[pic] | COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES |

[pic] | KOMISIJA EVROPSKIH SKUPNOSTI |

Brussels, 5.7.2005

Bruselj, 5.7.2005

COM(2005) 299 final

KOM(2005) 299 končno

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE

Cohesion Policy in Support of Growth and Jobs:Community Strategic Guidelines, 2007-2013

Kohezijska politika za podporo rasti in novim delovnim mestom:Strateške smernice Skupnosti, 2007–2013

{SEC(2005) 904}

{SEK(2005) 904}

TABLE OF CONTENTS

KAZALO

1. INTRODUCTION 4

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE Kohezijska politika za podporo rasti in novim delovnim mestom: Strateške smernice Skupnosti, 2007–2013 1

2. COHESION, GROWTH, JOBS 5

1. UVOD 4

2.1. The renewed Lisbon agenda 5

2. KOHEZIJA, RAST, NOVA DELOVNA MESTA 5

2.2. The contribution of cohesion policy to growth and jobs 6

2.1. Prenovljeni program lizbonske strategije 5

3. THE FRAMEWORK FOR COHESION POLICY 2007-2013 8

2.2. Prispevek kohezijske politike k rasti in novim delovnim mestom 6

3.1. Concentration 8

3. OKVIR KOHEZIJSKE POLITIKE 2007–2013 8

3.2. Convergence 8

3.1. Osredotočenost 8

3.3. Regional competitiveness and employment 9

3.2. Konvergenca 8

3.4. European territorial cooperation 10

3.3. Regionalna konkurenčnost in zaposlovanje 9

3.5. Governance 10

3.4. Evropsko ozemeljsko sodelovanje 10

4. GUIDELINES FOR COHESION POLICY, 2007-2013 12

3.5. Upravljanje 10

4.1. Guideline: Making Europe and its regions more attractive places to invest and work 13

4. SMERNICE ZA KOHEZIJSKO POLITIKO, 2007–2013 12

4.1.1. Expand and improve transport infrastructures 13

4.1. SMERNICA: Spremenimo Evropo in njene regije v privlačnejši kraj za naložbe in delo 13

4.1.2. To strengthen the synergies between environmental protection and growth 15

4.1.1. Razširitev in izboljšanje prometne infrastrukture 13

4.1.3. Address Europe’s intensive use of traditional energy sources 16

4.1.2. Krepitev sinergij med varstvom okolja in gospodarsko rastjo 15

4.2. GUIDELINE: Improving knowledge and innovation for growth 17

4.1.3. Obravnavanje intenzivne rabe tradicionalnih energetskih virov v Evropi 16

4.2.1. Increase and improve investment in RTD 18

4.2. SMERNICA: Izboljšanje znanja in inovativnosti za rast 16

4.2.2. Facilitate innovation and promote entrepreneurship 19

4.2.1. Povečanje in izboljšanje naložb v RTR 18

4.2.3. Promote the information society for all 21

4.2.2. Pospeševanje inovacij in spodbujanje podjetništva 19

4.2.4. Improve access to finance 22

4.2.3. Uveljavljanje informacijske družbe za vse 21

4.3. GUIDELINE : More and better jobs 23

4.2.4. Izboljšanje dostopa do finančnih sredstev 22

4.3.1. Attract and retain more people in employment and modernise social protection systems 23

4.3. SMERNICA: Nova in boljša delovna mesta 23

4.3.2. Improve adaptability of workers and enterprises and the flexibility of the labour market 25

4.3.1. Privabiti več ljudi v zaposlitev in jih obdržati v zaposlitvi ter posodobiti sisteme socialne zaščite 23

4.3.3. Increase investment in human capital through better education and skills 26

4.3.2. Izboljšanje prilagodljivosti delavcev in podjetij ter prožnosti trga dela 25

4.3.4. Administrative Capacity 27

4.3.3. Izboljšanje naložb v človeški kapital z boljšo izobrazbo in strokovnim znanjem 26

4.3.5. Help maintain a healthy labour force 28

4.3.4. Upravne zmogljivosti 27

5. TAKING ACCOUNT OF THE TERRITORIAL DIMENSION OF COHESION POLICY 29

4.3.5. Pomoč pri ohranjanju zdrave delovne sile 28

5.1. The contribution of cities to growth and jobs 29

5. UPOŠTEVANJE OZEMELJSKE RAZSEŽNOSTI KOHEZIJSKE POLITIKE 29

5.2. Supporting the economic diversification of rural areas 30

5.1. Prispevanje mest k rasti in novim delovnim mestom 29

5.3. Cooperation 31

5.2. Podpiranje gospodarske diverzifikacije podeželskih območij 30

5.4. Cross-border cooperation 31

5.3. Sodelovanje 31

5.5. Transnational cooperation 31

5.4. Čezmejno sodelovanje 31

5.6. Interregional cooperation 32

5.5. Transnacionalno sodelovanje 31

6. NEXT STEPS 32

5.6. Medregionalno sodelovanje 32

ANNEX 34

6. NADALJNJI KORAKI 32

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION

PRILOGA 34

Cohesion Policy in Support of Growth and Jobs:Community Strategic Guidelines, 2007-2013

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE

“Europe must renew the basis of its competitiveness, increase its growth potential and its productivity and strengthen social cohesion, placing the main emphasis on knowledge, innovation and the optimisation of human capital.

Kohezijska politika za podporo rasti in novi m delovnim mestom: Strateške smernice Skupnosti, 2007–2013

To achieve these objectives, the Union must mobilise all appropriate national and Community resources – including the cohesion policy – in the Strategy’s three dimensions (economic, social and environmental) so as better to tap into their synergies in a general context of sustainable development”[1] .

„Evropa mora prenoviti temelje konkurenčnosti, zvišati potencial rasti in produktivnosti ter okrepiti socialno kohezijo, zato mora staviti predvsem na znanje, inovacije in optimizacijo človeškega kapitala.

1. INTRODUCTION

Za uresničitev teh ciljev mora Unija sprostiti vsa ustrezna državna sredstva in sredstva Skupnosti – vključno s kohezijsko politiko – v vseh treh razsežnostih Strategije (gospodarski, socialni in okoljski) in bolje izrabiti njihove sinergije v splošnem okviru trajnostnega razvoja.“ [1]

The recent enlargement to 25 Member States, with Bulgaria and Romania also set to join the Union in 2007, has dramatically increased disparity levels across the EU.

1. UVOD

The recently published Third Interim Report on Cohesion confirmed that the enlargement of the Union to 25 Member States, later to 27 or more, presents an unprecedented challenge for the competitiveness and internal cohesion of the Union. At the same time, the report noted that some of the poorest parts of the new Member States have some of the highest growth rates in the Union (see map in annex).

Z nedavno širitvijo na 25 držav članic, medtem ko se Bolgarija in Romunija nameravata priključiti Uniji leta 2007, so se izjemno povečala neskladja v EU.

In meeting the objectives set out in the Treaty[2], and in particular that of fostering real convergence, the actions supported with the limited resources available to cohesion policy should be concentrated on promoting sustainable growth[3], competitiveness and employment as set out in the renewed Lisbon strategy. Clearly, macroeconomic stability and structural reforms are a precondition for the success of cohesion policy along with a range of other conditions which favour investment (including effective implementation of the Single Market, administrative reforms, good governance, a business-friendly climate, and the availability of a highly skilled workforce)[4].

Nedavno objavljeno Tretje vmesno poročilo o koheziji je potrdilo, da je širitev Unije na 25 držav članic, pozneje na 27 ali več, doslej največji izziv za konkurenčnost in notranjo kohezijo Unije. Hkrati je iz poročila razvidno, da nekateri najrevnejši deli novih držav članic izkazujejo največje stopnje rasti v Uniji (glej zemljevid v Prilogi).

These are the principles governing the proposals for the reform of cohesion policy for the period 2007-2013 presented by the Commission in the Third Cohesion Report of February 2004 and in budgetary and legislative form in July 2004.

Za izpolnitev ciljev, določenih v Pogodbi[2], in zlasti cilja krepitve prave konvergence se morajo ukrepi, podprti z omejenimi sredstvi, ki jih ima na voljo kohezijska politika, osredotočiti na spodbujanje trajnostne rasti[3], konkurenčnosti in zaposlovanja, kot določa prenovljena lizbonska strategija. Jasno je, da so makroekonomska stabilnost in strukturne reforme predpogoj za uspeh kohezijske politike ob številnih drugih pogojih, ki podpirajo naložbe (vključno z učinkovitim izvajanjem enotnega trga, upravnimi reformami, dobrim upravljanjem, podjetništvu naklonjenim okoljem in razpoložljivostjo visoko usposobljene delovne sile)[4].

The Commission’s proposals seek improvements in two main areas. First, the strategic dimension of cohesion policy is strengthened to ensure that Community priorities are better integrated into national and regional development programmes. Second, efforts are made to ensure greater ownership of cohesion policy on the ground. This is reflected in a reinforced dialogue in the partnerships between the Commission, the Member States and the regions and in a clearer and more decentralised sharing of responsibilities in areas such as financial management and control. The proposals also create a clearer division of responsibilities between the Commission, Member States and the Parliament.

To so načela, ki usmerjajo predloge za reformo kohezijske politike za obdobje 2007–2013, ki jih je predstavila Komisija v Tretjem kohezijskem poročilu februarja 2004 ter v obliki proračuna in pravnih predpisov julija 2004.

In accordance with Article 23 of the draft Council Regulation (EC) laying down general provisions for the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Cohesion Fund[5], it is for the Council to establish, after the adoption of the regulations and on the basis of a Commission proposal, Community strategic guidelines for cohesion policy to “give effect to the priorities of the Community with a view to promote balanced, harmonious and sustainable development ”[6].

Predlogi Komisije si prizadevajo izboljšati dve glavni področji. Prvič, s krepitvijo strateške razsežnosti kohezijske politike želijo zagotoviti boljšo vključitev prednostnih nalog Skupnosti v nacionalne in regionalne razvojne programe. Drugič, prizadevajo si zagotoviti močnejšo usvojitev kohezijske politike v praksi. To se izraža v okrepljenem dialogu v partnerstvih med Komisijo, državami članicami in regijami ter v jasnejši in bolj decentralizirani delitvi odgovornosti na področjih finančnega upravljanja in nadzora. Predlogi ustvarjajo tudi jasnejšo delitev odgovornosti med Komisijo, državami članicami in Parlamentom.

The Community Strategic Guidelines sketched out in this Communication have the following main characteristics:

V skladu s členom 23 osnutka Uredbe Sveta (ES) o splošnih določbah o Evropskem skladu za regionalni razvoj, Evropskem socialnem skladu in Kohezijskem skladu[5] mora Svet po sprejetju uredb in na podlagi predloga Komisije določiti strateške smernice Skupnosti za kohezijsko politiko, da „uveljavi prednostne naloge Skupnosti za spodbujanje uravnoteženega, usklajenega in trajnostnega razvoja“ [6].

- the financial instruments at the disposal of Cohesion policy are the Structural Funds (the ERDF and the ESF) and the Cohesion Fund. In the guidelines that follow, there is deliberately no analysis by Fund. The question of the appropriate instrument under each heading is a matter for the programming phase and depends on the nature of the planned expenditures (infrastructure, productive investment, human resource development, etc);

Strateške smernice Skupnosti, ki so izoblikovane v tem sporočilu, imajo naslednje glavne značilnosti:

- the key objective is to identify Community priorities for support under cohesion policy with a view to strengthening synergies with, and helping to deliver, the Lisbon strategy as defined by the integrated guidelines for growth and jobs;

- Finančni instrumenti, ki jih ima na voljo kohezijska politika, so Strukturna sklada (ESRR in ESS) ter Kohezijski sklad. V smernicah, ki sledijo, namerno ni analize po skladih. Vprašanje ustreznega instrumenta iz posameznega naslova spada v fazo načrtovanja in je odvisno od narave načrtovanih izdatkov (infrastruktura, proizvodne naložbe, razvoj človeških virov itd).

- they concern only the part of national and regional investments co-financed by the Structural Funds and the Cohesion fund;

- Ključni cilj je opredeliti prednostne naloge Skupnosti, ki bodo deležne podpore kohezijske politike z namenom prispevati h krepitvi sinergij z lizbonsko strategijo, kakor je opredeljeno v integriranih smernicah za rast in nova delovna mesta, ter kot pomoč pri njeni uresničitvi.

- they need to be read alongside the legislative proposals. The latter define the purpose and the scope of assistance of each Fund, while the Community Strategic Guidelines seek to identify within that scope those areas where the cohesion policy can most effectively contribute to the realisation of Community priorities, particularly those of the renewed Lisbon strategy;

- Smernice zadevajo tisti del nacionalnih in regionalnih naložb, ki jih sofinancirajo Strukturna sklada in Kohezijski sklad.

- they reflect discussion with the Member States and within the different Commission services.

- Treba jih je upoštevati skupaj z zakonodajnimi predlogi. Ti določajo namen in področje pomoči posameznega sklada, medtem ko strateške smernice Skupnosti poskušajo na tem področju določiti tista področja, kjer lahko kohezijska politika najbolj učinkovito prispeva k uresničitvi prednostnih nalog Skupnosti, zlasti tistih iz prenovljene lizbonske strategije.

Once adopted by the Council, the Guidelines will form the basis for preparing national strategic reference frameworks and the resulting operational programmes.

- Odražajo razpravo z državami članicami in v različnih službah Komisije.

2. COHESION, GROWTH, JOBS

Smernice bodo, ko jih bo sprejel Svet, temelj za pripravo nacionalnih strateških referenčnih okvirov in iz njih izhajajočih operativnih programov.

2.1. The renewed Lisbon agenda

2. KOHEZIJA, RAST, NOVA DELOVNA MESTA

The conclusions of the March 2000 European Council in Lisbon[7] – the basic text defining the Lisbon strategy – set out a strategy and a broad range of objectives and policy tools with the aim of making the European Union more dynamic and competitive. The 2001 European Council in Göteborg incorporated an environmental dimension to these objectives.

2.1. Prenovljeni program lizbonske strategije

The mid-term review of the process concluded that results so far were mixed. After a promising start in 2000, employment growth slowed sharply, while productivity growth has been disappointing throughout, owing partly to the failure to take full advantage of the knowledge economy and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Although the poor economic performance is partly due to the slowdown in the world economy, more needs to be done to raise growth potential and employment in Europe.

Sklepi Evropskega sveta v Lizboni marca 2000[7] – temeljno besedilo, ki določa lizbonsko strategijo – so opredelili strategijo ter širok razpon ciljev in orodij politike, da Evropska unija postane dinamičnejša in konkurenčnejša. Evropski svet v Göteborgu leta 2001 je tem ciljem dodal okoljsko razsežnost.

In February 2005, the Commission proposed a new Partnership for Growth and Jobs[8] to the European Council of March 2005. The Council confirmed its objectives and underlined the need to re-launch the Lisbon Strategy.

Vmesni pregled procesa je pokazal, da so doseženi rezultati neenotni. Po obetavnem začetku v letu 2000 se je rast zaposlovanja močno upočasnila, rast produktivnosti je bila vseskozi pod pričakovanji, delno zaradi nepopolnega izkoriščanja ekonomije znanja ter informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT). Čeprav so slabi gospodarski rezultati delno pogojeni z upočasnitvijo svetovnega gospodarstva, je treba narediti več za povečanje potenciala rasti in zaposlovanja v Evropi.

This renewed effort requires that “ the Union must mobilise all appropriate national and Community resources – including cohesion policy” [9] . In addition, it concluded that greater ownership of the Lisbon objectives on the ground was necessary, involving regional and local actors and social partners. This is of particular importance in areas where proximity matters, such as in innovation and the knowledge economy, employment, human capital, entrepreneurship, support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or access to risk capital financing. Moreover, national policies should also consistently address the same strategic objectives in order to mobilise the largest amount of resources and avoid conflicting actions on the ground.

Februarja 2005 je Komisija predlagala novo Partnerstvo za rast in nova delovna mesta[8] in ga predložila Evropskemu svetu na zasedanju marca 2005. Svet je potrdil cilje predloga in poudaril potrebo po ponovnem zagonu lizbonske strategije.

In the period since the March 2005 European Council, the Commission has adopted integrated guidelines for the growth and jobs[10] agenda in order to assist Member States in developing national reform programmes. In parallel, the Commission will prepare a Lisbon Community Programme.

To obnovljeno prizadevanje zahteva, da „ mora Unija sprostiti vsa ustrezna državna sredstva in sredstva Skupnosti – vključno s kohezijsko politiko “ [9] . Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da je potrebno močnejše usvajanje lizbonskih ciljev v praksi z udeležbo regionalnih in lokalnih udeležencev ter socialnih partnerjev. To je zlasti pomembno na področjih, kjer je potrebna krajevna bližina, na primer pri inovacijah ali ekonomiji znanja, zaposlovanju, človeškem kapitalu, podjetništvu, podpiranju malih in srednjih podjetij (MSP) ali dostopu do financiranja v obliki tveganega kapitala. Nacionalne politike morajo tudi dosledno obravnavati iste strateške cilje, da se sprosti največja količina sredstev in se v praksi preprečijo nasprotujoči si ukrepi.

