[pic] | COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES |

[pic] | KOMISIJA EVROPSKIH SKUPNOSTI |

Brussels, 4.7.2006

Bruselj, 4.7.2006

COM(2006) 367 final

COM(2006) 367 konč.

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE

Towards an EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child

Strategiji EU o otrokovih pravicah naproti{SEC(2006) 888}{SEC(2006) 889}

{SEC(2006) 888}{SEC(2006) 889}

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION

Strategiji EU o otrokovih pravicah naproti

Towards an EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child

I Zadevna vprašanja

I. ISSUES AT STAKE

To sporočilo vsebuje predlog za oblikovanje obsežne strategije EU, s katero se učinkovito podpira in zaščiti otrokove pravice v notranjih in zunanjih politikah Evropske unije ter podpira prizadevanja držav članic na tem področju. Otroci, to pomeni osebe, mlajše od 18 let, kakor v Konvenciji ZN o otrokovih pravicah (KZNOP) [1], sestavljajo tretjino svetovnega prebivalstva.

This Communication proposes to establish a comprehensive EU strategy to effectively promote and safeguard the rights of the child in the European Union's internal and external policies and to support Member States’ efforts in this field. Children, understood here as persons below the age of 18, as in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child[1] (UNCRC), make up one third of the world’s population.

I.1. Otrokove pravice – prednostna naloga EU

I.1. Children's rights – a priority for the EU

Otrokove pravice so del človekovih pravic, ki jih morajo spoštovati države članice in EU v skladu z mednarodnimi in evropskimi pogodbami, predvsem s KZNOP in izbirnimi protokoli Konvencije[2], vključno z razvojnimi cilji novega tisočletja[3] ter Evropsko konvencijo o človekovih pravicah[4]. EU je izrecno priznala pravice otrok v Evropski listini o temeljnih pravicah[5], posebej v členu 24.

Children’s rights form part of the human rights that the EU and the Member States are bound to respect under international and European treaties, in particular the UNCRC and its Optional Protocols[2], including also the Millennium Development Goals[3]; and the European Convention on Human Rights[4] (ECHR). The EU explicitly recognised children’s rights in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights[5], specifically in Article 24.

Komisija je opredelila pravice otrok kot eno svojih poglavitnih prednostnih nalog v Sporočilu Komisije o strateških ciljih 2005–2009: „ Posebno pozornost je treba posvetiti učinkovitemu varstvu pravic otrok pred gospodarskim izkoriščanjem in vsemi oblikami zlorabe, pri čemer bi se moral preostanek sveta zgledovati po Uniji “[6]. V tem okviru se je skupina komisarjev za temeljne pravice, nediskriminacijo in enake možnosti aprila 2005 odločila, da bo sprožila posebno pobudo za pospeševanje krepitve, varstva in uveljavitve otrokovih pravic v notranjih in zunanjih politikah EU.

The Commission identified children's rights as one of its main priorities in its Communication on Strategic Objectives 2005-2009: “ A particular priority must be effective protection of the rights of children, both against economic exploitation and all forms of abuse, with the Union acting as a beacon to the rest of the world ”[6]. In this context, the Group of Commissioners on Fundamental Rights, Non-discrimination and Equal Opportunities decided in April 2005 to launch a specific initiative to advance the promotion, protection and fulfilment of children’s rights in the internal and external policies of the EU.

Marca 2006 je Evropski svet države članice pozval, naj „ sprejmejo ukrepe, ki so potrebni za hitro in bistveno zmanjšanje revščine otrok, pri čemer bodo imeli vsi otroci enake možnosti, ne glede na njihovo socialno okolje “.

In March 2006, the European Council requested the Member States “ to take necessary measures to rapidly and significantly reduce child poverty, giving all children equal opportunities, regardless of their social background ”.

To sporočilo izvaja te sklepe.

This communication gives effect to these decisions.

I.2. Položaj otrokovih pravic v EU in po svetu

I.2. The situation of children's rights in the EU and globally

Otrokom je dodeljen cel sklop človekovih pravic. Vendar je nujno potrebno, da se otrokove pravice priznajo kot sklop neodvisnih zadev in ne kot zadeve, ki so preprosto del širših prizadevanj za vključevanje človekovih pravic na splošno. To je primerno, saj se nekatere pravice uporabljajo izključno ali posebej za otroke, na primer pravica do izobraževanja in pravica do vzdrževanja osebnih stikov z obema staršema. Obveznosti na področju otrokovih pravic sprejemajo skoraj vse države na svetu, to pa tudi zagotavlja posebej trdno podlago za dejavno sodelovanje med Evropsko komisijo in državami, ki niso članice EU, kar je prednost, ki se ne uporablja pri vseh vprašanjih človekovih pravic. Končno je EU jasno opredelila podpiranje otrokovih pravic kot posebno vprašanje, ki je upravičeno do posebnega ukrepanja.

Children are vested with the full range of human rights. It is, however, vital that children’s rights be recognised as a self-standing set of concerns and not simply subsumed into wider efforts to mainstream human rights in general. This is appropriate since certain rights have an exclusive or particular application to children, for example the right to education and the right to maintain relations with both parents. Also, the almost universal acceptance by States of obligations in the field of children’s rights provides a particularly robust basis for engagement between the European Commission and non-EU countries: an advantage which does not apply to all human rights issues. Finally, the EU has clearly identified the promotion of children’s rights as a separate issue meriting specific action.

Otrokove pravice in potrebe se ne smejo obravnavati ločeno – spoštovanje in podpiranje pravic vseh otrok mora potekati vzporedno s potrebnim ukrepanjem za zadovoljevanje njihovih osnovnih potreb.

The rights and the needs of the child should be seen together: respecting and promoting the rights of all children should go hand in hand with the necessary action to address their basic needs.

Treba je poudariti, da se je evropsko povezovanje, kar zadeva obravnavanje pravic in potreb otrok, če ga primerjamo z dramatičnim položajem v mnogih drugih delih sveta, izkazalo za uspešno. Vendar položaj v Uniji še vedno ni zadovoljiv. Novi izzivi, povezani z globalizacijo in demografskim tveganjem, lahko ogrozijo evropski način življenja, če ne obravnavajo dovolj odločno. To bi lahko imelo pomembne posledice na položaj otrok v Evropi. Zato je ideja, da bi se v EU oblikovale družbe, ki bi bile otrokom prijazne, povezana s potrebo po nadaljnjem poglabljanju in utrjevanju evropskega povezovanja.

