[pic] | EUROPEAN COMMISSION |

[pic] | EVROPSKA KOMISIJA |

Brussels, 10.11.2010

Bruselj, 10.11.2010

COM(2010) 639 final

COM(2010) 639 konč.

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ

Energy 2020 A strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy

Energija 2020Strategija za konkurenčno, trajnostno in zanesljivo oskrbo z energijo

{SEC(2010) 1346}

SEC(2010) 1346

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ

Energy 2020A strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy

Energija 2020Strategija za konkurenčno, trajnostno in zanesljivo oskrbo z energijo

INTRODUCTION

Uvod

The price of failure is too high.

Neuspeha si ne moremo privoščiti.

Energy is the life blood of our society. The well-being of our people, industry and economy depends on safe, secure, sustainable and affordable energy. At the same time, energy related emissions account for almost 80% of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions. The energy challenge is thus one of the greatest tests which Europe has to face. It will take decades to steer our energy systems onto a more secure and sustainable path. Yet the decisions to set us on the right path are needed urgently as failing to achieve a well-functioning European energy market will only increase the costs for consumers and put Europe’s competitiveness at risk.

Energija je življenjska sila naše družbe. Blaginja ljudi, industrije in gospodarstva je odvisna od varne, zanesljive, trajnostne in cenovno dostopne energije. Hkrati pa z energijo povezane emisije predstavljajo skoraj 80 % vseh emisij toplogrednih plinov v EU. Vprašanje energije je tako eden od največjih izzivov, ki čakajo Evropo. Desetletja bo trajalo, da bodo naši energetski sistemi postali zanesljivejši in bolj trajnostni. Še vedno nujno potrebujemo odločitve, ki nas bodo usmerile na pravo pot, kajti če ne bomo dosegli dobro delujočega evropskega energetskega trga, bo to povišalo stroške za potrošnike in ogrozilo konkurenčnost Evrope.

Over the next ten years, energy investments in the order of € 1 trillion are needed, both to diversify existing resources and replace equipment and to cater for challenging and changing energy requirements. Structural changes in energy supply, partly resulting from changes in indigenous production, oblige European economies to choose among energy products and infrastructures. These choices will be felt over the next 30 years and more. To enable these decisions to be taken urgently calls for an ambitious policy framework. Postponing these decisions will have immeasurable repercussions on society as regards both longer-term costs and security.

V naslednjih desetih letih bodo na področju energetike potrebne naložbe v višini 1 000 milijard EUR za povečanje raznovrstnosti sedanjih virov in zamenjavo opreme ter za zadostitev spreminjajočim se potrebam po energiji, ki predstavljajo vse večji izziv. Zaradi strukturnih sprememb v oskrbi z energijo, ki so deloma posledica sprememb v domači proizvodnji, morajo evropska gospodarstva izbirati med energetskimi proizvodi in infrastrukturami. Posledice teh odločitev se bodo občutile v naslednjih 30 letih in še pozneje. Za hitro sprejetje teh odločitev je potreben ambiciozen okvir politike. Prelaganje teh odločitev bo imelo neizmerne posledice za družbo v smislu dolgoročnejših stroškov in zanesljivosti oskrbe.

A common EU energy policy has evolved around the common objective to ensure the uninterrupted physical availability of energy products and services on the market, at a price which is affordable for all consumers (private and industrial), while contributing to the EU's wider social and climate goals. The central goals for energy policy (security of supply, competitiveness, and sustainability) are now laid down in the Lisbon Treaty[1]. This spells out clearly what is expected from Europe in the energy area. While some progress has been made towards these goals, Europe's energy systems are adapting too slowly, while the scale of the challenges grows. Forthcoming enlargements of the EU will make this challenge even greater as the Union takes in countries with outdated infrastructure and less competitive energy economies.

Skupna energetska politika se je razvijala okoli skupnega cilja, da se na trgu zagotovi nemotena fizična razpoložljivost energetskih proizvodov in storitev po ceni, ki je dostopna vsem potrošnikom (zasebnim in industrijskim) ter ki hkrati prispeva s širšim družbenim in podnebnim ciljem EU. Glavni cilji energetske politike (zanesljivost oskrbe, konkurenčnost in trajnost) so zdaj določeni v Lizbonski pogodbi[1]. Tako je jasno, kaj se pričakuje od Evrope na področju energije. Pri doseganju teh ciljev je bil sicer že dosežen določen napredek, vendar se energetski sistemi v Evropi prilagajajo prepočasi, medtem ko izzivi postajajo vse večji. S prihodnjimi širitvami EU bodo ti izzivi postali še večji, saj bodo k Uniji pristopile države z zastarelo infrastrukturo in gospodarstvi, ki so na področju energije manj konkurenčni.

The European Council adopted in 2007 ambitious energy and climate change objectives for 2020 – to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20%, rising to 30% if the conditions are right[2], to increase the share of renewable energy to 20% and to make a 20% improvement in energy efficiency. The European Parliament has continuously supported these goals. The European Council has also given a long term commitment to the decarbonisation path with a target for the EU and other industrialised countries of 80 to 95% cuts in emissions by 2050.

Evropski svet je leta 2007 sprejel ambiciozne cilje na področju energije in podnebnih sprememb za leto 2020: zmanjšati emisije toplogrednih plinov za 20 % in ob ustreznih pogojih celo za 30 %[2], povečati delež obnovljive energije na 20 % in izboljšati energetsko učinkovitost za 20 %. Evropski parlament je stalno podpiral te cilje. Poleg tega je Evropski svet sprejel dolgoročno zavezo za dekarbonizacijo, pri čemer naj bi EU in druge industrijske države zmanjšale svoje emisije za 80 do 95 % do leta 2050.

Nevertheless, the existing strategy is currently unlikely to achieve all the 2020 targets, and it is wholly inadequate to the longer term challenges. EU energy and climate goals have been incorporated into the Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth[3], adopted by the European Council in June 2010, and into its flagship initiative ‘Resource efficient Europe’. The urgent task for the EU is to agree the tools which will make the necessary shift possible and thus ensure that Europe can emerge from recession on a more competitive, secure and sustainable path.

Vseeno pa se s sedanjo strategijo najverjetneje ne bodo dosegli vsi cilji za leto 2020 in je povsem neprimerna za dolgoročnejše izzive. Energetski in podnebni cilji EU so bili vključeni v strategijo Evropa 2020 za pametno, trajnostno in vključujočo rast[3], ki jo je Evropski svet sprejel junija 2010, in v vodilno pobudo „Evropa, gospodarna z viri“. EU se mora nujno dogovoriti o instrumentih, ki bodo omogočili potreben premik ter tako zagotovili konkurenčnejšo, zanesljivejšo in bolj trajnostno pot Evrope iz recesije.

Despite the importance of energy policy aims, there are serious gaps in delivery.

Pri uresničevanju ciljev energetske politike kljub njihovi pomembnosti obstajajo velike pomanjkljivosti.

The internal energy market is still fragmented and has not achieved its potential for transparency, accessibility and choice. Companies have grown beyond national borders, but their development is still hampered by a host of different national rules and practices. There are still many barriers to open and fair competition[4]. A recent study into consumer conditions in retail electricity markets indicates sub-optimal consumer choice[5]. Implementation of internal market legislation is disappointing, with over 40 infringement procedures underway on the second internal energy market package from 2003 alone.

Notranji energetski trg je še vedno razdrobljen, njegov potencial v zvezi s transparentnostjo, dostopnostjo in možnostmi izbire pa do zdaj še ni bil izkoriščen. Podjetja so razširila svoje poslovanje preko nacionalnih meja, vendar njihov razvoj še vedno ovira veliko različnih nacionalnih pravil in praks. Še vedno obstaja veliko ovir za odprto in pošteno konkurenco[4]. Nedavna študija razmer za potrošnike na maloprodajnih trgih električne energije je pokazala, da možnosti izbire potrošnikov niso optimalne[5]. Izvajanje zakonodaje o notranjem trgu ni izpolnilo pričakovanj, saj samo od leta 2003 teče več kot 40 postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev v zvezi z drugim paketom o notranjem energetskem trgu.

The security of internal energy supplies is undermined by delays in investments and technological progress[6]. Currently, nearly 45% of European electricity generation is based on low-carbon energy sources, mainly nuclear and hydropower. Parts of the EU could lose more than a third of their generation capacity by 2020 because of the limited life-time of these installations. This means replacing and expanding existing capacities, finding secure non-fossil fuel alternatives, adapting networks to renewable energy sources and achieving a truly integrated internal energy market. At the same time Member States still need to phase out environmentally harmful subsidies.

Zanesljivost notranje oskrbe z energijo ovirajo zamude pri naložbah in tehnološkem napredku[6]. Trenutno 45 % proizvodnje električne energije v Evropi temelji na nizkoogljičnih virih energije, predvsem na jedrskih in vodnih. Proizvodna zmogljivost v nekaterih delih EU bi se lahko do leta 2020 zmanjšala za več kot eno tretjino zaradi omejene življenjske dobe njihove infrastrukture. To pomeni, da je treba zamenjati in povečati obstoječe zmogljivosti, najti zanesljive nefosilne alternative za goriva, prilagoditi omrežja obnovljivim virom energije in doseči resnično integriran notranji energetski trg. Hkrati pa morajo države članice postopoma odpraviti okolju škodljive subvencije.

The quality of National Energy Efficiency Action Plans, developed by Member States since 2008, is disappointing, leaving vast potential untapped. The move towards renewable energy use and greater energy efficiency in transport is happening too slowly. While we are broadly on track for the 20% target for renewable, we are a long way from achieving the objective set for energy efficiency.

Kakovost nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov za energetsko učinkovitost, ki so jih države članice izdelale od leta 2008, je nezadovoljiva in tako na tem področju ostaja veliko potenciala neizkoriščenega. Prehod na uporabo obnovljive energije in povečevanje energetske učinkovitosti na področju prometa potekata prepočasi. Kar zadeva 20-odstotni cilj za obnovljivo energijo, na splošno dobro napredujemo, od uresničitve cilja za energetsko učinkovitost pa smo še zelo daleč.

At an international level, little heed is paid to warnings about tight oil supply in the future[7]. Despite serious gas supply crises that have acted as a wake-up call, exposing Europe’s vulnerability, there is still no common approach towards partner, supplier or transit countries. The potential for further development of EU indigenous fossil fuel resources, including unconventional gas, exists and the role they will play must be assessed in all objectivity.

Na mednarodni ravni se opozorilom o pomanjkanju nafte v prihodnosti namenja le malo pozornosti[7]. Kljub resnim krizam v oskrbi s plinom, ki so služile kot opozorilo in razkrile ranljivost Evrope, še vedno ni skupnega pristopa glede partnerskih držav, držav dobaviteljic ali tranzitnih držav. Možnosti za nadaljnji razvoj domačih virov fosilnih goriv v EU, vključno z nekonvencionalnim plinom, obstajajo in treba je objektivno oceniti vlogo, ki jo bodo imeli.

Member States’ energy interdependence requires more European action.

Energetska soodvisnost držav članic zahteva, da Evropa stori več.

The EU is the level at which energy policy should be developed. Decisions on energy policy taken by one Member State inevitably have an impact on other Member States. The optimum energy mix, including the swift development of renewables, needs a continental market at least. Energy is the market sector where the greatest economic efficiencies can be made on a pan-European scale. Fragmented markets not only undermine security of supply, they also limit the benefits which energy market competition can bring. The time has come for energy policy to become truly European.

Raven EU je tista, na kateri je treba razviti energetsko politiko. Odločitve o energetski politiki, ki jih sprejme ena država članica, neizogibno vplivajo na druge države članice. Za optimalno mešanico virov energije, vključno s hitrim razvojem obnovljivih virov, je potreben vsaj celinski trg. Energetski trg je tržni sektor, kjer je največjo gospodarsko učinkovitost mogoče doseči na vseevropski ravni. Razdrobljeni trgi zmanjšujejo zanesljivost oskrbe in omejujejo koristi konkurence na energetskem trgu. Čas je, da energetska politika postane resnično evropska.

The EU must remain an attractive market for companies at a time of increasing competition on energy resources worldwide. The new European energy strategy must support the integrated industrial approach just presented by the European Commission[8], in particular since energy remains an important cost factor for industry[9]. The EU must also consolidate its competitiveness in energy technology markets. The share of renewable energy in the EU energy mix has risen steadily to some 10% of the gross final energy consumption in 2008. In 2009, 62% of newly installed electricity generation capacity in the EU was from renewable sources, mainly wind and solar. However, Europe’s lead is challenged. The independent 2010 Renewable Energy Attractiveness Index[10] now cites the US and China as the best investment opportunities for renewable energy. New stimulus is needed; more than ever is EU leadership called to address these challenges.

EU mora ostati privlačen trg za podjetja v času vse večje svetovne konkurence na področju virov energije. Nova evropska energetska strategija mora podpirati celosten industrijski pristop, ki ga je pred kratkim predstavila Evropska komisija[8], zlasti zato, ker je energija za industrijo še vedno pomemben stroškovni dejavnik[9]. EU mora tudi utrditi svojo konkurenčnost na trgih energetskih tehnologij. Delež obnovljive energije v mešanici energije v EU se je stalno povečeval do približno 10 % bruto končne porabe energije leta 2008. Leta 2009 je 62 % novih zmogljivosti za proizvodnjo električne energije v EU temeljilo na obnovljivih virih, zlasti vetru in soncu. Vendar je vodilna vloga Evrope postavljena pred izziv. Po neodvisnem indeksu Renewable Energy Attractiveness Index 2010[10] nudijo ZDA in Kitajska najboljše priložnosti za naložbe v obnovljivo energijo. Potrebna je nova spodbuda in bolj kot kdaj koli prej vodilna vloga EU, da se rešijo ti izzivi.

In international energy affairs, the EU could be much stronger and effective if it took charge of its common interest and ambition. Despite accounting for one fifth of the world’s energy use, the EU continues to have less influence on international energy markets than its economic weight would suggest. Global energy markets are becoming tighter, with developing Asian countries and the Middle East accounting for most of the growth in global demand[11]. As the world's largest energy importer, the EU is likely to be more vulnerable to supply risks as a result.

Na mednarodnem energetskem področju bi lahko bila EU veliko močnejša in učinkovitejša, če bi se zavzela za svoje skupne interese in ambiciozne cilje. Čeprav njena poraba energije predstavlja eno petino porabe energije na svetu, je njen vpliv na mednarodnih energetskih trgih še vedno manjši, kot bi predpostavljali glede na njeno gospodarsko težo. Na globalnih energetskih trgih prihaja do pomanjkanja, pri čemer azijske in bližnjevzhodne države v razvoju predstavljajo večino povečanja svetovnega povpraševanja[11]. Zato bo EU kot največja uvoznica energije na svetu verjetno postala še bolj občutljiva na tveganja v zvezi z oskrbo.

