija Ewropa 2020 qieset is-sitwazzjoni tal-poplu Roma[46]. L-azzjonijiet li jappoġġjaw l-integrazzjoni tar-Roma se jkunu parti mill-istrumenti finanzjarji rilevanti tal-UE, b’mod partikolari l-fondi għall-politika ta' koeżjoni. Meta jitħejjew il-proposti għall-qafas regolatorju futur dwar il-politika ta’ koeżjoni, imsejsa fuq l-orjentazzjonijiet fir-Reviżjoni tal-Baġit[47] u fil-konklużjonijiet tal-Ħames Rapport ta' Koeżjoni, il-Kummissjoni se tistinka biex tindirizza l-ostakli potenzjali ta’ bħalissa biex il-fondi għall-politika ta' koeżjoni jintużaw b'mod effettiv fl-appoġġ tal-integrazzjoni tar-Roma.
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From its inception, Europe 2020 strategy takes into account the situation of the Roma population[46]. Actions to support the integration of the Roma will be part of the relevant EU financial instruments, in particular cohesion policy funds. When preparing its proposals for the future cohesion policy regulatory framework, based on the orientations put forward in the Budget Review[47] and in the conclusions of the fifth Cohesion Report, the Commission will strive to address the current potential barriers to an effective use of cohesion policy funds to support Roma integration.
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Se jkun importanti li jiġi żgurat li l-prijoritajiet ta’ investiment tal-fondi varji, li jkunu jistgħu jintużaw fil-qasam tal-inklużjoni soċjali u l-ġlieda kontra l-faqar, ikunu fil-bażi tal-implimentazzjoni tal-programmi nazzjonali ta’ riforma u tal-istrateġiji nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma. Għandhom jistipulaw ukoll il-kundizzjonijiet meħtieġa minn qabel biex ikun hemm appoġġ effettiv u mmirat lejn ir-riżultati, anki permezz ta' valutazzjoni aħjar. Barra minn hekk, se tiġi esplorata l-possibilità li jintużaw inċentivi pożittivi biex jingħata rimedju għall-inugwaljanza. Fl-istess ħin, is-simplifikazzjoni tal-proċeduri għall-benefiċċju tal-utenti tal-programm se tkun waħda mill-elementi prinċipali li se tqis il-Kummissjoni waqt li tħejji l-proposti futuri. Dan huwa ta’ importanza partikolari għal proġetti li jindirizzaw il-ħtiġijiet tar-Roma.
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It will be important to ensure that the investment priorities of the various funds that can be used in the area of social inclusion and fight against poverty underpin the implementation of the national reform programmes and the national Roma integration strategies. They should also set out the necessary pre-conditions for an effective and result-oriented support, including through better evaluation. In addition, the possibility to use positive incentives to redress inequalities will be explored. At the same time, simplifying procedures for the benefit of the programme users will be one of the main elements the Commission will take into account when preparing the future proposals. This is of particular importance for projects addressing Roma needs.
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6. I L-PROMOZZJONI TAL-INTEGRAZZJONI TAR-ROMA LIL HINN MILL-UE: IS-SITWAZZJONI PARTIKOLARI TAL-PAJJIżI LI SE JISSIEħBU
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6. PROMOTING ROMA INTEGRATION BEYOND THE EU: THE PARTICULAR SITUATION OF ENLARGEMENT COUNTRIES
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L-Istrateġija tal-Kummissjoni għat-Tkabbir[48] enfasizzat is-sitwazzjoni prekarja ta’ ħafna Roma fil-Balkani tal-Punent u fit-Turkija. Il-Kunsill tal-Ewropa jistma li hemm 3.8 miljuni.
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The Commission’s Enlargement Strategy[48] highlighted the precarious situation of many Roma in the Western Balkans and in Turkey. Their number is estimated at 3.8 million by the Council of Europe.
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Ir-Roma fil-pajjiżi li se jissieħbu għandhom l-istess problemi jew problemi iktar serji minn dawk li għandhom f'ħafna Stati Membri tal-UE: l-esklużjoni soċjali, is-segregazzjoni u l-emarġinazzjoni li jwasslu għal nuqqas ta’ edukazzjoni, qgħad kroniku, aċċess limitat għall-kura tas-saħħa, għad-djar u għas-servizzi essenzjali kif ukoll faqar mifrux. Barra minn hekk, minħabba l-gwerer fir-reġjun tal-Balkani, ħafna familji Roma kellhom imorru f’pajjiżi oħra fir-reġjun jew fl-Ewropa tal-Punent u ma setgħux immorru lura f’pajjiżhom. Fit-Turkija, il-gruppi Roma huma differenti, imma l-parti l-kbira minnhom ibatu minn esklużjoni soċjali multidimensjonali.
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Roma in enlargement countries face similar or even more serious problems than in many EU Member States: social exclusion, segregation and marginalisation leading to lack of education, chronic unemployment, limited access to healthcare, housing and essential services as well as widespread poverty. In addition, due to the wars in the Balkan region, many Roma families had to move as displaced persons to other countries in the region or to Western Europe. In Turkey, Roma groups are diverse, but a large proportion suffers from multi-dimensional social exclusion.