Its worth to highlight that the European integration has been proven to be a success story in addressing rights and needs of children, if compared to the dramatic situation in many other parts of the world. However the situation within the Union is still not satisfactory. The new challenges linked to globalisation and the demography risk undermining the European way of life if not decisively addressed. These could have significant repercussions on the situation of children in Europe. Therefore the idea of creating children friendly societies within the EU can not be separated from the need to further deepen and consolidate European integration.

I.3. Pravna podlaga za strategijo EU

I.3. Legal basis for an EU strategy

V okviru pogodb in sodne prakse Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti[7] EU nima splošne pristojnosti na področju temeljnih pravic, vključno z otrokovimi pravicami. Vendar mora EU na podlagi člena 6(2) Pogodbe o Evropski uniji (PEU) spoštovati temeljne pravice pri vsakem ukrepu, ki ga sprejme, v skladu s svojimi pristojnostmi. Te pravice vključujejo predvsem Evropsko konvencijo o človekovih pravicah, ki vsebuje določbe v zvezi z otrokovimi pravicami. Poleg tega je treba v celoti upoštevati določbe KZNOP. Listino o temeljnih pravicah, neodvisno od njenega pravnega statusa, se lahko obravnava kot posebej verodostojen izraz temeljnih pravic, ker jih potrjuje kot splošna pravna načela.

Under the Treaties and the case law of the Court of Justice[7], the EU does not have general competence in the area of fundamental rights, including children’s rights. However, under Article 6.2 of the Treaty on the European Union (TEU), the EU must respect fundamental rights in whatever action it takes in accordance with its competences. These rights include in particular the ECHR, which contains provisions concerning children's rights. Moreover, the provisions of the UNCRC must be taken fully into account. The Charter of Fundamental Rights, independently of its legal status, may be seen as a particularly authentic expression of fundamental rights guaranteed as general principles of law.

Obveznost EU, da spoštuje temeljne pravice, vključno z otrokovimi pravicami, ne obsega le splošne dolžnosti, da se vzdrži dejanj, ki kršijo te pravice, ampak tudi, kadar je to primerno, da jih upošteva pri vodenju lastnih politik v okviru različnih pravnih podlag pogodb (redno vključevanje v te podlage). Poleg tega različne posebne pristojnosti v okviru pogodb, ne glede na zgoraj navedeno pomanjkanje splošne pristojnosti[8], omogočajo posebej pozitivno ukrepanje za zaščito in podporo otrokovih pravic. Pri vsakem takem ukrepu je treba upoštevati načela subsidiarnosti in sorazmernosti, prav tako se ne sme posegati v pristojnosti držav članic. Predvideni so lahko številni različni instrumenti in metode, vključno z zakonodajnim ukrepom, nezavezujočimi akti, finančno pomočjo ali političnim dialogom.

The EU's obligation to respect fundamental rights, including children's rights, implies not only a general duty to abstain from acts violating these rights, but also to take them into account wherever relevant in the conduct of its own policies under the various legal bases of the Treaties (mainstreaming). Moreover, notwithstanding the above-mentioned lack of general competence[8], various particular competencies under the Treaties do allow to take specific positive action to safeguard and promote children's rights. Any such action needs to respect the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality and must not encroach on the competence of the Member States. A number of different instruments and methods can be envisaged, including legislative action, soft-law, financial assistance or political dialogue.

I.4. Položaj otrok danes

I.4. The situation of children today

Kakor je bilo poudarjeno med posebnim zasedanjem ZN o otrocih leta 2002, obstaja velikanska vrzel med dobrimi nameni mednarodnih pogodb in resničnimi pogoji, kot so revščina, zanemarjanje in izkoriščanje, v katerih so milijoni otrok po svetu prisiljeni živeti. Kljub napredku na nekaterih področjih je treba storiti še veliko[9].

As highlighted during the 2002 UN Special Session on Children, an enormous gap exists between the good intentions of international treaties and the real-life conditions of poverty, neglect and exploitation that millions of children worldwide are forced to endure. In spite of progress achieved in some areas, much remains to be done[9].

Od rojstva do odraslosti imajo otroci precej drugačne potrebe na različnih stopnjah razvoja svojih življenj. V prvih petih letih otrok potrebuje predvsem varstvo in zdravstveno varstvo. Otroci od 5 do 12 leta še vedno potrebujejo varstvo, a imajo tudi druge potrebe: za otroke je očitno bistvena pravica do izobraževanja, da se lahko razvijajo v družbi. Kot najstniki se otroci srečujejo z novimi potrebami in odgovornostmi. Najstniki morajo na primer izraziti svoja stališča glede odločitev, ki vplivajo na njihova življenja. Nadalje revščina staršev in socialna izključenost resno omejujeta možnosti, ki jih imajo otroci, pa tudi njihov dostop do njihovih pravic, ter tako ogrožata prihodnjo dobrobit družbe kot celote. Poleg tega na položaj otrok vpliva tudi kraj, kjer živijo.

From birth to adulthood, children have very different needs at different developmental stages of their lives. In the first five years, the child is particularly in need of protection and health care. From the age of 5 to 12 years, children are still in need of protection but also develop other needs: the right to education is obviously essential for children to be able to develop in society. As teenagers, children face new needs and responsibilities. Adolescents need, for example, to express their views on decisions which affect their lives. Moreover, parental poverty and social exclusion seriously limit the opportunities open to children and their access to their rights, thus compromising the future well-being of society as a whole. In addition, the place where children are living also influences their situation.

I.4.1. Položaj v svetu

I.4.1. Global situation

Od 2,2 milijarde otrok na svetu jih skupaj 86 % živi v državah v razvoju, v teh državah je tudi več kot 95 % otrok, ki umrejo pred petim letom starosti, nimajo dostopa do osnovnošolskega izobraževanja oziroma morajo prisilno delati ali so žrtev spolne zlorabe. Več kot polovica vseh mater na svetu nima ustreznih pravic, vključno z oskrbo med nosečnostjo in rojstvom otroka. Ta položaj otežuje prihodnost številnih otrok od trenutka njihovega rojstva.

Of the 2.2 billion children in the world, 86% live in developing countries and over 95% of the children dying before the age of five, lacking access to primary education or suffering forced labour or sexual abuse are also located in these countries. Over half of all mothers in the world lack adequate rights including care during pregnancy and childbirth. This situation handicaps the future of many children from the moment of birth.