The inclusion of energy policy in the EU Treaty calls for a new outlook.

Vključitev energetske politike v Pogodbo EU zahteva novo perspektivo.

We must build on what we have achieved, and be bold in our ambition.

Graditi moramo na svojih dosežkih in si postavljati drzne cilje.

The EU cannot afford to fail in its energy ambitions. Therefore the Commission proposes a new energy strategy towards 2020. This will consolidate the measures which have been taken so far and step up activity in areas where new challenges are emerging. It is the result of extensive debates within the EU institutions and wide-ranging public consultations.

EU si ne more privoščiti, da ne bi izpolnila svojih energetskih ciljev. Komisija zato predlaga novo energetsko strategijo za obdobje do leta 2020, s katero se bodo utrdili do zdaj sprejeti ukrepi in pospešile dejavnosti na področjih, kjer se pojavljajo novi izzivi. Strategija je rezultat obširnih razprav v institucijah EU in obsežnih javnih posvetovanj.

The focus here is not on a comparative analysis of different energy sources, rather the steps which are required to deliver Europe's medium term policy objectives. Various scenarios in terms of energy mix will be presented in the forthcoming energy roadmap 2050, which will describe ways of achieving Europe’s long-term decarbonisation goal and their implications for energy policy decisions. This strategy sets out initial policy decisions which will be needed to meet our 2020 energy objectives as they currently stand. The 2050 low carbon economy and energy roadmaps will further inform and guide this programme of action and its implementation by offering a long term vision.

Njen poudarek ni na primerjalni analizi različnih virov energije, temveč na ukrepih, ki so potrebni, da bo Evropa izpolnila svoje srednjeročne cilje politike. V napovedanem časovnem načrtu za energijo za obdobje do leta 2050 bodo opisani načini za uresničitev dolgoročnega cilja Evrope v zvezi z dekarbonizacijo in kaj to pomeni za odločitve v zvezi z energetsko politiko ter predstavljeni različni scenariji za mešanico virov energije. V tej strategiji so predstavljene prve odločitve o politiki, ki bodo potrebne za izpolnitev trenutno postavljenih energetskih ciljev za leto 2020. Časovni načrti za nizkoogljično gospodarstvo in energijo za obdobje do leta 2050 bodo z informacijami in smernicami dopolnjevali ta program ukrepov in njegovo izvajanje ter zagotavljali dolgoročno vizijo.

We urgently need far-reaching changes in energy production, use and supply.

Na področju pridobivanja in porabe energije ter oskrbe z njo nujno potrebujemo daljnosežne spremembe.

First and foremost, the strategy underlines the need to rebalance energy actions in favour of a demand-driven policy, empowering consumers and decoupling economic growth from energy use. In particular, the transport and construction industries must pursue an active energy savings policy and diversify towards non-polluting energy sources. Beyond the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), the strategy should help create market conditions which stimulate higher energy savings and more low carbon investments, to exploit a wide range of centralised and distributed renewable energy as well as key technologies for energy storage and electro-mobility (notably electric vehicles and public transport).

V strategiji je izpostavljeno predvsem dejstvo, da je treba na novo uravnotežiti ukrepe na področju energije v korist na povpraševanju temelječe politike, da se bo z njimi okrepila moč potrošnikov in gospodarska rast ločila od porabe energije. Zlasti prometni in gradbeni sektor morata izvajati aktivno politiko varčevanja z energijo in se preusmeriti na čiste vire energije. Poleg sistema za trgovanje z emisijami (Emissions Trading Scheme – ETS) bi morala strategija prispevati k ustvarjanju tržnih pogojev, ki spodbujajo večje prihranke energije in več naložb v nizkoogljične tehnologije, in k izkoriščanju različne centralizirane in distribuirane obnovljive energije ter ključnih tehnologij za shranjevanje energije in elektromobilnost (zlasti električna vozila in javni prevoz).

Energy policy is a key contribution for achieving the objective of the new strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in support of a strong, diversified and competitive industrial base. In this context, Europe has to acknowledge that its industrial base is in need of all sectors across the entire value chain.

Energetska politika je bistvenega pomena za doseganje cilja nove strategije za pametno, trajnostno in vključujočo rast, ki je podlaga za močno, raznoliko in konkurenčno industrijsko bazo. V zvezi s tem mora Evropa priznati, da njena industrijska baza potrebuje vse sektorje v celotni vrednostni energiji.

Public authorities have to lead by example. Each year, 16% of EU GDP, around € 1,500 billion, is spent by public authorities. Public procurement rules should insist on efficiency conditions to increase energy savings and spread innovative solutions, notably in buildings and transport. The potential of market-based and other policy instruments, including taxation, to enhance energy efficiency should be fully exploited.

Javni organi morajo dajati zgled. Ti vsako leto porabijo približno 1 500 milijard EUR, kar je 16 % BDP EU. V pravilih o javnih naročilih bi bilo treba dajati poudarek merilom za energetsko učinkovitost, da bi se povečali prihranki energije in širile inovativne rešitve, zlasti na področju stavb in prometa. Možnosti tržnih instrumentov in drugih instrumentov politike, vključno z obdavčevanjem, je treba v celoti izkoristiti za povečanje energetske učinkovitosti.

On the supply side, the priority must continue to be the development of secure and competitive sources of energy. In the field of electricity generation, investments should lead to nearly two thirds of the electricity coming from low carbon sources by the early 2020's, the current level being 45%. In this context, priority should be given to renewable energies. The strategy must provide a framework at EU level which, while respecting national differences, would not only allow Member States to outperform their respective targets, but also ensure that the renewable energy sources and technologies are economically competitive by 2020.

Kar zadeva oskrbo, mora razvoj zanesljivih in konkurenčnih virov energije ostati prednostna naloga. Na področju pridobivanja električne energije bi bilo treba z naložbami doseči, da se do začetka 2020-ih let dve tretjini električne energije pridobi iz nizkoogljičnih virov (zdaj 45 %). Pri tem bi morala biti obnovljiva energija prednostna naloga. Strategija mora zagotoviti okvir na ravni EU, ki bi ob upoštevanju nacionalnih razlik državam članicam dopuščal, da presežejo svoje zadevne cilje, in zagotovil tudi, da obnovljivi viri energije in tehnologije postanejo do leta 2020 gospodarsko konkurenčni.

The contribution of nuclear energy, which currently generates around one third of EU electricity and two thirds of its carbon-free electricity, must be assessed openly and objectively. The full provisions of the Euratom Treaty must be applied rigorously, in particular in terms of safety. Given the renewed interest in this form of generation in Europe and worldwide, research must be pursued on radioactive waste management technologies and their safe implementation, as well as preparing the longer term future through development of next generation fission systems, for increased sustainability and cogeneration of heat and electricity, and nuclear fusion (ITER).

Uporabo jedrske energije, s katero se trenutno proizvede približno ena tretjina električne energije EU in dve tretjini brezogljične električne energije EU, je treba odprto in objektivno oceniti. Vse določbe Pogodbe Euratom je treba strogo uporabljati, zlasti v zvezi z varnostjo. Zaradi ponovnega interesa za to obliko pridobivanja energije v Evropi in po svetu je treba raziskati tehnologije ravnanja z radioaktivnimi odpadki in njihovo varno uporabo, prav tako pa je treba z razvojem sistemov cepitve prihodnje generacije – za večjo trajnost ter soproizvodnjo toplote in električne energije – ter jedrske fuzije pripraviti dolgoročnejšo prihodnost.

For oil and gas, rising import requirements and increasing demand from emerging and developing countries call for stronger mechanisms to secure new, diversified and safe supply routes. As well as crude oil access, refining infrastructure is a crucial part of the supply chain. The EU is a strong geopolitical partner in energy markets and must have the ability to act accordingly.

Kar zadeva nafto in plin, so zaradi vse večjih potreb po uvozu ter naraščajočega povpraševanja iz držav v vzponu in držav v razvoju potrebni močnejši mehanizmi za zagotovitev novih, različnih in varnih oskrbovalnih poti. Poleg dostopa do surove nafte je rafinerijska infrastruktura bistven del oskrbovalne verige. EU je na energetskih trgih močna geopolitična partnerica in mora biti sposobna temu ustrezno delovati.

The new energy strategy focuses on five priorities:

Nova energetska strategija je osredotočena na pet prednostnih nalog:

1. Achieving an energy efficient Europe;

1. energetsko učinkovita Evropa;

2. Building a truly pan-European integrated energy market;

2. izgradnja resnično vseevropskega integriranega energetskega trga;

3. Empowering consumers and achieving the highest level of safety and security;

3. krepitev moči potrošnikov ter doseganje najvišje ravni varnosti in zanesljivosti;

4. Extending Europe's leadership in energy technology and innovation;

4. okrepitev vodilne vloge Evrope na področju energetskih tehnologij in inovacij;

5. Strengthening the external dimension of the EU energy market.

5. okrepitev zunanjih razsežnosti energetskega trga EU.

1. AN EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY THAT TRANSLATES INTO 20% SAVINGS BY 2020

1. Učinkovita poraba energije, ki bo omogočila 20-odstotni prihranek energije do leta 2020

Europe cannot afford to waste energy. Energy efficiency is one of the central objectives for 2020 as well as a key factor in achieving our long-term energy and climate goals. The EU needs to develop a new energy efficiency strategy which will enable all Member States to further decouple their energy use from economic growth. This strategy will take into account the diversity between Member States in terms of energy needs. Energy efficiency is the most cost effective way to reduce emissions, improve energy security and competitiveness, make energy consumption more affordable for consumers as well as create employment, including in export industries. Above all, it provides tangible benefits to citizens: average energy savings for a household can amount to € 1 000 per year[12].

Evropa si ne more privoščiti, da bi zapravljala energijo. Energetska učinkovitost je eden od glavnih ciljev za leto 2020 ter tudi ključni dejavnik pri doseganju naših dolgoročnih energetskih in podnebnih ciljev. EU mora izdelati novo strategijo za energetsko učinkovitost, s katero bodo lahko vse države članice nadalje ločevale svojo porabo energije od gospodarske rasti. Strategija bo upoštevala različne potrebe držav članic po energiji. Energetska učinkovitost je stroškovno najučinkovitejši način zmanjšanja emisij, povečanja zanesljivosti oskrbe z energijo in konkurenčnosti, izboljšanja cenovne dostopnosti energije za potrošnike in ustvarjanja delovnih mest, tudi v izvoznih panogah, predvsem pa državljanom prinaša oprijemljive koristi: gospodinjstva lahko pri energiji v povprečju prihranijo 1 000 EUR na leto[12].

It is necessary to address the paradox whereby demand for more energy-intensive or new products outstrips gains in energy efficiency. It is high time that we move from words to actions. Thus, energy efficiency needs to be mainstreamed into all relevant policy areas, including education and training, to change current behavioural patterns. Energy efficiency criteria must be imposed in all spheres, including the allocation of public funds.

Najti je treba rešitve za paradoksne primere, ko povpraševanje po izdelkih, ki porabljajo več energije, ali novih izdelkih izniči povečano energetsko učinkovitost. Skrajni čas, je da uresničimo besede. Energetsko učinkovitost je tako treba vključiti v ustrezna področja politike, vključno z izobraževanjem in usposabljanjem, da se bodo spremenili sedanji vzorci obnašanja. Merila za energetsko učinkovitost je treba uvesti na vseh področjih, tudi za dodeljevanje javnih sredstev.

Efforts should be concentrated on the whole energy chain, from energy production, via transmission and distribution, to final consumption. Effective compliance monitoring, adequate market surveillance, widespread usage of energy services and audits, as well as material efficiency and recycling are all musts.

Prizadevanja morajo biti usmerjena v celotno energetsko verigo, od pridobivanja energije prek prenosa in distribucije do končne porabe. Nujni so učinkovito spremljanje skladnosti, ustrezen tržni nadzor, razširjena uporaba energetskih storitev in pregledov ter učinkovita uporaba snovi in recikliranje.

We are a long way from achieving the 20% energy savings objective. The new strategy therefore calls for reinforced political commitment to achieving it through a clear definition of the objective to be reached and strong compliance monitoring. Member States and regional and local authorities are called to intensify their work to implement adequate policies and to make full use of the available tools, objectives and indicators, with comprehensive National Energy Efficiency Action Plans.

Od uresničitve cilja 20-odstotnega prihranka energije smo še zelo daleč. V novi strategiji se zato zahteva okrepljena politična zavezanost k njegovi uresničitvi, ki temelji na jasni opredelitvi cilja, ki ga je treba doseči, in strogem spremljanju skladnosti. Države članice ter regionalne in lokalne organe se poziva, da okrepijo svoja prizadevanja za izvajanje ustreznih politik ter v celoti izkoristijo razpoložljive instrumente, cilje in kazalce v okviru celovitih nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov za energetsko učinkovitost.

Special attention should be given to the sectors with the largest potential to make energy efficiency gains, namely the existing building stock and transport sector. Member States have agreed to legally binding climate targets for these and other non-ETS sectors but still need to implement appropriate measures[13]. The revision of the energy taxation directive could provide steering effects with the potential of long-term efficiency gains. Measures need to be developed to speed up significantly the rate of refurbishment using energy-efficient products and technologies. In the residential sector, the issue of divided incentives between owners and tenants needs to be addressed. Regarding the substantial stock of public buildings, the authorities need to exploit all available opportunities, including those offered by EU Regional Policy, to improve the energy efficiency and autonomy of the buildings. In the transport sector, significant potentials for example in multimodal solutions, efficient vehicles and efficient driving should be tapped.

Posebno pozornost je treba nameniti sektorjem, v katerih so največje možnosti za izboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti; to sta stavbni in prometni sektor. Države članice so se za te sektorje in druge, ki niso vključeni v sistem za trgovanje z emisijami, dogovorile o pravno zavezujočih podnebnih ciljih, vendar še niso začele izvajati ustreznih ukrepov[13]. Revizija Direktive o obdavčitvi energije bi lahko imela usmerjevalne učinke in omogočila dolgoročno povečanje učinkovitosti. Oblikovati je treba ukrepe za znatno pospešitev prenov z energetsko učinkovitimi izdelki in tehnologijami. V stanovanjskem sektorju je treba obravnavati vprašanje razdeljenih spodbud med lastniki in najemniki. Kar zadeva znaten fond javnih stavb, bi morali organi za izboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti in neodvisnosti stavb izkoristiti vse razpoložljive možnosti, tudi tiste, ki jih ponuja regionalna politika EU. V prometnem sektorju bi bilo treba izkoristiti znaten potencial na primer večmodalnih rešitev, energetsko učinkovitih vozil in energetsko učinkovitega načina vožnje.