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Il-lezzjonijiet li ħadna mis-sħubijiet fil-passat wrew li l-promozzjoni tal-integrazzjoni tar-Roma teħtieġ impenn politiku mtejjeb lejn l-inklużjoni tar-Roma, l-allokazzjoni tar-riżorsi xierqa fil-baġits nazzjonali, koordinazzjoni aħjar mad-donaturi kollha rilevanti u valutazzjoni sistematika u monitoraġġ imsaħħaħ. L-għanijiet tal-integrazzjoni tar-Roma għandhom l-istess rilevanza għal dawn il-pajjiżi. L-istrateġiji nazzjonali tagħhom għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma u l-Pjanijiet ta’ Azzjoni (f’ħafna mill-każijiet żviluppati fi ħdan il-qafas tad-Deċennju tal-Inklużjoni tar-Roma 2005-2015) għandhom jiġu riveduti skont dawn l-għanijiet. It-Turkija għadha trid tadotta qafas nazzjonali biex tindirizza l-inklużjoni tar-Roma.
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Lessons learned from past accessions suggest that promoting Roma integration requires an enhanced political commitment to Roma inclusion, the allocation of appropriate resources under the national budgets, better coordination with all relevant donors and a systematic evaluation and reinforced monitoring. The EU Roma integration goals are equally relevant to these countries. Their national Roma integration strategies and Action Plans (developed in most cases in the framework of the 2005-2015 Decade of Roma Inclusion) should be reviewed in line with these goals. Turkey has yet to adopt a national framework to address Roma inclusion.
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Kemm fuq il-livell reġjonali kif ukoll fuq il-livell nazzjonali, il-Kummissjoni ħadet impenn li tgħin fl-isforzi ta’ dawn il-pajjiżi biex titjieb l-inklużjoni soċjali u ekonomika tar-Roma permezz ta’:
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The Commission is committed to help, at regional and national level, the efforts of these countries to improve the social and economic inclusion of Roma through:
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- titjib fl-għoti ta’ appoġġ, skont l-Istrument għall-Assistenza ta’ qabel l-Adeżjoni, għal programmar nazzjonali strateġiku u orjentat lejn ir-riżultati u li jkun ta’ benefiċċju multiplu, b’iffukar fuq metodu ta' żvilupp soċjali li jolqot is-settur kollu. Bħalissa l-Kummissjoni qed timplimenta jew tippjana proġetti b’valur totali ta’ iktar minn EUR 50 miljun li jistgħu jkunu ta’ benefiċċju esklussiv jew parzjali għall-komunitajiet Roma.
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- improving the delivery of support under the Instrument on Pre-Accession Assistance towards a strategic and results oriented national and multi-beneficiary programming with a focus on a sector-wide approach for social development. The Commission is currently implementing or planning projects with a total value of more than €50 million which could also exclusively or partly benefit the Roma communities.
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- it-tisħiħ tal-involviment tas-soċjetà ċivili billi jitħeġġu d-djalogi istituzzjonalizzati mar-rappreżentanti tar-Roma biex jinvolvu ruħhom u jieħdu r-responsabilità tat-tfassil, l-implimentazzjoni u l-monitoraġġ tal-politika fuq il-livelli reġjonali, nazzjonali u lokali.
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- strengthening the involvement of civil society by encouraging institutionalised dialogues with Roma representatives to become involved and take responsibility for policy formulation, implementation and monitoring on regional, national and local level.
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- monitoraġġ mill-qrib tal-progress li jkun sar minn kull pajjiż fir-rigward tas-sitwazzjoni ekonomika u soċjali tar-Roma u l-preżentazzjoni annwali tal-konklużjonijiet fir-Rapporti ta’ Progress marbuta mat-tkabbir.
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- close monitoring of the progress made by each country regarding the economic and social situation of Roma and annual presentation of its conclusions in the enlargement Progress Reports.
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7. Nagħtu s-setgħa lis-Soċjetà Ċivili: Rwol imsaħħaħ għall-Pjattaforma Ewropea għall-Inklużjoni tar-Roma
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7. EMPOWERING CIVIL SOCIETY: A STRONGER ROLE FOR THE EUROPEAN PLATFORM FOR ROMA INCLUSION
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Il-Pjattaforma Ewropea għall-Inklużjoni[49] tar-Roma hija forum utli għad-dibattitu u għal azzjoni konġunta tal-partijiet interessati kollha rilevanti: l-istituzzjonijiet tal-UE, il-gvernijiet nazzjonali, l-organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali, l-akkademiċi u r-rappreżentanti tas-soċjetà ċivili Roma. Il-Pjattaforma kkontribwixxiet b’mod sinifikanti sabiex kemm il-politiki Ewropej kif ukoll nazzjonali jkunu iktar sensittivi lejn il-ħtiġijiet tar-Roma.
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THE EUROPEAN PLATFORM FOR ROMA INCLUSION [49] is a useful forum for debate and concerted actions of all relevant stakeholders: EU institutions, national governments, international organisations, academia and Roma civil society representatives. The Platform has significantly contributed to making both European and national policies more sensitive to Roma needs.
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Il-Kummissjoni ħadet impenn biex ikollha rwol iktar b'saħħtu fil-Pjattaforma u biex issaħħaħ ir-rwol tal-Pjattaforma, billi tibni fuq l-esperjenza tal-passat u torbot il-ħidma tagħha mal-erba' oqsma ta' prijorità tal-istrateġiji nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma.
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The Commission is committed to playing a stronger role in the Platform and to reinforcing the Platform's role, building on past experience and by linking its work with the four priority areas of national Roma integration strategies.