2.2. The contribution of cohesion policy to growth and jobs

V obdobju od zasedanja Evropskega sveta marca 2005 je Komisija sprejela agendo integriranih smernic za rast in nova delovna mesta[10], da bi pomagala državam članicam pri oblikovanju programov nacionalnih reform. Vzporedno s tem bo Komisija pripravila program Skupnosti lizbonske strategije.

Cohesion policy already contributes to the Lisbon strategy. Independent evaluations show that the policy has had a substantial macro-economic impact, especially in the less-developed regions, with multiplier effects on the EU as a whole[11]. By mobilising the potential for growth that exists in all regions, cohesion policy improves the geographical balance of economic development and raises the potential rate of growth in the Union as a whole. If the EU is to achieve its Lisbon targets, all regions – especially those where the potential for higher productivity and employment is greatest – have their part to play.

2.2. Prispevek kohezijske politike k rasti in novim delovnim mestom

Moreover, cohesion policy contributes to strengthening economic and political integration through, for example, developing infrastructure networks and access to services of general interest, raising the skills of the Community’s citizens, enhancing the accessibility of remote regions and promoting cooperation.

Kohezijska politika že prispeva k lizbonski strategiji. Neodvisne ocene kažejo, da ima politika pomemben makroekonomski učinek, posebno v manj razvitih regijah, ter multiplikacijske učinke na celotno EU[11]. Kohezijska politika s sprostitvijo potenciala rasti, ki obstaja v vseh regijah, izboljšuje geografsko ravnovesje gospodarskega razvoja in povečuje možno stopnjo rasti v celotni Uniji. Če želi EU doseči lizbonske cilje, morajo vse regije – posebno tiste z največjim potencialom za večjo produktivnost in zaposlovanje – prispevati svoj delež.

There are several ways in which cohesion policy can continue to make a significant contribution to the Lisbon priorities by:

Kohezijska politika poleg tega prispeva h krepitvi gospodarske in politične vključenosti npr. z razvojem infrastrukturnih omrežij in dostopom do storitev splošnega pomena, povečanjem znanj državljanov Skupnosti, izboljšanjem dostopnosti oddaljenih regij in spodbujanjem sodelovanja.

- Investing in areas of high growth potential. High returns are available on investments in regions with the potential to catch up rapidly with the rest of the EU, but where domestic funds may be insufficient to pursue all available opportunities.

Načinov, kako lahko kohezijska politika še naprej pomembno prispeva k prednostnim nalogam lizbonske strategije, je več:

- Investing in the drivers of growth and employment. Cohesion policy is focused on investments in human and physical capital that are critical to growth and employment potential, including physical and ICT infrastructure, research capacity and innovation, education and training and adaptability of workers.

- Naložbe na področjih z velikim potencialom rasti . Možen je visok donos pri naložbah v regije, ki bi lahko hitro dohitele preostalo EU, vendar so morda domača sredstva nezadostna za uresničitev vseh razpoložljivih možnosti.

- Supporting the implementation of coherent strategies over the medium to longer term. Cohesion policy is the only policy to provide a stable seven-year framework of investment.

- Naložbe v gibala rasti in razvoja . Kohezijska politika je osredotočena na naložbe v človeški in fizični kapital, ki so bistvene za rast in razvoj, vključno s fizično infrastrukturo in infrastrukturo IKT, raziskovalnimi zmogljivostmi in inovacijami, izobraževanjem in usposabljanjem ter prilagodljivostjo delavcev.

- Developing synergies and complementarities with other Community policies. Cohesion policy acts as a powerful lever for the implementation of other Community policies. For example, Trans European Network projects are financed directly by the Cohesion Fund in the cohesion countries, leading to substantial gains in accessibility to the rest of Europe; compliance with the environmental acquis and with the broader aims of sustainable development is strongly supported by cohesion policy; RTD policy and its concerns with, in particular, research infrastructures and the development of human resources in research is also supported by cohesion policy, as are Community innovation and SME policies.

- Podpiranje izvajanja skladnih strategij na srednji ali dolgi rok. Kohezijska politika je edina politika, ki zagotavlja stabilen sedemletni okvir za naložbe.

- Mobilising additional resources. Activities co-financed by cohesion policy secure a high degree of additionality for EU funds, in particular by shifting resources for investment to areas where expenditure can have the greatest impact and added value. They leverage additional national resources, both public and private, for use in coherent national and regional development strategies. Each euro spent at the EU level by cohesion policy leads to further expenditure, averaging 0.9 euros, in less developed regions (current Objective 1) and 3 euros in regions undergoing restructuring (current Objective 2).

- Razvijanje sinergij in dopolnjevanja z drugimi politikami Skupnosti . Kohezijska politika deluje kot močan vzvod za izvajanje drugih politik Skupnosti. Projekti vseevropskih omrežij se na primer neposredno financirajo iz Kohezijskega sklada v kohezijskih državah in povzročijo bistveno povečanje dostopnosti preostale Evrope; kohezijska politika močno podpira skladnost s pravnim redom na področju okolja in s širšimi cilji trajnostnega razvoja; kohezijska politika podpira tudi politiko RTR in njena prizadevanja zlasti v zvezi z raziskovalnimi infrastrukturami in razvojem človeških virov v raziskavah ter tudi politike Skupnosti na področju inovacij in MSP.

- Improving governance. The unique delivery system for cohesion programmes favours improvements in institutional capabilities in policy design and implementation; the dissemination of an evaluation culture; public–private partnership arrangements; transparency; regional and cross-border cooperation; and the exchange of best practices. It also contributes to better governance at all levels by improving responsibility and ownership of the Lisbon strategy at sub-national level.

- Sproščanje dodatnih sredstev. Dejavnosti, ki jih sofinancira kohezijska politika, zagotavljajo visoko stopnjo dodatnosti za sklade EU, še zlasti s premikom sredstev za naložbe na področja, kjer imajo lahko izdatki največji učinek in dodano vrednost. So vzvod za dodatne nacionalne vire, javne in zasebne, za uporabo v skladnih nacionalnih in regionalnih razvojnih strategijah. Vsak euro, ki ga na ravni EU porabi kohezijska politika, povzroči nadaljnje izdatke, ki znašajo v povprečju 0,9 EUR v manj razvitih regijah (sedanji cilj 1) in 3 EUR v regijah, ki so v postopku prestrukturiranja (sedanji cilj 2).

- Promoting an integrated approach to territorial cohesion. Cohesion policy can help to create sustainable communities, by ensuring that economic, social and environmental issues are tackled through integrated strategies for renewal, regeneration and development in both urban and rural areas

- Izboljšanje upravljanja. Edinstven sistem financiranja kohezijskih programov podpira izboljšanje institucionalnih sposobnosti pri oblikovanju in izvajanju politike; razširjanje kulture ocenjevanja; dogovore o partnerstvih med javnim in zasebnim sektorjem; preglednost; regionalno in čezmejno sodelovanje ter izmenjavo najboljših praks. Prispeva tudi k boljšemu upravljanju na vseh ravneh s povečanjem odgovornosti in močnejšim usvajanjem lizbonske strategije na podnacionalni ravni.

In the light of the different ways in which cohesion policy can contribute to the Lisbon agenda, the following section sets out the key aspects of the new framework for cohesion policy, 2007-2013.

- Spodbujanje integriranega pristopa k ozemeljski koheziji. Kohezijska politika lahko pomaga ustvariti trajnostne skupnosti, tako da zagotovi, da so gospodarske, družbene in okoljske zadeve obravnavane z integriranimi strategijami za obnovo, prenovo ter razvoj mest in podeželja.

3. THE FRAMEWORK FOR COHESION POLICY 2007-2013

Glede na različne načine, kako lahko kohezijska politika prispeva k programu lizbonske strategije, določa naslednji oddelek ključne vidike novega okvira kohezijske politike v obdobju 2007–2013.

3.1. Concentration

3. OKVIR KOHEZIJSKE POLITIKE 2007–2013

In this section, the new framework for cohesion policy is discussed in relation to the need for thematic and geographical concentration. Since the concentration of resources is also a process issue, the governance dimension is also discussed.

3.1. Osredotočenost

Growth in economic output is essentially composed of two drivers: employment and productivity growth. They are intimately related and must be boosted simultaneously to achieve maximum impact. In order to promote under the national and regional development programmes, 2007-2013, a sustainable development path and strengthen competitiveness in the knowledge-based economy, it is essential to concentrate resources on basic infrastructures, human capital, and research and innovation, including access to and strategic use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Both tangible and intangible assets are required.

V tem oddelku se nov okvir za kohezijsko politiko obravnava v zvezi s potrebo po tematski in geografski osredotočenosti. Ker je osredotočenost sredstev tudi postopkovna zadeva, se obravnava tudi razsežnost upravljanja.

The policy mix in order for a Member State or region to achieve an appropriate combination of investments for growth depends on its specific characteristics, the structure of its economic activity and the nature and extent of its structural deficits, and its potential areas of comparative advantage. The policy mix inevitably evolves over time, bringing a change in the type of policies and instruments used. Each Member State and region has to find the right policy mix for its own development path in the light of its particular economic, social, environmental, cultural and institutional conditions.

Gospodarsko rast v bistvu sestavljata dve gibali: zaposlovanje in rast produktivnosti. Sta tesno povezani in ju je treba hkrati povečati, da se doseže največji učinek. Da se v okviru nacionalnih in regionalnih razvojnih programov v obdobju 2007–2013 spodbuja trajnostni razvoj in krepi konkurenčnost v gospodarstvu, osnovanem na znanju, je nujno treba osredotočiti sredstva v osnovne infrastrukture, človeški kapital ter raziskave in razvoj, vključno z dostopom do informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij (IKT) ter njihovo strateško uporabo. Potrebna so opredmetena in neopredmetena sredstva.

However, while the mix may vary according to context, concentration will be ensured at the level of programmes and projects by including only those elements that can contribute to the growth and jobs agenda. This will be the governing principle which the Commission will bring to bear when negotiating the different national and regional programmes.

Preplet politik, da država članica ali regija doseže ustrezno kombinacijo naložb za rast, je odvisna od njenih posebnih značilnosti, sestave njene gospodarske dejavnosti ter narave in razpona njenih strukturnih primanjkljajev in morebitnih področij sorazmerne prednosti. Preplet politik se s časom neizogibno razvija in prinaša spremembo vrste uporabljenih politik in instrumentov. Vsaka država članica in regija morata najti pravi preplet politik za svojo razvojno pot ob upoštevanju svojih posebnih gospodarskih, družbenih, okoljskih, kulturnih in institucionalnih pogojev.

Timing is also an issue with regard to cohesion policy in Member States where transfers from the Union take on a macroeconomic dimension. In the short-term, these transfers will create pressure on inflation, for example, in the construction sector while placing additional pressure on the current account (as a result of imports of capital equipment, etc.) and on the budget (due to co-financing arrangements). It is therefore important that Member States and regions organise their investment programmes in such a way as to address the supply-side bottlenecks and increase productivity in order to offset the demand-side pressures on the nominal economy.

Čeprav se preplet lahko spreminja glede na razmere, pa se osredotočenost na ravni programov in projektov zagotovi z vključitvijo le tistih elementov, ki lahko prispevajo k agendi rasti in novih delovnih mest. To bo glavno načelo, za katero si bo Komisija prizadevala pri pogajanjih o različnih nacionalnih in regionalnih programih.

Account also needs to be taken of other Community policy priorities, first because of their potential to contribute to growth and jobs within the framework of cohesion policy programmes and, second, in order to foster synergies with other EU policies on the ground.

Tudi ustrezna časovna razporeditev je pomembna v zvezi s kohezijsko politiko v državah članicah, v katerih imajo transferji iz Unije makroekonomsko razsežnost. Kratkoročno bodo ti transferji povzročili pritisk na inflacijo na primer v gradbenem sektorju in hkrati dodaten pritisk na tekoči račun (zaradi uvoza osnovnih delovnih sredstev ) in proračun (zaradi dogovorov o sofinanciranju). Zato je pomembno, da države članice in regije organizirajo svoje programe naložb tako, da bodo urejali ozka grla v ponudbi in povečali produktivnost ter tako zmanjšali pritisk povpraševanja na nominalno gospodarstvo.

3.2. Convergence

Upoštevati je treba tudi druge prednostne naloge politik Skupnosti, prvič zaradi njihovih možnosti prispevanja k rasti in novim delovnim mestom v okviru programov kohezijske politike, drugič pa zato, da se spodbujajo sinergije z drugimi politikami EU v praksi.

For regions and Member States eligible for cohesion policy support under the new Convergence objective, the key objective will be to stimulate growth potential to maintain and achieve high growth rates. This objective should be seen in the light of the unprecedented increase in disparities within the enlarged Union, the long-term nature of the efforts that will be needed to reduce them and the contribution to the competitiveness of the whole Union.

3.2. Konvergenca

Their strategies therefore will focus on the investments and collective services which are required to increase long-term competitiveness, job creation and sustainable development. Basic infrastructures and services will need to be created, upgraded and expanded in order to open up regional and local economies, set up a proper business support framework and exploit the opportunities afforded by the Single Market. Moreover, substantial efforts are required to expand investment in human capital; increase access to employment; strengthen social inclusion; and introduce and implement reform in education and training systems.

Za regije in države članice, upravičene do podpore s strani kohezijske politike v okviru novega konvergenčnega cilja, bo ključni cilj spodbujati potencial rasti za ohranitev in uresničitev visokih stopenj rasti. Na ta cilj je treba gledati z vidika doslej največjega povečanja neskladij v razširjeni Uniji, dolgoročnih prizadevanj, ki bodo potrebna za njihovo zmanjšanje, in prispevanja h konkurenčnosti celotne Unije.

Along with efforts directed at basic infrastructure, action is required to modernise and restructure the productive capacity of regions by providing services to enterprises, particularly SMEs; by improving access to finance; by promoting RTD and innovation; by developing human resources; and by promoting the penetration, dissemination and take-up of ICTs.

Njihove strategije se bodo zato osredotočile v naložbe in kolektivne storitve, ki so potrebne za povečanje dolgoročne konkurenčnosti, ustvarjanje novih delovnih mest in trajnostni razvoj. Ustvariti, nadgraditi in razširiti je treba osnovne infrastrukture in storitve, da se odprejo regionalna in lokalna gospodarstva, vzpostavi pravilen okvir za podporo podjetništvu in izkoristijo možnosti, ki jih ponuja enoten trg. Poleg tega so potrebna bistvena prizadevanja za razširitev naložb v človeški kapital; povečanje dostopa do zaposlovanja; krepitev socialne vključenosti ter uvedbo in izvajanje reform v sistemih izobraževanja in usposabljanja.

The strengthening of institutional capacities and the institutional order is essential to design and deliver effective policies.

Ob prizadevanjih, usmerjenih v osnovno infrastrukturo, je potrebno ukrepanje za posodobitev in prestrukturiranje proizvodne zmogljivosti regij z zagotavljanjem storitev podjetjem, zlasti MSP; izboljšanjem dostopnosti do financ; spodbujanjem RTR in inovacij; razvijanjem človeških virov in s spodbujanjem uveljavljanja, razširjanja in prevzemanja IKT.

3.3. Regional competitiveness and employment

Krepitev institucionalnih zmogljivosti in institucionalnega reda je bistvena za oblikovanje in uresničitev učinkovitih politik.

The need for concentration on a limited number of key priorities, and in particular on research, innovation, accessibility and job creation, is compelling under this objective in order to ensure best use of limited financial resources. To ensure a smooth adaptation following economic change and restructuring, investment in human capital can play an important role.

3.3. Regionalna konkurenčnost in zaposlovanje

The aim of the new regional competitiveness and employment objective is to anticipate and promote economic change by improving the competitiveness and attractiveness of EU regions through investments in the knowledge economy, entrepreneurship, research, university-enterprise cooperation and innovation; access to transport and telecommunication infrastructure, energy, and health; environment and risk prevention; supporting the adaptability of workers and enterprises; reinforcing participation in the labour market; and promoting social inclusion and sustainable communities.

Potreba po osredotočenosti na omejeno število ključnih prednostnih nalog, ter še zlasti na raziskave, inovacije, dostopnost in ustvarjanje novih delovnih mest, je v okviru tega cilja najpomembnejša, da se zagotovi najboljša uporaba omejenih finančnih sredstev. Pri zagotavljanju nemotene prilagoditve gospodarski spremembi in prestrukturiranju imajo naložbe v človeški kapital pomembno vlogo.

Industrial regions take different forms. Many are characterised by the presence of large manufacturing firms, high population densities and high economic growth rates while others combine modern industry, especially SMEs, and a relatively rapidly growing service sector. Both types of region may, however, be confronted by pockets of deep-seated urban decline and poverty, by congestion, environmental pressure and ill-health, having to respond to the challenges of globalisation and the need to adapt to accelerating economic change. At the other end of the scale, many industrial regions are only just beginning to adapt to change, and the run-down of the industrial base has not been offset to a sufficient degree by new activities.