The information and communication technologies have an important role to play in improving the efficiency of major emitting sectors. These technologies offer potential for a structural shift to less resource-intensive products and services, for energy savings in buildings and electricity networks as well as for more efficient and less energy consuming intelligent transport systems[14].

Informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije imajo pomembno vlogo pri izboljševanju učinkovitosti sektorjev z največ emisijami. Te tehnologije ponujajo možnosti za strukturni prehod na proizvode in storitve, ki porabljajo manj virov, hkrati pa ponujajo možnosti za prihranek energije v stavbah in električnih omrežjih ter za učinkovitejše inteligentne prometne sisteme z manjšo porabo energije[14].

The industry sector needs to incorporate energy-efficiency objectives and energy technology innovation into its business model. The ETS contributes significantly to do so for larger companies, but there is need for a wider use of other instruments, including energy audits and energy management systems in smaller companies and supporting mechanisms for SMEs. Efficiency benchmarking can give indication to companies where they stand in efficiency terms in comparison with their competitors. Efficiency, including in electricity use, must become a profitable business in itself, leading to a robust internal market for energy-saving techniques and practices and commercial opportunities internationally. A framework for wide resource efficiency would increase such savings.

Industrija mora v svoj poslovni model vključiti cilje v zvezi z energetsko učinkovitostjo in inovativnost na področju energetske tehnologije. K temu pri večjih podjetjih znatno prispeva sistem za trgovanje z emisijami, medtem ko je treba pri manjših podjetjih povečati uporabo drugih instrumentov, na primer energetskih pregledov in sistemov za upravljanje energije, za MSP pa so potrebni podporni mehanizmi. Primerjalna analiza energetske učinkovitosti lahko podjetjem pokaže, kako uspešna so pri energetski učinkovitosti v primerjavi s konkurenti. Energetska učinkovitost, vključno s porabo električne energije, mora postati donosno poslovno področje, ki vodi k stabilnemu notranjemu trgu za energijsko varčne tehnike in prakse ter mednarodnim poslovnim priložnostim. Okvir za splošno učinkovitost uporabe virov bi povečal te prihranke.

The public sector needs to lead by example. Ambitious objectives ought to be set for public sector consumption. Public procurement should support energy efficient outcomes. Innovative integrated energy solutions at local level contributing towards transition to so-called ‘smart cities’ should be supported. Municipalities represent a major actor of the required change, thus their initiatives like the Covenant of Mayors should be further strengthened. Cities and urban areas, which consume up to 80% of the energy, are at the same time part of the problem and part of the solution to greater energy efficiency.

Javni sektor mora dajati zgled. Za porabo v javnem sektorju je treba določiti ambiciozne cilje. Javna naročila bi morala podpirati energetsko učinkovite rešitve. Podpirati bi bilo treba inovativne integrirane energetske rešitve na lokalni ravni, ki prispevajo k prehodu k tako imenovanim „pametnim mestom“. Občine imajo pri tej spremembi pomembno vlogo, zato je treba okrepiti njihove pobude, kot je konvencija županov. Mesta in mestna območja, ki porabijo do 80 % energije, so hkrati del problema in del rešitve za izboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti.

Resource-efficiency policies, including energy-efficiency investments, often have short-term, up-front costs before the medium- and longer-term benefits are felt. Tools are needed to encourage new investments in energy-efficient technologies and practices. EU financing can have a high leverage factor and innovative solutions must be developed. Innovative and carefully considered[15] uses of taxation and pricing should also be explored as tools to encourage behavioural changes or to fund investments.

Politike za učinkovito uporabo virov, vključno z naložbami v energetsko učinkovitost, so pogosto povezane s kratkoročnimi začetnimi stroški, preden so vidne srednje- in dolgoročne koristi. Treba je najti instrumente za spodbujanje novih naložb v energetsko učinkovite tehnologije in prakse. Financiranje EU je lahko velik vzvod in razviti je treba inovativne rešitve. Razmisliti bi bilo treba tudi o inovativnih in skrbno preučenih[15] oblikah obdavčitve in določanja cen kot instrumentih za spodbujanje spreminjanja obnašanja ali za financiranje naložb.

The Energy Efficiency Plan to be presented in early 2011 will be followed by concrete regulatory proposals in the course of that year. It will also address the issue of financing in terms of access to finance, the availability of innovative financing products, incentives to induce energy-efficiency investments as well as the role of EU funding, in particular the structural funds, further building on existing successful examples.

Načrtu za energetsko učinkovitost, ki bo predložen na začetku leta 2011, bodo med letom sledili konkretni regulativni predlogi. V načrtu bo obravnavano tudi vprašanje financiranja, in sicer z vidika dostopa do financiranja, razpoložljivosti inovativnih produktov financiranja, spodbud za naložbe v energetsko učinkovitost in vloge financiranja EU, zlasti strukturnih skladov, pri tem pa se bo nadalje gradilo na obstoječih uspešnih primerih.

Priority 1: Achieving an energy-efficient Europe Action 1: Tapping into the biggest energy-saving potential — buildings and transport The energy-efficiency renovation rate should be accelerated by investment incentives, wider use of energy service companies, innovative financial instruments with high leverage factors and financial engineering at European, national and local levels. In this context, division of investment incentives between owners and tenants and energy labelling of buildings (certificates used in the real estate market and public support policies) will be addressed in forthcoming proposals by the Commission. Public authorities need to lead by example. Energy criteria (regarding efficiency, renewables and smart networking) should be used in all public procurement of works, services or products. Programmes and technical assistance facilities are needed that build the capacities of energy services market participants to develop and structure finance for projects that target both public authorities and private actors. EU financial programmes will target energy savings projects and make energy efficiency a strong condition for allocating financial support. The forthcoming White Paper on future transport policy will present a menu of measures to improve transport sustainability and reduce oil dependence. This will include initiatives aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of the transport system, including support for clean urban mobility as well as multimodal transport solutions, intelligent traffic management and energy efficiency-standards for all vehicles, adequate economic signals and the promotion of sustainable behaviour. In this context, more efficient car-labelling systems should be explored. Action 2: Reinforcing industrial competitiveness by making industry more efficient The Commission will seek to support European industries' competitiveness through energy efficiency by widening the Ecodesign requirements for energy and resource-intensive products complemented by system level requirements where relevant. The potential effect of voluntary agreements with energy and resource-intensive industry branches should be explored. More extensive energy labelling should be introduced to ensure more comprehensive comparison between products. Energy-management schemes (e.g. audits, plans, energy managers) should be implemented in industry and in the services sector. A particular emphasis on SMEs through dedicated support mechanisms should be established. Action 3: Reinforcing efficiency in energy supply Energy efficiency, in the production as well as in the distribution, should become an essential criterion for the authorisation of generation capacities and efforts are needed to substantially increase the uptake of high efficiency cogeneration, district heating and cooling. Distribution and supply companies (retailers) should be required to secure documented energy savings among their customers, using means such as third party energy services, dedicated instruments such as ‘white certificates’, public benefit charges or equivalent and speeding up the introduction of innovative tools such as ‘smart meters’ which should be consumer-oriented and user-friendly so that they provide real benefits for consumers. Action 4: Making the most of National Energy Efficiency Action Plans The National Energy Efficiency Action Plans provide comprehensive benchmarking on energy efficiency, including measurable objectives and indicators to monitor progress, taking into account the relative starting positions and national circumstances. An annual review mechanism should feed into the Europe 2020 objective for energy efficiency. |

Prednostna naloga 1: Energetsko učinkovita Evropa Ukrep 1: Izkoriščanje največjega potenciala za varčevanje z energijo – stavbe in promet Z naložbenimi spodbudami, večjo uporabo podjetij za energetske storitve, inovativnimi finančnimi instrumenti z velikim vzvodom in finančnim inženiringom na evropski, nacionalni in lokalni ravni je treba pospešiti energetsko učinkovito prenovo. V zvezi s tem bodo napovedani predlogi Komisije obravnavali razdeljene naložbene spodbude med lastniki in najemniki ter energijsko označevanje stavb (energijske izkaznice, ki se uporabljajo na nepremičninskem trgu in pri politikah javne podpore). Javni organi morajo dajati zgled. Energetska merila (glede učinkovitosti, obnovljivih virov in pametnih omrežij) bi bilo treba uporabljati pri vseh javnih naročilih del, storitev ali izdelkov. Potrebni so programi in instrumenti tehnične pomoči, ki povečujejo zmogljivosti udeležencev na trgu energetskih storitev za pripravo in strukturiranje financiranja projektov, ki so namenjeni javnim organom in zasebnim akterjem. Finančni programi EU bodo namenjeni projektom varčevanja z energijo, energetska učinkovitost pa bo pomemben pogoj za dodelitev finančne podpore. V napovedani beli knjigi o prihodnji prometni politiki bo predstavljena vrsta ukrepov za izboljšanje trajnosti prometa in zmanjšanje odvisnosti od nafte. Sem spadajo pobude za povečanje energetske učinkovitosti prometnega sistema, vključno s podporo okolju prijazni mobilnosti v mestih in večmodalnim prometnim rešitvam, preudarno upravljanje prometa in standardi energetske učinkovitost za vsa vozila, ustrezni ekonomski signali in spodbujanje trajnostnega ravnanja. V zvezi s tem je treba preučiti sisteme označevanja učinkovitejših avtomobilov. Ukrep 2: Okrepitev konkurenčnosti industrije z izboljšanjem njene energetske učinkovitosti Komisija bo prek energetske učinkovitosti podpirala konkurenčnost evropske industrije, tako da bo razširila zahteve za okoljsko primerno zasnovo izdelkov, ki porabljajo veliko energije in virov, ki bodo po potrebi dopolnjene z zahtevami na sistemski ravni. Preučiti je treba možen učinek prostovoljnih sporazumov s panogami industrije, ki porabljajo veliko energije in virov. Uvesti bi bilo treba obsežnejše energijsko označevanje, da bi bila mogoča obsežna primerjava izdelkov. V industriji in storitvenem sektorju bi bilo treba uvesti sisteme za upravljanje energije (npr. pregledi, načrti, energetski menedžerji). Za MSP bi bilo treba oblikovati posebni podporni mehanizem. Ukrep 3: Povečanje učinkovitosti oskrbe z energijo Energetska učinkovitost pri pridobivanju in distribuciji mora postati bistveno merilo za odobritev proizvodnih zmogljivosti in potrebna so prizadevanja za znatno povečanje širjenja soproizvodnje z visokim izkoristkom ter daljinskega ogrevanja in hlajenja. Od (maloprodajnih) podjetij za distribucijo in dobavo bi se moralo zahtevati, da zagotovijo dokumentirane prihranke energije svojih strank, na primer z energetskimi storitvami tretjih strani, posebnimi instrumenti, kot so „bela potrdila“, pristojbinami za javne dobrine ali podobnim, in da pospešijo uvajanje inovativnih orodij, kot so „pametni merilniki“, ki bi morala biti potrošniško usmerjena in uporabnikom prijazna, da bi imeli potrošniki dejanske koristi. Ukrep 4: Optimalno izkoriščanje nacionalnih akcijskih načrtov za energetsko učinkovitost Nacionalni akcijski načrti za energetsko učinkovitost omogočajo celovito primerjalno analizo energetske učinkovitosti ob upoštevanju različnih izhodišč in nacionalnih okoliščin ter vključujejo merljive cilje in kazalce za spremljanje napredka. Letni pregledi bi morali prispevati k cilju za energetsko učinkovitost iz strategije Evropa 2020. |

- 2. ENSURING THE FREE MOVEMENT OF ENERGY

- 2. Zagotavljanje prostega pretoka energije

Europe’s energy markets have been opened up to enable citizens to benefit from more reliable, competitive prices as well as more sustainable energy. This potential will not be fully realised unless robust efforts are made to create a more integrated, interconnected and competitive market.

Energetski trgi Evrope so se odprli, da bi bile državljanom na voljo zanesljivejše in konkurenčnejše cene ter bolj trajnostna energija. Ta potencial ne bo v celoti izkoriščen brez večjih prizadevanj za bolj integriran, povezan in konkurenčnejši trg.

Electricity and gas markets are not yet working as a single market. The market is still largely fragmented into national markets with numerous barriers to open and fair competition. Most energy markets remain national in scope and are highly concentrated, often with incumbent companies having a de facto monopoly position. Regulated energy prices further reduce competition in many Member States[16]. Given the remaining anti-competitive practice in the energy sector[17], pro-active competition enforcement, not only by the Commission, but also by Member States, is needed. Improving competition in the energy markets will contribute to setting the right incentives for the investments required and reducing their cost to what is necessary.

Trgi električne energije in plina še ne delujejo kot enotni trg. Trg je še vedno precej razdrobljen na nacionalne trge s številnimi ovirami za odprto in pošteno konkurenco. Večina energetskih trgov je še vedno nacionalno usmerjena in ima visoke stopnje koncentracije, že uveljavljena podjetja na njih pa imajo pogosto dejansko monopolni položaj. Regulirane cene energije dodatno zmanjšujejo konkurenco v številnih državah članicah[16]. Zaradi še obstajajoče protikonkurenčne prakse v energetskem sektorju[17] morajo Komisija in države članice proaktivno uveljaviti konkurenco. Povečanje konkurence na energetskih trgih bo prispevalo k pravim spodbudam za potrebne naložbe in zmanjšalo njihove stroške na nujne.

By introducing a legislative framework designed to promote the achievement of the 20% target for renewable energy in 2020, Europe has just taken the first step in this area. It is necessary to ensure that the legislation is fully implemented and to pave the way for large scale use of renewable energy in the decades beyond 2020. The legal framework must be properly enforced to give investors the confidence to invest in new production, transport and storage options for renewable sources. The effects of the Renewable Energy Directive will be assessed as from 2011 with a view to strengthening or extending it where and when needed.

Z uvedbo zakonodajnega okvira, ki spodbuja izpolnitev 20-odstotnega cilja za obnovljivo energijo do leta 2020, je Evropa naredila prvi korak na tem področju. Zagotoviti je treba, da se zakonodaja v celoti izvaja, in ustvariti pogoje za obsežno uporabo obnovljive energije v desetletjih po letu 2020. Pravni okvir je treba pravilno uveljaviti, da bodo lahko vlagatelji z zaupanjem vlagali v nove možnosti proizvodnje, prevoza in skladiščenja obnovljivih virov. Od leta 2011 se bodo ocenjevali učinki Direktive o obnovljivih virih energije ter po potrebi okrepile ali razširile njene določbe.