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Permezz tal-Pjattaforma, il-partijiet interessati kkonċernati, speċjalment ir-rappreżentanti tal-komunitajiet Roma, għandu jkollhom il-possibilità ta' rwol fil-Qafas Ewropew għall-Istrateġiji Nazzjonali għall-Integrazzjoni tar-Roma. Il-Pjattaforma msaħħa tista’ tkun ta’ appoġġ għall-Istati Membri biex isibu soluzzjoni ta’ politika rilevanti permezz tal-iskambju ta’ prattiki tajba u diskussjoni dwar il-metodi ma' organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali li għandhom esperjenza fil-promozzjoni tal-inklużjoni tar-Roma. Se tipprovdi wkoll lill-Kummissjoni bir-reazzjonijiet għar-riżultati tal-isforzi nazzjonali li jkunu qed isiru fil-post permezz tal-vuċi tas-soċjetà ċivili Roma.
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Through the Platform, concerned stakeholders, especially representatives of the Roma communities, should have the possibility to play a role in the European Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies. The strengthened Platform can support Member States to find the relevant policy responses through the exchange of good practices and the discussion of approaches from international organisations with experience in promoting Roma inclusion. It will also provide the Commission with feedback on the results of national efforts on the ground through the voice of Roma civil society.
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8. Il-kejl tal-progress: it-twaqqif ta’ sistema soda ta’ monitoraġġ
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8. MEASURING PROGRESS: PUTTING IN PLACE A ROBUST MONITORING SYSTEM
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Bħalissa huwa diffiċili li tinkiseb dejta preċiża, dettaljata u kompleta dwar is-sitwazzjoni tar-Roma fl-Istati Membri u li jiġu identifikati miżuri konkreti li jkunu twaqqfu apposta biex jittrattaw l-esklużjoni u d-diskriminazzjoni tar-Roma. Mhux possibbli li jiġi vvalutat jekk dawn il-miżuri tawx ir-riżultati mistennija jew le. Għalhekk huwa importanti li tinġabar dejta affidabbli.
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At present, it is difficult to obtain accurate, detailed and complete data on the situation of Roma in the Member States and to identify concrete measures put in place to tackle Roma exclusion and discrimination. It is not possible to assess whether such measures have given the expected results. It is therefore important to collect reliable data.
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Huwa proprju għalhekk li jeħtieġ li jitwaqqaf mekkaniżmu sod ta’ monitoraġġ b’punti ta’ referenza ċari, li jiżgura li r-riżultati tanġibbli jkunu jistgħu jitkejlu, li l-fondi maħsuba għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma ikunu waslu għand il-benefiċjarji aħħarija, li jkun sar progress lejn l-ilħuq tal-għanijiet tal-UE għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma u li l-istrateġiji għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma ikunu ġew implimentati.
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This is why it is necessary to put in place a robust monitoring mechanism with clear benchmarks which will ensure that tangible results are measured, that money directed to Roma integration has reached its final beneficiaries, that there is progress towards the achievement of the EU Roma integration goals and that national Roma integration strategies have been implemented.
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Il-Kummissjoni se tħejji rapport darba fis-sena lill-Parlament Ewropew u lill-Kunsill dwar il-progress fl-integrazzjoni tal-popolazzjoni Roma fl-Istati Membri u dwar l-ilħuq tal-għanijiet.
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The Commission will report annually to the European Parliament and to the Council on progress on the integration of the Roma population in Member States and on the achievement of the goals.
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Dan se jsir billi l-Kummissjoni tibni fuq il-proġett pilota ta’ stħarriġ dwar il-ħajja domestika tar-Roma li kien sar mill-Programm ta’ Żvilupp tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti b’koperazzjoni partikolari mal-Bank Dinji u mal-Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali[50]. Il-Kummissjoni tistieden lill-Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali biex twessa’ dan l-istħarriġ dwar ir-Roma fl-Istati Membri kollha u tagħmlu regolarment biex jitkejjel il-progress li jkun sar fil-post. Permezz ta’ ħidma ma’ korpi oħra rilevanti, bħall-Fondazzjoni Ewropea għat-titjib tal-Kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien u tax-xogħol, l-Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali se tiġbor dejta dwar is-sitwazzjoni tar-Roma fir-rigward tal-aċċess għall-impjiegi, għall-edukazzjoni, għall-kura tas-saħħa u għad-djar. Il-ġbir tad-dejta se jsir ukoll minn riċerka speċifika ffinanzjata mill-Programm tax-Xjenzi Soċjo-Ekonomiċi u l-Umanistika tas-Seba' Programm Kwadru għar-Riċerka. Matul dan il-proċess, il-Kummissjoni, l-Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali u korpi oħrajn tal-Unjoni, skont tal-Artikolu 4(2)TUE, se jirrispettaw l-identitajiet nazzjonali tal-Istati Membri li huma parti integrali mill-istrutturi fundamentali tagħhom, politiċi u kostituzzjonali, u inklużi fit-tmexxija reġjonali u fit-tmexxija tagħhom stess.
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The Commission will do so by building on the Roma household survey pilot project carried out by the United Nations Development Programme in cooperation particularly with the World Bank and the Fundamental Rights Agency[50]. The Commission requests the Fundamental Rights Agency to expand this survey on Roma to all Member States and to run it regularly to measure progress on the ground. The Fundamental Rights Agency, working together with other relevant bodies, such as the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, will collect data on the situation of Roma with respect to access to employment, education, healthcare and housing. Data collection will also be drawn from specific research funded by Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities Programme of the 7th Framework Programme. Throughout this process, the Commission, the Fundamental Rights Agency and other Union bodies will, in line with Article 4(2)TEU, respect the national identities of the Member States, inherent to their fundamental structures, political and constitutional, inclusive to their regional and self-government.