Namen novega cilja regionalne konkurenčnosti in zaposlovanja je predvideti in spodbujati gospodarske spremembe z izboljšanjem konkurenčnosti in privlačnosti regij EU in z naložbami v ekonomijo znanja, podjetništvo, raziskave, sodelovanje med univerzami in podjetji ter inovacije; z dostopom do prometne in telekomunikacijske infrastrukture, energetike in zdravstva; varstvom okolja in preprečevanjem tveganj; podpiranjem prilagodljivosti delavcev in podjetij; spodbujanjem sodelovanja na trgu dela ter spodbujanjem socialne vključenosti in trajnostnih skupnosti.

Meanwhile, in areas characterised by low population density , economic development is often driven by small firms, but the challenges facing them are similar. The low population density makes it more difficult to respond to the challenges and the socio-economic situation has therefore not changed over the past decade.

Industrijske regije so različnih vrst. Za mnoge so značilna velika predelovalna podjetja, velika gostota prebivalstva in visoka stopnja gospodarske rasti, za druge pa povezanost sodobne industrije, posebno malih in srednjih podjetij, in sorazmerno hitro rastočega storitvenega sektorja. Obe vrsti regij pa se lahko srečujeta z globoko ukoreninjenim propadanjem mest in revščino, prenatrpanostjo, pritiskom na okolje in zdravstvenimi težavami, ko se morata odzivati na izzive globalizacije in potrebo po prilagoditvi pospešeni gospodarski spremembi. Na drugi strani se mnoge industrijske regije šele začenjajo prilagajati spremembi in nove dejavnosti še niso zadostno nadomestile izčrpane industrijske baze.

There is a wide variation in the economic situation of rural areas . Some have good links to urban centres and, with agriculture continuing to play a significant role, are experiencing increasing economic diversification and the growth of activities in the service sector, for example tourism. Other more remote rural areas have to contend with a highly dispersed and ageing population, poor technical and social infrastructures, inadequate services, and weak links with the rest of the economy.

Na območjih z nizko gostoto prebivalstva gospodarski razvoj pogosto vodijo mala podjetja, ki se srečujejo s podobnimi izzivi. Nizka gostota prebivalstva otežuje odzivanje na izzive, zato se družbeno-gospodarski položaj v preteklem desetletju ni spremenil.

Addressing this diversity of problems, and helping regions to restructure and generate new activities in accordance with the renewed Lisbon agenda, is the challenge for the new generation of regional competitiveness and employment programmes.

Obstajajo velike razlike v gospodarskem položaju podeželja . Nekatera podeželska območja imajo dobre povezave z mestnimi središči in, čeprav kmetijstvo ohranja pomembno vlogo, doživljajo povečano gospodarsko diverzifikacijo in rast dejavnosti v storitvenem sektorju, na primer v turizmu. Druga bolj oddaljena podeželska območja se morajo spopadati z zelo razpršenim in starajočim se prebivalstvom, slabo tehnično in družbeno infrastrukturo, neustreznimi storitvami in slabimi povezavami s preostalim gospodarstvom.

3.4. European territorial cooperation

Obravnavanje vseh teh različnih težav in pomoč regijam pri prestrukturiranju in oblikovanju novih dejavnosti v skladu s prenovljenim programom lizbonske strategije sta izziva nove generacije programov za regionalno konkurenčnost in zaposlovanje.

The aim of the new cooperation objective is to promote stronger integration of the territory of the Union in all its dimensions. In so doing, cohesion policy supports the balanced and sustainable development of the territory of the Union at the level of its macro-regions and reduces the “barrier effects” through cross-border cooperation and the exchange of best practices.

3.4. Evropsko ozemeljsko sodelovanje

These actions are based on shared development strategies of the territories concerned (national, regional, local) and on the networking of the key stakeholders. As such, they have an obvious European value added which increases even more in the enlarged and more diversified Union.

Namen novega cilja sodelovanja je spodbujati večjo integriranost ozemlja Unije v vseh njenih razsežnostih. Pri tem kohezijska politika podpira uravnotežen in trajnostni razvoj ozemlja Unije na ravni njenih makroregij ter zmanjšuje „učinek ovir“ s čezmejnim sodelovanjem in izmenjavo najboljših praks.

3.5. Governance

Ti ukrepi temeljijo na deljenih razvojnih strategijah zadevnih ozemelj (na nacionalni, regionalni in lokalni ravni) in povezovanju ključnih interesnih skupin v omrežja. Imajo očitno evropsko dodano vrednost, ki je še izrazitejša v razširjeni in bolj raznovrstni Uniji.

In the context of cohesion policy, the issue of governance has different dimensions.

3.5. Upravljanje

The first concerns a set of characteristics of public organisations related to the performance and the success of public policies . For countries and regions, in particular those eligible under the Convergence objective, the quality and productivity of the public sector are essential in order to embrace reforms and good governance, especially in the economic, employment, social, educational, environmental and judicial fields. This will help not only to improve the implementation of EU cohesion policy, but also to raise economic performance overall.

V zvezi s kohezijsko politiko ima upravljanje različne razsežnosti.

Strengthening institutional capacities and governance where they are considered to be weak should be a key priority in less developed regions. Economic competitiveness and a stronger civil society depend not only on effective infrastructure networks, but also on the non-discriminatory, predictable and transparent enforcement of the law; the assignment and enforcement of tradable property rights, including intellectual property rights; an open public procurement system; and an administration which minimises the administrative burden on economic operators.

Prva razsežnost zadeva značilnosti javnih organizacij v zvezi z učinkovitostjo in uspešnostjo javnih politik . Za države in regije, še zlasti za tiste, ki so upravičene v okviru konvergenčnega cilja, sta kakovost in produktivnost javnega sektorja bistvena, če hočejo uvesti reforme in dobro upravljanje, posebno na področju gospodarstva, zaposlovanja, socialnega varstva, okolja in pravosodja. To ne bo pomagalo le pri boljšem izvajanju kohezijske politike EU, ampak bo tudi povečalo celotno gospodarsko učinkovitost.

Thus, when developing their national strategies, Member States should systematically analyse to what extent a more efficient, accountable and transparent public administration can help raise productivity levels. Capacity building for public administrations at national, regional and local level, to improve the administrative framework for economic activity, good policy design and implementation, including better lawmaking, evaluation and impact analysis of policy proposals, and regular screening of delivery mechanisms, should therefore be supported by the Structural Funds.

Krepitev institucionalnih zmogljivosti in upravljanja, kadar so šibki, mora biti prednostna naloga manj razvitih regij. Gospodarska konkurenčnost in močnejša civilna družba nista odvisni le od učinkovitih infrastrukturnih omrežij, ampak tudi od nediskriminatornega, predvidljivega in preglednega uveljavljanja prava; dodelitve in uveljavljanja pravic tržljive lastnine, vključno s pravicami intelektualne lastnine; odprtega sistema javnih naročil; ter uprave, ki zmanjšuje administrativno obremenitev gospodarskih subjektov.

The second dimension refers to measures and actions that are specifically needed in order to improve the capacity of Member States in managing and implementing the cohesion policy . Sound and efficient management of the Funds requires appropriate, effective and transparent structures in central and regional administrations which are able to perform the tasks related to the implementation of the Funds, such as public procurement, financial control, monitoring, evaluation, and preventing and combating fraud and corruption. The effective use of the Funds is also influenced by the capacities of project holders to develop and implement high-quality projects. Where resources are used in an efficient and transparent manner, their visibility in itself encourages private entrepreneurs and social partners, and creates the environment for the former to take their own investment decisions. Therefore, action is needed in this field too, and should be backed up by technical assistance.

Zato morajo države članice pri razvijanju svojih nacionalnih strategij sistematično analizirati, koliko lahko učinkovitejša, odgovornejša in preglednejša javna uprava pomaga zvišati raven produktivnosti. Strukturna sklada morata zato podpirati povečanje zmogljivosti javnih uprav na nacionalni, regionalni in lokalni ravni, da se izboljša upravni okvir za gospodarsko dejavnost, dobro načrtovanje in izvajanje politike, vključno z boljšo zakonodajo, oceno in analizo učinka predlogov politike ter rednim pregledom mehanizmov uresničevanja ciljev.

A related, and highly important, factor determining the effectiveness of cohesion policy is the quality of the partnership between all stakeholders, including those at regional and local level, in the preparation and implementation of programmes. In addition, a strong partnership between the Commission and the Member States is the basis for determining cohesion strategy and its ultimate implementation through the operational programme.

Druga razsežnost zadeva ukrepe in dejanja, ki so posebno potrebni za izboljšanje sposobnosti držav članic pri upravljanju in izvajanju kohezijske politike . Dobro in učinkovito upravljanje Skladov zahteva ustrezne, učinkovite in pregledne strukture centralnih in regionalnih uprav, ki so sposobne opravljati naloge v zvezi z izvajanjem Skladov, kot so javna naročila, finančni nadzor, spremljanje, ocenjevanje ter preprečevanje goljufije in korupcije in boj proti njima. Na učinkovito uporabo Skladov vplivajo tudi sposobnosti nosilcev projektov za razvijanje in izvajanje zelo kakovostnih projektov. Kadar se sredstva uporabljajo učinkovito in pregledno, že njihova preglednost spodbuja zasebne podjetnike in socialne partnerje ter ustvarja okolje, v katerem se prvi odločajo za lastne naložbe. Zato so tudi na tem področju potrebni ukrepi, ki morajo biti podprti s tehnično pomočjo.

Developing innovative projects based on partnership, promoting civil participation in the formulation and implementation of public policies, as well as improving interaction between and within the communities can contribute to the creation of human and social capital, leading to sustainable employment, growth, competitiveness and social cohesion. In this context, it is important for the key stakeholders at national, regional and local level to rally behind the reform agenda so that resources are genuinely concentrated on the growth and jobs agenda, and put in place the necessary partnership networks to that effect.

S tem povezan in zelo pomemben dejavnik, ki določa učinkovitost kohezijske politike, je kakovost partnerstva med vsemi interesnimi skupinami, vključno s tistimi na regionalni in lokalni ravni, pri pripravi in izvajanju programov. Poleg tega je tesno partnerstvo med Komisijo in državami članicami temelj za določanje kohezijske strategije in njenega končnega izvajanja z operativnim programom.

Regions are encouraged to develop regional sustainable development strategies, building consensus on the objectives to be achieved through regular and systematic dialogue with key stakeholders. Partnership is essential to the elaboration and the implementation of development strategies, and relies on consultation and participation of stakeholders, such as competent authorities, economic and social partners, and representatives of civil society including non-governmental organisations. Partnership provides a basis for openness and transparency in the preparation and implementation of programmes.

Razvijanje inovativnih projektov, ki temeljijo na partnerstvu, spodbujanje civilnega sodelovanja pri oblikovanju in izvajanju javnih politik ter izboljšanje stika med skupnostmi in znotraj njih lahko prispeva k ustvarjanju človeškega in družbenega kapitala ter ima za posledico trajnostno zaposlovanje, rast, konkurenčnost in družbeno kohezijo. V zvezi s tem je pomembno, da ključne interesne skupine na nacionalni, regionalni in lokalni ravni podprejo program reform, tako da so sredstva resnično osredotočena v agendo rasti in novih delovnih mest, in vzpostavijo za to potrebna omrežja partnerstev.

Public-Private Partnerships

Regije se spodbujajo k razvijanju regionalne strategije za trajnostni razvoj in vzpostavljanju soglasja o ciljih, ki jih je treba doseči, z rednim in sistematičnim dialogom s ključnimi interesnimi skupinami. Partnerstvo je bistveno za razdelavo in izvajanje razvojnih strategij in je odvisno od posvetovanja in sodelovanja interesnih skupin, kot so pristojni organi, gospodarski in socialni partnerji ter predstavniki civilne družbe, vključno z nevladnimi organizacijami. Partnerstvo ponuja temelj za odprtost in preglednost pri pripravi in izvajanju programov.

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) may be an appropriate method of financing investment when there is significant scope for involving the private sector, especially in areas where it is not feasible or appropriate to move away from public ownership or market provision. Apart from the financial leverage it provides, public-private partnership at project level also improves the quality of the implementation and subsequent management of projects. Member States are therefore encouraged to opt for such partnerships where they are available. The principal benefits of such PPP schemes are that:

Partnerstva med javnim in zasebnim sektorjem

• the public sector gains access to a range of private sector skills that should enable it to provide a more efficient and cost-effective service

Partnerstvo med javnim in zasebnim sektorjem je lahko ustrezna metoda financiranja naložb, če obstaja dovolj prostora za vključenost zasebnega sektorja, posebno tam, kjer ni izvedljiv ali ustrezen odmik od javnega lastništva ali preskrbe trga. Partnerstvo med javnim in zasebnim sektorjem učinkuje kot finančni vzvod, poleg tega na projektni ravni izboljšuje kakovost izvajanja in nadaljnjega upravljanja projektov. Zato se države članice spodbujajo, da se odločijo za takšna partnerstva, kadar so na voljo. Temeljne koristi takšnih shem partnerstva med javnim in zasebnim sektorjem so:

• the private sector takes on a range of risks that under traditional public procurement would be borne by the public sector

• javni sektor pridobi dostop do številnih znanj zasebnega sektorja, ki mu omogočajo zagotavljanje uspešnejših in stroškovno učinkovitejših storitev;

• greater efficiency can be generated where a single party is responsible for design, construction, management and financing as a part of an integrated package.

• zasebni sektor prevzame številna tveganja, ki bi jih v skladu s tradicionalnimi javnimi naročili nosil javni sektor;

In considering whether to undertake a particular project as a PPP, it is important that certain conditions are met before contracting out the provision of goods and services, in particular the putting in place of an appropriate legal framework.

• če je posamezna stran odgovorna za oblikovanje, vzpostavitev, upravljanje in financiranje kot del integriranega svežnja, se lahko doseže večja učinkovitost.

PPP arrangements work best where there is an explicit policy commitment by national governments to involve the private sector in public sector projects. Clear and specific frameworks are needed for PPP in different policy areas; these will vary, for example, according to how far costs can be recovered through user charges and the extent of social objectives.

Pri razmišljanju, ali določen projekt prepustiti partnerstvu med javnim in zasebnim sektorjem, je pred oddajo naročila za preskrbo z blagom in storitvami pomembno, da so izpolnjeni nekateri pogoji, zlasti vzpostavitev ustreznega pravnega okvira.

The EU will support these PPPs by providing finance, via the Structural and Cohesion funds, where the projects meet all the necessary criteria. For larger projects the Commission will encourage MS to include assessment of its suitability for a PPP scheme. The EIB and the EIF could provide valuable input in this regard.

Partnerstva med javnim in zasebnim najbolje delujejo, kadar se nacionalne vlade izrecno politično zavežejo, da bodo vključile zasebni sektor v projekte javnega sektorja. Potrebni so jasni in posebni okviri za partnerstva med javnim in zasebnim na različnih področjih politike; ti se bodo spreminjali glede na to na primer, koliko se bodo stroški lahko povrnili z uporabninami in kakšen je obseg socialnih ciljev.

4. GUIDELINES FOR COHESION POLICY, 2007-2013

EU bo ta partnerstva med javnim in zasebnim podpirala z zagotavljanjem sredstev prek Strukturnih skladov in Kohezijskega sklada, kadar bodo projekti izpolnjevali vsa potrebna merila. Pri obsežnejših projektih bo Komisija spodbujala države članice, da vključijo oceno svoje primernosti za shemo partnerstva med javnim in zasebnim sektorjem. V zvezi s tem bi lahko EIB in EIS ponudila dragocen prispevek.

In light of the above and of the renewed Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs, programmes co-financed through the cohesion policy should seek to target resources on the following three priorities[12]:

4. SMERNICE ZA KOHEZIJSKO POLITIKO, 2007–2013

- improving the attractiveness of Member States, regions and cities by improving accessibility, ensuring adequate quality and level of services, and preserving their environmental potential;

Glede na zgoraj omenjeno in na prenovljeno lizbonsko strategijo za rast in nova delovna mesta se morajo programi, ki so sofinancirani s kohezijsko politiko, poskušati osredotočiti na sredstva za naslednje tri prednostne naloge[12]:

- encouraging innovation, entrepreneurship and the growth of the knowledge economy by research and innovation capacities, including new information and communication technologies; and

- izboljšanje privlačnosti držav članic, regij in mest z izboljšanjem dostopnosti, zagotavljanjem ustrezne kakovosti in ravni storitev ter ohranjanjem njihovega okoljskega potenciala;

- creating more and better jobs by attracting more people into employment or entrepreneurial activity, improving adaptability of workers and enterprises and increasing investment in human capital.

- spodbujanje inovacij, podjetništva in rasti ekonomije znanja z raziskovalnimi in inovacijskimi zmogljivostmi, vključno z novimi informacijskimi in komunikacijskimi tehnologijami; in

In the following sections, key aspects of each of these broad areas are examined with specific guidelines under each heading. Naturally, not all of these more detailed guidelines will be relevant to all regions. The most appropriate mix of investments ultimately depends on the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each Member State and region. The guidelines rather represent a single framework which Member States and regions are invited to use when developing national and regional programmes, in particular with a view to assessing their contribution to the objectives of the Union in terms of cohesion, growth and jobs. The Guidelines are a necessary condition, but not the only condition for achieving the right level of concentration on key priorities for each Member State and region in accordance with the renewed Lisbon agenda.