Ena tretjina vseh otrok v prvih petih letih življenja nima primerne hrane in so do določene stopnje podhranjeni. To ne vpliva samo na njihovo zdravje in možnosti preživetja, ampak tudi na njihove sposobnosti za učenje in razvoj. Poleg neustreznega prehranjevanja živi mnogo otrok v pogojih z omejenim dostopom do neoporečne vode, slabimi zdravstvenimi ukrepi in onesnaženjem v prostorih ter nimajo dostopa do primerne zdravstvene preventive in zdravstvenega varstva. Posledično več kot deset milijonov otrok, starih manj kot pet let, vsako leto umre zaradi bolezni, ki jih je lahko preprečiti ali zdraviti, ena milijarda otrok pa ima v svojem telesnem, intelektualnem in/ali psihičnem razvoju motnje, ki so pogosto nepopravljive.

During the first five years of life, one third of all children lack adequate food and develop some degree of malnutrition. This affects not only their health and chances of survival, but also their ability to learn and develop. Besides receiving inadequate nutrition, many children live in conditions with limited access to safe water, poor sanitation and indoor pollution and lack of access to adequate disease prevention and health care. As a result, over ten million children under five die every year from diseases which are easy to prevent or treat, and one billion children suffer impaired physical, intellectual and/or psychological development which is often irreversible.

Ena šestina otrok (povečini deklet) ni vpisanih v osnovno šolo in ne bo imela možnosti za učenje, razvoj in vključitev v družbo. Po svetu mora delati več kot 218 milijonov otrok[10]. Več kot 5,7 milijona otrok (nekateri niso še niti najstniki) dela v posebej grozljivih okoliščinah, vključno z dejanskim suženjstvom in prisilnim delom, in ocenjuje se, da je 1,2 milijona otrok žrtev trgovine z ljudmi[11]. V katerem koli danem trenutku se jih približno 300 000[12] kot otroci vojaki bori v več kot 30 oboroženih spopadih po vsem svetu.

One sixth of all children (predominantly girls) are not enrolled in primary school and will lack opportunities to learn, develop and integrate in society. Worldwide, some 218 million children can be found at work[10]. Over 5.7 million children (some even not yet adolescents) work under especially horrific circumstances, including virtual slavery of bonded labour, and an estimated 1.2 million children are victims of trafficking in human beings[11]. At any given time, some 300 000[12] are fighting as child soldiers in more than 30 armed conflicts all over the world.

Ocenjeno je, da je 130 milijonov deklet in žensk po svetu žrtev pohabljanja ženskih spolnih organov, poleg tega vsako leto tako pohabljanje prestane dva milijona deklet večinoma v obredu iniciacije pri vstopu v odraslost. Ena tretjina vseh deklet je prisiljena v spolne odnose, ena petina se mora prisilno poročiti[13] in približno 14 milijonov deklet med 15 in 19 letom starosti vsako leto rodi. Več kot en milijon najstnikov se je lani okužilo z virusom HIV, od tega dve tretjini deklet. Več kot en milijon otrok po svetu živi v priporu, kot posledica nasprotja z zakonom, in velik del teh otrok ni deležen posebne pozornosti in varstva, ki ju potrebuje. Obstajajo tudi otroci, katerih pravicam in potrebam je treba posvečati posebno pozornost: in sicer več kot 200 milijonov otrok živi s težko invalidnostjo in 140 milijonov otrok je sirot, število teh otrok narašča zaradi HIV-a/AIDS-a.

An estimated 130 million girls and women worldwide have undergone Female Genital Mutilation, with another two million girls being affected each year, often through initiation rites at the break of adolescence. One third of all girls are subject to coercive sexual relations, one fifth are subjected to forced marriages[13] and some 14 million girls between the ages of 15 and 19 give birth each year. Over one million adolescents became infected last year with HIV, two thirds of them girls. More than one million children worldwide live in detention as a result of conflict with the law and a large proportion lack the special attention and protection they need. There are also children who deserve particular attention to their rights and needs: over 200 million children live with serious disabilities and 140 million children are orphans, a number that is growing due to HIV/AIDS.

I.4.2. V EU

I.4.2. In the EU

EU doživlja zdaj pomembne gospodarske, politične, okoljske in socialne spremembe, ki vplivajo tudi na otroke. Otroci v EU se srečujejo z večjim tveganjem relativne revščine kot prebivalstvo na splošno (20 % za otroke od 0–15 leta starosti in 21 % za otroke od 16–24 leta starosti, v primerjavi s 16 % za odrasle). Otroci, ki živijo pri revnih starših ali ki ne morejo živeti s svojimi starši, ter otroci nekaterih narodnostnih skupnosti, kot so Romi, so posebej izpostavljeni revščini, izključevanju in diskriminaciji. Poleg tega otroci – še zlasti revni otroci – mnogo bolj trpijo zaradi uničevanja okolja. S tem ko je EU je uvrstila strategijo za večjo trajnostno rast z več in boljšimi delovnimi mesti med prve točke evropskega dnevnega reda, je začela obravnavati te izzive. Njen uspeh je osnovni pogoj za vključene evropske družbe, v katerih so tudi pravice in potrebe otrok sedanjih in prihodnjih generacij trdno zasidrane.

Today, the EU is experiencing significant economic, political, environmental and social changes that also affect children. Children in the EU face a higher risk of relative poverty than the population as a whole (20% for children aged 0-15 and 21% for those aged 16-24, compared to 16% for adults). Children living with poor parents or who cannot live with their parents, as well as children from some ethnic communities, such as the Roma, are particularly exposed to poverty, exclusion and discrimination. Moreover, children – and poor children in particular – suffer disproportionately from environmental degradation. The EU has started to address these challenges when putting its strategy for more sustainable growth and more and better jobs on the top of the European agenda. Its success is a precondition for inclusive European societies in which also the rights and the needs of children of the present and of future generations are firmly anchored.

V zadnjih letih so prišla po vsej Evropi v ospredje vprašanja identitete. Ob dolgoletnih manifestiranjih vseh oblik rasizma, je sovražnost do in strah pred „tujci“ postal vedno bolj zaskrbljujoč pojav v družbah EU. Otroci iz manjšin so lahke tarče takega rasizma. Na nekatere otroke iz večinskega prebivalstva pa z lahkoto vplivajo poenostavljene rešitve, ki jih prikazujejo skrajni politiki in stranke.