The further development of renewable energy will continue to rely for some time on support schemes. The Commission must play its part in ensuring that these are sustainable, consistent with technological progress and not hindering innovation or competition. It must however also ensure the required degree of convergence or harmonization between national schemes as the market for renewables is moving from a local to a cross-border supply. In this context, the necessary requirements for a pan-European trade in renewable energy should be defined on the basis of best practice. Greater use of balanced, cost-effective and predictable feed-in premiums, more technology-specific support and financing instruments should be mobilized in accordance with state aid rules when applicable. In particular, retroactive changes to support schemes should be avoided given the negative effect such changes have on investors' confidence.

Nadaljnji razvoj na področju obnovljive energije bo še nekaj časa odvisen od shem podpor. Komisija mora odigrati svojo vlogo pri zagotavljanju, da so te trajnostne in skladne s tehnološkim napredkom ter da ne ovirajo inovativnosti ali konkurence. Zagotoviti mora tudi potrebno stopnjo zbližanja ali uskladitve nacionalnih shem, saj se trg obnovljivih virov spreminja in preusmerja z lokalne na čezmejno oskrbo. V zvezi s tem je treba na podlagi najboljše prakse opredeliti potrebne zahteve za vseevropsko trgovino z obnovljivo energijo. Povečati bi bilo treba uporabo uravnoteženih, stroškovno učinkovitih in predvidljivih premij za dobavo energije ter podpore in instrumentov financiranja, namenjenih posebej tehnologiji, pri tem pa po potrebi upoštevati pravila o državni pomoči. Zlasti se je treba izogibati retroaktivnim spremembam shem podpor, saj negativno vplivajo na zaupanje vlagateljev.

As the Monti Report outlined, the new challenge to 2020 is to provide the backbone for electricity and gas to flow where it is needed. Without a proper infrastructure across Europe, comparable to the means of transport of other strategic sectors such as telecommunications or transport, the market will however never deliver on its promises. Further efforts need to be made to upgrade energy infrastructure particularly in Member States that joined as of 2004 as well as in less developed regions.

Kot je navedeno v Montijevem poročilu, je nov izziv za obdobje do leta 2020 zagotoviti temeljno infrastrukturo, ki omogoča dobavo električne energije in plina tja, kjer sta potrebna. Brez ustrezne infrastrukture v Evropi, ki je primerljiva z načini prevoza v drugih strateških sektorjih, kot so telekomunikacije ali promet, trg ne bo nikoli izpolnil svoj obljub. Potrebna so nadaljnja prizadevanja za nadgradnjo energetske infrastrukture zlasti v državah članicah, ki so se pridružile po letu 2004, in v manj razvitih regijah.

Most important, Europe is still lacking the grid infrastructure which will enable renewables to develop and compete on an equal footing with traditional sources. Current projects of large-scale wind parks in the North and solar facilities in the South need corresponding power lines capable of transmitting this green power to the areas of high consumption. Today’s grid will struggle to absorb the volumes of renewable power which the 2020 targets entail (33% of gross electricity generation).

Najpomembnejše dejstvo je, da Evropa še vedno nima omrežne infrastrukture, ki bi pri razvoju in konkurenčnosti obnovljivih virov omogočala enake pogoje kot pri tradicionalnih virih. Trenutni projekti obsežnih vetrnih parkov na severu in sončnih zmogljivosti na jugu potrebujejo ustrezne energetske vode za prenos te okolju prijazne energije na območja z veliko porabo. Današnje omrežje bo imelo težave pri sprejemanju količine obnovljive energije, povezane s cilji za leto 2020 (33 % bruto proizvodnje električne energije).

Smart meters and power grids are the keys to full exploitation of the potential for renewable energy and energy savings as well as improvements in energy services. A clear policy and common standards on smart metering and smart grids[18] are needed well before 2020 to ensure interoperability across the network.

Pametni merilniki in energetska omrežja so ključnega pomena, da se v celoti izkoristi potencial za uporabo obnovljive energije in energijske prihranke ter izboljšajo energetske storitve. Za zagotovitev interoperabilnosti celotnega omrežja moramo že veliko pred letom 2020 razpolagati z jasno politiko in skupnimi standardi za pametno merjenje in pametna omrežja[18].

Finally, the obligation of solidarity among Member States will be null and void without a sufficient internal infrastructure and interconnectors across external borders and maritime areas. As a major energy importer, the EU is directly affected by the evolution of networks in neighbouring countries. The construction of new interconnections at our borders should receive the same attention and policies as intra-EU projects. Such links are essential not only for our neighbours but to ensure the EU's stability and security of supply. There will be specific emphasis on the Southern corridor and the effective start of projects of European interest, in particular Nabucco and ITGI.

Obveznost solidarnosti med državami članicami bo nična in neveljavna brez zadostne notranje infrastrukture in povezav prek zunanjih meja in morskih območij. Na EU kot veliko uvoznico energije neposredno vpliva razvoj omrežij v sosednjih državah. Izgradnji novih povezav na naših mejah je treba nameniti enako pozornost in politike kot projektom znotraj EU. Te povezave so bistvene za sosednje države ter za zagotovitev stabilnosti in zanesljivosti oskrbe EU. Poseben poudarek bo na južnem koridorju in zlasti na dejanskem začetku projektov v evropskem interesu, zlasti projektov Nabucco in ITGI.

Investment of around € 1 trillion will be needed by 2020 to replace obsolete capacity, modernise and adapt infrastructures and cater for increasing and changing demand for low carbon energy. While investment decisions lie mainly with market players (energy companies, system operators and consumers), public policy is decisive in creating a stable and transparent framework for investment decisions. The new tools created by the third Internal Energy Market Package, including an Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) and the new Networks of Transmission System Operators for Electricity and Gas (ENTSO-E and ENTSO-G) should be fully utilised in the coming years for the further integration of energy markets. Regional initiatives[19] should serve as stepping stones towards a European market.

Do leta 2020 bo potrebna naložba v višini 1 000 milijard EUR za zamenjavo zastarelih zmogljivosti, posodobitev in prilagoditev infrastruktur ter pokritje naraščajočega in spreminjajočega se povpraševanja po nizkoogljični energiji. Čeprav so naložbene odločitve predvsem stvar tržnih udeležencev (energetskih podjetij, upravljavcev omrežij in potrošnikov), pa je javna politika bistvena pri ustvarjanju stabilnega in transparantnega okvira za te odločitve. Nove instrumente iz tretjega paketa o notranjem energetskem trgu, vključno z Agencijo za sodelovanje energetskih regulatorjev (ACER) in novega omrežja upravljavcev prenosnega omrežja za električno energijo in zemeljski plin (ENTSO-E in ENTSO-G), je treba v prihodnjih letih v celoti izkoristiti za nadaljnjo integracijo energetskih trgov. Regionalne pobude[19] bi morale pomagati približevati se evropskemu trgu.

Infrastructure investments will continue to be financed mainly from tariffs paid by the users. However, given the scale of the investments, their nature and their strategic character, it cannot be assumed that all the necessary investments will be delivered by the market alone. The Commission will adopt a new strategy on energy infrastructure development to encourage adequate grid investments in electricity, gas, oil and other energy sectors. Provided the supply is stable, natural gas will continue to play a key role in the EU’s energy mix in the coming years and gas can gain importance as the back-up fuel for variable electricity generation. This calls for diversified imports, both pipeline gas and Liquefied Natural Gas terminals, while domestic gas networks are required to be increasingly interconnected.

Naložbe v infrastrukturo se bo še naprej financirale predvsem iz pristojbin, ki jih plačujejo uporabniki. Vendar pa zaradi obsega naložb, njihove narave in strateškega značaja ni mogoče domnevati, da bo trg sam opravil vse potrebne naložbe. Komisija bo sprejela novo strategijo za razvoj energetske infrastrukture, da bi spodbudila ustrezne naložbe v omrežja v sektorjih električne energije, plina, nafte in drugih energetskih sektorjih. Če bo oskrba stabilna, bo zemeljski plin tudi v prihodnjih letih imel ključno vlogo v mešanici virov energije v EU in lahko postane pomembno rezervno gorivo za pokritje nihanj v pridobivanju električne energije. Za to so potrebne različne možnosti uvoza, tako po plinovodih kot po terminalih za utekočinjen zemeljski plin, hkrati pa je treba povečati povezanost domačih plinovodnih omrežij.

Beyond the financing issue, complex and lengthy administrative procedures can be a major bottleneck. Existing rules and procedures for projects of European interest (e.g. serving security of supply, solidarity or renewables integration purposes) will need to be improved and streamlined significantly, while respecting the principles of public acceptance and existing environmental legislation. Communities at local, regional and national levels will engage more constructively in facilitating projects of European interest if these also bring concrete, shorter term benefits for them through, for example, privileged access to public funds.

Poleg financiranja so lahko velika ovira zapleteni in dolgi upravni postopki. Sedanja pravila in postopke za projekte evropskega interesa (namenjene npr. zanesljivosti oskrbe, solidarnosti ali integraciji obnovljivih virov) bo treba izboljšati in znatno poenostaviti, ob tem pa spoštovati načela javnega sprejetja in veljavno okoljsko zakonodajo. Skupnosti na lokalnih, regionalnih in nacionalnih ravneh bodo bolj konstruktivno sodelovale pri podpiranju projektov evropskega interesa, če jim bodo ti prinesli konkretne in kratkoročnejše koristi, kot je privilegiran dostop do javnih sredstev.

Priority 2: Building a pan-European integrated energy market Action 1: Timely and accurate implementation of the internal market legislation The Commission will continue to ensure correct and timely implementation of the existing internal energy market and a forceful competition policy. For further integration of the energy market, the regulatory framework needs to be consolidated (e.g. network codes), complemented by other actions such as market coupling, target model development[20] and a robust framework for traded markets through effective transparency and oversight. If these measures prove not to be sufficient or ACER's remit too narrow, further legislative measures will be envisaged. Action 2: Establishing a blueprint of the European infrastructure for 2020-2030 The Commission's forthcoming infrastructure communication will allow Europe to identify priority infrastructure to be deployed in order to have a functioning internal market, ensure integration of large-scale production of renewables and guarantee security of supply, in line with the vision for a sustainable European energy system by 2050. By 2015, no Member States should be isolated from the European internal market. Cross-border corridors will also be covered. The 10-year network development plans of ENTSO-E and ENTSO-G will be taken forward with the help of ACER, together with all other relevant stakeholders. This exercise will build on successful regional initiatives such as the one in the Baltic region and will also include an assessment of the necessary storage facilities and climate adaptation measures, including possible future needs for CO2 transportation infrastructure in the EU. The Commission's proposal also aims at preparing the grid for the inevitable changes in demand which will ensue from energy and transport policies, such as electro mobility and an increase in decentralised as well as large scale renewable power generation. A set of policy tools will be proposed by the Commission next year to implement strategic infrastructure priorities in the next two decades. They will include a new method for defining the strategic infrastructures which will be essential for the European Union as a whole in terms of competitive energy provision, environmental sustainability and access to renewables as well as security of supply. These vital sections will be clearly identified in the overall mapping exercise and awarded a label of ‘European interest’ so that they can benefit from an improved permitting procedure and concentrated funding if necessary. Selectivity will be of the essence in this work. Network connections with third countries will be duly taken into account. ACER, ENTSO-E and ENTSO-G will be given a mandate to develop the blueprint of European electricity and gas grids on the horizon of 2020-2030. This should be followed by a longer-term vision on the basis of the energy 2050 roadmap to be presented in 2011. Action 3: Streamlining permit procedures and market rules for infrastructure developments The Commission will propose to introduce a permitting scheme applying to projects of "European interest" to improve the current process through, for example, the nomination of a single authority at national level, while respecting safety and security standards and ensuring full compliance with the EU environmental legislation. The streamlined and improved procedures will provide for more transparency and ensure open and transparent debates at local, regional and national level to enhance public trust in and acceptance of the installations. In addition, ways of positively rewarding, through enhanced access to public fund regions and Member States that constructively engage and succeed in facilitating the timely construction of projects of European interest will be explored. To establish market coupling by 2014, ACER will, within the scope of its mandate, ensure the definition and implementation of all necessary technical (harmonisation, standardisation, etc.) and regulatory issues linked to the interconnection of networks across borders; access to renewables; and the integration of new technologies. A detailed programme of action will be presented accordingly to assist the Member States in the process of rolling out smart metering/smart grids (including the issue of display of information for consumers) and encouraging new energy services. Action 4: Providing the right financing framework Acknowledging the fact that most of the infrastructure development is of a commercial nature, a methodology will be defined by the Commission to analyse the optimum balance between public and private financing (on the following principles to be applied across the Union: ‘user pays’, ‘beneficiary pays’ - in terms of cross-border cost-benefit allocation, and ‘tax payer pays’ - burden-sharing for commercially non-viable and ‘EU-wide benefit’ infrastructure). This will be defined in accordance with applicable state aid rules. For projects of ‘European interest’ which have no or poor commercial viability, innovative funding mechanisms will be proposed for maximum leverage of public support to improve the investment climate for the coverage of main risks or to speed up project implementation. The development of proper energy infrastructure is critical and urgent; it requires a broader view of new funding instruments (both public and private) as well as the mobilisation of additional resources under the next multi-annual financial framework. |