- ustvarjanje več novih in boljših delovnih mest , pri čemer se več ljudi pritegne v zaposlitev ali podjetniško dejavnost, izboljša prilagodljivost delavcev in podjetij ter poveča naložbe v človeški kapital.

In line with the re-launch of the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs, cohesion policy should focus to a greater extent on knowledge, research and innovation, and human capital. Accordingly, the overall financial effort in support of these fields of action should be significantly increased. In addition, Member States should be inspired by best practice where this has delivered visibly positive results in terms of growth and jobs.

V naslednjih oddelkih se po posameznih naslovih s posebnimi smernicami obravnavajo ključni vidiki vsakega od teh širših področij. Vse te podrobnejše smernice seveda ne bodo ustrezne za vse regije. Najustreznejši preplet naložb je na koncu odvisen od analize močnih in šibkih strani posamezne države članice in regije. Smernice so predvsem enoten okvir, ki ga morajo države članice in regije uporabiti pri razvijanju nacionalnih in regionalnih programov, še zlasti za preučitev njihovih prispevkov k ciljem Unije glede kohezije, rasti in novih delovnih mest. Smernice so nujen, vendar ne edini pogoj za doseganje prave ravni osredotočenosti na ključne prednostne naloge posamezne države članice in regije v skladu s prenovljenim programom lizbonske strategije.

Member States and regions should pursue the objective of equality between men and women at all stages of the preparation and implementation of programmes and projects. This may be done through specific actions to promote equality or to combat discrimination, as well as by taking careful account of how other projects and the management of the funds may affect women and men.

V skladu s ponovnim zagonom lizbonske strategije za rast in nova delovna mesta se mora kohezijska politika obsežneje osredotočiti v znanje, raziskave in inovacije ter človeški kapital. Skladno s tem je treba bistveno povečati celoten finančni napor v podporo tem področjem dejavnosti. Poleg tega se morajo države članice zgledovati po najboljši praksi, kjer je ta dala vidno pozitivne rezultate glede na rast in nova delovna mesta.

4.1. GUIDELINE: Making Europe and its regions more attractive places to invest and work

Države članice in regije morajo slediti cilju enakosti med moškimi in ženskami na vseh stopnjah priprave in izvajanja programov in projektov. To se lahko izvede s posebnimi ukrepi za spodbujanje enakosti ali za boj proti diskriminaciji in s pozornim upoštevanjem, kako lahko drugi projekti ali upravljanje skladov vplivajo na ženske in moške.

One of the preconditions for growth and jobs is to ensure that the necessary infrastructure (e.g. transport, environment, energy) is available to businesses. A modern infrastructure is an important factor in the performance of many enterprises, affecting the economic and social attractiveness of regions. Infrastructure investment in regions that are lagging behind, especially in the new Member States, will encourage growth and thus reinforce convergence with the rest of the Union. Resources should come not just from grants but also from loans, for example from the European Investment Bank (EIB). Member States will have an opportunity to make greater use of EIB expertise to prepare suitable projects for European funding.

4.1. SMERNICA: Spremenimo Evropo in njene regije v privlačnejši kraj za naložbe in delo

4.1.1. Expand and improve transport infrastructures

Eden od predpogojev za rast in nova delovna mesta je zagotoviti, da je podjetništvu na voljo potrebna infrastruktura (npr. promet, okolje, energija). Moderna infrastruktura je pomemben dejavnik v poslovanju številnih podjetij in vpliva na gospodarsko in socialno privlačnost regij. Naložbe v infrastrukturo v regijah, ki zaostajajo v razvoju, posebno v novih državah članicah, bodo spodbudile rast in tako okrepile zbliževanje z ostalo Unijo. Sredstva je treba pridobivati ne le iz nepovratnih sredstev, ampak tudi iz posojil, na primer od Evropske investicijske banke (EIB). Države članice bodo imele možnost bolje izkoristiti strokovno znanje in izkušnje EIB pri pripravi primernih projektov za financiranje iz naslova EU.

The provision of efficient, flexible and safe transport infrastructure can be regarded as a necessary precondition for economic development as it boosts productivity and thus, the development prospects of the regions concerned by facilitating the movement of people and goods. Transport networks boost opportunities for trade, while increasing efficiency. Furthermore, the development of Europe-wide transport infrastructures (notably the relevant parts of the thirty priority projects for Trans-European Transport Networks), with a particular focus on cross-border projects, is essential to achieving greater integration of national markets, especially within the context of an expanded Union.

4.1.1. Razširitev in izboljšanje prometne infrastrukture

Infrastructure investment needs to be adapted to the specific needs and level of economic development of the regions and countries concerned. Typically, infrastructure investments (as with other investments) show diminishing rates of return above a certain level of funding. The economic returns on such investments are high when infrastructure is scarce and basic networks have not been completed, but they are likely to decrease once a certain level has been reached.

Zagotavljanje učinkovite, prilagodljive in varne prometne infrastrukture lahko velja za potreben predpogoj za gospodarski razvoj, saj povečuje produktivnost in s pospeševanjem pretoka ljudi in blaga tudi razvojne vidike zadevnih regij. Prometna omrežja spodbujajo priložnosti za trgovino in povečujejo učinkovitost. Poleg tega je razvoj prometne infrastrukture po vsej Evropi (predvsem pomembnih delov tridesetih prednostnih projektov za vseevropska prometna omrežja), s posebnim poudarkom na čezmejnih projektih, bistven za večje vključevanje notranjih trgov, posebno v razširjeni Uniji.

The level of regional economic development and the existence of large infrastructure endowments should thus be taken into account. In the least developed regions and countries, international and interregional connections may offer higher returns over the longer term in the form of increased business competitiveness and also facilitate labour mobility. On the other hand, for regions with a dispersed, small-scale economic base and a settlement pattern based on small towns, the construction of a regional transport infrastructure may be more appropriate. In convergence regions, and to a lesser extent in phasing out regions, with inadequate road networks, funding should also be available to build economically vital road links.

Naložbe v infrastrukturo se morajo prilagoditi posebnim potrebam in stopnji gospodarskega razvoja regij in zadevnihdržav. Običajno je, da naložbe v infrastrukturo (kot tudi druge naložbe) kažejo upadanje donosa nad določeno stopnjo financiranja. Gospodarska donosnost takšnih naložb je zelo visoka, ko je infrastruktura nezadostna in so osnovna omrežja nedokončana, ampak bo verjetno upadla, ko bo dosežena določena stopnja.

In order to maximise the benefits deriving from transport investments, assistance from the Funds must be based on a number of principles.

Zato je treba upoštevati stopnjo regionalnega gospodarskega razvoja in dejstvo, da obstaja možnost visokih dotacij za infrastrukturo. V najmanj razvitih regijah in državah lahko mednarodne in medregionalne povezave dolgoročneje ponudijo višji donos v obliki povečane konkurenčnosti poslovanja in omogočijo tudi pretok delovne sile. Vendar je za regije, ki imajo razpršeno gospodarsko dejavnost majhnega obsega in v katerih vzorec poseljenosti temelji na majhnih mestih, gradnja regionalne prometne infrastrukture primernejša. V konvergenčnih regijah in deloma v regijah, ki postajajo neupravičene do pomoči, z neprimernimi cestnimi omrežji mora biti financiranje prav tako na voljo za gradnjo gospodarsko potrebnih cestnih povezav.

First, objective criteria should be used to determine the level and nature of the infrastructure investment to be undertaken. For instance, potential rates of return should be measured by the level of economic development and the nature of economic activities of the regions concerned, the prevailing density of infrastructures or the degree of congestion. When determining the social rates of return, due account must also be taken of environmental and social implications of prospective infrastructure projects.

Da se čim bolj povečajo koristi, ki izhajajo iz naložb v promet, mora pomoč iz Skladov temeljiti na številnih načelih.

Second, the principle of environmental sustainability should be respected to the greatest possible extent, in accordance with the White Paper[13]. Balancing the dominance of road transport in Europe by promoting alternative modes and combined transport should be a key concern.

Prvič, treba je uporabiti objektivno merilo za določitev stopnje in narave nameravane naložbe v infrastrukturo. Na primer, možne stopnje donosa je treba meriti s stopnjo gospodarskega razvoja in naravo gospodarske dejavnosti zadevnih regij, s prevladujočo gostoto infrastruktur ali stopnjo preobremenjenosti. Pri določanju socialnih stopenj donosa je treba ustrezno upoštevati tudi okoljske in socialne posledice predvidenih infrastrukturnih projektov.

Third, particular attention should be paid in the Convergence regions to modernising the railway system by carefully selecting the priority sections, ensuring their interoperability within the framework of the European Rail Transport Management System (ERTMS).

Drugič, čim bolj je treba spoštovati načelo trajnostnega razvoja okolja v skladu z Belo knjigo[13]. Glavna skrb mora biti uravnavanje prevlade cestnega prometa v Evropi s spodbujanjem nadomestnih načinov in kombiniranega prometa.

Fourth, investments in transport infrastructure should be accompanied by proper traffic management, with particular attention to safety, in accordance with national and Community standards. National or regional strategies should take into account the need to achieve a balanced (and clean) modal split that serves both economic and environmental needs. Strategies should include, for example, intelligent transport systems, multi-modal platforms and, in particular, technology used for the ERTMS and SESAME (for a more uniform air traffic management system in Europe).

Tretjič, v konvergenčnih regijah je treba posebno pozornost nameniti modernizaciji železniškega sistema s pazljivo izbiro prednostnih odsekov, kar zagotavlja njihovo interoperabilnost v okviru Evropskega sistema za vodenje železniškega prometa.

Based on the above principles, the guidelines for action are as follows:

Četrtič, naložbe v prometno infrastrukturo mora spremljati pravilno upravljanje prometa s posebnim poudarkom na varnosti v skladu z nacionalnimi standardi in standardi Skupnosti. Nacionalne in regionalne strategije morajo upoštevati potrebo po doseganju uravnotežene (in čiste) strukture transporta, ki zadovoljuje gospodarske in tudi okoljske potrebe. Strategije morajo na primer vključevati inteligentne prometne sisteme, večmodalne perone in še zlasti tehnologijo, ki je v uporabi za Evropski sistem za vodenje železniškega prometa in za program SESAME (za enotnejši sistem za vodenje zračnega prometa v Evropi).

- Member States should give priority to the 30 projects of European interest , located in Member States and regions eligible under the Convergence objective[14]. Other TEN projects should be supported where this is a strong case in terms of their contribution to growth and competitiveness. Within this group of projects, cross-border links and those overseen by the specially designated European co-ordinators in the Member States merit special attention. Member States should make use of the co-ordinators as a means of shortening the time that elapses between designation of the planning of the network and the physical construction

Smernice za ukrepanje, temelječe na zgoraj navedenih načelih, so:

- Complementary investment in secondary connections will also be important in the context of an integrated regional transport and communications strategy covering urban and rural areas, in order to ensure that the regions benefit from the opportunities created by the major networks.

- Države članice morajo dati prednost 30 projektom evropskega interesa, lociranih v državah članicah in regijah, ki so upravičene v skladu s konvergenčnim ciljem[14]. Ostale projekte vseevropskih omrežij je treba podpirati, če so pomembni zaradi svojega prispevka k rasti in konkurenčnosti. V tej skupini projektov si čezmejne povezave in tiste povezave, ki jih nadzirajo posebej za to nalogo imenovani evropski koordinatorji v državah članicah, zaslužijo posebno pozornost. Države članice morajo uporabiti koordinatorje, da se skrajša obdobje med določitvijo načrtovanja omrežja in fizično gradnjo;

- Support for rail infrastructure should seek to ensure greater access. Track fees should facilitate access for independent operators. They should also enhance the creation of an EU-wide interoperable network. Compliance and applications of the interoperability and the fitting of ERTMS on board and on track should be part of all projects financed.

- Dopolnilna naložba v sekundarne povezave bo prav tako pomembna v okviru integriranega regionalnega transporta in komunikacijske strategije za mesta in podeželje, da se regijam zagotovijo koristi od možnosti, ki jih ponujajo glavna omrežja;

- Promoting environmentally sustainable transport networks . This includes public transport facilities (including park-and-ride infrastructures), mobility plans, ring roads, increasing safety at road junctions, soft traffic (cycle lanes, pedestrian tracks). It also includes actions providing for accessibility to common public transport services for certain target groups (the elderly, disabled persons) and providing distribution networks for alternative vehicle fuels.

- Podpora železniški infrastrukturi mora prav tako zagotoviti večji dostop. Železniške takse bi morale omogočiti dostop neodvisnim izvajalcem. Prav tako bi morale okrepiti gradnjo interoperabilnega omrežja v celotni EU. Usklajenost in uporaba interoperabilnosti ter prilagoditev Evropskega sistema za vodenje železniškega prometa na vlaku in na progah morajo biti del vseh financiranih projektov;

- In order to guarantee the optimum efficiency of transport infrastructures for promoting regional development, attention should be paid to improving the connectivity of landlocked territories to the Trans-European network (TEN-T) (see map in the annex). In this respect, the development of secondary links, with a focus on inter-modality and sustainable transport, should be promoted. In particular, harbours and airports should be connected to their hinterland.

- Pospeševanje okoljsko trajnostnih prometnih omrežij . To vključuje infrastrukturo javnega prometa (vključno z infrastrukturami, ki so namenjene sistemu parkiraj in se pelji), načrte mobilnosti, obvoznice, povečanje varnosti na cestnih križiščih, lahki promet (kolesarske steze, pločniki). Prav tako vključuje ukrepe, ki zagotavljajo dostopnost do skupnih storitev javnega prometa nekaterim ciljnim skupinam (starejši, invalidi) in ki zagotavljajo distribucijska omrežja za nadomestna goriva;

- More attention should be paid to developing the “ motorways of the sea” and to short-sea shipping as a viable alternative to long-distance road and rail transport.

- Da se zagotovi optimalna učinkovitost prometnih infrastruktur za spodbujanje regionalnega razvoja, je treba pozornost nameniti izboljšanju povezljivosti neobalnih območij z vseevropskim omrežjem (TEN-T) (glej zemljevid v Prilogi). V zvezi s tem je treba spodbujati razvoj sekundarnih povezav, s poudarkom na interoperabilnosti in trajnostnem prometu. Zlasti pristanišča in letališča morajo biti povezana z notranjostjo države;

Where Member States receive support from both the Cohesion Fund and the Structural Funds, a distinction should be made in the programmes between the types of actions funded by each of the Funds, with the Cohesion Fund playing the key role in support of Trans-European transport networks.

- Več pozornosti je treba nameniti razvoju „ pomorskih avtocest “ in pomorskemu prevozu na kratke razdalje, ki sta najprimernejši nadomestni možnosti za cestni in železniški promet.

In turn, the Structural Funds should generally focus on the development of infrastructure linked to measures to stimulate economic growth (such as tourism development, improvements to increase the attractiveness of industrial sites, etc.). With regard to road infrastructure, investments shall also fit the overall goal of road safety.

Kadar države članice prejemajo podporo iz Kohezijskega sklada in iz Strukturnih skladov, je treba razlikovati programe glede na vrsto dejavnosti, ki jo financira posamezni sklad, pri čemer ima Kohezijski sklad ključno vlogo pri podpori vseevropskim prometnim omrežjem.

Co-financing from the Cohesion Fund and the Structural Funds should be complementary to grants from the budget for Trans-European Networks. Member States will need to determine in advance the instrument most suited to the planned projects. Cohesion policy funding can be combined with the loan guarantee part of the TEN instruments.

Nasprotno pa se morata Strukturna sklada na splošno osredotočiti na razvoj infrastrukture, povezan z ukrepi, ki spodbujajo gospodarsko rast (na primer razvoj turizma, izboljšave za povečanje privlačnosti industrijskih območij itd.). V zvezi s cestno infrastrukturo morajo naložbe ustrezati tudi splošnemu cilju varnosti v cestnem prometu.

4.1.2. To strengthen the synergies between environmental protection and growth

Sofinanciranje iz Kohezijskega sklada in Strukturnih skladov morajo dopolnjevati nepovratna sredstva iz proračuna vseevropskih omrežij. Države članice bodo morale vnaprej določiti instrument, ki bo najbolj ustrezal načrtovanim projektom. Financiranje kohezijske politike se lahko združuje z garancijo za posojilo, ki je del instrumentov TEN.

Environmental investments can contribute to the economy in three ways: they can ensure the long-term sustainability of economic growth, they decrease external environmental costs to the economy (e.g. health costs, clean-up costs or damage recovery) and they stimulate innovation and job creation . Future cohesion programmes should seek to strengthen potential synergies between environmental protection and growth. The provision of environmental services such as waste and waste-water treatment infrastructures, management of natural resources, the decontamination of land to prepare it for new economic activities, and protection against certain environmental risks, should all have high priority in this context.