Issues of identity have also come to the fore across Europe in recent years. Alongside long-standing manifestations of all forms of racism, hostility towards and fear of ‘outsiders’ has become an increasingly worrying phenomenon in EU societies. Children from minorities are easy targets for such racism. Conversely, some children from majority populations may be readily swayed by the simplistic solutions presented by extremist politicians and parties.

Nasilje nad otroki povzroča vedno večjo zaskrbljenost znotraj EU v zadnjih letih. Ima mnogo oblik – od nasilja v družini in šolah, do zadev z nadnacionalno razsežnostjo, vključno s trgovino z otroki in izkoriščanjem, otroškim spolnim turizmom in otroško pornografijo na spletu. Drug izziv je zagotoviti, da se pravice otrok kot priseljencev, prosilcev za azil in beguncev v celoti spoštujejo v pravu in politikah EU in držav članic.

Violence against children has been of increasing concern within the EU in recent years. It takes a range of forms, from violence in the family and in schools, to issues with a transnational dimension, including child trafficking and exploitation, child sex tourism and child pornography on the internet. Another challenge is to ensure that the rights of children as immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees are fully respected in the EU and in Member States' legislation and policies.

Več kot 50 % zdravil, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje otrok, ni bilo več desetletij preskušenih in odobrenih za uporabo pri otrocih, zaradi česar je težko vedeti, ali bo zdravilo resnično učinkovito, in kakšni so morebitni stranski učinki. Ta problematika se zdaj obravnava s pediatrično uredbo, ki bo sprejeta v kratkem.

Over decades, more than 50% of the medicines used to treat children have not been tested and authorised for use on children, making it difficult to know whether the medicine will be truly effective and what the side effects may be. This probleme has now been addressed by the paediatric regulation, which will be adopted shortly.

II Zakaj je strategija EU o otrokovih pravicah potrebna

II. WHY AN EU STRATEGY ON CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IS NEEDED

II.1. Dodana vrednost ukrepanja EU

II.1. The added value of EU action

Kakor je navedeno zgoraj, se otrokovih pravic na splošno še zdaleč ne spoštuje in osnovne potrebe vsakega otroka v EU niso zadovoljene.

As stated above, children’s rights are still far from being generally respected, and basic needs are not being met for each and every child within the EU.

Evropska unija lahko zagotovi bistveno in temeljno dodano vrednost na področju otrokovih pravic. Prvič, temelji lahko na njeni dolgi tradiciji ter pravnih in političnih zavezah glede človekovih pravic na splošno in predvsem glede otrokovih pravic. Pomen EU in njena prisotnost po svetu sta dovolj velika, da uvrsti otrokove pravice v ospredje mednarodnih prizadevanj, in sicer lahko uporabi to svojo prisotnost in vpliv za učinkovito podporo univerzalnih človekovih pravic na nacionalni ravni povsod po svetu, zlasti glede otrok. Prav tako lahko podpira in posveča pozornost potrebam otrok na podlagi evropskega modela socialne zaščite, pa tudi lastnih političnih zavez in programov na različnih področjih.

The European Union can bring essential and fundamental added value in the field of children’s rights. First of all, it can build on its long tradition and legal and political commitments with regard to human rights in general and children’s rights in particular. It has the necessary weight and presence to push children’s rights to the forefront of international agendas and can use its global presence and influence to effectively promote universal human rights at national level worldwide, particularly with regard to children. It can also promote and support attention to children’s needs, drawing on the European model of social protection and on its policy commitments and programmes in different fields.

Unija lahko podpira prizadevanja držav članic, tako da jim po eni strani pomaga, da na določenih področjih pri svojem ukrepanju upoštevajo otrokove pravice, ter da jim po drugi strani zagotovi okvir za medsebojno učenje, s pomočjo katerega lahko države članice prepoznajo in sprejmejo številne dobre prakse, ki obstajajo po vsej Uniji. Tak pristop, ki temelji na širši in usklajeni dejavnosti, bi dodal vrednost prizadevanjem držav članic ter bi okrepil prepoznavanje in spoštovanje načel KZNOP v Uniji ter zunaj Unije.

The Union can support the Member States in their efforts, both by assisting them, in certain areas, in taking into account the rights of the child in their actions, and by providing a framework for mutual learning within which the Member States can identify and adopt the many good practices to be found across the Union. Such an approach, based on broad and coordinated action, would add value to the efforts of the Member States and would strengthen recognition of and respect for the principles of the UNCRC both within the Union and beyond.

Obsežna strategija EU je torej nujno potrebna za povečanje obsega in učinkovitosti zavez EU, da se izboljša položaj otrok po svetu in prikaže prava politična volja na najvišji možni ravni in se s tem zagotovi, da krepitev in varstvo otrokovih pravic pridobita zasluženo pozornost v evropskih prizadevanjih.

There is thus an urgent need for a comprehensive EU strategy to increase the scale and effectiveness of EU commitments to improve the situation of children globally and to demonstrate real political will at the highest possible level to ensure that the promotion and protection of children’s rights get the place they merit on the EU’s agenda.

II.2. Dosedanji odziv EU: že sprejeti ukrepi

II.2. The EU response to date: steps already taken

EU je v zadnjih letih dosegla viden napredek na tem področju, razvijala je različne konkretne politike in programe o otrokovih pravicah na podlagi različnih obstoječih pravnih podlag. To zajema notranje in zunanje politike ter širok razpon vprašanj, kot so trgovina z otroki in otroška prostitucija, nasilje nad otroki, diskriminacija, revščina otrok, socialna izključenost, delo otrok (vključno s trgovinskimi sporazumi, ki vsebujejo odpravo dela otrok), zdravje in izobraževanje.

The EU has made significant progress in this area in recent years and has developed various concrete policies and programmes on children’s rights under different existing legal bases. These span both internal and external policies and cover a broad range of issues, such as child trafficking and prostitution, violence against children, discrimination, child poverty, social exclusion, child labour (including trade agreements committing to the abolition of child labour), health and education.

Neizčrpen povzetek ukrepanja EU, ki zadeva otrokove pravice, je na voljo v Prilogi.

A non-exhaustive summary of EU actions affecting children's rights can be found in the Annex.

Znotraj EU so zlasti Komisija in države članice namenile pomembno prednost vprašanju revščine otrok v okviru odprte metode koordinacije o socialni zaščiti in socialni vključenosti (OMK), ki ponuja okvir za vzajemno učenje med državami članicami na podlagi sklopa skupnih ciljev in kazalnikov, pa tudi sprejetje nacionalnih strategij za spodbujanje dostopa do sistemov socialne zaščite in kakovosti teh sistemov.