Prednostna naloga 2: Oblikovanje vseevropskega integriranega energetskega trga Ukrep 1: Pravočasno in natančno izvajanje zakonodaje o notranjem trgu Komisija bo še naprej zagotavljala pravilno in pravočasno izvajanje veljavne zakonodaje o notranjem energetskem trgu in učinkovito konkurenčno politiko. Za nadaljnjo integracijo energetskega trga mora biti regulativni okvir konsolidiran (npr. omrežne kode) in dopolnjen z ostalimi ukrepi, kot so združevanje trgov, razvoj ciljnih modelov[20] in trden okvir za prodajne trge z učinkovito transparentnostjo in pregledom. Če se izkaže, da ti ukrepi niso zadostni ali so pooblastila agencije ACER preozka, bodo predvideni nadaljnji zakonodajni ukrepi. Ukrep 2: Oblikovanje načrta za evropsko infrastrukturo 2020–2030 Napovedano sporočilo Komisije o infrastrukturi bo Evropi omogočilo, da določi prednostno infrastrukturo, ki jo je treba razviti, da se omogoči delujoč notranji trg, zagotovi integracijo masovne proizvodnje obnovljivih virov energije in zajamči zanesljivost oskrbe v skladu z vizijo o trajnostnem evropskem energetskem sistemu do leta 2050. Do leta 2015 je treba doseči, da nobena država članica ne bo izolirana od evropskega notranjega trga. Pokriti bodo tudi čezmejni koridorji. Desetletni načrti za razvoj omrežja ENTSO-E in ENTSO-G se bodo razvijali še naprej s pomočjo agencije ACER in skupaj z vsemi ostalimi zainteresiranimi stranmi. Ta dejavnost bo temeljila na uspešnih regionalnih pobudah, kot je tista v baltski regiji, vključevala pa bo tudi oceno potrebnih skladiščnih zmogljivosti in ukrepov za prilagoditev podnebnim spremembam, vključno z morebitnimi prihodnjimi potrebami za infrastrukturo za prenos CO2 v EU. Cilj predloga Komisije je tudi priprava omrežja na neizbežne spremembe v povpraševanju, ki bodo posledica energetske in prometne politike, kot je elektromobilnost, ter povečanja decentralizirane in obsežne proizvodnje obnovljive energije. Komisija bo naslednje leto predlagala vrsto orodij politike za izvajanje strateških prednostnih nalog na področju infrastrukture v naslednjih dveh desetletjih. Vključevala bodo novo metodo za določanje strateških infrastruktur, ki bodo bistvenega pomena za Evropsko unijo kot celoto na področju konkurenčne oskrbe z energijo, okoljske trajnosti ter dostopa do obnovljivih virov energije in zanesljivosti oskrbe. Ta ključna področja bodo v splošni oceni potreb jasno določena, dodeljena jim bo oznaka „v evropskem interesu“, da bodo po potrebi upravičena do izboljšanega postopka za izdajo dovoljenj in koncentriranega financiranja. Pri tem delu bo selektivnost bistvenega pomena. Primerno se bodo upoštevale omrežne povezave s tretjimi državami. ACER, ENTSO-E in ENTSO-G bodo pooblaščeni, da razvijejo načrt evropskih električnih in plinskih omrežij za obdobje 2020-2030. Temu mora slediti dolgoročnejša vizija na podlagi časovnega načrta za energijo za obdobje do leta 2050, ki bo predstavljen leta 2011. Ukrep 3: Poenostavitev postopkov za izdajo dovoljenj in tržna pravila za razvoj infrastrukture Komisija bo predlagala uvedbo sheme za izdajo dovoljenj, ki se bo uporabljala za načrte „v evropskem interesu“, da se sedanji postopek izboljša, na primer z določitvijo enega samega organa na nacionalni ravni, ob hkratnem upoštevanju standardov varnosti in zanesljivosti ter zagotavljanju popolne usklajenosti z okoljsko zakonodajo EU. Poenostavljeni in izboljšani postopki bodo zagotovili več transparentnosti ter odprte in transparentne razprave na lokalni in nacionalni ravni, da se poveča zaupanje javnosti in sprejetje naprav. Poleg tega se bo preučilo načine, kako z izboljšanim dostopom do javnih sredstev pozitivno nagraditi regije in države članice, ki se zavežejo in nato uspešno spodbujajo pravočasno oblikovanje projektov v evropskem interesu. Zaradi vzpostavitve združevanja trgov do leta 2014 bo ACER v okviru svojega mandata zagotovil, da bodo določene in se bodo izvajale vse potrebne tehnične (uskladitev, standardizacija itd) in regulativne zahteve, vezane na čezmejne povezave omrežij, dostop do obnovljivih virov energije in integracijo novih tehnologij. Zato bo predstavljen podroben program ukrepov, da se državam članicam pomaga pri postopku razvoja pametnega merjenja in pametnih omrežij (tudi na področju razkritja informacij potrošnikom) ter spodbujanja novih energetskih storitev. Ukrep 4: Določitev pravega okvira financiranja Glede na dejstvo, da je največji delež razvoja infrastrukture komercialne narave, bo Komisija določila metodologijo za analizo najugodnejšega ravnotežja med javnim in zasebnim financiranjem (na načelih, ki se uporabijo v celotni Uniji, in sicer: „uporabnik plača“, „upravičenec plača“ – za čezmejne dodelitve stroškov in koristi, in „davkoplačevalec plača“ – porazdelitev bremen za infrastrukturo, ki komercialno ni donosna in ki ima vseevropski učinek). To bo določeno v skladu z veljavnimi pravili o državnih pomočeh. Za projekte „v evropskem interesu“, ki niso komercialno donosni ali je njihova komercialna donosnost nizka, bodo zaradi največjega možnega vpliva javne podpore predlagani inovativni mehanizmi financiranja, da se izboljša naložbeno ozračje za pokritje osnovnih tveganj ali pospeši izvajanje projekta. Razvoj primerne energetske infrastrukture je bistvenega pomena in nujen; za ta namen je treba tudi širše zastaviti nove instrumente financiranja (tako javne kot zasebne) in uporabiti dodatne vire v okviru naslednjega večletnega finančnega okvira. |

- 3. SECURE, SAFE AND AFFORDABLE ENERGY FOR CITIZENS AND BUSINESSES

- 3. Zanesljiva, varna in cenovno dostopna energija za državljane in podjetja

A well functioning, integrated internal market benefits consumers with wider choice and lower prices. Yet, many consumers do not perceive that they are better off as a result of market opening and competition among different suppliers. Individual consumers must be aware of, and exercise, their rights under EU legislation. They should be able to take advantage of the opportunities which market opening creates and feel confident that they have access to the energy services they need in the quality and emission profile they want. The opening of markets can deliver the best prices, choice, innovation and service for consumers if it goes hand in hand with measures to guarantee trust, protect consumers and to support them to play the active role expected of them by liberalisation.

Dobro delujoč in integriran notranji trg potrošnikom omogoča večjo izbiro in nižje cene. Vendar mnogi potrošniki ne zaznavajo prednosti, ki jih imata odprtje trga in konkurenca med različnimi dobavitelji. Posamezni potrošniki morajo poznati in uveljavljati pravice, ki jih imajo v okviru zakonodaje EU. Znati morajo izkoristiti priložnosti, ki jih ustvarja odprti trg, in biti prepričani, da imajo dostop do energetskih storitev, ki jih potrebujejo ter katerih kakovost in emisije so v skladu z njihovimi željami. Z odprtjem trgov imajo potrošniki lahko dostop do najboljših cen, izbire, inovacij in storitev, vendar morajo to odprtje spremljati ukrepi za zagotovitev zaupanja in zaščito potrošnikov, ki morajo imeti podporo pri aktivni udeležbi, ki jih liberalizacija zahteva od njih.

However citizens appear to be unaware of their rights under EU legislation, or reluctant to exercise them. Far greater efforts are needed to inform consumers about their rights and involve them in the internal market. Likewise, the potential for reducing energy bills through energy savings needs to be better articulated. The Citizens' (London) Forum and the Sustainable Energy (Bucharest) Forum were established with a view to improving the energy situation of household consumers and ways should be explored to make them more responsive to consumers' needs.

Vendar se zdi, da državljani ne poznajo pravic, ki jih imajo v skladu z zakonodajo EU, ali jih neradi uveljavljajo. Veliko bolj si je treba prizadevati za informiranje potrošnikov o njihovih pravicah in njihovo vključevanje v notranji trg. Prav tako je treba bolje pojasniti možnosti, kako s prihranki energije znižati račun za energijo. Treba je tudi raziskati, kako foruma za državljane (London) in za trajnostno energijo (Bukarešta), ki sta bila ustanovljena z namenom izboljšanja energetskega položaja gospodinjstev, bolje približati potrebam potrošnikov.

The competitive position of important sectors of the European economy also depends on the availability of secure energy at affordable prices. Energy, in particular electricity, constitutes a substantial part of the total production costs of key European industries, including large and small and medium enterprises.

Konkurenčni položaj pomembnih sektorjev evropskega gospodarstva je odvisen tudi od razpoložljivosti zanesljive oskrbe z energijo po dostopnih cenah. Energija, zlasti električna, še vedno predstavlja bistveni del proizvodnih stroškov glavnih evropskih industrij, vključno z velikimi, malimi in srednjimi podjetji.

The international market for oil supplies could become very tight before 2020, which means that it is important for EU consumers to step up their efforts to reduce oil demand. This is not happening at the moment. Consumers need to be made more aware of the necessity to reduce their consumption of fossil fuels and they need to know how they can reduce their bills at a time of rising prices. "User-friendly" smart grids, smart meters and billing can help in this respect. But consumers also need to become more pro-active. To help consumers participate in the market, measures should be put in place to raise awareness of opportunities, enhance price comparison, and facilitate the switching and improve complaint handling procedures.

Na mednarodnem trgu oskrbe z nafto bi lahko pred letom 2020 zavladalo precejšnje pomanjkanje, zato je za potrošnike EU pomembno, da povečajo svoja prizadevanja za zmanjšanje povpraševanja po nafti. V tem trenutku temu ni tako. Potrošniki se morajo bolj zavedati, da je treba zmanjšati porabo fosilnih goriv, v času poviševanja cen pa morajo poznati načine za zmanjšanje računov. Pri tem lahko pomagajo pametna omrežja, pametni merilniki in pametno obračunavanje, ki so uporabniku prijazni. Vendar pa morajo tudi potrošniki postati bolj proaktivni. Za pomoč potrošnikom pri sodelovanju na trgu je treba sprejeti ukrepe za povečanje ozaveščenosti o priložnostih, izboljšati cenovne primerjave ter poenostaviti zamenjavo dobavitelja in izboljšati postopke za obravnavanje pritožb.

Providing affordable but cost-reflective and reliable supplies to consumers is mainly the task of the internal market. A functioning internal market on the basis of sufficient transmission and storage infrastructure is the best guarantee for security of supply, as energy will follow market mechanisms and flow to where it is needed. However, safety nets are necessary, in the case of vulnerable consumers for example, or at the time of a supply crisis which market mechanisms cannot sufficiently address. The internal market is also hampered when Member States are not fully interlinked, such as in the Baltic States. The Gas Security Regulation is important in that it ensures that markets are fully prepared to cope in a crisis and that domestic consumers are protected. Furthering of interconnection amongst Member States as well as active competition enforcement by the Commission and Member States can contribute to a further diversification of supply sources particularly in those Member States which currently depend on only one or few supply sources.

Glavna naloga notranjega trga je, da potrošnikom zagotavlja cenovno dostopno oskrbo, ki odraža stroške in je zanesljiva. Notranji trg, ki deluje na podlagi zadostne infrastrukture za prenos in skladiščenje, je najboljše jamstvo za zanesljivost oskrbe, saj bo energija sledila tržnim mehanizmom in se preusmerila tja, kjer jo potrebujejo. Vendar pa so potrebna varovala, na primer za ranljive potrošnike ali v primeru krize z oskrbo, na katero se tržni mehanizmi ne morejo primerno odzvati. Notranji trg je moten tudi, kadar države članice niso v celoti medsebojno povezane, kot na primer v baltskih državah. Uredba o varnosti oskrbe s plinom je pomembna, ker zagotavlja popolno pripravljenost trgov na obvladovanje krize in zaščito domačih potrošnikov. Nadgradnja medsebojnih povezav med državami članicami in aktivna uveljavitev konkurence s strani Komisije in držav članic lahko prispevata k nadaljnji diverzifikaciji virov oskrbe, zlasti v tistih državah članicah, ki so trenutno odvisne od enega samega ali majhnega števila virov oskrbe.

Energy policy is also responsible for protecting European citizens from the risks of energy production and transport. The EU must continue to be a world leader in developing systems for safe nuclear power, the transport of radioactive substances, as well as the management of nuclear waste. International collaboration on nuclear safeguards plays a major role in ensuring nuclear security and establishing a solid and robust non-proliferation regime. In the oil and gas exploitation and conversion sector, the EU legislative framework should guarantee the highest level of safety and an unequivocal liability regime for oil and gas installations.

Energetska politika je odgovorna tudi za zaščito evropskih državljanov pred tveganji, povezanimi s proizvodnjo in prenosom energije. EU mora biti v svetovnem merilu še naprej vodilna pri razvoju sistemov za varno jedrsko energijo, prevoz radioaktivnih snovi in ravnanje z jedrskimi odpadki. Mednarodno sodelovanje na področju jedrske varnosti ima pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju jedrske zaščite ter oblikovanju trdnega in zanesljivega sistema neširjenja jedrskega orožja. V sektorju izkoriščanja in pretvorbe nafte in plina mora zakonodajni okvir EU zagotavljati najvišjo raven varnosti in nedvoumen sistem odgovornosti za naftne in plinske naprave.

Priority 3: Empowering consumers and achieving the highest level of safety and security

Prednostna naloga 3: Krepitev moči potrošnikov ter doseganje najvišje ravni varnosti in zanesljivosti

Action 1: Making energy policy more consumer-friendly

Ukrep 1: Oblikovanje energetske politike, ki bo potrošniku bolj prijazna

- Active competition policy enforcement at European and national levels remains indispensible to foster competition and guarantee that consumers have access to energy at affordable prices.

- Zaradi spodbujanja konkurence in da se potrošnikom zagotovi dostop do energije po dostopnih cenah, je še vedno nujno potrebna aktivna uveljavitev konkurenčne politike na evropski in nacionalni ravni.

- The Commission will propose measures to help consumers better participate in the energy market in line with the third energy package. These measures will include the development of guidance based on best practice in the area of switching suppliers, the further implementation and monitoring of the billing and complaint-handling recommendations, and the identification of best practices in alternative dispute resolution schemes. A price comparison tool based on a methodology to be developed by energy regulators and other competent bodies should be available to all consumers, and all suppliers should provide updated information on their tariffs and offers. Finally, further efforts should be aimed at moving focus from energy prices to energy costs by developing the market for energy services.

- Komisija bo predlagala ukrepe, da bo v skladu s tretjim energetskim paketom potrošnikom pomagala k boljšemu sodelovanju na energetskem trgu. Ti ukrepi bodo vključevali razvoj smernic, ki bodo temeljile na najboljših praksah na področju zamenjave dobaviteljev, nadaljnje izvajanje in spremljanje priporočil glede obračunavanja in obravnavanja pritožb ter identifikacijo najboljših praks na področju načinov za alternativno reševanje sporov. Orodje za cenovne primerjave, ki temelji na metodologiji, ki jo morajo razviti energetski regulatorji in ostali pristojni organi, mora biti na voljo vsem potrošnikom, vsi dobavitelji pa morajo predložiti posodobljene podatke o svojih cenah in ponudbah. Z razvojem trga za energetske storitve si je treba tudi nadalje prizadevati za premik poudarka s cene na strošek energije.

- The Commission will publish regular benchmark reports assessing the level of implementation of the regulatory provisions relating to consumers and the overall level of protection across the internal market. Particular emphasis will be given to vulnerable customers and to practices which enable consumers to reduce energy use.

- Komisija bo objavljala redna poročila s primerjalno analizo, v katerih bo ocenila raven izvajanja regulativnih določb glede potrošnikov in splošno raven zaščite na notranjem trgu. Posebna pozornost bo namenjena ranljivim potrošnikom in praksam, s katerimi lahko potrošniki zmanjšajo porabo energije.