4.1.2. Krepitev sinergij med varstvom okolja in gospodarsko rastjo

In order to maximise economic benefits and minimise the costs, priority should be given to tackling environmental pollution at its sources. In the waste management sector, this implies focusing on waste prevention, recycling and biodegradation of waste which are cheaper and provide more jobs in comparison with landfill and incineration, the least favourable end-of-pipe solutions.

Okoljske naložbe lahko prispevajo h gospodarstvu na tri načine: lahko zagotovijo dolgoročno trajnost gospodarske rasti, zmanjšajo zunanje okoljske stroške za gospodarstvo (npr. stroške zdravstvenih storitev, stroške za čiščenje ali povračilo za škodo) ter pospešujejo inovacije in ustvarjanje delovnih mest. Prihodnji kohezijski programi morajo biti usmerjeni h krepitvi možnih sinergij med varstvom okolja in gospodarsko rastjo. Zagotavljanje okoljskih storitev, denimo infrastrukture za ravnanje z odpadki in odpadno vodo, upravljanje naravnih virov, dekontaminacija tal za pripravo na nove gospodarske dejavnosti ter zaščita pred nekaterimi okoljskimi tveganji, morajo pri tem imeti veliko prednost.

Development strategies should be based on a prior evaluation of needs and specific issues faced by regions, where possible using appropriate indicators. Efforts should be made to promote the internalisation of external environmental costs, with support for the setting up and development of market-based instruments (see, for example, instruments proposed in the Environmental Technologies Action Plan).

Da se povečajo gospodarske koristi in zmanjšajo stroški, je treba dati prednost reševanju težav v zvezi z onesnaževanjem okolja pri njihovem izvoru. V sektorju za ravnanje z odpadki to pomeni osredotočenje na preprečevanje odpadkov, reciklažo in biorazgradnjo odpadkov, kar je cenejše in zagotavlja več delovnih mest kot odlagališča in sežiganje odpadkov, ki so najmanj ugodne končne rešitve pri ravnanju z odpadki.

Accordingly, the recommended guidelines for action are the following:

Razvojne strategije morajo temeljiti na predhodnem vrednotenju potreb in posebnih težav, s katerimi se srečujejo regije, in pri tem uporabiti ustrezne kazalce. Prizadevati si je treba za internalizacijo zunanjih okoljskih stroškov in za podporo vzpostavitvi in razvoju tržno zasnovanih instrumentov (glej na primer instrumente, ki so predlagani v Akcijskem načrtu za okoljske tehnologije).

- Addressing the significant needs for investment in infrastructure , particularly in the Convergence regions, particularly in the new Member States, to comply with environmental legislation in the fields of water, waste, air, and nature and species protection.

Skladno s tem so priporočljive smernice za ukrepanje:

- Ensuring that attractive conditions exist for businesses and their highly-skilled staff . This can be ensured by promoting land-use planning which reduces urban sprawl, and by rehabilitating the physical environment, including natural and cultural assets. Investments in this area should be clearly linked to the development of innovative and job-creating businesses on the sites concerned.

- Obravnavanje bistvenih potreb za naložbe v infrastrukturo , zlasti v konvergenčnih regijah, zlasti v novih državah članicah, zaradi uskladitve z okoljsko zakonodajo na področjih voda, odpadkov, zraka in varovanja narave ter vrst;

- Promoting, in addition to the investments in sustainable energy and transport covered elsewhere, investments that contribute to the EU Kyoto commitments .

- Zagotavljanje privlačnih pogojev za gospodarstvo in njegovo visoko kvalificirano delovno silo . To se lahko zagotovi s pospeševanjem načrtovanja rabe zemljišč, ki zmanjšuje širjenje mestnih območij, in z obnavljanjem fizičnega okolja, vključno z naravnimi in kulturnimi dobrinami. Naložbe na tem področju morajo biti jasno povezane z razvojem inovativnih gospodarskih dejavnosti, ki ustvarjajo delovna mesta na zadevnih območjih;

- Undertaking risk prevention measures through improved management of natural resources, more targeted research and better use of ICTs, and more innovative public management policies (see map in annex).

- Pospeševanje naložb, ki prispevajo k obveznostim EU iz Kjotskega protokola, in naložb v trajnostni promet in energijo, ki so zajete drugje;

Where Member States receive support from both the Cohesion Fund and the Structural Funds, a distinction must be made in the programmes between the types of actions funded by each of the Funds. The Cohesion Fund should in general focus on infrastructure investments in water, waste and air pollution, while the Structural Funds should in general focus on the promotion of environmental management systems, on the dissemination of clean technologies in SMEs and the rehabilitation of contaminated sites.

- Izvajanje ukrepov za preprečevanje tveganja z izboljšanim upravljanjem naravnih virov, bolj ciljno zasnovanimi raziskavami in boljšo rabo IKT ter bolj inovativno politiko javnega upravljanja (glej zemljevid v Prilogi).

4.1.3. Address Europe’s intensive use of traditional energy sources

Kadar države članice prejemajo podporo iz Kohezijskega sklada in tudi iz Strukturnih skladov, je treba razlikovati programe glede na vrsto dejavnosti, ki jo financira posamezen sklad. Kohezijski sklad se mora na splošno osredotočiti na naložbe v infrastrukturo na področju voda, odpadkov in onesnaževanja zraka, medtem ko se morata Strukturna sklada na splošno osredotočiti na sisteme upravljanja z okoljem, razširjanje čistih tehnologij v MSP in obnovo onesnaženih območij.

A related priority is the need to reduce traditional energy dependency through improvements in energy efficiency and renewable energies. Investments in these fields contribute to security of energy supply for long-term growth, while acting as a source of innovation and providing opportunities for exports.

4.1.3. Obravnavanje intenzivne rabe tradicionalnih energetskih virov v Evropi

Investment in traditional sources of energy is also needed, so as to ensure security of supply. In particular, the Funds should concentrate – where there is evidence of market failure and where it does not go against the liberalisation of the market – on the completion of interconnections, with special emphasis on the Trans-European networks, the improvement of electricity grids and the completion and improvement of gas transmission and distribution networks.

Sorodna prednostna naloga je potreba po zmanjšanju odvisnosti od tradicionalne energije z izboljšavami energetske učinkovitosti in obnovljivih virov energije. Naložbe na teh področjih prispevajo k zanesljivosti oskrbe z energijo za dolgotrajno rast, pri čemer delujejo kot vir inovacij in zagotavljajo možnosti za izvoz.

Guidelines for action under this heading are the following:

Naložba v tradicionalne vire energije je prav tako potrebna za zagotavljanje zanesljivosti oskrbe. Skladi se morajo osredotočiti – kadar obstajajo dokazi za tržno nepopolnost in kadar to ni v nasprotju z liberalizacijo trga – zlasti v dokončanje medomrežnega povezovanja s posebnim poudarkom na vseevropskih omrežjih, izboljševanju elektroenergetskih omrežjih ter dokončanju in izboljšanju prenosnih in distribucijskih omrežij za zemeljski plin.

- Supporting projects to improve energy efficiency , and dissemination of low energy intensity development models.

Smernice za ukrepanje v tem poglavju so:

- Supporting the development of renewable and alternative technologies (wind, solar, biomass) which can give the EU a leading edge and thus strengthen its competitive position. Such investments also contribute to the Lisbon objective of ensuring that, by 2010, 21% of electricity is generated from renewable sources.

- Podpiranje projektov za izboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti in razširjanje razvojnih modelov nizke energetske intenzivnosti;

- Concentrating investment in traditional energy sources to develop the networks where there is evidence of market failure. These investments mostly concern the Convergence regions.

- Podpiranje razvoja obnovljivih in alternativnih tehnologij (veter, sonce, biomasa), ki lahko EU zagotovijo vrhunskost in tako okrepijo njen konkurenčni položaj. Takšne naložbe prav tako prispevajo k lizbonskemucilju glede pridobivanja 21 % električne energije iz obnovljivih virov do leta 2010;

4.2. GUIDELINE: Improving knowledge and innovation for growth

- Osredotočanje naložb v tradicionalne vire energije za razvoj omrežij , kadar obstaja dokaz o tržni nepopolnosti. Te naložbe najbolj zadevajo konvergenčne regije.

The Union’s aims of growth and job creation will require a structural shift in the economy towards knowledge-based activities. This calls for action on a number of fronts: to address low levels of Research and Technological Development (RTD), especially in the private sector; to promote innovation through new or improved products, processes and services which can withstand international competition; to increase regional capacity to generate and absorb new technologies (ICTs in particular); and to provide more support for risk-taking.

4.2. SMERNICA: Izboljšanje znanja in inovativnosti za rast

RTD expenditure as a percentage of GDP has been increasing, but only marginally and, at 1.9% of GDP, remains well short of the Lisbon target of 3%[15]. It is estimated that an increase in the share of RTD expenditure from 1.9% to 3% of GDP (in order to reach the Lisbon target by 2010) will result in an increase of 1.7% in the level of GDP by 2010[16]. While the shortfall in business investment in RTD remains significant, there are signs that public investment in this field is also coming under pressure. The RTD and innovation gap within and between countries, particularly in relation to business expenditure on RTD, is much bigger than the income gap. While a combination of national and Community initiatives have been undertaken, more action is needed to match business needs with RTD supply from public and private RTD institutions.

Cilji Unije v zvezi z rastjo in ustvarjanjem novih delovnih mest bodo zahtevali strukturen premik gospodarstva k dejavnostim, ki temeljijo na znanju. To zahteva ukrepe na številnih področjih delovanja: obravnavanje nizkih stopenj raziskav in tehnološkega razvoja, posebno v zasebnem sektorju; spodbujanje inovacij z novimi ali izboljšanimi izdelki, postopki in storitvami, ki so lahko kos mednarodni konkurenci; povečanje regionalne zmogljivosti za pripravo in prevzem novih tehnologij (zlasti IKT) in zagotavljanje večje podpore tveganju.

Europe’s innovation gap is widening: the European Innovation Scoreboard shows that Europe lags behind the US in 9 out of 11 Innovation indicators[17]. Also within Europe, the innovation gap persists, as the Union too often fails to transform technological development into commercial products and processes. Cohesion policy can help to address the main problems behind Europe’s underperformance in innovation, including ineffective innovation systems, insufficient entrepreneurial dynamism or slow business adoption of ICT.

Izdatki za RTR v odstotku BDP so se povečali, vendar zanemarljivo malo, in z 1,9 % BDP ostajajo veliko nižji od lizbonskega cilja 3 %[15]. Ocenjuje se, da bo povečanje deleža izdatkov za RTR z 1,9 % na 3 % BDP (da se lizbonski cilj doseže do leta 2010) dvignilo rast BDP za 1,7 % do leta 2010[16]. Medtem ko ostaja primanjkljaj poslovnih naložb v RTR še vedno znaten, znamenja kažejo, da je javno vlaganje na tem področju prav tako ogroženo. Razlike na področju RTR in inovacij po državah in med njimi, zlasti v zvezi s poslovnimi izdatki za RTR, so veliko večje kot razlike v prihodku. Povezovanje nacionalnih pobud in pobud Skupnosti se je sicer začelo, potrebni pa so ukrepi za usklajevanje poslovnih potreb in ponudbe RTR iz javnih in zasebnih ustanov na področju RTR.

In this context, it is necessary to enhance national and regional RTD capacities, to support investment in ICT infrastructure, and to disseminate technology and knowledge through appropriate technology transfer and knowledge exchange mechanisms. Better use of existing RTD potential could be encouraged by regional ‘foresight’ and other regional strategic planning methods, involving regular and systematic dialogue with key stakeholders. It is also important to enhance the RTD absorption capacity of firms, particularly SMEs, to encourage the creation and exploitation of a larger pool of high-quality research talent in Europe; to increase private and public investment in RTD and innovation; and to encourage RTD partnerships across the different regions of the Union.

Zaostanek Evrope na področju inovacij se veča: rezultati Evrope na področju inovacij kažejo, da Evropa zaostaja za ZDA v 9 od 11 inovacijskih kazalcev[17]. Tudi v Evropi se ohranja inovacijski zaostanek, saj Uniji prepogosto ne uspe spremeniti tehnološkega razvoja v tržne izdelke in postopke. Kohezijska politika lahko pomaga pri reševanju glavnih težav, ki so krive za neuspešnost Evrope na področju inovacij, denimo neučinkoviti inovacijski sistemi, nezadostna podjetniška dinamika ali počasen prevzem IKT v poslovnem sektorju.

While direct grants remain important, notably in Convergence regions, there is a need to focus on the provision of collective business and technology services to groups of firms, in order to help them improve their innovative activity. Direct grants to individual firms should be targeted at improving the RTD and innovation capacity of the firm, rather than at a temporary reduction of its production costs generating high deadweight effects. This is particularly important in traditional sectors, particularly those exposed to global competition which need additional efforts in order to remain competitive, as well as in SMEs which often represent the highest source of employment at the regional level. Most importantly, these policies need to be adapted to the particular conditions of each region, and in particular to the needs of SMEs. National and regional strategies must be based on a comprehensive analysis of RTD investment opportunities.

V zvezi s tem je treba okrepiti nacionalne in regionalne zmogljivosti RTR, podpreti naložbe v infrastrukturo IKT ter širiti tehnologijo in znanje s primernimi mehanizmi za prenos in izmenjavo tehnologije in znanja. Boljšo rabo obstoječega potenciala RTR bi lahko spodbudilo regionalno „predvidevanje“ in druge regionalne metode strateškega načrtovanja, vključno z rednim in sistematičnim dialogom s ključnimi interesnimi skupinami. Prav tako je pomembno povečati absorpcijsko sposobnost RTR v podjetjih, zlasti v MSP, spodbuditi večjo povezanost talenta za visokokakovostne raziskave ter njihovo izkoriščanje v Evropi; povečati zasebne in javne naložbe v RTR in inovacije in spodbuditi partnerstva RTR po različnih regijah Unije.

Knowledge and innovation are at the centre of the Union’s efforts to promote faster growth and more jobs. Two related framework programmes are proposed at Union level: the Seventh Framework programme for RTD and the Framework Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP). Synergy between cohesion policy and these instruments is vital and national and regional development strategies must show how this will be achieved. Cohesion policy can help all regions to build up research and innovation capacity, thus contributing to the effective participation of those regions in the European Research Area and research and innovation activities of the Union in general. In particular, it has two important roles to play. The first is in helping regions to implement regional innovation strategies and action plans which potentially can have a significant impact on competitiveness, both at regional level and in the Union as a whole; the second is in contributing to raising the research and innovation capacity in the region up to a level where it can participate in transnational projects for research.

Neposredna nepovratna sredstva so še vedno pomembna, predvsem v konvergenčnih regijah, treba pa se je osredotočiti na zagotavljanje sklopov poslovnih in tehnoloških storitev skupinam podjetij, da se jim pomaga izboljšati njihovo inovacijsko dejavnost. Neposredna nepovratna sredstva posameznim podjetjem je treba osredotočiti v izboljšanje RTR in inovacijsko zmogljivost podjetja, ne pa na začasno zmanjšanje njihovih proizvodnih stroškov, posledica česar je mrtvi kapital. To je še zlasti pomembno v tradicionalnih sektorjih, zlasti v tistih, ki so izpostavljeni globalni konkurenci in potrebujejo dodatna prizadevanja, da ostanejo konkurenčni, ter v MSP, ki so pogosto največji vir zaposlovanja na regionalni ravni. Najpomembnejše je, da se to politiko prilagodi posebnim pogojem vsake regije, in še zlasti potrebam MSP. Nacionalne in regionalne strategije morajo temeljiti na celoviti analizi možnosti vlaganja v RTR.

Regional strategies should thus concentrate on investing in RTD, innovation and entrepreneurship; ensuring that these investments respond to the economic development needs of the region and are transformed into product, process and service innovation; enhancing technology transfer and knowledge exchange; promoting the development, dissemination and uptake of ICTs within firms, and ensuring that enterprises willing to invest in high added value goods and services have access to finance.

Znanje in inovacije so v središču prizadevanj Unije za spodbujanje hitrejše rasti in odpiranja novih delovnih mest. Na ravni Unije sta predlagana dva sorodna okvirna programa: Sedmi okvirni program za RTR in Okvirni program za konkurenčnost in inovacije. Sinergija med kohezijsko politiko in temi instrumenti je bistvena, nacionalne in regionalne razvojne strategije pa morajo pokazati, kako bo to doseženo. Kohezijska politika lahko pomaga vsem regijam pri razvoju njihove inovacijske zmogljivosti, torej pripomore k učinkovitemu sodelovanju teh regij v Evropskem raziskovalnem prostoru ter pri dejavnostih raziskovanja in inovacij Unije na splošno. Ima zlasti dve pomembni vlogi. Prva je pomagati regijam pri izvajanju regionalnih inovacijskih strategij in akcijskih načrtov, ki lahko imajo pomemben vpliv na konkurenčnost na regionalni ravni in tudi na ravni Unije kot celote; druga je pomagati dvigniti raziskovalne in inovacijske zmogljivosti v regijah na stopnjo, na kateri lahko sodelujejo v transnacionalnih projektih za raziskave.