In particular, within the EU, the Commission and the Member States have given a high priority to the issue of child poverty under the Open Method of Coordination on Social Protection and Social Inclusion (OMC), which forms a framework for mutual learning between the Member States based on a series of common objectives and indicators, and the adoption of national strategies to promote access to and the quality of social protection systems.

Proces širitve je drugo učinkovito sredstvo, ki zagotavlja možnosti za podporo otrokovih pravic. Eno od meril za članstvo v EU je, da so države kandidatke dosegle stabilnost institucij za zagotavljanje demokracije, pravno državo, človekove pravice ter spoštovanje in varstvo manjšin. V okviru teh t.i. političnih meril, ki jih je leta 1993 določil Evropski svet v Kopenhagnu, je Komisija v celotnem pristopnem procesu podpirala reformo za zaščito otrok in skrbno spremljala napredek glede otrokovih pravic v vseh državah pristopnicah in kandidatkah.

The enlargement process is another powerful tool providing opportunities to promote children’s rights. One of the criteria for membership of the EU is that the candidate country have achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and the protection of minorities. In the framework of these so-called political criteria identified by the European Council in Copenhagen in 1993, the Commission has, throughout the accession process, promoted the reform of child protection and closely monitored progress on children’s rights in all the acceding and candidate countries.

Evropska sosedska politika ter strateško partnerstvo z Rusijo sta pomembni orodji za podporo otrokovih pravic v soseskah EU in prvi ukrepi so se že začeli izvajati.

The European neighbourhood policy as well as the strategic Partnership towards Russia are important tools to promote children's rights in the EU`s neighbourhood and first actions have already been launched.

II.3. Potreba po učinkovitosti

II.3. The need for effectiveness

Treba je navesti številne izzive za čim večjo vrednost ukrepanja EU v zvezi z otrokovimi pravicami, in sicer:

To maximise the value of EU action on children’s rights, it is necessary to address a number of challenges, to produce:

- izdelati bolj obsežno analizo potreb in prednostnih nalog, pa tudi učinka ustreznih ukrepov EU, ki so se do zdaj izvajali;

- more comprehensive analysis of the needs and priorities and of the impact of relevant EU actions undertaken so far;

- bolj učinkovito vključevati otrokove pravice v politike, strategije ali programe EU in izboljšati usklajenost znotraj Evropske komisije;

- more efficient mainstreaming of children’s rights in EU policies, strategies or programmes and enhanced coordination within the European Commission;

- izboljšati sodelovanje s ključnimi zainteresiranimi stranmi, vključno z otroki;

- better cooperation with key stakeholders, including children;

- okrepiti komunikacijo in povečati ozaveščenost o otrokovih pravicah in ukrepih EU na tem področju.

- stronger communication and increased awareness of children’s rights and of EU actions in this field.

III STRATEGIJI EU O OTROKOVIH PRAVICAH NAPROTI

III. TOWARDS AN EU STRATEGY ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD

S tem sporočilom je za reševanje zgoraj navedenih izzivov označen začetek izvajanja dolgoročne strategije Komisije za zagotovitev, da ukrepanje EU dejavno podpira in ščiti otrokove pravice, ter za podporo prizadevanja držav članic na tem področju. Ta strategija je sestavljena iz sedmih posebnih ciljev, od katerih je vsak posebej podprt s sklopom ukrepov.

To tackle the above challenges, this Communication marks the Commission’s launch of a long-term strategy to ensure that EU action actively promotes and safeguards children’s rights and to support the efforts of the Member States in this field. The strategy is structured around seven specific objectives, each supported by a series of actions.

III.1 Posebni cilji strategije EU o otrokovih pravicah

III.1 . Specific objectives of the EU strategy on children’s rights

1 Izkoristiti dejavnosti, ki se že izvajajo, in hkrati izpolnjevati nujne potrebe

1. Capitalising on existing activities while addressing urgent needs

Komisija bo čimbolj povečala uporabo obstoječih politik in instrumentov, zlasti v nadaljnjem ukrepanju v zvezi s Sporočilom o boju proti trgovini z ljudmi[14] in ustreznim akcijskim načrtom[15], odprto metodo koordinacije o socialni zaščiti in socialni vključenosti, strateškim partnerstvom z Mednarodno organizacijo dela za boj proti delu otrok in Smernicami EU o otrocih v oboroženih spopadih[16]. Komisija bo še naprej financirala določene projekte, ki podpirajo otrokove pravice.

The Commission will maximise the use of its existing policies and instruments, in particular the follow-up to the Communication on fighting trafficking in human beings[14] and the relevant Action Plan[15], the Open Method of Coordination on Social Protection and Social Inclusion, the strategic partnership with the International Labour Organisation to fight child labour and the EU Guidelines on children in armed conflicts[16]. The Commission will continue to fund specific projects promoting children’s rights.

Komisija bo v zunanjih zadevah, vključno s predpristopnim procesom in pri pristopnih pogajanjih, še naprej podpirala ratifikacijo in izvajanje KZNOP in izbirnih protokolov Konvencije, konvencij ILO o prepovedi najhujših oblik dela otrok in o minimalni starosti za sklenitev delovnega razmerja ter drugih ustreznih mednarodnih instrumentov za človekove pravice. V dialogu s tretjimi državami bo obravnavala otrokove pravice ter pri tem vključila civilno družbo in socialne partnerje, uporabila pa bo tudi svoje druge instrumente politike in programe sodelovanja za podporo in obravnavanje otrokovih pravic po vsem svetu.

In external affairs, including in the pre-accession process and in the accession negotiations, the Commission will keep promoting the ratification and implementation of the UNCRC and its Optional Protocols, the ILO conventions on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour and the minimum age for admission to work, and other relevant international human rights instruments. It will address children’s rights in political dialogue with third countries, including civil society and social partners, and use its other policy instruments and cooperation programmes to promote and address children’s rights worldwide.