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Il-Kummissjoni se tqis ukoll il-ħidma kontinwa fi ħdan il-Metodu Miftuħ ta’ Koordinazzjoni fil-qasam tal-politiki soċjali u l-kontributi ta' Stati Membri oħra msejsa fuq is-sistemi tagħhom ta' monitoraġġ tal-integrazzjoni tar-Roma. Monitoraġġ fil-fond tal-implimentazzjoni tal-istrateġiji nazzjonali għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma mill-Istati Membri u mill-partijiet interessati, huwa metodu sod biex tiżdied it-trasparenza u r-responsabilità sabiex ikun żgurat li l-integrazzjoni tar-Roma ikollha impatti mill-iktar pożittivi.
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The Commission will also take into account ongoing work within the Open Method of Coordination in the field of social policies and other Member States contributions based on their own monitoring systems of Roma integration. The in-depth monitoring by Member States and stakeholders of the implementation of national Roma integration strategies is a sound method for enhancing transparency and accountability in order to ensure the most effective impacts of Roma integration.
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Il-programmi ta’ riforma nazzjonali flimkien mal-proċessi ta’ monitoraġġ u ta’ reviżjoni inter pares tal-istrateġija Ewropa 2020 għandhom ikunu għajn addizzjonali ta’ informazzjoni biex jiġi valutat il-progress u għandhom iservu ta’ gwida għall-Istati Membri.
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National reform programmes together with the monitoring and peer review process of the Europe 2020 strategy should be an additional source of information for assessing progress and giving guidance to Member States.
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Sabiex il-Kummissjoni tikseb dejta utli fuq tul ta’ żmien, hija se trawwem ukoll il-koperazzjoni bejn l-uffiċċji nazzjonali għall-istatistika u l-Eurostat sabiex ikun possibbli li jinstabu metodi biex jiġu identifikati l-mikroreġjuni l-inqas żviluppati tal-UE, fejn jgħixu l-gruppi l-iktar emarġinati, b'mod partikolari r-Roma. Dan il-metodu territorjali għall-ġbir tad-dejta għandu rilevanza diretta għall-ittrattar tal-faqar u l-esklużjoni tar-Roma. Barra minn hekk, l-Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali għandha taħdem mill-qrib mal-Istati Membri biex jiġu żviluppati metodi ta’ monitoraġġ li jistgħu jipprovdu analiżi komparattiva tas-sitwazzjoni tar-Roma madwar l-Ewropa.
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In order to get useful data in the long term, the Commission will also foster cooperation between national statistical offices and Eurostat so as to be able to identify methods to map the EU's least developed micro-regions, where the most marginalised groups live, and in particular Roma, as a first step. This territorial approach to data collection has a direct relevance to tackling Roma poverty and exclusion. In addition, the Fundamental Rights Agency should work with Member States to develop monitoring methods which can provide a comparative analysis of the situation of Roma across Europe.
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9. Konklużjoni: 10 snin biex tinħass id-differenza
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9. CONCLUSION: 10 YEARS TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE
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Il-Qafas tal-UE għall-Istrateġiji Nazzjonali għall-Integrazzjoni tar-Roma jipprovdi l-opportunità li l-forzi jingħaqdu fil-livelli kollha (UE, nazzjonali, reġjonali) u mal-partijiet interessati kollha, inklużi r-Roma, biex tiġi indirizzata waħda mill-iktar sfidi soċjali serji fl-Ewropa: it-tmiem tal-esklużjoni tar-Roma. Dan jikkomplimenta l-leġiżlazzjoni u l-politiki eżistenti tal-UE fl-oqsma tan-non-diskriminazzjoni, tad-drittijiet fundamentali, tal-moviment ħieles tal-persuni u tad-drittijiet tat-tfal[51]. Il-qafas jispjega l-għanijiet fuq il-livell tal-UE għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma li għandhom jintlaħqu fuq il-livell nazzjonali, reġjonali u lokali. Dawk l-għanijiet ambizzjużi jistgħu jintlaħqu biss jekk jittieħed impenn ċar mill-Istati Membri u mill-awtoritajiet nazzjonali, reġjonali u lokali flimkien mal-involviment tal-organizzazzjonijiet tas-soċjetà ċivili Roma.
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This EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies provides the opportunity for joining forces at all levels (EU, national, regional) and with all stakeholders, including the Roma, to address one of the most serious social challenges in Europe: putting an end to the exclusion of Roma. It is complementary to the existing EU legislation and policies in the areas of non-discrimination, fundamental rights, the free movement of persons, and the rights of the child[51]. The framework spells out EU level goals for Roma integration to be achieved at national, regional and local level. Those ambitious goals will only be reached if there is a clear commitment from Member States and national, regional and local authorities coupled with involvement of Roma civil society organisations.
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Il-Kummissjoni tistieden lill-Parlament Ewropew, lill-Kunsill Ewropew, lill-Kunsill, lill-Kumitat tar-Reġjuni u lill-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew biex japprovaw il-Qafas tal-UE għall-Istrateġiji Nazzjonali għall-Integrazzjoni tar-Roma. Għal iktar minn għaxar snin, l-istituzzjonijiet tal-UE appellaw b’mod regolari lill-Istati Membri u lill-pajjiżi li se jissieħbu biex itejbu l-integrazzjoni soċjali u ekonomika tar-Roma. Issa huwa ż-żmien biex l-intenzjonijiet tajba jinbidlu f’azzjonijiet iktar konkreti.