- Efforts to improve the functioning of the retail market should be stepped up by regulatory authorities with the help of the London Citizens’ and the Sustainability (Bucharest) Fora.

- Regulativni organi morajo s pomočjo forumov za državljane (London) in trajnostno energijo (Bukarešta) okrepiti prizadevanja za izboljšanje delovanja maloprodajnega trga.

Action 2: Continuous improvement in safety and security

Ukrep 2: Nenehno izboljševanje varnosti in zanesljivosti

- The safety conditions of offshore oil and gas extraction are being reviewed by the Commission in the light of the Deepwater Horizon accident, with the aim of introducing stringent measures from prevention to response and liability issues which will guarantee the highest level of protection throughout the EU and the rest of the world.

- Zaradi nesreče na ploščadi Deepwater Horizon Komisija pregleduje varnostne pogoje za pridobivanje nafte in zemeljskega plina na morju, da bi se uvedli strogi ukrepi, od preprečevanja do odziva in ureditve odgovornosti, ki bodo zagotavljali največjo raven zaščite v celotni EU in drugod po svetu.

- The legal framework for nuclear safety and security will be further enhanced through the mid-term review of the Nuclear Safety Directive, the implementation of the Nuclear Waste Directive, the redefinition of the basic safety standards for the protection of workers and the population and a proposal for a European approach on nuclear liability regimes. Greater harmonisation of plant design and certification at the international level should also be actively pursued. All these measures should allow the EU to keep its leadership in safe nuclear energy and contribute to responsible use of nuclear energy worldwide.

- Pravni okvir za jedrsko varnost in zanesljivost bo še nadalje okrepljen z vmesnim pregledom Direktive o jedrski varnosti, izvajanjem Direktive o jedrskih odpadkih, ponovno opredelitvijo osnovnih varnostnih standardov za zaščito delavcev in prebivalstva ter predlogom za evropski pristop k ureditvami jedrske odgovornosti. Prav tako si je treba aktivno prizadevati tudi za večjo uskladitev zasnove obratov in certificiranja na mednarodni ravni. Vsi ti ukrepi morajo EU omogočiti, da ohrani vodilni položaj na področju varne jedrske energije in na svetovni ravni prispeva k odgovorni rabi jedrske energije.

- The same security and safety considerations will also be upheld in the development and deployment of new energy technologies (hydrogen safety, safety of CO2 transportation network, CO2 storage, etc…).

- Isti pomisleki glede zanesljivosti in varnosti bodo upoštevani tudi pri razvoju in namestitvi novih energetskih tehnologij (varnost vodika, varnost prenosnega omrežja za CO2, skladiščenje CO2 itn).

4. MAKING A TECHNOLOGICAL SHIFT

4. Izvajanje tehnološkega premika

Without a technological shift, the EU will fail on its 2050 ambitions to decarbonise the electricity and transport sectors. Given the time scale for the development and dissemination of energy technology, the urgency of bringing new high performance low-carbon technologies to the European markets is more acute than ever. The EU ETS is an important demand side driver supporting the deployment of innovative low carbon technologies. However, new technologies will reach markets more quickly and more economically if they are developed through collaboration at the EU level.

EU brez tehnološkega premika ne bo izpolnila svojih ciljev za leto 2050 v zvezi z dekarbonizacijo sektorjev električne energije in prometa. Glede na časovni okvir za razvoj in širjenje energetske tehnologije uvajanje novih visoko zmogljivih nizkoogljičnih tehnologij na evropske trge še nikoli ni bilo tako nujno, kot je zdaj. Sistem EU za trgovanje z emisijami je pomemben dejavnik na strani povpraševanja, ki podpira uvajanje inovativnih nizkoogljičnih tehnologij. Nove tehnologije bodo dosegle trge hitreje in stroškovno učinkoviteje, če bodo razvite v okviru sodelovanja na evropski ravni.

Europe-wide planning and management is paramount for investment stability, business confidence and policy coherence. The Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan sets out a medium term strategy valid across all sectors. Yet development and demonstration projects for the main technologies (second generation biofuels, smart grids, smart cities and intelligent networks, Carbon Capture and Storage, electricity storage and electro-mobility, next generation nuclear, renewable heating and cooling) must be speeded up. Similarly, the crucial nature of innovation was highlighted in the Europe 2020 flagship on ‘Innovation Union’[21].

Načrtovanje in upravljanje po vsej Evropi je bistveno za stabilnost naložb, poslovno zaupanje in usklajeno politiko. V evropskem strateškem načrtu za energetsko tehnologijo (načrt SET) je določena srednjeročna strategija za vse sektorje. Vendar je treba pospešiti izdelavo glavnih tehnologij (biogoriva druge generacije, pametna omrežja, pametna mesta in inteligentna omrežja, zajemanje in shranjevanje ogljikovega dioksida, shranjevanje električne energije in elektromobilnost, jedrska energija prihodnje generacije, ogrevanje in hlajenje iz obnovljivih virov) in njihovih predstavitvenih projektov. Podobno je bil odločilen pomen inovativnosti izpostavljen v vodilni pobudi iz strategije Evropa 2020 „Unija inovacij“[21].

The resources required in the next two decades for the development of these technologies are very significant, especially when seen in the context of the current economic climate. Major projects, such as the ones over 140 GW of offshore wind power currently being planned by European utilities, developers and governments, mostly in the North Sea or the Desertec and Medring initiatives, affect several Member States. Europe-wide coordination and collaboration should include the pooling of different funding sources. All stakeholders will be expected to contribute. The Commission will seek to leverage the EU budget to raise further the overall level of funding.

Za razvoj teh tehnologij bodo v prihodnjih dveh desetletjih potrebna znatna sredstva, zlasti ob upoštevanju sedanjega gospodarskega ozračja. Večji projekti, kot so projekti pridobivanja vetrne energije na morju z zmogljivostjo več kot 140 GW, ki jih predvsem za Severno morje trenutno načrtujejo evropske gospodarske javne družbe, razvijalci in vlade, ali pobudi Desertec in Medring, zadevajo več držav članic. Usklajevanje in sodelovanje po vsej Evropi bi moralo vključevati združevanje različnih virov financiranja. Prispevek se bo pričakoval od vseh zainteresiranih strani. Komisija si bo prizadevala, da bi s proračunom EU povečala splošno raven financiranja.

The EU is facing fierce competition in international technology markets. Countries such as China, Japan, South Korea and the USA are pursuing an ambitious industrial strategy in solar, wind and nuclear markets. EU researchers and companies need to increase their efforts to remain at the forefront of the booming international market for energy technology and, where it is mutually beneficial, they should step up cooperation with third countries in specific technologies.

EU se srečuje s hudo konkurenco na mednarodnih trgih tehnologij. Države, kot so Kitajska, Japonska, Južna Koreja in ZDA, izvajajo ambiciozno industrijsko strategijo na trgih sončne, vetrne in jedrske energije. Raziskovalci in podjetja v EU morajo povečati svoja prizadevanja, da bodo ostali na vrhu rastočega mednarodnega trga za energetske tehnologije, in morajo, če je to v vzajemno korist, okrepiti sodelovanje s tretjimi državami na področju določenih tehnologij.

Priority 4: Extending Europe’s leadership in energy technology and innovation Action 1: Implementing the SET Plan without delay The Commission will reinforce the implementation of the SET Plan, in particular the Joint Programmes of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) and the six European Industrial Initiatives (wind; solar; bio energy; smart grids; nuclear fission; and CCS). Work will intensify with Member States to finance the activities of the Technology Roadmaps for 2010-2020 and to ensure the success of related large scale demonstration programmes such as under the New Entrants Reserve (NER300) programme[22]. Available Community funding[23] will be concentrated on the SET Plan initiatives. The Technology Roadmaps of the European Industrial Initiatives for 2010-2020 are being implemented from this year on and will be given additional support. They will be the cornerstone for the preparation of the next financial framework as regards a consolidated, regularly assessed, more efficient and focused energy research programme. In this context, the Commission will promote the development of strategic energy research infrastructures in Europe as they strongly contribute to the shortening of the distance between research and technological development. It will also pursue other avenues with great potential, such as marine renewable energy and renewable heating and cooling. Action 2: The Commission will be launching four new large-scale European projects 1. The Commission will take forward a major European initiative on smart grids to link the whole electricity grid system, from the off-shore wind farms in the North Sea, solar plants in the South and existing hydro-electric dams, to individual households, while making power networks more intelligent, efficient and reliable. 2. Re-establishing Europe’s leadership on electricity storage (both large-scale and for vehicles). Ambitious projects will be developed in the fields of hydro capacity, compressed air storage, battery storage, and other innovative storage technologies such as hydrogen. These will prepare the electricity grid at all voltage levels for the massive uptake of small-scale decentralised and large-scale centralised renewable electricity. 3. Implementing large-scale sustainable biofuel production, including in the light of the ongoing review concerning the impact of indirect land use change. The € 9 billion European Industrial Bioenergy Initiative[24] will be launched shortly to ensure quick market uptake of sustainable second-generation biofuels. 4. Providing cities, urban and rural areas with ways of making greater energy savings. The ‘Smart Cities’ innovation partnership to be launched early 2011 will bring together the best from the areas of renewable energies, energy efficiency, smart electricity grids, clean urban transport such as electro mobility, smart heating and cooling grids, combined with highly innovative intelligence and ICT tools. EU Regional Policy can play an important role in unlocking local potentials. Rural areas also have a significant potential in this respect and could make use of the EARDF that provides financial means to support such innovation projects. Action 3: Ensuring long-term EU technological competitiveness In order to lay the foundations of our future competitiveness in the face of strong international competition, the Commission will propose a € 1 billion-initiative[25] to support the frontier research needed to deliver science necessary for low-carbon energy breakthroughs. EU leadership must also be maintained in the global flagship research project ITER. The Commission will ensure effective governance (including cost containment) and industrial value creation from ITER and the European fusion programme. The Commission will develop an EU research programme for energy materials, allowing the EU energy sector to stay competitive despite dwindling rare earth resources. |

Prednostna naloga 4: Okrepitev vodilne vloge Evrope na področju energetskih tehnologij in inovacij Ukrep 1: Takojšen začetek izvajanja načrta SET Komisija bo okrepila izvajanje načrta SET, zlasti skupnih programov Evropske zveze organizacij za energetsko raziskovanje (EERA) in šest evropskih industrijskih pobud (vetrna energija, sončna energija, energija iz biomase, pametna omrežja, jedrska cepitev ter zajemanje in shranjevanje ogljikovega dioksida). Okrepila bo sodelovanje z državami članicami pri financiranju dejavnosti v okviru tehnoloških časovnih načrtov za obdobje 2010–2020 in za zagotovitev uspeha povezanih obsežnih predstavitvenih programov, zlasti v okviru programa rezerv za nove udeležence (NER300)[22]. Razpoložljiva finančna sredstva Skupnosti[23] bodo osredotočena na pobude v okviru načrta SET. Tehnološki časovni načrti evropskih industrijskih pobud za obdobje 2010–2020 se izvajajo od letošnjega leta in bodo dobili dodatno podporo. Imeli bodo odločilno vlogo pri pripravi naslednjega finančnega okvira, da se omogoči konsolidiran, redno ocenjevan, učinkovitejši in bolj usmerjen raziskovalni program na področju energije. V zvezi s tem bo Komisija spodbujala razvoj strateških infrastruktur za raziskave na področju energije v Evropi, saj veliko prispevajo k zbliževanju raziskav in tehnološkega razvoja. Preučila bo tudi druge možnosti z velikim potencialom, kot so morski obnovljivi viri energije ter ogrevanje in hlajenje iz obnovljivih virov. Ukrep 2: Komisija bo začela štiri nove obsežne evropske projekte 1. Komisija bo nadaljevala veliko evropsko pobudo o pametnih omrežjih, da bi povezala celoten sistem električnega omrežja – od vetrnih elektrarn na Severnem morju, sončnih elektrarn na jugu in obstoječih hidroelektrarn do posameznih gospodinjstev, pri tem pa naj bi omrežja postala inteligentnejša, učinkovitejša in zanesljivejša. 2. Evropa mora ponovno postati vodilna na področju shranjevanja električne energije (v zvezi z obsežnim shranjevanjem in vozili). Na področjih hidro električnega shranjevanja, stisnjenega zraka, baterij in drugih inovativnih tehnologij shranjevanja (npr. vodik) bodo pripravljeni ambiciozni projekti. Z njimi se bo električno omrežje pripravilo na vse stopnje napetosti za obsežen sprejem električne energije, pridobljene iz obnovljivih virov v majhnih decentraliziranih in velikih centraliziranih obratih. 3. Izvajanje obsežne trajnostne proizvodnje biogoriva, tudi ob upoštevanju tekočega pregleda učinka posredne spremembe rabe zemljišča. V kratkem se bo začela evropska industrijska pobuda za energijo iz biomase[24] z 9 milijardami EUR finančnih sredstev, da bi se zagotovilo hitro uvajanje trajnostnih biogoriv druge generacije na trg. 4. Mestom, mestnim in podeželskim območjem omogočati večje prihranke energije. Partnerstvo za inovacije „Pametna mesta“, ki naj bi se začelo v začetku leta 2011, bo združilo najboljše s področij obnovljive energije, energetske učinkovitosti, pametnih električnih omrežij, okolju prijaznega mestnega prevoza, kot je elektromobilnost, pametnih omrežij za ogrevanje in hlajenje ter visoko inovativna obveščevalna orodja in orodja IKT. Regionalna politika EU ima lahko pomembno vlogo pri odkrivanju lokalnih možnosti. Tudi podeželska območja imajo v zvezi s tem velike možnosti in bi lahko izkoristila EKSRP, ki zagotavlja finančna sredstva za podporo takšnih inovativnih projektov. Ukrep 3: Zagotavljanje dolgoročne tehnološke konkurenčnosti EU Da bi zaradi močne mednarodne konkurence ustvarili temelje za konkurenčnost v prihodnosti, bo Komisija predlagala pobudo[25] s sredstvi v višini 1 milijarde EUR za podporo pionirskih raziskav, ki so potrebne za znanstvene prodore na področju nizkoogljične energije. EU mora tudi obdržati vodilno vlogo v svetovnem vodilnem raziskovalnem projektu ITER. Komisija bo zagotovila učinkovito vodenje (vključno z zmanjševanjem stroškov) ter ustvarjanje industrijske vrednosti pri projektu ITER in evropskem fuzijskem programu. Razvila bo raziskovalni program EU za energetske materiale, da bo lahko energetski sektor EU ostal konkurenčen kljub zmanjševanju rednih zemeljskih virov. |

- 5. STRONG INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP, NOTABLY WITH OUR NEIGHBOURS

- 5. Močno mednarodno partnerstvo, zlasti s sosednjimi državami

The European energy market is the world’s largest regional market (over 500 million consumers) and largest energy importer. However, the same collaboration and common purpose that has led to the adoption of the EU’s headline energy and climate targets is not yet evident in external energy policy. Several of the challenges facing the EU — climate change, access to oil and gas, technology development, energy efficiency — are common to most countries and rely on international collaboration. Member States have repeatedly called for the EU to speak with a common voice in third countries. In practice, national initiatives do not leverage the strength of the size of the EU market and could better express the EU interest.