Komisija bo kratkoročno in predvsem zaradi nujnosti nekaterih izzivov sprejela zlasti naslednje dodatne ukrepe:

In the short term, and especially due to the urgency of certain challenges, the Commission will, in particular, take the following additional measures:

- dodeliti eno samo šestmestno telefonsko številko (116xyz) znotraj EU za telefonsko linijo za pomoč otrokom in eno številko za telefonsko linijo za pomoč otrokom, namenjeno pogrešanim in spolno zlorabljenim otrokom (konec leta 2006);

- To attribute one single six digit telephone number (116xyz) within the EU for child helplines and one for child hotlines dedicated to missing and sexually exploited children (end 2006)

- podpirati bančniški sektor in gospodarske družbe za kreditne kartice v boju proti uporabi kreditnih kartic ob nakupu pornografskih fotografij otrok na spletu (leto 2006);

- To support the banking sector and credit cards companies to combat the use of credit cards when purchasing sexual images of children on the Internet (2006)

- začeti izvajati akcijski načrt o otrocih v razvojnem sodelovanju za obravnavo prednostnih potreb otrok v državah v razvoju (leta 2007);

- To launch an Action Plan on Children in Development Cooperation to address children’s priority needs in developing countries (2007)

- podpirati povezovanje ukrepov v zvezi z revščino otrok v EU (leto 2007).

- To promote a clustering of actions on child poverty in the EU (2007)

2 Določiti prednostne naloge za prihodnje ukrepanje EU

2. Identifying priorities for future EU action

Komisija bo, da bo opredelila glavne prednostne naloge za prihodnje ukrepanje, analizirala obseg in vzroke ovir, ki preprečujejo, da bi otroci v celoti uživali svoje pravice. Na tej podlagi bo ocenila učinkovitost svojega obstoječega ukrepanja (zakonodajnega in nezakonodajnega, notranjega in zunanjega), ki zadeva otroke. Ta analiza se bo opirala na obstoječe pobude (UNICEF, Svet Evrope, ChildONEurope, itd.).

To identify the main priorities for future action, the Commission will analyse the scope and causes of the barriers to children’s full enjoyment of their rights. On this basis, it will assess the effectiveness of its existing action (legislative and non-legislative, internal and external) affecting children. This analysis will draw on existing initiatives (UNICEF, Council of Europe, ChildONEurope, etc.).

Oceno je treba posodabljati vsakih pet let in postopoma reševati nekatera kritična področja, ne pa skušati takoj na začetku zajeti vsa pomembna področja. EUROSTAT bo v sodelovanju z državami članicami, Svetom Evrope, mrežo ChildONEurope in prihodnjo Agencijo EU za temeljne pravice podprl posodobitev s podatki o otrokovih pravicah.

The assessment should be updated every five years and gradually tackle some critical areas, rather than attempting to cover all areas of relevance from the start. The update will be supported by data on children’s rights by Eurostat, the Member States, the Council of Europe, the ChildONEurope network, and the future EU Agency on Fundamental Rights.

Na podlagi te analize bo Komisija začela izvajati široko javno posvetovanje, vključno z otroki, ki bo EU omogočilo, da bo otrokove pravice obravnavala celovito in določila glavne prednostne naloge za prihodnje ukrepanje.

On the basis of this analysis, the Commission will launch a wide public consultation, including children, that will enable the EU to address children's rights in a comprehensive manner and to identify the main priorities for future action.

- Oceniti učinek obstoječih ukrepov EU, ki zadevajo otrokove pravice (leti 2007–2008);

- To assess the impact of the existing EU actions affecting children’s rights (2007-2008)

- objaviti dokument o posvetovanju za določitev prihodnjih ukrepov (leto 2008);

- To issue a consultation document to identify future actions (2008)

- zbirati primerljive podatke o otrokovih pravicah (od leta 2007 dalje).

- To collect comparable data on children’s rights (2007 onwards)

3 Vključevati otrokove pravice v ukrepe EU

3. Mainstreaming children’s rights in EU actions

Pomembno je zagotoviti, da vse notranje in zunanje politike EU spoštujejo otrokove pravice v skladu z načeli prava EU ter da so popolnoma skladne z načeli in določbami KZNOP in drugimi mednarodnimi instrumenti. Ta proces, ki se na splošno imenuje „redno vključevanje“, se je uporabil pri številnih politikah Skupnosti, npr. za enakost med spoloma in temeljne pravice. Ta proces bo upošteval delo, opravljeno v okviru programa Sveta Evrope „Graditev Evrope za otroke in z njimi (2006–2008)“, da bo učinkovito podprl spoštovanje otrokovih pravic in zaščitil otroke pred vsemi oblikami nasilja.

It is important to ensure that all internal and external EU policies respect children's rights in accordance with the principles of EU law, and that they are fully compatible with the principles and provisions of the UNCRC and other international instruments. This process, commonly referred to as “mainstreaming”, has already been pursued in a number of Community policies, e.g. gender equality and fundamental rights. The process will take into account work carried out under the Council of Europe Programme “Building a Europe for and with Children (2006-2008)” to effectively promote respect for children’s rights and protect children against all forms of violence.

- Redno vključevati otrokove pravice pri pripravi zakonodajnih in nezakonodajnih ukrepov ES, ki jih morebiti zadevajo (od leta 2007 dalje).

- To mainstream children’s rights when drafting EC legislative and non-legislative actions that may affect them (2007 onwards)

4 Vzpostaviti učinkovite mehanizme usklajevanja in posvetovanja

4. Establishing efficient coordination and consultation mechanisms

Komisija bo okrepila sodelovanje med glavnimi zainteresiranimi stranmi ter s tem optimalno uporabila obstoječe mreže in mednarodne organizacije ali organe, vključene v otrokove pravice. Zato bo Komisija zainteresirane strani združila v evropskem forumu za otrokove pravice . Forum bo vključeval vse zadevne zainteresirane strani[17] in prispeval k oblikovanju in spremljanju ukrepov EU ter deloval kot prizorišče za izmenjavo dobrih praks.

The Commission will strengthen cooperation among the main stakeholders, making optimal use of existing networks and international organisations or bodies involved in children’s rights. To this end, the Commission will bring the stakeholders together in a European Forum for the Rights of the Child . The Forum will include all the relevant stakeholders[17], and will contribute to the design and monitoring of EU actions and act as an arena for exchange of good practice.

Komisija bo proučila, kako lahko ponovi ta mehanizem v tretjih državah, v katerih bi lahko delegacije ES vzpostavile sistematični dialog z mednarodnimi in nacionalnimi partnerji, dejavnimi na področju otrokovih pravic.

The Commission will consider how it can replicate this mechanism in third countries where the EC Delegations could initiate systematic dialogue with international and national partners active in the field of children’s rights.