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The Commission invites the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the Committee of the Regions and the European Social an Economic Committee to endorse the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies. For over a decade, the EU institutions have been regularly calling on Member States and candidate countries to improve the social and economic integration of Roma. Now is the time to change good intentions into more concrete actions.
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Anness — Tabella miġbura u msejsa fuq dejta tal-Kunsill tal-Ewropa (http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/Romatravellers/default_en.asp)
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Annex — Table elaborated on the basis of Council of Europe's data (http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/default_en.asp)
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Il-figuri ttieħdu minn dokument imħejji mit-Taqsima Roma u Travellers tal-Kunsill tal-Ewropa |
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Figures taken from a document prepared by the Council of Europe Roma and Travellers Division |
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(Pajjiżi mhux Stati Membri tal-UE) |
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(Non-EU Member States) |
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Total fl-Ewropa | | | | | 11.256.900 | | | |*skont UNSCR 1244/99
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Total in Europe | | | | |11.256.900 | | | |*under UNSCR 1244/99
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[1] It-terminu “Roma” jintuża - bl-istess mod ta’ dokumenti politiċi oħrajn tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill Ewropew - bħala terminu ġenerali li jinkludi gruppi ta' persuni li għandhom bejn wieħed u ieħor l-istess karatteristiċi, bħas-Sinti, it-Travellers, il-Kalé, il-Gens du voyage, eċċ, kemm jekk huma sedentarji jew le; huwa stmat li madwar 80% tar-Roma huma sedentarji (SEC(2010)400).
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[1] The term “Roma” is used – similarly to other political documents of the European Parliament and the European Council – as an umbrella which includes groups of people who have more or less similar cultural characteristics, such as Sinti, Travellers, Kalé, Gens du voyage, etc. whether sedentary or not; around 80% of Roma are estimated to be sedentary (SEC(2010)400).
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[2] COM(2010) 133, p.5.
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[2] COM(2010) 133, p.5.
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[3] Fundación Secretariado Gitano, Is-saħħa u l-komunità tar-Roma, analiżi tas-sitwazzjoni fl-Ewropa, 2009 . Dan l-istudju jagħti ħarsa lejn il-Bulgarija, ir-Repubblika Ċeka, il-Greċja, il-Portugal, ir-Rumanija, is-Slovakkja u Spanja.
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[3] Fundación Secretariado Gitano, Health and the Roma community, analysis of the situation in Europe , 2009. The study looks at Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Spain.
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[4] Bank Dinji, l-Inklużjoni tar-Roma: Opportunità Ekonomika għall-Bulgarija, għar-Repubblika Ċeka u għas-Serbja, Settembru 2010.
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[4] World Bank, Roma Inclusion: An Economic Opportunity for Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Romania and Serbia, September 2010.
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[5] Fl-2011 hemm il-ħsieb li ssir Komunikazzjoni dwar Aġenda Ewropea għall-Integrazzjoni ta’ Ċittadini ta’ Pajjiżi Terzi.
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[5] A Communication on a European Agenda for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals is foreseen in 2011.
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[6] Bank Dinji, l-Inklużjoni tar-Roma: Opportunità Ekonomika għall-Bulgarija, għar-Repubblika Ċeka u għas-Serbja, Settembru 2010.
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[6] World Bank, Roma Inclusion: An Economic Opportunity for Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Romania and Serbia, September 2010.
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[7] It-Trattat dwar l-Unjoni Ewropea, l-Artikolu 2 u l-Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-Unjoni Ewropea, l-Artikolu 21.
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[7] Treaty on the European Union, Article 2 and Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Article 21.
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[8] COM (2010) 133, L-integrazzjoni soċjali u ekonomika tar-Roma fl-Ewropa.
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[8] COM(2010) 133, The social and economic integration of the Roma in Europe .
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[9] Id-Direttiva tal-Kunsill 2000/43/KE tad-29 ta' Ġunju 2000 li timplimenta l-prinċipju tat-trattament ugwali bejn il-persuni irrespettivament mill-oriġini tar-razza jew l-etniċità (ĠU L 180, 19.07.2009).
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[9] Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (OJ L 180, 19.7.2009).
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[10] COM(2010) 133, Taqsima 2.
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[10] COM(2010) 133, section 2.
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[11] Ir-Roma Task Force tal-Kummissjoni twaqqfet fis-7 ta' Settembru 2010 biex jiġi simplifikat, evalwat u mkejjel l-użu (inkluża l-effettività) tal-fondi tal-UE mill-Istati Membri kollha għall-integrazzjoni tar-Roma u biex jiġu identifikati d-dgħjufijiet li hemm fil-bażi tal-użu ta' dawn il-fondi.
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[11] The Commission Roma Task Force was created on 7 September 2010 to streamline, assess and benchmark the use (including the effectiveness) of EU funds by all Member States for Roma integration and identify underpinning deficiencies in the use of funds.
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[12] Ara l-istimi tal-Kunsill tal-Ewropa inklużi fl-Anness ta’ din il-Komunikazzjoni fil-paġna http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/Romatravellers/default_EN.asp.
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[12] See the estimates of the Council of Europe at http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/default_EN.asp, which are included in the Annex to this Communication.
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[13] Direttiva tal-Kunsill 2000/43/KE (ĠU L 180, 19.7.2000).
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[13] Council Directive 2000/43/EC ( OJ L 180 19.7.2000).