Evropski energetski trg je največji regionalni trg na svetu (z več kot 500 milijonov potrošnikov) in največji uvoznik energije. Vendar v zunanji energetski politiki še ni videti enakega sodelovanja in prizadevanja za skupen namen, ki sta privedla do sprejetja glavnih energetskih in podnebnih ciljev EU. Več izzivov, s katerimi se srečuje EU (podnebne spremembe, dostop do nafte in plina, tehnološki razvij, energetska učinkovitost), je skupnih večini držav in zahteva mednarodno sodelovanje. Države članice so že večkrat pozvale, naj EU enotno nastopa v tretjih državah. Nacionalne pobude v praksi ne izkoriščajo moči, ki izhaja iz velikosti trga EU, in bi lahko bolje izražale interes EU.

International energy policy must pursue the common goals of security of supply, competitiveness and sustainability. While relations with producing and transit countries are important, relations with large energy-consuming nations and particularly emerging and developing countries are of growing significance. To lift people out of poverty will require access to energy since achieving the goal of eradicating extreme poverty by 2015 cannot be met unless substantial progress is made on improving access. In order to ensure that this does not harm other policy goals, sustainable development needs to be at the core of both energy and development policy, such as proposed in the Green Paper on Development Policy[26].

Mednarodna energetska politika si mora prizadevati za skupne cilje zanesljivosti oskrbe, konkurenčnosti in trajnosti. Medtem ko so odnosi z državami proizvajalkami in tranzitnimi državami pomembni, pa po drugi strani postajajo vse bolj pomembni odnosi z državami, ki so velike porabnice energije, državami v vzponu in državami v razvoju. Za premaganje revščine je potreben dostop do energije, saj cilja odprave skrajne revščine do leta 2015 ni mogoče izpolniti brez znatnega napredka pri izboljševanju tega dostopa. Da to ne bi oviralo doseganja drugih ciljev politike, mora biti v središču energetske in razvojne politike trajnosten razvoj, kot je predlagano v zeleni knjigi o razvojni politiki[26].

New patterns of supply and demand in global energy markets and increasing competition for energy resources make it essential for the EU to be able to throw its combined market weight effectively in relations with key third-country energy partners. Europe should be in a position to rely on significant additional energy supply sources and routes by 2020.

Zaradi novih vzorcev ponudbe in povpraševanja na svetovnih energetskih trgih ter vse večje konkurence na področju virov energije je bistveno, da lahko EU svojo združeno tržno težo učinkovito vloži v odnose s ključnimi energetskimi partnerji iz tretjih držav. Evropa bi morala do leta 2020 razpolagati z znatnimi dodatnimi viri oskrbe z energijo in oskrbovalnimi potmi.

The need for international solutions obliges us to push our agenda for decarbonisation and energy efficiency with our main partners and in international negotiations and frameworks. The ETS is a driver of international carbon markets, and further action should build on ongoing action to further develop these markets. As a frontrunner in policy development, the EU has more scope to influence standard-setting environmental issues, and to promote respect for transparent and competitive markets.

Ker potrebujemo mednarodne rešitve, moramo pospešiti naš program za dekarbonizacijo in energetsko učinkovitost z našimi glavnimi partnerji ter v mednarodnih pogajanjih in okvirih. Sistem za trgovanje z emisijami je gonilna sila mednarodnih trgov ogljika. Za nadaljnji razvoj teh trgov bi morali prihodnji ukrepi temeljiti na sedanjih. EU ima kot vodilna pri oblikovanju politike več možnosti, da vpliva na okoljska vprašanja za določanje standardov ter spodbuja spoštovanje transparentnih in konkurenčnih trgov.

The EU already has a series of complementary and targeted frameworks ranging from specific energy provisions in bilateral agreements with third countries (Free Trade Agreements, Partnership and Cooperation Agreements, Association Agreements, etc.) and Memoranda of Understanding on energy cooperation, through to multilateral Treaties such as the Energy Community Treaty[27] and participation in the Energy Charter Treaty. It is currently negotiating with several countries new agreements including important energy provisions.

EU že razpolaga z vrsto dopolnilnih in ciljnih okvirov, ki segajo od posebnih določb o energiji v dvostranskih sporazumih s tretjimi državami (sporazumi o prosti trgovini, sporazumi o partnerstvu in sodelovanju, pridružitveni sporazumi itd.) in memorandumov o soglasju o sodelovanju na področju energije do večstranskih pogodb, kot sta Pogodba o energetski skupnosti[27] in sodelovanje pri Pogodbi o energetski listini. Trenutno z več državami potekajo pogajanja o novih sporazumih s pomembnimi določbami na področju energije.

The EU must now formalise the principle whereby Member States act in the benefit of the EU as a whole in bilateral energy relations with key partners and in global discussions. Building on the legal basis in the Lisbon Treaty, which clarifies and strengthens the external dimension, the EU’s external energy policy must ensure effective solidarity, responsibility and transparency among all Member States, reflecting the EU interest and ensuring the security of the EU’s internal energy market. More effective coordination at EU and Member State level need to be put in place.

EU mora zdaj formalizirati načelo, po katerem države članice v dvostranskih odnosih na področju energije s ključnimi partnerji in v svetovnih razpravah delujejo v korist celotne EU. Zunanja energetska politika EU mora na podlagi pravne podlage v Lizbonski pogodbi, ki pojasnjuje in krepi zunanjo razsežnost, zagotoviti dejansko solidarnost, odgovornost in transparentnost med vsemi državami članicami, pri čemer je treba upoštevati interes EU in zagotoviti zanesljivost notranjega energetskega trga EU. Doseči je treba učinkovitejše usklajevanje na ravni EU in na ravni držav članic.

In the nuclear field, international cooperation has produced good results. This is particularly relevant since various neighbouring countries operate or, plan to operate nuclear power plants. The EU must now encourage partner States to make all existing international nuclear safety and security standards and procedures legally binding and effectively implemented worldwide. The EU is particularly well placed, as it is the first to have taken such action both in the field of safety and security and has specific cooperation instruments for this purpose.

Pri mednarodnem sodelovanju na področju jedrske energije so bili doseženi dobri rezultati. To je zlasti pomembno, ker v različnih sosednjih državah obratujejo ali bodo obratovale jedrske elektrarne. EU mora zdaj partnerske države spodbuditi, da bodo vse obstoječe mednarodne standarde in postopke za jedrsko varnost in zaščito preoblikovale v pravno zavezujoče in jih učinkovito izvajale po vsem svetu. EU je v posebno dobrem položaju, saj je prva, ki ima tovrstne ukrepe na področju varnosti in zaščite, ter razpolaga s posebnimi instrumenti sodelovanja za ta namen.

As well as being vital for the EU's security of supply, the external dimension of EU energy policy must be consistent and mutually reinforcing with other external activities of the EU (development, trade, climate and biodiversity, enlargement, Common Foreign and Security Policy and others). There must be synergies between energy objectives and other policies and instruments including trade, bilateral agreements, and development cooperation instruments and vice-versa.

Zunanja razsežnost energetske politike EU je bistvena za zanesljivost oskrbe EU ter mora biti usklajena z drugimi zunanjimi dejavnostmi EU (razvoj, trgovina, podnebje in biotska raznovrstnost, širitev, skupna zunanja in varnostna politika ter drugo), s katerimi se mora vzajemno krepiti. Med energetskimi cilji ter drugimi politikami in instrumenti, vključno s trgovinskimi instrumenti, dvostranskimi sporazumi, instrumenti razvojnega sodelovanja, morajo obstajati sinergije.

Energy security is closely intertwined with EU's foreign and security priorities[28]. Diversification of fuels, sources of supply and transit routes is essential for EU security as are good governance, respect for the rule of law and protection of EU and foreign investments in energy producing and transit countries. Moreover, EU policy will pay particular attention to safety and security of oil, natural gas pipelines and related production and transport infrastructure by combining energy policy and CFSP instruments.

Varnost oskrbe z energijo je tesno povezana s prednostnimi nalogami EU na področju zunanje in varnostne politike[28]. Diverzifikacija goriv, virov oskrbe in tranzitnih poti je poleg dobrega upravljanja, spoštovanja pravne države ter zaščite naložb EU in tujih naložb v državah, ki proizvajajo energijo, in tranzitnih državah bistvena za zanesljivo oskrbo EU. Poleg tega bo politika EU s kombiniranjem energetske politike ter instrumentov skupne zunanje in varnostne politike namenila posebno pozornost varnosti in zaščiti naftovodov, plinovodov za zemeljski plin ter s tem povezane proizvodne in transportne infrastrukture.

In 2011 the Commission will present concrete proposals to reinforce the overall consistency and efficiency of our external energy policy, involving Member States, various external policies of the European Union and external support programmes.

Leta 2011 bo Komisija predstavila konkretne predloge za okrepitev splošne skladnosti in učinkovitosti naše zunanje energetske politike, ki bodo vključevali države članice, različne zunanje politike Evropske unije in programe zunanje pomoči.

Priority 5: Strengthening the external dimension of the EU energy market

Prednostna naloga 5: Okrepitev zunanjih razsežnosti energetskega trga EU

Action 1: Integrating energy markets and regulatory frameworks with our neighbours

Ukrep 1: Integracija energetskih trgov in regulativnih okvirov z sosednjimi državami

- The Energy Community Treaty should be implemented and extended to all those EU neighbours who are willing to adopt the EU market model. In this context, market integration and regulatory convergence should be pursued through comprehensive EU agreements based on the EU rules in the countries covered by the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Enlargement process, in particular in the Mediterranean region and with transit countries such as Ukraine and Turkey. Moreover, the Energy Community Treaty should be deepened by extending new acquis to the signatories to the Treaty. This approach would strengthen the participation of neighbouring countries in the internal market, while providing a level playing field and a safeguards against the risk of carbon leakage through the power sector.

- Pogodbo o energetski skupnosti bi bilo treba izvajati in jo razširiti na vse sosednje države EU, ki želijo sprejeti tržni model EU. V zvezi s tem bi si bilo treba prizadevati za integracijo trga in regulativno zbliževanje z na pravilih EU temelječimi celovitimi sporazumi EU v državah, ki so vključene v evropsko sosedsko politiko in postopek širitve, zlasti v Sredozemlju in tranzitnih državah, kot sta Ukrajina in Turčija. Poleg tega bi bilo treba Pogodbo o energetski skupnosti poglobiti z razširitvijo novih elementov pravnega reda na podpisnice Pogodbe. Ta pristop bi okrepil sodelovanje sosednjih držav na notranjem trgu, hkrati pa zagotovil enake konkurenčne pogoje in preprečil tveganje selitve virov CO2 prek sektorja električne energije.

- Mechanisms will be proposed by the Commission to align existing international agreements (notably in the gas sector) with the internal market rules and to strengthen cooperation between Member States for the conclusion of new ones. Proposals will also be made to set the required regulatory framework between the EU and third countries to develop strategic routes from new suppliers, notably around the Southern corridor and the Southern Mediterranean. Supply issues, including network development and possibly grouped supply arrangements as well as regulatory aspects, notably concerning the freedom of transit and investment security, would be covered.

- Komisija bo predlagala mehanizme za uskladitev obstoječih mednarodnih sporazumov (zlasti v sektorju plina) s pravili notranjega trga in okrepitev sodelovanja med državami članicami za sklenitev novih sporazumov. Prav tako bo pripravila predloge za določitev regulativnega okvira med EU in tretjimi državami, ki je potreben za razvoj strateških poti od novih dobaviteljev, zlasti okoli južnega koridorja in južnega Sredozemlja. Obravnavana bodo vprašanja oskrbe, vključno z razvojem omrežja in morda tudi dogovori o skupni oskrbi ter regulativni vidiki, zlasti v zvezi s prostim tranzitom in varnostjo naložb

- EU technical assistance will be mobilised for the effective implementation of the internal market acquis and the modernisation of the energy sector in neighbouring countries, while improving the coordination of support schemes provided by the EU, its Member States and the international community.

- Tehnična pomoč EU se bo uporabila za učinkovito izvajanje pravnega reda za notranji trg in posodobitev energetskega sektorja v sosednjih državah, hkrati pa se bo izboljšalo usklajevanje podpornih shem EU, držav članic in mednarodne skupnosti.

Action 2: Establishing privileged partnerships with key partners

Ukrep 2: Vzpostavitev privilegirana partnerstva s ključnimi partnerji

- While pursuing diversification of import sources and routes, reinforced energy partnerships will be established by the EU with key suppliers and transit countries. They will aim at promoting key principles such as those contained in the Energy Charter Treaty (for example the freedom of transit, transparency, safety, investment opportunities as well as compliance with international law).

- Medtem ko si bo EU prizadevala za diverzifikacijo uvoznih virov in poti, bo vzpostavila okrepljena energetska partnerstva s ključnimi državami dobaviteljicami in tranzitnimi državami. Z njimi naj bi se spodbujala ključna načela, kot so načela iz Pogodbe o energetski listini (na primer prosti tranzit, transparentnost, varnost, naložbene priložnosti in skladnost z mednarodnim pravom).

Action 3: Promoting the global role of the EU for a future of low-carbon energy

Ukrep 3: Spodbujanje globalne vloge EU za prihodnost nizkoogljične energije

- Energy efficiency, clean technologies and safe and sustainable low-carbon energy should be integrated into EU and bilateral cooperation activities, particularly with major consumer and emerging economies and with global partnerships.

- Energetsko učinkovitost, čiste tehnologije ter varno in trajnostno nizkoogljično energijo bi bilo treba vključiti v dejavnosti sodelovanja EU in dvostranske dejavnosti sodelovanja, predvsem z velikimi državami potrošnicami, državami v vzponu in globalnimi partnerstvi.

- The Commission will launch a major cooperation with Africa on energy initiatives in order to progressively provide sustainable energy to all citizens, in line with the Green Paper on Development Policy.

- Komisija bo začela obsežno sodelovati z Afriko na področju energetskih pobud, da bi postopoma vsem državljanom zagotovila trajnostno energijo v skladu z zeleno knjigo o razvojni politiki.