4.2.1. Increase and improve investment in RTD

Regionalne strategije se morajo zato osredotočiti na vlaganje v RTR, inovacije in podjetništvo; zagotoviti, da te naložbe ustrezajo gospodarskim razvojnim potrebam regije in se pretvorijo v inovacijo izdelkov, postopkov in storitev; povečati prenos tehnologije in izmenjavo znanja; pospeševati razvoj, širjenje in prevzem IKT v podjetjih in zagotoviti, da imajo podjetja, ki želijo vlagati v blago in storitve z visoko dodano vrednostjo, dostop do financ.

The competitiveness of European enterprises crucially depends on their ability to bring new knowledge to the market as quickly as possible. This ability is strengthened by public support for RTD, including support to companies where economic and market conditions justify it. In addition, issues of ownership of research results and the need to achieve critical mass in certain research sectors provide justification for government support for RTD.

4.2.1. Povečanje in izboljšanje naložb v RTR

The specific nature of RTD must be considered when implementing regional policy. In particular, RTD requires close interaction between the players to encourage the formation of poles of excellence which are needed to reach critical mass. Geographical proximity through the existence of clusters of SMEs and innovation poles around public research institutions for instance, must play a key role. As a result, RTD activities necessarily have to be spatially concentrated while the absorptive capacity of low RTD-intensive areas is fostered.

Konkurenčnost evropskih podjetij je zelo odvisna od njihove zmožnosti, da na trg čim hitreje prinesejo novo znanje. To zmožnost še krepi javna podpora RTR, vključno s podporo podjetjem, v katerih to upravičujejo gospodarski in tržni pogoji. Vprašanje lastništva rezultatov raziskav in potreba po doseganju kritične mase na nekaterih raziskovalnih področjih prav tako upravičujeta vladno podporo RTR.

RTD in the less developed Member States and regions should be developed around existing poles of excellence and avoid the excessive spatial dispersion of resources. Investments should also complement European priorities set out in the Seventh Framework Programme and support the objectives of the renewed Lisbon agenda. Priority should be given to the development of new and marketable products, services and skills.

Pri izvajanju regionalne politike je treba upoštevati posebno naravo RTR. RTR zahteva zlasti tesno medsebojno sodelovanje udeležencev, ki spodbuja nastanek polov odličnosti, potrebnih za nastanek kritične mase. Geografska bližina mora imeti ključno vlogo, na primer grozdi MSP in inovacijski poli v okolici javnih ustanov za raziskovanje. Zato je pri dejavnostih RTR nujna prostorska osredotočenost, pri tem pa je treba spodbujati absorpcijsko sposobnost območij z manj intenzivnimi dejavnostmi RTR.

Actions in RTD should be aligned with EU RTD policy and the needs of regions in question. In terms of method, these need be based on a sound analytical approach, such as foresight; as well as use of indicators, such as patents; human resources in RTD; location of private and public research institutions; and on the existence of clusters of innovative businesses.

Dejavnosti RTR v manj razvitih državah članicah in regijah se morajo razviti okoli obstoječih polov odličnosti in se morajo izogibati pretirani prostorski razpršenosti virov. Naložbe morajo tudi dopolnjevati evropske prednostne naloge, določene v Sedmem okvirnem programu, in podpirati cilje prenovljenega programa lizbonske strategije. Prednost je treba dati razvoju novih in tržnih izdelkov, storitev in znanj.

The guidelines for action in the field of RTD can be identified as follows:

Ukrepi v okviru RTR se morajo uskladiti s politiko EU na področju RTR in s potrebami zadevnih regij. Kar zadeva metodo, morajo temeljiti na razumnem analitskem pristopu, denimo na predvidevanju; uporabi kazalnikov, na primer patentov; človeških virih v RTR; lokacijah javnih in zasebnih raziskovalnih ustanov ter na grozdih inovativnih podjetij.

- Strengthening co-operation among businesses and between businesses and public research/higher education institutions by supporting the creation of regional and trans-regional clusters of excellence.

Smernice za ukrepanje na področju RTR so:

- Supporting RTD activities in SMEs and enabling SMEs to access RTD services in publicly-funded research institutions.

- Okrepitev sodelovanja med podjetji ter med podjetji in javnimi raziskovalnimi ustanovami/visokošolskimi ustanovami s podpiranjem oblikovanja regionalnih in nadregionalnih grozdov odličnosti;

- Support for regional cross-border and transnational initiatives aimed at strengthening research collaboration and capacity building in priority areas of EU research policy.

- Podpiranje dejavnosti RTR v MSP in omogočanje dostopa MSP do storitev RTR v raziskovalnih ustanovah, ki so javno financirane;

- Strengthen R&D capacity building, including ICT, research infrastructure and human capital in areas with significant growth potential.

- Podpiranje regionalnih čezmejnih in transnacionalnih pobud , ki so usmerjene v krepitev sodelovanja na področju raziskovanja in v povečanje zmogljivosti na prednostnih področjih raziskovalne politike EU;

In the regions eligible under the Convergence objective, programmes can contribute to developing RTD and education infrastructure (including regional high-speed data networks between and within research establishments), equipment and instrumentation in both publicly funded research institutions and businesses, provided that these investments are directly linked to regional economic development objectives. This may include research infrastructure for which the feasibility studies have been financed from earlier Framework Programmes. Support for Seventh Framework Programme priorities should seek to develop the full potential of emerging and existing centres of excellence and to step up investment in human capital, particularly by training researchers at national level and by creating conditions to attract researchers trained abroad.

- Krepitev povečanja zmogljivosti R&R, vključno z IKT, raziskovalno infrastrukturo in človeškim kapitalom na področjih z znatnim potencialom rasti.

4.2.2. Facilitate innovation and promote entrepreneurship

V regijah, ki so upravičene do pomoči v skladu s konvergenčnim ciljem, lahko programi prispevajo k razvoju RTR in izobraževalne infrastrukture (vključno z regionalnimi visokohitrostnimi podatkovnimi omrežji med raziskovalnimi ustanovami in v njih), opreme in instrumentacije v raziskovalnih ustanovah, ki so javno financirane, in v podjetjih, pod pogojem, da so te naložbe neposredno povezane s cilji regionalnega gospodarskega razvoja. To lahko vključuje raziskovalno infrastrukturo, za katero je bila študija izvedljivosti financirana iz zgodnejših okvirnih programov. Podpora za prednostne naloge Sedmega okvirnega programa mora biti usmerjena v razvoj vseh možnosti nastajajočih in obstoječih centrov odličnosti ter v pospeševanje vlaganja v človeški kapital, zlasti z usposabljanjem raziskovalcev na nacionalni ravni in ustvarjanjem pogojev za privabljanje raziskovalcev, ki se usposabljajo v tujini.

Innovation is the result of complex and interactive processes, including the ability of enterprises to connect to complementary knowledge from other market players, organisations and institutions.

4.2.2. Pospeševanje inovacij in spodbujanje podjetništva

Investments in innovation represent an overarching priority for cohesion policy throughout the Union. Their co-financing should be the main priority in the regions covered under the new Regional competitiveness and employment objective, where limited financial resources need to be concentrated so as to reach critical mass and generate a leverage effect.

Inovacije so posledica kompleksnih interaktivnih procesov, vključno z zmožnostjo podjetij, da se povežejo z dopolnilnim znanjem drugih udeležencev na trgu, organizacij in ustanov.

The main objective should be to promote a business climate which promotes the production, dissemination and use of new knowledge by firms. In order to create efficient regional innovation systems, economic, social and political actors need to be brought into contact with the leading edge of technology and business practice in the world, beyond the national or local levels. To this respect, co-operation should be also sought with the Innovation Relay centres and the Euro-Info-Centres which are financed under the CIP programme, especially in the field of trans-national technology and diffusion of information.

Naložbe v inovacije so glavna prednostna naloga kohezijske politike v celotni Uniji. Njihovo sofinanciranje mora biti glavna prednostna naloga v regijah, ki so zajete v novem cilju regionalne konkurenčnosti in zaposlovanja in v katerih je treba združiti omejena finančna sredstva, da se doseže kritična masa in nastane učinek vzvoda.

Start-up companies, particularly those linked to RTD, need to be supported with the aim of developing partnerships with research institutions based on a longer-term vision and clear market orientation. Cohesion policy should seek to compensate for market failure that hampers innovation and entrepreneurship. Actions should seek to build on existing poles of activity in order to exploit regional potential for RTD and to foster networking and technological cooperation within and between regions.

Glavni cilj mora biti spodbujanje poslovnega ozračja, ki pospešuje pridobivanje, razširjanje in uporabo novega znanja v podjetjih. Da se ustvarijo učinkoviti regionalni inovacijski sistemi, morajo biti gospodarski, socialni in politični udeleženci v stiku z vrhunsko svetovno tehnološko in poslovno prakso, ki presega državno ali lokalno raven. V zvezi s tem si je treba prizadevati za sodelovanje z inovacijskimi relejnimi centri in Euro Info Centri, ki so financirani iz Programa za konkurenčnost in inovativnost, posebno na področju transnacionalne tehnologije in širjenja informacij.

Public authorities should ensure that research institutions, the private sector and the public sector exploit to the full the potential synergies between them.

Podpreti je treba novoustanovljena podjetja, zlasti tista, ki so povezana z RTR, da se razvijejo partnerstva z raziskovalnimi ustanovami, ki temeljijo na dolgoročni viziji in jasni tržni usmeritvi. Kohezijska politika mora zagotoviti nadomestilo za tržno nepopolnost, ki ovira inovacije in podjetništvo. Ukrepi morajo temeljiti na obstoječih polih dejavnosti, da se izkoristijo regionalne možnosti za RTR ter pospešita povezovanje v omrežja in tehnološko sodelovanje znotraj regij in med njimi.

In terms of method, economic development strategies could be informed by the collection of data on existing innovative activities in the regions concerned, for example, on private patenting or on the nature, scope and development potential of existing clusters of innovative activities, including those which involve both private and public research institutions. The Community Innovation Surveys and the European Innovation Scoreboard are also helpful in this regard.

Javni organi morajo zagotoviti, da raziskovalne ustanove, zasebni sektor in javni sektor v celoti izkoristijo morebitne sinergije med njimi.

The guidelines for action under this heading are the following:

Kar zadeva metodo, bi si gospodarske razvojne strategije lahko pomagale z zbiranjem podatkov o obstoječih dejavnostih na področju inovacij v zadevnih regijah, na primer o zasebnem patentiranju ali o naravi, obsegu in razvojnih možnostih obstoječih grozdov na področju inovacij, vključno s tistimi, ki obsegajo zasebne in javne raziskovalne ustanove. Pri tem prav tako pomagajo ankete Skupnosti o inovacijah in rezultati Evrope na področju inovacij.

- Making regional RTD innovation and education supply more efficient and accessible to firms, in particular SMEs, for example by establishing poles of excellence, bringing together high technology SMEs around research and technological institutions, or by developing and creating regional clusters around large companies.

Smernice za ukrepanje v tem poglavju so:

- Providing business support services to enable enterprises, and in particular SMEs, to increase competitiveness and to internationalise, in particular by seizing the opportunities created by the Internal Market. Business services should prioritise the exploitation of synergies (e.g. technology transfer, science parks, ICT communication centres, incubators and related services, co-operation with clusters) and give more traditional support in the areas of management, marketing, technical support, recruitment, and other professional and commercial services.

- Povečanje učinkovitosti in dostopnosti regionalnih inovacij in izobraževanja na področju RTR podjetjem, zlasti MSP, na primer z ustanavljanjem polov odličnosti , ki združujejo visokotehnološke MSP okoli raziskovalnih in tehnoloških ustanov, ali z oblikovanjem in ustvarjanjem regionalnih grozdov okoli velikih podjetij;

- Ensuring full exploitation of European strengths in the area of eco-innovations . Eco-innovations should be promoted, together with the improvement of SME practices through the introduction of environmental management systems. By investing in this area now, EU businesses will be in a strong position in the near future when other regions appreciate the necessity of such technologies. This is an area with a clear link to the Framework Programme for Competitiveness and Innovation.

- Zagotavljanje poslovnih podpornih storitev , ki pomagajo podjetjem, zlasti MSP, povečati konkurenčnost in se internacionalizirati, zlasti z izkoriščanjem možnosti, ki jih ustvarja notranji trg. Poslovne storitve morajo dati prednost izkoriščanju sinergij (npr. prenos tehnologije, znanstveni parki, centri informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije, inkubatorji in sorodne storitve, sodelovanje z grozdi) in zagotoviti več tradicionalne podpore na področju vodenja, trženja, tehnične podpore, zaposlovanja ter drugih strokovnih in komercialnih storitev;

- Promoting entrepreneurship, facilitating the creation and development of new firms, and promoting spin-out and spin-off companies from research institutions or firms using a variety of techniques (for example, awareness raising; prototyping; tutoring and the provision of managerial and technological support to entrepreneurs-to-be).

- Zagotavljanje polnega izkoriščanja evropske prednosti na področju ekoinovacij . Ekoinovacije in izboljšanje praks MSP je treba spodbujati z uvedbo sistemov upravljanja okolja. Zdajšnje vlaganje v ta področja bo podjetjem EU prineslo trden položaj v bližnji prihodnosti, ko bodo ostale regije doumele nujnost teh tehnologij. To področje je jasno povezano z Okvirnim programom za konkurenčnost in inovacije;

It is important to ensure that companies, including SMEs, can make commercial use of research results.

- Spodbujanje podjetništva , pospeševanje ustanavljanja in razvoja novih podjetij ter spodbujanje nastanka podjetniških poganjkov, ki uporabljajo tehnologijo raziskovalnih ustanov ali podjetij, in sicer z različnimi tehnikami (na primer dviganje ozaveščenosti, izdelava prototipov, mentorstvo in zagotavljanje tehnične in vodstvene podpore prihodnjim podjetnikom).

Business services should preferably be delivered by the private sector or by mixed public-private organisations. The services should be top-class, readily available, easy to access and responsive to the needs of SMEs. The quality of the services should be defined and monitored and there should be coherence between service providers, e.g. by establishing public-private partnerships and one-stop shops.

Pomembno je zagotoviti, da lahko podjetja, vključno z MSP, uporabijo rezultate raziskav v komercialne namene.

Administrative procedures are often too complex. Information and initial support should be available from a network of one-stop shops, which could provide the interface between the public sector and the grant applicant; this should include the various actions cofinanced by Cohesion Policy. These providers should have competence for the full range of state aids - independently of national or regional responsibilities - and targets for the efficiency of their operation which are monitored regularly.

Če je le mogoče, naj bi poslovne storitve opravljal zasebni sektor ali mešane javno-zasebne organizacije. Storitve morajo biti vrhunske, takoj na voljo, zlahka dostopne in morajo ustrezati potrebam MSP. Kakovost storitev je treba opredeliti in spremljati, prav tako je potrebna skladnost med ponudniki storitev, npr. z vzpostavitvijo javno-zasebnega partnerstva in sistema „vse na enem mestu“.

Whenever the circumstances are appropriate, tailored support should be made available to specific categories of business (e.g. start-ups or recently transferred companies) or entrepreneurs (e.g. young people, women, older workers or those from ethnic minority communities). Entrepreneurship education should also be encouraged in schools.

Upravni postopki so pogosto preveč zapleteni. Informacije in začetno podporo mora dati mreža sistemov „vse na enem mestu“, ki bi lahko bila vmesnik med javnim sektorjem in prosilcem za nepovratna sredstva; sem sodijo različni ukrepi, ki jih sofinancira kohezijska politika. Ti ponudniki morajo biti pristojni za celoten obseg državnih pomoči – neodvisno od nacionalnih in regionalnih odgovornosti – in imeti ciljno zastavljeno delovanje, katerega učinkovitost se redno spremlja.

4.2.3. Promote the information society for all

Kadar koli so okoliščine primerne, mora biti na voljo prilagojena podpora za posebne skupine podjetij (npr. za novoustanovljena ali nedavno prenesena podjetja) ali podjetnikov (npr. mladi ljudje, ženske, starejši delavci ali pripadniki etničnih manjšin). Prav tako je treba v šolah spodbujati podjetniško izobraževanje.

The dissemination of ICT across the Union’s economy represents a major lever for improving both productivity levels and the competitiveness of regions. The dissemination of ICT also encourages the re-organisation of production methods and the emergence of new business and private services. The efficient and effective delivery of public services - in particular e-government and e-health – has a significant potential for economic growth and for enabling new services. Technology dissemination can contribute to regional development by favouring the creation and growth of poles of excellence in ICT activities and developing connectivity and networking among enterprises and SMEs in particular. Measures should encourage the development of products and services with a view to facilitating and stimulating private investment in ICT while guaranteeing competition in the ICT sector.

4.2.3. Uveljavljanje informacijske družbe za vse

Policy measures should therefore focus on improving innovation support services for SMEs with the particular objective of boosting technology transfer between research institutions and enterprises. Cohesion policy should also be used to develop skills needed in the knowledge economy and to develop content through the delivery of applications and services (such as e-government, e-business, e-learning, e-health), which provide interesting alternatives to other, often more costly, service delivery models. This is particularly relevant for remote and sparsely-populated areas. Clearly the use and development of products and content-based services can only work if the appropriate infrastructure is available and capable of supporting broadband services. It is therefore important that an appropriate broadband communication infrastructure is available across the Union at an accessible cost.