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[14] Pereżempju, it-Traveller Education Support Services (TESS) lokali tar-Renju Unit huwa servizz imfassal biex jintlaħaq livell ta' aċċess għall-edukazzjoni u ta' riżultati edukattivi indaqs għat-tfal Traveller u Roma. Eżempju ieħor huwa l-proġett JOBS for Roma fil-Bulgarija li joffri assistenza lir-Roma bla impjieg u appoġġ lin-negozjanti. Hemm eżempji oħra fir-Rapport tal-Kummissjoni “Intejbu l-għodda għall-inklużjoni soċjali u n-non-diskriminazzjoni tar-Roma fl-UE”, 2010. Ara wkoll il-Kummissjoni Ewropea, "Perspettivi internazzjonali dwar miżuri ta’ azzjoni pożittiva”, 2009.
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[14] For example, the United Kingdom's local Traveller Education Support Services (TESS) is a tailored service to achieve equal access to education and equal educational outcomes for Traveller and Roma children. Another example is the JOBS for Roma project in Bulgaria which offers assistance for unemployed Roma and support for entrepreneurs. Other examples can be found in the Commission's report "Improving the tools for the social inclusion and non-discrimination of Roma in the EU", 2010. See also European Commission, "International perspectives on positive action measures", 2009.
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[15] COM (2011) 11, Stħarriġ Annwali dwar it-Tkabbir: l-avvanz tar-rispons komprensiv tal-UE għall-kriżi.
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[15] COM(2011) 11, Annual Growth Survey: advancing the EU's comprehensive response to the crisis.
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[16] Minn seba’ inizjattivi prinċipali, l-iktar rilevanti f’dan il-kuntest huma l-Pjattaforma Ewropea kontra l-Faqar u l-Esklużjoni Soċjali, l-Aġenda għal Ħiliet u Impjiegi ġodda u l-Unjoni ta’ Innovazzjoni.
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[16] Out of seven flagship initiatives, the most relevant in this context are the European Platform against Poverty and Social Exclusion , An Agenda for New Skills and Jobs and the Innovation Union .
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[17] Fir-rigward tal-edukazzjoni sekondarja, kif stmat fuq il-bażi tal-Istħarriġ tal-2008 tal-Open Society Institute (OSI), l-attendenza tar-Roma huwa ta’ madwar 10% (hemm dejta disponibbli biss fir-rigward ta’ seba’ Stati Membri).
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[17] As regards secondary education, the Roma attendance is about 10% as estimated on the basis of the Open Society Institute (OSI) Survey 2008 (data available for seven Member States).
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[18] Stħarriġ dwar il-popolazzjoni li taħdem, 2009 - http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/microdata/lfs
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[18] Labour Force Survey, 2009 - http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/microdata/lfs
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[19] Open Society Institute, International Comparative Data Set on Roma Education , 2008. Id-Dejta dwar l-edukazzjoni primarja hija disponibbli għal 6 Stati Membri: il-Bulgarija, l-Ungerija, il-Latvja, ir-Romanija u s-Slovakkja. il-medja kkalkulata għal dawn l-Istati Membri hija 42%.
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[19] Open Society Institute, International Comparative Data Set on Roma Education , 2008. Data on primary education is available for 6 Member States: Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Slovakia. 42% is the weighted average for these Member States.
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[20] COM(2011) 66.
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[20] COM(2011) 66.
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[21] Proġett pilota: “Bidu tajjeb: inżidu l-aċċess għal servizzi ta’ kwalità għat-tfal Roma”.
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[21] Pilot project: "A Good Start: scaling-up access to quality services for young Roma children".
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[22] F’dan il-kuntest, għandu jiġi esplorat b’mod attiv l-użu potenzjali ta’ metodi innovattivi bħal aċċess għat-tagħlim u għall-iżivlupp ta’ ħiliet imsejjes fuq ICT.
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[22] In this context, the potential use of innovative approaches such as ICT-based access to learning and skill acquisition should be actively explored.
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[23] COM(2011) 11, Anness 3, Abbozz ta’ Rapport Konġunt dwar l-Impjiegi. Ara wkoll Stħarriġ dwar il-Popolazzjoni li Taħdem, 2009: fl-2009 ir-rata tal-impjiegi kienet 62.5% għan-nisa u 75.8% għall-irġiel -http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=t2020_10
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[23] COM(2011) 11, Annex 3, Draft Joint Employment Report . See also Labour Force Survey, 2009: for 2009 the employment rate was 62.5% for women, 75.8% for men -http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=t2020_10
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[24] Bank Dinji, op.cit.
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[24] World Bank, op.cit.
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[25] Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet tal-Bniedem, Stħarriġ dwar il-Minoritajiet fl-Unjoni Ewropea u d-Diskriminazzjoni, Rapport tar-Riżultati Prinċipali, 2009.
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[25] Fundamental Rights Agency, European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey, Main Results Report, 2009.
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[26] http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/dataset?p_product_code=TSDPH100
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[26] http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/dataset?p_product_code=TSDPH100
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[27] COM(2009) 567, Is-Solidarjetà fis-Saħħa : it-Tnaqqis tal-Inugwaljanzi fis-Settur tas-Saħħa fl-UE . Ara wkoll Fundacion Secretariado Gitano, op cit. u Sepkowitz K, ‘Health of the World’s Roma population’, 2006, imsejjes fuq is-sitwazzjoni fir-Repubblika Ċeka, fl-Irlanda, fis-Slovakkja u fil-Bulgarija.