Action 4: Promoting legally binding nuclear-safety, security and non-proliferation standards worldwide

Ukrep 4: Spodbujanje pravno zavezujočih standardov jedrske varnosti, zaščite in neširjenja jedrskega orožja po vsem svetu

- The Commission will develop initiatives aiming at encouraging partner States to make international nuclear safety, security and non-proliferation standards and procedures legally binding and effectively implemented around the globe, in particular through reinforced cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency and the conclusion of Euratom agreements with key nuclear suppliers and user countries.

- Komisija bo razvila pobude, s katerimi bo partnerske države spodbudila k preoblikovanju mednarodnih standardov in postopkov jedrske varnosti, zaščite in neširjenja jedrskega orožja v pravno zavezujoče in učinkovito izvajane po vsem svetu, zlasti prek okrepljenega sodelovanja z Mednarodno agencijo za atomsko energijo in sklenitvijo sporazumov Euratom s ključnimi državami dobaviteljicami in porabnicami jedrskega blaga.

CONCLUSIONS

Sklepne ugotovitve

The EU is on the threshold of an unprecedented period for energy policy. Energy markets have been largely cushioned from the effects of global market turbulence in recent years as a result of liberalisation, ample supply and production capacities and adequate import possibilities. However, dramatic changes are afoot. Energy prices will be affected by the huge need for energy sector investments, as well as carbon pricing and higher international energy prices. Competitiveness, supply security and climate objectives will be undermined unless electricity grids are upgraded, obsolete plants are replaced by competitive and cleaner alternatives and energy is used more efficiently throughout the whole energy chain.

EU je na pragu nove dobe na področju energetske politike. Energetski trgi so bili zaradi liberalizacije, velikih dobavnih in proizvodnih zmogljivosti ter ustreznih uvoznih možnosti pretežno zaščiteni pred učinki svetovnih tržnih pretresov v zadnjih letih. Prihajajo pa velike spremembe. Velika potreba po naložbah v energetskem sektorju, cene emisij CO2 in višje cene energije na svetovnih trgih bodo vplivale na cene energije. Konkurenčnost, zanesljivost oskrbe in podnebni cilji bodo ogroženi, če se ne bodo nadgradila električna omrežja, zastareli obrati zamenjali s konkurenčnimi in čistejšimi alternativami ter če se energija ne bo učinkoviteje uporabljala v celotni energetski verigi.

Member States and industry have recognised the scale of the challenges. Secure energy supplies, an efficient use of resources, affordable prices and innovative solutions are crucial to our long-term sustainable growth, job creation and quality of life. Member States have agreed that these challenges will be tackled most effectively by policies and action at EU level, by ‘Europeanising’ energy policy. This includes directing EU funding support towards public priorities that markets fail to meet and that bring the most European value.

Države članice in industrija se zavedajo, kako veliki so ti izzivi. Zanesljiva oskrba z energijo, učinkovita raba virov, dostopne cene in inovativne rešitve so bistveni za našo dolgoročno trajnostno rast, ustvarjanje delovnih mest in kakovost življenja. Države članice so se strinjale, da se bodo ti izzivi najučinkoviteje rešili s politikami in ukrepi na ravni EU. To vključuje usmerjanje finančne podpore EU k javnim prednostnim nalogam, ki jih trgi ne morejo izpolniti in ki prinašajo največjo evropsko vrednost.

The new EU energy strategy will require significant efforts in technical innovation and investment. It will foster a dynamic and competitive market and will lead to a major strengthening of institutional arrangements to monitor and guide these developments. It will improve the security and the sustainability of energy systems, grid management, and energy market regulation. It will include extensive efforts to inform and empower domestic and business consumers, to involve them in the switch to a sustainable energy future, for example by saving energy, reducing wastage and switching to low-carbon technologies and fuels. Investments in low-carbon energy production will be further encouraged by market-based instruments such as emissions trading and taxation. The new strategy will take the first steps to prepare the EU for the greater challenges which it may well have to face already by 2020. Above all, it will ensure better leadership and coordination at the European level, both for internal action and in relations with external partners.

Nova energetska strategija EU bo zahtevala znatna prizadevanja za tehnične inovacije in naložbe. Spodbujala bo dinamičen in konkurenčen trg ter bo okrepila institucionalne ureditve za spremljanje in usmerjanje tega razvoja. Izboljšala bo zanesljivost in trajnost energetskih sistemov, upravljanja omrežij in ureditev energetskega trga. Vključevala bo velika prizadevanja za obveščanje zasebnih in poslovnih potrošnikov ter krepitev njihove moči, da bodo sodelovali pri prehodu v trajnostno energetsko prihodnost, na primer z varčevanjem energije, zmanjšanjem zapravljanja ter prehodom na nizkoogljične tehnologije in goriva. Naložbe v nizkoogljično proizvodnjo energije se bodo nadalje spodbujale s tržnimi instrumenti, kot sta trgovanje z emisijami in obdavčitev. Z novo strategijo bodo narejeni prvi koraki za pripravo EU na večje izzive, s katerimi se bo morda srečala že v obdobju do leta 2020. Predvsem pa bo strategija zagotovila boljše vodenje in usklajevanje na evropski ravni v zvezi z notranjimi ukrepi in odnosi z zunanjimi partnerji.

The global energy system is entering a phase of rapid transition with potentially far-reaching implications that will unfold in the next decades. Europe has to act before the window of opportunity closes. Time is short. Thus, the Commission will present most of the proposals to achieve the 2020 goals in the coming 18 months. Discussion, adoption and implementation will be needed quickly. In this way, the EU will be better able to put in place the building blocks for the 2020 outcome – standards, rules, regulations, plans, projects, financial and human resources, technology markets, social expectations etc. – and prepare Europe's citizens for the challenges ahead.

Svetovni energetski sistem vstopa v fazo hitrega prehoda z morebitnimi daljnosežnimi posledicami v naslednjih desetletjih. Evropa mora ukrepati, preden bo prepozno. In časa ni veliko. Zato bo Komisije v prihodnjih 18 mesecih predstavila večino predlogov za uresničitev ciljev za leto 2020. Nato pa bodo morali hitro slediti razprave, sprejetje in izvajanje. EU bo tako lažje postavila temelje za rezultate za leto 2020 – standarde, pravila, predpise, načrte, projekte, finančne in človeške vire, trge tehnologij, družbena pričakovanja itd. – in državljane Evrope pripravila na prihajajoče izzive.

Due to the long lead in times for energy system changes, taking action today does not guarantee that the structural changes needed for the low-carbon transition will be completed in the period to 2020, which this strategy covers. It is therefore necessary to look beyond the timescale of the present strategy to ensure that the EU is well prepared for the 2050 objective of a secure, competitive and low-carbon energy system. The Commission will therefore follow up this strategy with a complete roadmap for 2050 which will set the measures covered in this paper in a longer term and consider further and complementary steps.

Ker je za spremembe energetskega sistem potrebno veliko časa, ukrepanje danes ne pomeni, da bodo strukturne spremembe, potrebne za prehod na nizkoogljični sistem, končane v obdobju do leta 2020, ki ga zajema ta strategija. Da bo Evropa dobro pripravljena na cilj za leto 2050, tj. zanesljiv, konkurenčen in nizkoogljični energetski sistem, je treba misliti na obdobje, ki presega sedanjo strategijo. Komisija bo zato po tej strategiji predložila popolni časovni načrt za leto 2050, v katerem bodo ukrepi iz tega dokumenta postavljeni v dolgoročnejši okvir ter obravnavani nadaljnji in dopolnilni ukrepi.

[1] Article 194 of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (TFUE).

[1] Člen 194 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije (PDEU).

[2] The European Council specified: "provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions and economically more advanced developing countries to contributing adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities"

[2] Evropski svet je navedel: „pod pogojem, da se druge razvite države prav tako zavežejo k podobnemu cilju zmanjšanja emisij in da gospodarsko naprednejše države v razvoju zagotovijo ustrezen prispevek glede na svoje odgovornosti in zmožnosti.“

[3] Communication from the Commission (doc. 7110/10 of 5 March 2010).

[3] Sporočilo Komisije (dok. 7110/10 z dne 5. marca 2010).

[4] As evidenced by the Commission's Energy Sector Inquiry, Communication from the Commission of 1 January 2007 Inquiry pursuant to Article 17 of Regulation (EC)No 1/2003 into the European gas and electricity sectors - COM(2006) 851 - and the high number of investigations into anti-competitive behaviour in the sector (e.g. IP/10/494 of 4 May 2010).

[4] To dokazujejo raziskava energetskega sektorja, ki jo je opravila Komisija, sporočilo Komisije z dne 1. januarja 2007 Preiskava na podlagi člena 17 Uredbe (ES) št. 1/2003 v panogi plina in elektroenergetski panogi – COM(2006) 851, in številne druge preiskave nekonkurenčnega ravnanja v sektorju (npr. IP/10/494 z dne 4. maja 2010).

[5] Study of the functioning of retail electricity markets for consumers in the European Union, November 2010.

[5] Študija o delovanju maloprodajnih trgov električne energije za potrošnike v Evropski uniji, november 2010.

[6] ENTSO-Electricity has estimated that the EU needs to build or renew 30 000 km of network cables in the next ten years.

[6] Po ocenah ENTSO za električno energijo bo morala EU v naslednjih desetih letih EU položiti ali obnoviti 30 000 km omrežnih kablov.

[7] E.g. IEA World Energy Outlooks 2009 and 2010.

[7] Npr. World Energy Outlooks IEA za 2009 in 2010.

[8] Communication on an "integrated industrial policy for the globalisation era" (COM 2010) 619

[8] Sporočilo o celostni industrijski politiki za dobo globalizacije, COM(2010) 619.

[9] For example, it is estimated that electricity prices in Europe is 21% more expensive than in the United States or 197% more expensive than in China.

[9] Na primer cene električne energije v Evropi so po ocenah 21 % višje kot v Združenih državah in 197 % višje kot na Kitajskem.

[10] Issue 26, August 2010.

[10] Izdaja 26, avgust 2010.

[11] International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2010.

[11] Mednarodna agencija za energijo, World Energy Outlook 2010.

[12] COM(2008) 772.

[12] COM(2008) 772.

[13] Effort Sharing Decision No. 406/2009/EC.

[13] Odločba o skupnih prizadevanjih št. 406/2009/ES.

[14] Specific actions have been set out in the Digital Agenda for Europe, COM(2010)245.

[14] Konkretni ukrepi so določeni v digitalni agendi za Evropo, COM(2010) 245.

[15] Notably with regard to the possible cumulative effects of different market based measures

[15] Zlasti v zvezi z možnimi kumulativnimi učinki različnih tržnih ukrepov.

[16] Report on progress in creating the internal gas and electricity market - COM(2010) 84.

[16] Poročilo o napredku pri oblikovanju notranjega trga s plinom in električno energijo – COM(2010) 84.

[17] After the Energy Sector Inquiry revealed manifold competition problems in the energy sector, which led to the adoption of nine major antitrust decisions, the Commission continues assessing the competitive landscape in European energy markets.

[17] Potem ko je raziskava energetskega sektorja pokazala raznovrstne težave na področju konkurence v energetskem sektorju, zaradi katerih je bilo sprejetih devet večjih protimonopolnih odločb, Komisija še vedno ocenjuje konkurenčno okolje na evropskih energetskih trgih.

[18] The European Commission has set up a smart grid task force to discuss the implementation of smart grids at the European level: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskforce_en.htm.

[18] Evropska komisija je ustanovila projektno skupino za pametna omrežja, ki naj bi razpravljala o vzpostavitvi pametnih omrežij na evropski ravni: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskforce_en.htm.

[19] E.g. Baltic Energy Market, Mediterranean Ring.

[19] Npr. baltski energetski trg, sredozemski obroč.

[20] An electricity target model has been developed in the context of Florence forum, in the so called Ad-Hoc Advisory Group. The guidelines and codes to implement this target model are being prepared. A target model for gas is being developed in the framework of the Madrid Forum.

[20] Ciljni model za električno energijo je bil razvit v okviru firenškega foruma, v okviru tako imenovane ad hoc svetovalne skupine. Pripravljajo se smernice in oznake za izvajanje tega ciljnega modela. Ciljni model za plin se razvija v okviru madridskega foruma.

[21] SEC(2010)1161, 6 October 2010.

[21] SEC(2010) 1161 z dne 6. oktobra 2010.

[22] The revised ETS directive (2009/29/EC) foresees that 300 m ETS allowances from the New Entrants Reserve (NER) shall be available to support commercial-scale CCS and innovative RES demonstration projects in the territory of the Union.

[22] V revidirani Direktivi ETS (2009/29/ES) je določeno, da bo 300 milijonov pravic iz rezerve za nove udeležence sistema za trgovanje z emisijami na voljo za komercialne predstavitvene projekte zajemanja in shranjevanja ogljikovega dioksida ter za inovativne predstavitvene projekte na področju obnovljivih virov energije na ozemlju Unije.

[23] Funding available under the current Financial Perspectives.

[23] Finančna sredstva, na voljo v okviru sedanje finančne perspektive.

[24] See footnote 23.

[24] Glej opombo 23.

[25] See footnote 23.

[25] Glej opombo 23.

[26] Non-OECD countries could account for all the projected growth in CO2 emissions by 2030; however, ensuring universal access to modern energy services for all only mean a rise of 0.8% of CO2 emissions, IEA World Energy Outlook 2009 and special early excerpt of the IEA WEO 2010 for the Millenium Development Goals Summit.

[26] Državam, ki niso članice OECD, bi bilo mogoče pripisati celotno napovedano povečanje emisij CO2 do leta 2030; zagotavljanje splošnega dostopa do sodobnih energetskih storitev za vse pa pomeni samo 0,8-odstotno povečanje emisij CO2 (World Energy Outlook 2009, IEA, in poseben izvleček pred objavo World Energy Outlook 2010 IEA za vrh o razvojnih ciljih tisočletja).

[27] The Energy Community Treaty is promoting market integration but also acquis transposition and implementation in the Western Balkans and is extending the EU internal energy market to South East Europe. This is not only a framework of cooperation but a legally binding instrument to prepare accession to the EU. Other parties are joining the Energy Community Treaty: Moldova is already a member; Ukraine and Turkey are in the process of joining.

[27] Pogodba o energetski skupnosti spodbuja integracijo trga ter prenos in izvajanje pravnega reda na zahodnem Balkanu, poleg tega pa razširja notranji energetski trg EU na jugovzhodno Evropo. Pri tem ne gre samo za okvir sodelovanja, ampak za pravno zavezujoč instrument za pripravo na pristop k EU. Pogodbi o energetski skupnosti se priključujejo tudi druge države: Moldavija je že članica, Ukrajina in Turčija pa sta v postopku priključitve.

[28] European Security Strategy adopted by the European Council in December 2003.

[28] Evropska varnostna strategija, ki jo decembra 2003 sprejel Evropski svet.