Razširjanje znanj s področja informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije v gospodarstvu Unije je glaven vzvod za izboljšanje stopnje produktivnosti in konkurenčnosti regij. Razširjanje RTR prav tako spodbuja reorganizacijo proizvodnih metod ter nastanek novih podjetij in zasebnih storitev. Uspešno in učinkovito zagotavljanje javnih storitev – zlasti e-uprave in e-zdravstvenih storitev – ima pomemben potencial za gospodarsko rast in razvijanje novih storitev. Širjenje tehnologije lahko prispeva k regionalnemu razvoju, saj podpira ustanavljanje in rast polov odličnosti na področju dejavnosti IKT in razvijanje povezljivosti in povezovanja v omrežja med podjetji in zlasti med MSP. Ukrepi morajo spodbuditi razvoj izdelkov in storitev, da se omogočijo in pospešijo zasebna vlaganja v IKT, pri tem pa se zagotovi konkurenca v sektorju IKT.

As a general rule, investment in ICT infrastructure should take into account rapid technological development, respect for the principles of technological neutrality and open access. Compliance with competition rules and with the implementation of the regulatory framework for electronic communications is essential.

Ukrepi politike se morajo zato osredotočiti v izboljšanje storitev za podporo inovacijam v MSP s posebnim ciljem, da se pospeši prenos tehnologij med raziskovalnimi ustanovami in podjetji. Kohezijsko politiko je prav tako treba uporabiti za razvoj strokovnega znanja, potrebnega v ekonomiji znanja, in za razvoj vsebin z zagotavljanjem programov in storitev (kot so e-uprava, e-poslovanje, e-učenje, e-zdravstvene storitve), ki so zanimiva nadomestna možnost drugim, običajno dražjim, vzorcem zagotavljanja storitev. To je zlasti primerno za oddaljena in redko poseljena območja. Uporaba ter razvoj vsebinskih izdelkov in storitev se lahko obneseta le, če je na voljo primerna infrastruktura, ki podpira širokopasovne storitve. Zato je pomembno, da je primerna širokopasovna komunikacijska infrastruktura na voljo v celotni Uniji po dostopni ceni.

Actions need to be based on context indicators related to the existing economic structure (including industrial specialisation; level of economic development; quality of connectivity to ICTs and potential synergies between regional poles of economic activity). The identification of regional needs should take into account existing Union initiatives in favour of ICTs, in particular the i2010 – a European Information Society for growth and employment[18].

Praviloma morajo naložbe v infrastrukturo IKT upoštevati hiter tehnološki razvoj, spoštovanje načel tehnološke nevtralnosti in odprt dostop. Pomembna je skladnost s pravili konkurence in izvajanjem regulativnega okvira za elektronske komunikacije.

Given that ICTs cut across all sectors of economy and society, it is imperative that Member States and regions develop compatible information society strategies which ensure coherence and integration among sectors, by balancing supply and demand measures on the basis of local requirements, stakeholders’ participation, and strong public political support.

Ukrepi morajo temeljiti na kazalnikih konteksta, povezanih z obstoječo gospodarsko strukturo (vključno z industrijsko specializacijo, stopnjo gospodarskega razvoja, kakovostjo povezljivosti z IKT in možnimi sinergijami med regionalnimi poli gospodarske dejavnosti). Pri opredelitvi regionalnih potreb je treba upoštevati obstoječe pobude Unije za IKT, zlasti pobudo i2010 – Evropska informacijska družba za rast in zaposlovanje[18].

The guidelines for action are as follow:

Glede na to, da so IKT prisotne v vseh sektorjih gospodarstva in družbe, je nujno, da države članice in regije razvijejo združljive strategije informacijske družbe, ki zagotavljajo skladnost in povezovanje med sektorji z izenačitvijo ukrepov ponudbe in povpraševanja na podlagi lokalnih zahtev, udeležbe interesnih skupin ter močne javne in politične podpore.

- Ensuring uptake of ICTs by firms and households and promoting development through the balanced support for the supply and demand of ICT products and both public and private services , as well as through increased investment in human capital. These actions should increase productivity, promote an open and competitive digital economy and an inclusive society (for example, improving accessibility for disabled and elderly people), and thus boost growth and jobs.

Smernice za ukrepanje so:

- Ensuring availability of ICT infrastructure where the market fails to provide it at an affordable cost and to an adequate level to support the required services, especially in remote and rural areas and in new Member States.

- Zagotavljanje, da podjetja in gospodinjstva prevzemajo IKT, in pospeševanje razvoja z uravnoteženo podporo ponudbi in povpraševanju pri izdelkih ter javnih in zasebnih storitvah IKT ter z okrepljenim vlaganjem v človeški kapital. Ti ukrepi morajo povečati produktivnost, pospešiti odprto in konkurenčno digitalno gospodarstvo ter socialno vključenost (na primer izboljšati dostopnost za invalidne in starejše osebe) in tako spodbuditi rast in nastanek novih delovnih mest;

4.2.4. Improve access to finance

- Zagotavljanje dostopnosti infrastrukture IKT , kadar je trg ne ponuja po dostopni ceni in na ustrezni ravni, da se podprejo potrebne storitve, posebno na oddaljenih in podeželskih območjih novih držav članic.

Another key ingredient for the promotion of knowledge and innovation is to facilitate access to finance. For the purpose of fostering growth and job creation, it must once again be made more rewarding for entrepreneurs and enterprises to invest in the development and production of goods and services than to focus efforts, for example, on rent-seeking activities.

4.2.4. Izboljšanje dostopa do finančnih sredstev

Access to finance in this context is often difficult, thus creating an obstacle to growth and job-creation. Improving access to capital both for RTD activities and for start-ups is important. risk capital markets related to innovation activities need to be developed in conjunction with a better regulatory environment that makes entrepreneurship easier.

Druga ključna sestavina za spodbujanje znanja in inovacij je olajšanje dostopa do finančnih sredstev. Za pospeševanje rasti in ustvarjanja novih delovnih mest je treba podjetnikom in podjetjem ponovno dati občutek, da se jim vlaganje v razvoj in proizvodnjo blaga in storitev splača bolj kot najemanje.

These programmes could be undertaken in close cooperation with the European Investment Fund (EIF) in order to develop financial resources in areas where entrepreneurship is hampered by market failures owing to the high risks associated with RTD activities. Due account must also be taken of the impact of government support for business creation, in order to avoid the crowding-out of private investment and measures that are damaging to competition.

Dostop do finančnih sredstev v tej zvezi je pogosto težaven, zato ovira rast in ustvarjanje delovnih mest. Pomembno je izboljšati dostop do kapitala za dejavnosti RTR in novoustanovljena podjetja. Treba je razviti trge tveganega kapitala, povezane z inovacijskimi dejavnostmi, in izboljšati regulativno okolje, ki ugodno vpliva na podjetništvo.

Private equity and venture capital, and rotating funds for innovative start-ups should play the essential role as an engine for entrepreneurship, innovation and job creation; public sector institutions are not always best suited to risk-taking. The priority should be to create or expand specialised providers of risk capital and bank guarantees, where there is market failure. Typically, they will be more effective if they provide an integrated package of support, starting with training prior to the business start-up or expansion.

Ti programi bi se lahko izvedli v tesnem sodelovanju z Evropskim investicijskim skladom (EIS), da bi se zagotovila finančna sredstva na področjih, kjer podjetništvo ovira tržna nepopolnost zaradi visokega tveganja, povezanega z dejavnostmi RTR. Ustrezno je treba upoštevati tudi učinek vladne podpore ustanavljanju podjetij, da se preprečijo izrinjanje zasebnega vlaganja in ukrepi, ki škodijo konkurenci.

Based on these principles, the guidelines for action are:

Zasebni lastniški in tvegani kapital ter menjavajoči se skladi za inovativna novoustanovljena podjetja morajo imeti ključno vlogo motorja na področju podjetništva, inovacij in ustvarjanja delovnih mest; ustanove javnega sektorja pa niso vedno najprimernejše za tveganje. Prednostno bi bilo treba ustanoviti ali razširiti obseg posebnih ponudnikov tveganega kapitala in bančnih garancij, kadar se pojavi tržna nepopolnost. Običajno bo njihova učinkovitost večja, če bodo ponudili integriran sveženj podpore in začeli usposabljanje še pred ustanovitvijo ali širitvijo podjetja.

- Supporting non-grant instruments such as loans, secured debt financing for subordinate debt, convertible instruments (mezzanine debt) and risk capital (e.g. seed capital and venture capital). Grants should be used to build and maintain infrastructures that facilitate access to finance (e.g. technology transfer offices, incubators, “business angels” networks, investment readiness programmes). Guarantee and mutual guarantee mechanisms should also be supported, in particular to facilitate access to micro-credit by SMEs. The EIB and the EIF could provide valuable input in this regard.

Smernice za ukrepanje, temelječe na teh načelih, so:

- Outreaching to specific groups , such as young or female entrepreneurs or those from disadvantaged groups, including ethnic minorities.

- Podpiranje instrumentov povratnih sredstev , kot so posojila, zavarovano kreditiranje za podrejeni dolg, zamenljivi instrumenti (dolžniško-lastniški dolg) in tvegani kapital (npr. semenski kapital in tvegani kapital). Nepovratna sredstva je treba uporabiti za gradnjo in ohranjanje infrastruktur, ki olajšajo dostop do finančnih sredstev (npr. uradi za prenos tehnologije, inkubatorji, mreže „poslovnih angelov“, programi za spodbujanje naložb). Prav tako je treba podpirati mehanizme garancij in vzajemnih garancij, zlasti za olajšanje dostopa do mikrokreditov za MSP. V zvezi s tem bi lahko bila EIB in EIS dragocena pomoč;

It is particularly important to work closely with the EIF in view of the expertise it has developed over a number of years, in order to give SMEs the required support, while developing the European risk capital market at the same time.

- Pokrivanje posebnih skupin , kot so mladi podjetniki ali podjetnice ali pripadniki zapostavljenih skupin, vključno z etničnimi manjšinami.

4.3. GUIDELINE : More and better jobs

Tesno sodelovanje z EIS je zlasti pomembno zaradi strokovnega znanja in izkušenj, ki jih je razvijal mnogo let, da bi MSP dobila potrebno podporo, hkrati pa je razvijal tudi evropski trg tveganega kapitala.

In relaunching the Lisbon strategy, the European Council endorsed a single set of Guidelines bringing together the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines and the Guidelines of the European Employment Strategy[19], thereby integrating macro-economic, micro-economic and employment policies for growth and jobs. In accordance with the draft Fund regulations[20], in the sphere of employment and human resources the priorities of the Community Strategic Guidelines on cohesion shall be those of the European Employment Strategy[21]. In addition, the EU Employment Recommendations highlight country-specific challenges and priorities.

4.3. SMERNICA: Nova in boljša delovna mesta

The drive for full employment and higher productivity depends on a wide variety of actions, including those already discussed above. Investment in infrastructure, business development and research improve job opportunities, both in the short run as a result of first round effects and in the longer run as a result of their positive effect on competitiveness. To maximise employment from these investments, human capital must be further developed and enhanced.

S ponovnim zagonom lizbonske strategije je Evropski svet odobril en sam sklop smernic, ki združuje širše smernice ekonomske politike in smernice evropske strategije zaposlovanja[19] in tako zajame makroekonomsko politiko, mikroekonomsko politiko in politiko zaposlovanja za ustvarjanje rasti in delovnih mest. V skladu z osnutkom uredbe o Skladih[20] so na področju zaposlovanja in človeških virov prednostne naloge strateških smernic Skupnosti o koheziji enake prednostnim nalogam evropske strategije zaposlovanja[21]. Poleg tega priporočila o zaposlovanju izpostavljajo izzive in prednostne naloge posameznih držav.

In terms of human capital development, the Employment Guidelines highlight three priorities for action for Member States' policies:

Prizadevanje za polno zaposlitev in večjo produktivnost je odvisno od številnih različnih ukrepov, vključno z že zgoraj navedenimi. Naložbe v infrastrukturo, razvoj poslovnega sektorja in raziskave izboljšujejo zaposlitvene priložnosti, kratkoročno kot posledica prvega vala učinka, dolgoročno pa kot posledica svojega pozitivnega vpliva na konkurenčnost. Da bi bil izkoristek zaposlovanja iz teh naložb kar največji, je treba še razviti in okrepiti človeški kapital.

- attract and retain more people in employment and modernise social protection systems;

V zvezi z razvojem človeškega kapitala izpostavljajo smernice za zaposlovanje tri prednostne naloge pri ukrepih držav članic:

- improve adaptability of workers and enterprises and the flexibility of the labour markets;

- privabiti več ljudi v zaposlitev in jih obdržati v zaposlitvi ter posodobiti sisteme socialne zaščite;

- increase investment in human capital through better education and skills.

- izboljšati prilagodljivost delavcev in podjetij ter prožnost trgov dela;

In line with these priorities, appropriate attention should be given to investments to improve efficiency in public administration, as well as to education and health infrastructures.

- izboljšati naložbe v človeški kapital z boljšo izobrazbo in strokovnim znanjem.

Cohesion policy should focus on addressing the specific challenges of the European Employment Strategy in each Member State, by supporting actions under the convergence and the regional competitiveness and employment objectives. The range of eligible actions and financial resources is greater for the former objective. For the latter, EU resources will need to be much more focused to achieve a significant impact.

V skladu s temi prednostnimi nalogami je treba ustrezno pozornost nameniti naložbam za izboljšanje učinkovitosti v javni upravi ter šolstvu in zdravstvu.

Employment and human resource development programmes should take into account the country-specific challenges and priorities, as highlighted in the Employment Recommendations, and can be managed at national or regional level. In order to effectively address regional disparities, national programmes should have a regional dimension, if no specific regional programmes are in place.

Kohezijska politika se mora osredotočiti na reševanje posebnih izzivov evropske strategije zaposlovanja v posamezni državi članici s podpiranjem ukrepov v okviru konvergenčnega cilja in cilja regionalne konkurenčnosti ter zaposlovanja. Obseg ukrepov, upravičenih do finančnih sredstev, in finančnih virov je pri prvem cilju večji. Za uresničitev drugega bodo morala biti sredstva EU bolj osredotočena, da bodo dosegla bistven učinek.

4.3.1. Attract and retain more people in employment and modernise social protection systems

Programi za zaposlovanje in za razvoj človeških virov morajo upoštevati izzive in prednostne naloge posameznih držav, kot je izpostavljeno v priporočilih za zaposlovanje, in se lahko vodijo na državni ali regionalni ravni. Da bi učinkovito reševali regionalna neskladja, morajo državni programi zajeti regionalno raven, če niso sprejeti posebni regionalni programi.

Widening the base of economic activity, raising employment levels and reducing unemployment are vital to sustain economic growth, promote socially inclusive societies and combat poverty. Increasing participation in employment is all the more necessary because of the expected decline in the working age population. In the framework of the Employment Guidelines, Member States are called upon to:

4.3.1. Privabiti več ljudi v zaposlitev in jih obdržati v zaposlitvi ter posodobiti sisteme socialne zaščite

- Implement employment policies aimed at achieving full employment, improving quality and productivity at work, and strengthening social and territorial cohesion

Širitev osnove gospodarske dejavnosti, dvig ravni zaposlovanja in zmanjševanje brezposelnosti so bistvenega pomena za trajno gospodarsko rast, uveljavitev družbe socialne vključenosti in boj proti revščini. Večja udeleženost v zaposlitvi je vse bolj nujna zaradi pričakovanega upada aktivnega prebivalstva. V okviru smernic za zaposlovanje so države članice pozvane, da:

- Promote a life-cycle approach to work

- Izvajajo politiko zaposlovanja, usmerjeno k doseganju polne zaposlenosti, izboljšanju kakovosti in produktivnosti pri delu ter krepitvi socialne in ozemeljske kohezije;

- Ensure inclusive labour markets, enhance work attractiveness, and make work pay for job-seekers, including disadvantaged people, and the inactive.

- Spodbujajo pristop k zaposlovanju po življenjskih obdobjih;

- Improve matching of labour market needs.

- Zagotavljajo vključujoče trge dela, izboljšajo privlačnost dela in omogočijo, da se iskalcem zaposlitve delo izplača, tudi prikrajšanim in nedejavnim osebam;

Actions must be based on prior identification of needs by, for instance, using relevant national and/or regional indicators such as unemployment and participation rates, long-term unemployment rates, population at risk of poverty rates and level of income.

- Izboljšajo ujemanje s potrebami trga dela.

The presence of efficient and effective labour market institutions, notably employment services that can respond to the challenges of rapid economic and social restructuring and demographic ageing is essential in order to support service delivery to job seekers, the unemployed and disadvantaged people and could be supported by the Structural Funds. These institutions have a pivotal role to play in implementing Active Labour Market Policies and providing services on a personalised basis with a view to promoting occupational and geographical mobility and matching labour supply and demand, including at local level. They should help to anticipate shortages and bottlenecks in the labour market and occupational and skills requirements. Positive management of economic migration would also be assisted as a result. Easy access to and transparency of the services on offer are crucial. The EURES network is central to increasing occupational and geographic mobility, both at European level and nationally.