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[27] COM(2009) 567, Solidarity in Health: Reducing Health Inequalities in the EU . See also Fundación Secretariado Gitano, op cit. and Sepkowitz K, "Health of the World's Roma population", 2006, based on the situation in the Czech Republic, Ireland, Slovakia and Bulgaria.
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[28] Il-proporzjon tal-għadd ta’ mwiet kull sena ta’ tfal taħt l-età ta’ sena mal-għadd ta’ twelid ta’ trabi ħajjin fl-istess sena. Data Eurostat, 2009 -http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=demo_minfind&lang=en
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[28] Ratio of the number of deaths of children under one year of age during the year, to the number of live births in that year. Eurostat Data, 2009 -http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=demo_minfind&lang=en
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[29] UNDP, Ir-Roma fl-Ewropa Ċentrali u tal-Lvant, Nevitaw id-Dipendenza, 2003. Il-Bulgarija, ir-Rumanija, is-Slovakkja, l-Ungerija u r-Repubblika Ċeka. Equality and Human Rights Commission, Inequalities Experienced by Gypsy and Traveller Communities: A review, 2009.
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[29] UNDP, The Roma in Central and Eastern Europe, Avoiding the Dependency Trap, 2003. Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Equality and Human Rights Commission, Inequalities Experienced by Gypsy and Traveller Communities: A review, 2009.
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[30] Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet tal-Bniedem, Stħarriġ dwar il-Minoritajiet fl-Unjoni Ewropea u d-Diskriminazzjoni, Rapport tar-Riżultati Prinċipali, 2009.
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[30] Fundamental Rights Agency, European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey, Main Results Report, 2009.
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[31] Fundacion Secretariado Gitano, op.cit. Ara wkoll University of Sheffield, The Health Status of Gypsies and Travellers in England, 2004.
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[31] Fundación Secretariado Gitano, op.cit. See also University of Sheffield, The Health Status of Gypsies and Travellers in England, 2004.
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[32] Dejta tal-Eurostat, 2002 - http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/8-21032006-AP/EN/8-21032006-AP-EN.PDF )
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[32] Eurostat data, 2002 - http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/8-21032006-AP/EN/8-21032006-AP-EN.PDF
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[33] Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali, Il-kundizzjonijiet tad-djar tar-Roma u tat-Travellers fl-Unjoni Ewropea, Rapport Komparattiv, 2009.
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[33] Fundamental Rights Agency, Housing conditions of Roma and Travellers in the European Union, Comparative Report, 2009.
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[34] Id-Deċennju tal-Inklużjoni tar-Roma 2005-2015 huwa inizjattiva internazzjonali li jgħaqqad il-gvernijiet, l-organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali msieħba u s-soċjetà ċivili biex jitħaffef il-progress fl-inklużjoni tar-Roma u biex issir reviżjoni tal-istess progress b’mod trasparenti u kwantifikabbli. It-12-il pajjiż li bħalissa qed jipparteċipaw fid-Deċennju huma l-Bulgarija, ir-Repubblika Ċeka, l-Ungerija, ir-Rumanija, is-Slovakkja, Spanja kif ukoll l-Albanija, il-Bożnja u l-Ħerżegovina, il-Kroazja, dik li kienet ir-Repubblika Jugożlava tal-Maċedonja, il-Montenegro u s-Serbja. Is-Slovenja għandha status ta’ osservatur. L-organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali msieħba tad-Deċennju huma l-Bank Dinji, l-OSI, il-UNDP, il-Kunsill tal-Ewropa, il-Bank tal-Iżvilupp tal-Kunsill tal-Ewropa, l-OSCE, l-ERIO, il-UN-HABITAT, il-UNHCR u l-UNICEF.
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[34] The Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005–2015 is an international initiative that brings together governments, international partner organisations and civil society, to accelerate progress towards Roma inclusion and review such progress in a transparent and quantifiable way. The twelve countries currently taking part in the Decade are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Spain as well as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYROM, Montenegro and Serbia. Slovenia has observer status. The international partner organisations of the Decade are the World Bank, OSI, UNDP, Council of Europe, Council of Europe Development Bank, OSCE, ERIO, ERTF, ERRC, UN-HABITAT, UNHCR, and UNICEF.
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[35] Ara l-istimi tal-Kunsill tal-Ewropa inklużi fl-Anness ta’ din il-Komunikazzjoni fil-paġna http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/Romatravellers/default_EN.asp.
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[35] See the estimates of the Council of Europe at http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/default_EN.asp, which are included in the Annex to this Communication.
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[36] L-10 Prinċipji Bażiċi tal-Inklużjoni tar-Roma ġew ippreżentati fl-ewwel lagħqa tal-Pjattaforma fl-24 ta’ April 2009. Kienu annessi mal-konklużjonijiet tal-Kunsill tat-8 ta’ Ġunju 2009. Dawn jinkludu: 1) politiki kostruttivi, prammatiċi u mhux diskriminatorji 2) iffukar espliċitu imma mhux esklużiv 3) metodu interkulturali 4) iffukar fuq l-issimplifikar u l-ġeneralizzazzjoni 5) kuxjenza dwar il-ġens 6) trasferiment ta’ politiki msejsa fuq l-evidenza 7) l-użu ta’ strumenti tal-UE 8) l-involviment tal-awtoritajiet reġjonali u lokali 9) l-involviment tas-soċjetà ċivili 10) il-parteċipazzjoni attiva tar-Roma.