Komisija bo za povečanje vključenosti vseh zadevnih zainteresiranih strani vzpostavila spletno platformo za razpravo in delo[18]. Ta platforma bo orodje za podporo in spodbujanje učinkovite izmenjave informacij z uporabo strokovnega znanja in izkušenj, ki so na zadevnem področju na voljo. Člani platforme bodo imeli dostop do knjižnice dokumentov in bodo lahko sprožili razprave ali raziskave med člani.

To increase the involvement of all relevant stakeholders, the Commission will set up a web-based discussion and work platform[18]. This platform will be a tool to promote and encourage the effective exchange of information using the available expertise in a given area. The members of the platform will have access to a library of documents and be able to launch discussions or surveys among members.

Kakor je določeno v 12. členu KZNOP, je treba otrokom omogočiti, da izražajo svoja stališča v okviru vsake razprave in odločitve, ki bi lahko vplivala na njihova življenja. Komisija bo podpirala in okrepila povezovanje v mreže in zastopanost otrok v EU in po svetu ter bo postopoma in uradno vključila otroke v vsa posvetovanja in ukrepe, povezane z njihovimi pravicami in potrebami. Forum in spletna platforma bosta pripomogla k vključevanju otrok.

As recognised in Article 12 of the UNCRC, children need to express their views in dialogues and decisions affecting their lives. The Commission will promote and strengthen networking and children’s representation in the EU and globally, and it will gradually and formally include them in all consultations and actions related to their rights and needs. The Forum and the web-based platform will both contribute to involving children.

Nazadnje bo Komisija izboljšala koordinacijo med svojimi različnimi ukrepi za povečanje usklajenosti in učinkovitosti, tako da bo vzpostavila formalno medresorsko skupino o otrokovih pravicah, sestavljeno iz uradno imenovanih kontaktnih oseb, ki bodo odgovorne za nadaljnje spremljanje strategije. Imenovan bo koordinator Komisije za otrokove pravice.

Lastly, the Commission will improve coordination between its various actions to increase consistency and effectiveness by setting up a formal inter-service group on the rights of the child composed of designated contacts, who will be responsible to follow up the strategy. A Commission coordinator for the Rights of the Child will be appointed.

- Združiti zainteresirane strani v evropskem forumu za otrokove pravice (leto 2006);

- To bring together stakeholders in a European Forum for the Rights of the Child (2006)

- vzpostaviti spletno razpravo in delovno platformo (leto 2006);

- To set up a web-based discussion and work platform (2006)

- vključiti otroke v postopek odločanja (od leta 2007 dalje);

- To involve children in the decision-making process (2007 onwards)

- vzpostaviti medresorsko skupino Komisije in imenovati koordinatorja za otrokove pravice (leto 2006).

- To set up a Commission Inter-service Group and to appoint a coordinator for the rights of the child (2006)

5 Krepiti zmogljivost ter strokovno znanje in izkušnje o otrokovih pravicah

5. Enhancing capacity and expertise on children’s rights

Vsi akterji, ki sodelujejo pri izvajanju in vključevanju otrokovih pravic v notranje in zunanje politike Skupnosti, morajo pridobiti potrebne znanje in spretnosti. V ta namen bo Komisija še naprej ponujala možnost usposabljanja. Poleg tega je treba izboljšati praktična orodja, kot so navodila in predpisi, ter jih razdeliti in uporabljati kot material za usposabljanje.

All actors involved in implementing and mainstreaming children's rights in internal and external Community policies should acquire the necessary knowledge and skills. To this end, the Commission will continue to make training available. In addition, practical tools such as guidance notes and instructions should be improved, distributed and used as training material.

- Zagotoviti potrebne spretnosti in orodja akterjem, ki sodelujejo pri vključevanju otrokovih pravic v politike Skupnosti (od leta 2007 dalje).

- To provide the necessary skills and tools to actors involved in mainstreaming children’s rights in Community policies (2007 onwards)

6 Bolj učinkovito obveščati o otrokovih pravicah

6. Communicating more effectively on children’s rights

Otroci lahko uveljavljajo svoje pravice le, če se jih pravilno zavedajo in jih imajo možnost uporabiti.

Children are able to exercise their rights only if they are properly aware of them and in a position to use them.

Otrokove pravice na splošno in ukrepanje EU na tem področju ostajajo v veliki meri neobjavljeni. Za dvigovanje ozaveščenosti o teh vprašanjih bo Komisija izoblikovala komunikacijsko strategijo o otrokovih pravicah. To bo pomagalo otrokom in njihovim staršem, da bodo izpopolnili svoje znanje o otrokovih pravicah, ter pripomoglo k razširjanju ustreznih izkušenj in dobre prakse med drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi.

Children's rights in general, and EU action in this field, remain largely unpublicised. To raise awareness of these questions, the Commission will design a communication strategy on children’s rights. This will help both children and their parents to improve their knowledge of children’s rights, and contribute to the dissemination of relevant experience and good practice among other interested parties.

Poglavitni ukrepi EU z neposrednim vplivom na otrokove pravice bodo objavljeni na otrokom prijazen način. V ta namen bo Komisija izdelala otroku prijazno spletišče, posvečeno otrokovim pravicam, po možnosti v tesnem sodelovanju s Svetom Evrope, ter povezano s podobnimi pobudami na primer držav članic, Združenih narodov in civilne družbe.

Key EU measures with a direct impact on children’s rights will be publicised in a child-friendly manner. To this end, the Commission will develop a child-friendly website, dedicated to children’s rights, preferably in close cooperation with the Council of Europe, and linked to similar initiatives by, for example, Member States, the United Nations and civil society.

- Izoblikovati komunikacijsko strategijo o otrokovih pravicah (od leta 2007 dalje);

- To design a communication strategy on children’s rights (2007 onwards)

- zagotoviti informacije o otrokovih pravicah na otroku prijazen način (od leta 2007 dalje).

- To provide information on children’s rights in a child-friendly manner (2007 onwards)

7 Podpirati otrokove pravice v zunanjih odnosih

7. Promoting the rights of the child in external relations

Evropska unija bo nadaljevala in še povečala svojo dejavno vlogo pri podpiranju otrokovih pravic na mednarodnih forumih in v odnosih s tretjimi državami. Dobro usklajevanje ter enotna in skladna sporočila na forumih ZN o človekovih pravicah so okrepili vlogo in učinek ukrepov EU.