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[36] The 10 Common Basic Principles on Roma Inclusion were presented at the first Platform meeting on 24 April 2009. They were annexed to the Council conclusions of 8 June 2009. They comprise: 1) constructive, pragmatic and non-discriminatory policies 2) explicit but not exclusive targeting 3) inter-cultural approach 4) aiming for the mainstream 5) awareness of the gender dimension 6) transfer of evidence-based policies 7) use of EU instruments 8) involvement of regional and local authorities 9) involvement of civil society 10) active participation of Roma.
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[37] Fir-rigward tal-Fond Soċjali Ewropew, ġew allokati EUR 9.6 biljuni fil-perjodu mill-2007 sal-2013 għal miżuri iffukati fuq l-inklużjoni soċjo-ekonomika ta’ persuni żvantaġġjati – fosthom ir-Roma emarġinati – u EUR 172 miljun allokati b'mod espliċitu għal azzjonijiet li jiffukaw fuq l-integrazzjoni tar-Roma. Fir-rigward tal-Fond Ewropew għall-Iżvilupp Reġjonali (FEŻR), hemm iktar minn EUR 16.8 biljun maħsuba għall-infrastruttura soċjali.
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[37] For the European Social Fund, ¬ 9.6 billion have been allocated in the period 2007-2013 for measures targeting socio-economic inclusion of disadvantaged people
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[38] COM(2010) 133.
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[39] Konklużjonijiet tal-Kunsill tas-7 ta’ Ġunju 2010, 10058/10+COR 1.
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[40] Ir-Regolament tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill Nru 437/2010, (ĠU L 132, 29.5.2010). Fid-9 ta’ Frar 2011 il-Kummissjoni ħarġet nota ta’ gwida dwar l-implimentazzjoni ta’ interventi integrati fil-qasam tad-djar favur il-komunitajiet emarġinati taħt il-FEŻR, li ġiet approvata mill-Kumitat għall-Koordinazzjoni tal-Fondi.
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[41] COM(2010) 110, Il-politika ta’ koeżjoni: Rapport Strateġiku 2010 dwar l-implimentazzjoni tal-programmi 2007-2013 u SEG(2010) 360, irrapporta li l-Istati Membri użaw biss medja ta' 31% tal-allokazzjonijiet tagħhom biex jappoġġjaw il-preparazzjoni, l-implimentazzjoni u l-monitoraġġ tal-politika ta' koeżjoni.
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[42] Skont ir-Regolament tal-Kunsill Nru 1083/2006, l-Artikoli 42 u 43 relatati mal-għotjiet globali, (ĠU L 210, 31.7.2006).
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[43] Il-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew għandu netwerk ta’ punti ta’ kuntatt nazzjonali fis-soċjetà organizzata ċivili permezz ta’ kumitati nazzjonali Ekonomiċi u Soċjali u organizzazzjonijiet simili.
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[44] Ir-Regolament tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill Nru 283/2010/UE tal-25 ta’ Marzu 2010.
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[45] Pereżempju, il-Kummissjoni diġà tappoġġja l-Kiútprogram, proġett pilota żgħir li għandu fil-mira tiegħu l-komunità Roma fl-Ungerija, li jipprovdi mikrokreditu relattivament żgħir.
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[46] Fil-Linji gwida Integrati dwar il-politika ekonomika u tal-impjiegi (nru 10) hemm referenza espliċita għar-Roma. Barra minn hekk, l-inizjattiva prinċipali “Pjattaforma kontra l-Faqar u l-Esklużjoni Soċjali” tispjega l-metodu ta' kif għanda tiġi indirizzata l-integrazzjoni tar-Roma fil-politika globali tal-ġlieda kontra l-faqar u l-esklużjoni soċjali. Linji gwida oħrajn fil-qasam tal-politiki dwar l-impjieg, jippromwovu l-impjegabilità li tgħin fl-integrazzjoni soċjo-ekonomika tal-poplu Roma.
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[47] COM (2010) 700, Ir-Reviżjoni tal-Baġit tal-UE.
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[48] COM (2010) 660, L-Istrateġija ta’ Tkabbir u l-Isfidi Ewlenin 2010-2011.
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[49] L-ewwel laqgħa tal-Pjattaforma saret fl-2009, wara l-konklużjonijiet tal-Kunsill Affarijiet Ġenerali tat-8 ta’ Diċembru 2008, li stieden lill-Kummissjoni biex torganizza skambju ta’ prattiki tajba u ta’ esperjenzi bejn l-Istati membri fil-qasam tal-inklużjoni tar-Roma, biex tipprovdi appoġġ analitiku u tistimula l-koperazzjoni bejn il-partijiet kollha milquta mill-kwistjonijiet tar-Roma, inklużi l-organizzazzjonijiet li jirrappreżentaw ir-Roma, fil-kuntest ta’ pjattaforma Ewropea integrata. Il-konklużjonijiet tal-Kunsill Affarijiet Ġenerali 15976/1/08 REV 1.
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[50] Stħarriġ UNDP, kofinanzjat mid-DĠ REGIO u żviluppat b’koperazzjoni mad-DĠ REGIO, mal-Aġenzija għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali, mal-Bank Dinji u mal-OSI (Rebbiegħa 2011 - ir-riżultati fil-Ħarifa): ġie kopert 11-il Stat Membru (il-Bulgarija, ir-Repubblika Ċeka, il-Greċja, l-Ungerija, il-Polonja, ir-Romanija, is-Slovakkja, Franza, l-Italja, Spanja u l-Portugall).
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[51] COM (2011) 60, Aġenda tal-UE dwar id-Drittijiet tat-Tfal.
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