The European Union will continue and further enhance its active role in promoting the rights of the child in international forums and third country relations. The role and impact of the EU actions has been strengthened by good coordination and unified and coherent messages in the UN human rights forums.

Unija bo še naprej posvečala posebno pozornost pravicam deklet in otrok, ki pripadajo manjšinam. EU bo tudi nadaljevala svoje tekoče delo o otrocih v oboroženih spopadih. EU bo tudi razpravljala o svetovni študiji o nasilju nad otroki, ki jo trenutno izvaja neodvisni strokovnjak generalnega sekretarja ZN Paulo Sergio Pinheiro.

The Union will continue to pay particular attention to the rights of girls and children belonging to minorities. The EU will also continue its ongoing work on children and armed conflict. The EU will also discuss the global study on violence against children which is currently conducted by the UN Secretary General's independent expert Paulo Sergio Pinheiro.

- Nadaljevati in še povečati dejavno vlogo EU na mednarodnih forumih za podporo otrokovih pravic.

- Continue and further enhance EU's active role in international forums to promote the rights of the child

III.2 Viri in poročanje

III.2 Resources and reporting

Komisija mora dodeliti potrebne človeške in finančne vire za izvedbo te strategije. Treba si bo prizadevati za zagotovitev finančnih virov, potrebnih za financiranje ukrepov, predlaganih v tem sporočilu in prihodnji strategiji. Za zagotovitev učinkovitosti programov, ki vplivajo na otrokove pravice, bo medresorska skupina posvetila potrebno pozornost možnim sinergijam.

The Commission is committed to allocating the necessary human and financial resources to implement this strategy. Efforts will be made to secure the financial resources necessary to fund the actions proposed in this communication and the future strategy. To ensure the efficiency of programmes that affect children’s rights, the Inter-service Group will pay due attention to possible synergies.

Za izboljšanje preglednosti in spremljanje razvoja bo vsako leto predloženo poročilo o napredku.

To increase transparency and monitor developments, a progress report will be presented every year.

IV Sklepi

IV. CONCLUSION

Komisija:

The Commission:

- bo oblikovala obsežno strategijo, s katero se zagotovi, da Evropska unija prispeva k podpiranju in zaščiti otrokovih pravic pri vseh svojih notranjih in zunanjih ukrepih ter podpira prizadevanja držav članic na tem področju;

- will develop a comprehensive strategy to ensure that the European Union contributes to promoting and safeguarding children’s rights in all its internal and external actions and supports the efforts of the Member States in this field;

- poziva države članice, evropske institucije in druge zainteresirane strani, da dejavno sodelujejo pri razvoju te strategije in tako pripomorejo k njenemu uspehu.

- calls on the Member States, on the European institutions and on other stakeholders to take an active part in the development of this strategy and so to contribute to its success.

[1] Konvencija o otrokovih pravicah z dne 20. novembra 1989. Celotno besedilo je na voljo na spletni strani: http://www.unicef.org/crc/crc.htm.

[1] Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989. Full text available at http://www.unicef.org/crc/crc.htm.

[2] Protokol ZN za preprečevanje, zatiranje in kaznovanje trgovine z ljudmi, zlasti ženskami in otroki; Protokol ZN h Konvenciji o otrokovih pravicah, o prodaji in prostituciji otrok in otroški pornografiji; Protokol ZN h Konvenciji o otrokovih pravicah in o sodelovanju otrok v oboroženih spopadih.

[2] UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children; UN Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography; Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict.

[3] Generalna skupščina ZN, Deklaracija tisočletja Združenih narodov, petinpetdeseto zasedanje, 18. septembra 2000.

[3] UN General Assembly, United Nations Millennium Declaration, Fifty-fifth session, 18 September 2000

[4] Celotno besedilo je na voljo na spletni strani: http://www.echr.Council of Europe.int/ECHR/EN/Header/Basic+Texts.

[4] Full text available at http://www.echr.Council of Europe.int/ECHR/EN/Header/Basic+Texts.

[5] Listina o temeljnih pravicah Evropske unije, UL C 364, 18.12.2000, je na voljo na: http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/unit/charte/index_en.html.

[5] Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (OJ C 364 of 18.12.2000), available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/unit/charte/index_en.html.

[6] Strateški cilji 2005–2009. Evropa 2010: Partnerstvo za evropsko obnovo, blaginjo, solidarnost in varnost, COM(2005) 12 konč., 26.1.2005.

[6] Strategic objectives 2005-2009. Europe 2010: A Partnership for European Renewal, Prosperity, Solidarity and Security - COM(2005) 12, 26.1.2005.

[7] Glej zlasti mnenje 2/94, [1996], Recueil, str. I-759.

[7] See, in particular, Opinion 2/94, 1996 ECR I-759.

[8] Glej člen 51(2) Listine o temeljnih pravicah.

[8] See Article 51.2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights.

[9] Izjava EU na 57. zasedanju Generalne skupščine Združenih narodov leta 2003.

[9] EU statement for the 57th UNGASS meeting, 2003.

10 Konec otroškega dela: v našem dosegu, svetovno poročilo v skladu z nadaljnjim ukrepanjem v zvezi z Deklaracijo Mednarodne organizacije dela (MOD) o temeljnih načelih in pravicah pri delu, predstavljeno na 95. zasedanju Mednarodne konference dela, Ženeva, leto 2006.

[10] The end of child labour: Within reach, Global Report under the follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, report to the 95th session of the International Labour Conference, Geneva, 2006.

[10] Vir: UNICEF.

[11] source : UNICEF.

[11] Glej ibidem.

[12] Ibidem.

[12] Vir: Razvojni sklad OZN za ženske (UNIFEM).

[13] Source : UNIFEM.

[13] COM(2005) 514 konč.

[14] COM(2005) 514.

[14] UL C 311, 9.12.2005.

[15] OJ C 311, 9.12.2005.

[15] Dokument Sveta Evropske unije št. 15634/03.

[16] Council of the European Union document No 15634/03.

[16] Zajemal bo države članice, agencije ZN, Svet Evrope, civilno družbo in otroke.

[17] Including the Member States, UN agencies, the Council of Europe, civil society and children themselves.

[17] S spletno mrežo SINAPSE (Scientific Information for Policy Support in Europe, http://europa.eu.int/sinapse/sinapse).

[18] With the SINAPSE e-Network (Scientific Information for Policy Support in Europe, http://europa.eu.int/sinapse/sinapse).