Ukrepi morajo temeljiti na predhodnem prepoznavanju potreb z uporabo, na primer, ustreznih državnih in/ali regionalnih kazalnikov, kot so stopnja brezposelnosti in udeleženosti v zaposlitvi, dolgoročne stopnje brezposelnosti, stopnja prebivalstva, ki živi na pragu revščine in raven dohodka.

An important priority should be to strengthen active and preventive labour market measures to overcome obstacles to entering or remaining in the labour market and to promote mobility for job seekers, the unemployed and inactive, older workers as well as those at risk of becoming unemployed. Action should focus on the provision of personalised services, including job search assistance, training and job placement. The potential for self-employment and business creation, ICT skills and digital literacy should be fully taken into account. Special attention should be paid to:

Uspešne in učinkovite institucije trga dela, predvsem zavodi za zaposlovanje, ki se lahko odzovejo na izzive hitrega gospodarskega in družbenega prestrukturiranja in demografskega staranja, so bistvenega pomena pri zagotavljanju storitev iskalcem zaposlitve, brezposelnim in prikrajšanim osebam in bi lahko dobile podporo Strukturnih skladov. Te institucije imajo ključno vlogo pri izvajanju aktivne politike trga dela in zagotavljanju storitev po potrebah posameznika, da tako spodbudijo geografsko in poklicno mobilnost ter ujemanje med ponudbo in povpraševanjem, vključno na lokalni ravni. Pomagati morajo predvideti pomanjkanja in ozka grla na trgu dela ter potrebe po poklicih in strokovnem znanju. Posledično bodo pomagale tudi pri pozitivnem upravljanju ekonomske migracije. Lahka dostopnost in preglednost storitev, ki so na voljo, sta bistvenega pomena. Omrežje EURES je ključnega pomena za večanje poklicne in geografske mobilnosti na nacionalni in evropski ravni.

- implementing the European Youth Pact , by facilitating access to employment for young people, by easing the transition from education to work, including through career guidance, assistance in completing education, access to appropriate training and apprenticeships;

Pomembna prednostna naloga mora biti krepitev aktivnih in preventivnih ukrepov trga dela, da se odpravijo ovire za vstop na trg dela ali obstoj na njem in se spodbudi mobilnost iskalcev zaposlitve, brezposelnih in neaktivnih, starejših delavcev in tudi tistih, pri katerih obstaja tveganje brezposelnosti. Ukrepanje se mora osredotočiti na zagotavljanje storitev po potrebah posameznika, vključno s pomočjo pri iskanju zaposlitve, usposabljanjem in pipravništvom. V celoti je treba upoštevati možnosti samozaposlitve in ustanovitve podjetja, poznavanje IKT in računalniško pismenost. Posebno pozornost je treba nameniti:

- specific action to increase women’s participation in employment, to reduce occupational segregation and address gender pay gaps and gender stereotyping and to promote more family-friendly working environments, and the reconciliation of professional and private life. Facilitating access to childcare and care services for dependent persons is crucial, alongside gender mainstreaming in policies and measures, awareness-raising and dialogue among stakeholders;

- izvajanju Evropskega pakta za mlade, tako da se mladim omogoči lažji dostop do zaposlitve, lažji prehod od izobraževanja k delu, vključno s poklicnim svetovanjem, pomočjo pri zaključevanju šolanja, dostopom do ustreznega usposabljanja in pripravništva;

- specific action to strengthen access of migrants to the labour market and facilitate their social integration, through training and validation of competences acquired abroad, personalised guidance, language training, appropriate support for entrepreneurship and awareness raising among employers and migrant workers about their rights and obligations, and strengthening the enforcement of anti-discrimination rules.

- posebnim ukrepom za večjo udeleženost žensk v zaposlitvi, za zmanjševanje poklicnega razlikovanja, za odpravljanje razlik v plačah med spoloma in spolnih stereotipov, zagotavljanje družinam prijaznega delovnega okolja ter usklajevanje poklicnega in zasebnega življenja. Bistvenega pomena je lažji dostop do otroškega varstva in skrbstvenih storitev za vzdrževane osebe, prav tako uveljavljanje enakosti med spoloma v politiki in pri ukrepih, ozaveščanje in dialog med interesnimi skupinami;

Another important priority should be to ensure inclusive labour markets for people at a disadvantage or at risk of social exclusion, such as early school-leavers, the long-term unemployed, minorities and people with disabilities. This calls for an even broader range of support to build pathways to integration and combat discrimination. The aim should be to:

- posebnim ukrepom za krepitev dostopa migrantov do trga dela in za njihovo lažjo vključitev v družbo, in sicer z usposabljanjem in validacijo usposobljenosti, pridobljene v tujini, individualnim svetovanjem, jezikovnim izobraževanjem, ustrezno podporo podjetništvu ter z ozaveščanjem delodajalcev in delavcev migrantov glede njihovih pravic in dolžnosti ter strožjim izvajanjem protidiskriminacijskih pravil.

- improve their employability by enhancing participation in vocational education and training, rehabilitation and appropriate incentives and working arrangements, as well as the necessary social support and care services, including through the development of the social economy;

Naslednja prednostna naloga bi morala biti zagotavljanje vključujočih trgov dela za prikrajšane ljudi ali ljudi na robu socialne izključenosti, denimo mladi, ki predčasno opustijo šolanje, dolgotrajno brezposelne osebe, pripadnike manjšin in invalidne osebe. Tu je potrebna še obsežnejša podpora vzpostavljanju vključevanja in boju proti diskriminaciji. Cilj mora biti:

- combat discrimination and promote the acceptance of diversity in the workplace through diversity training and awareness-raising campaigns, in which local communities and enterprises would be fully involved.

- izboljšanje njihove zaposljivosti z večjo udeležbo v poklicnem izobraževanju in usposabljanju, z rehabilitacijo, ustreznimi spodbudami in delovno ureditvijo, potrebno socialno podporo in skrbstvenimi storitvami, vključno z razvijanjem socialne ekonomije;

4.3.2. Improve adaptability of workers and enterprises and the flexibility of the labour market

- boj proti diskriminaciji in spodbujanje sprejemanja različnosti na delovnem mestu z usposabljanjem in kampanjami za dvig ozaveščenosti glede različnosti, v katerih bodo lokalne skupnosti in podjetja v celoti sodelovali.

In the light of increasing pressures from globalisation, including sudden and unexpected trade shocks, and the continual introduction of new technologies, Europe must increase its capacity to anticipate, trigger and absorb economic and social change. In the framework of the Employment Guidelines, Member States are called upon to:

4.3.2. Izboljšanje prilagodljivosti delavcev in podjetij ter prožnosti trga dela

- Promote flexibility combined with employment security, and reduce labour market segmentation, having due regard to the role of the social partners.

Glede na povečane pritiske globalizacije, skupaj z nenadnimi in nepričakovanimi trgovinskimi pretresi, in uvajanje vedno novih tehnologij, mora Evropa izboljšati svojo sposobnost predvideti, sprožiti in vsrkati gospodarske in družbene spremembe. V okviru smernic za zaposlovanje so države članice pozvane, da:

- Ensure employment-friendly labour cost developments and wage-setting mechanisms.

- Spodbujajo prožnost v povezavi z varnostjo zaposlitve in zmanjšajo razčlenjenost trga dela, ob upoštevanju vloge socialnih partnerjev;

The main focus should be on actions to promote investment in human resources by enterprises, especially SMEs, and workers through the provision of lifelong learning strategies and systems which equips employees, in particular low-skilled and older workers , with the necessary skills to adapt to the knowledge economy and to prolong their working life. Attention should be given in particular to:

- Zagotovijo zaposlovanju prijazno gibanje stroškov dela in mehanizme za določanje plač.

- the development of lifelong learning strategies and systems including mechanisms such as regional and sector funds, with the aim of increasing investment by enterprises and participation of workers in training;

Osredotočiti se je treba na ukrepe za spodbujanje naložb podjetij, zlasti MSP, ter delavcev v človeške vire z zagotavljanjem strategij in sistemov vseživljenjskega učenja, s čimer dobijo zaposleni, zlasti nizkokvalificirani in starejši delavci znanje, potrebno za prilagajanje ekonomiji znanja in za podaljšanje delovnega življenja. Pozornost je treba nameniti zlasti:

- Implementation of such strategies by contributing to the funding of schemes and training activities. Priority should be given to SMEs, including facilitating their access to external sources of competence and training solutions –with emphasis being placed on ICT and management skills- and to increasing the participation of the low-skilled and older workers in training and re-training.

- oblikovanju strategij in sistemov vseživljenjskega učenja, vključno z mehanizmi, kot so regionalni in sektorski skladi, da bi se povečale naložbe podjetij in bi se delavci udeleževali usposabljanja;

Better anticipation and positive management of economic restructuring, especially as a result of changes linked to the opening-up of trade, are particularly important. Consideration should be given to creating monitoring systems involving the social partners, enterprises and local communities, to scrutinising socio-economic changes at national, regional and local level, and assessing future economic and labour market trends. Support for the programmes aimed at modernisation of labour markets and anticipation of gradual changes throughout the Union in sectors such as agriculture, textiles and automobiles needs to be put in place, alongside active measures to reinforce the economic well-being of regions. There is also a role for specific employment, training and support services for workers in the context of company and sector restructuring, such as rapid response schemes in the case of collective lay-offs.

- izvajanju teh strategij s prispevanjem k financiranju sistemov in dejavnosti usposabljanja. Prednost je treba nameniti MSP, vključno z njihovim lažjim dostopom do zunanjih virov v zvezi z usposobljenostjo in usposabljanjem – s poudarkom na IKT in upravljanju – ter večji udeleženosti nizkokvalificiranih in starejših delavcev pri usposabljanju in prekvalificiranju.

Attention should also be given to developing and disseminating knowledge on innovative and adaptable forms of work organisation to take advantage of new technologies - including teleworking, improving health and safety at work, increasing productivity and promoting better reconciliation of work and family life. This may also include raising awareness of corporate social responsibility and of ways to transform undeclared work into regular employment.

Zlasti je pomembno boljše predvidevanje in učinkovito upravljanje gospodarskega prestrukturiranja, posebno kot posledica sprememb, povezanih z odpiranjem trgovine. Premisliti je treba o oblikovanju sistemov spremljanja, ki vključujejo socialne partnerje, podjetja in lokalne skupnosti, preučevanju socialno-ekonomskih sprememb na nacionalni, regionalni in lokalni ravni ter ocenjevanju prihodnjih gospodarskih trendov in trendov trga dela. Treba je uvesti podporo programom, usmerjenim v posodabljanje trgov dela in predvidevanje postopnih sprememb znotraj Unije v kmetijstvu, tekstilni in avtomobilski industriji, skupaj z dejavnimi ukrepi za krepitev gospodarske blaginje regij. V okviru prestrukturiranja podjetja in sektorja imajo svoje mesto tudi posebne storitve zaposlovanja, usposabljanja in podpore za delavce, denimo načrti za hiter odziv v primeru skupinskih odpuščanj.

4.3.3. Increase investment in human capital through better education and skills

Pozornost je treba nameniti denimo razvoju in širjenju znanja o inovativnih in prilagodljivih oblikah organizacije dela, da se izkoristi prednost novih tehnologij – vključno z delom na daljavo, izboljšanjem zdravja in varnosti pri delu, večanjem produktivnosti in spodbujanjem boljšega usklajevanja med delom in družinskim življenjem. To lahko vključuje tudi dvigovanje ozaveščenosti o družbeni odgovornosti gospodarskih družb in načinih za preoblikovanje dela na črno v redno zaposlitev.

Europe needs to invest more in human capital. Too many people do not enter or remain in the labour market, because of lack of skills, or due to skills mismatches. To enhance access to employment for all ages and to raise productivity levels and quality at work, there is a need to step up investment in human capital and to develop and implement effective national lifelong learning strategies for the benefit of individuals, enterprises, the economy and society. In the framework of the Employment Guidelines, Member States are called upon to:

4.3.3. Izboljšanje naložb v človeški kapital z boljšo izobrazbo in strokovnim znanjem

- Expand and improve investment in human capital

Evropa mora izboljšati naložbe v človeški kapital. Preveč ljudi nima vstopa na trg dela ali ne ostane na njem zaradi pomanjkanja znanja ali neustreznega znanja. Za izboljšanje dostopa do zaposlitve za vse starosti ter za dvig produktivnosti in kakovosti pri delu je treba pospešiti naložbe v človeški kapital ter oblikovati in izvajati učinkovite državne strategije za vseživljenjsko učenje, ki bodo koristile posameznikom, podjetjem, gospodarstvu in družbi. V okviru smernic za zaposlovanje so države članice pozvane, da:

- Adapt education and training systems in response to new competence requirements.

- Razširijo in izboljšajo naložbe v človeški kapital;

Reforms in labour market training to attract more people into employment and increase adaptability of workers and enterprises need to be coupled with reforms in education and training systems -using where relevant common European references and principles. In previous programming periods, the Structural Funds have invested substantially in education and training systems. In the next programming period, the investment in human capital must be reinforced by focusing on the Lisbon objectives in line with the integrated guidelines for growth and employment. The following general priorities should be addressed:

- Prilagodijo sisteme izobraževanja in usposabljanja novim zahtevam po usposobljenosti.

- expanding and improving investment in human capital including the development of appropriate incentives and cost-sharing mechanisms for enterprises, public authorities and individuals;

Reforme trga dela, da se privabi več ljudi v zaposlitev in se poveča prilagodljivost delavcev in podjetij, je treba združiti z reformami sistemov izobraževanja in usposabljanja, pri tem pa uporabiti, kadar ustreza, skupna evropska določila in načela. V predhodnih programskih obdobjih sta Strukturna sklada veliko investirala v sisteme izobraževanja in usposabljanja. V naslednjem programskem obdobju je treba okrepiti naložbo v človeški kapital z osredotočanjem na lizbonske cilje v skladu z integriranimi smernicami za rast in delovna mesta. Treba je obravnavati naslednje splošne prednostne naloge:

- supporting coherent and comprehensive lifelong learning strategies, with particular attention given to addressing the skill needs of the knowledge economy, including support to the establishment of partnerships between regions and cities in terms of education and training to facilitate the exchange of experience and good practice. Particular attention should be given to addressing the needs of disadvantaged groups;

- večanje in izboljšanje naložb v človeški kapital, vključno z oblikovanjem ustreznih pobud in mehanizmov delitve stroškov za podjetja, javne organe in posameznike;

- supporting the development and introduction of reforms in education and training systems using where relevant common European references and principles;

- podpiranje skladnih in celovitih strategij vseživljenjskega učenja, pri čemer je treba posebno pozornost nameniti obravnavanju potreb ekonomije znanja po strokovnem znanju in spretnostnih, vključno s podporo oblikovanju sodelovanja med regijami in mesti pri izobraževanju in usposabljanju zaradi lažje izmenjave izkušenj in dobre prakse. Posebno pozornost je treba nameniti reševanju potreb prikrajšanih skupin;

- strengthening the links between universities, research and technological centres and enterprises, in particular through networking activities and joint actions.

- podpiranje oblikovanja in uvajanja reform v sistemih izobraževanja in usposabljanja, pri čemer je treba uporabiti,, kadar ustreza, skupna evropska določila in načela;

Under the "Convergence" objective, many Member States and regions are faced with very significant education and training challenges. Financial resources should also be used for the implementation of reforms, which should address the following specific priorities:

- krepitev povezav med univerzami, raziskovalnimi in tehnološkimi centri ter podjetji, zlasti s povezovanjem v mrežo in skupnimi ukrepi.

- ensuring an adequate supply of attractive, accessible and high quality education and training provision at all levels, including flexible learning pathways, a significant decline in early school-leaving and higher completion rates of upper secondary education;

V zvezi s „konvergenčnim“ ciljem se številne države članice in regije srečujejo z znatnimi izzivi na področju izobraževanja in usposabljanja. Finančne vire je treba uporabiti tudi za izvajanje reform, ki morajo obravnavati naslednje posebne prednostne naloge:

- supporting the modernisation of higher education and the development of human potential in research and innovation, through post-graduate studies, further training of researchers, and attracting more young people into scientific and technical studies;

- zagotavljanje zadostnega, privlačnega, dostopnega in visokokakovostnega izobraževanja ter usposabljanja na vseh ravneh, vključno s prilagodljivimi načini učenja, bistvenim upadom zgodnjega osipa v šoli in višjo stopnjo končane srednješolske izobrazbe;

- promoting the quality and attractiveness of vocational education and training, including apprenticeships and entrepreneurship education;

- podpiranje posodobitve visokošolskega izobraževanja in razvoja človeškega potenciala pri raziskavah in inovacijah, in sicer s podiplomskim študijem, nadaljnjim usposabljanjem raziskovalcev in s privabljanjem mladih v znanstvene in tehnične študije;

- ensuring, where appropriate, greater mobility at regional, national or transnational level, and promoting frameworks and systems to support the transparency and recognition of qualifications and the validation of non-formal and informal learning;

- spodbujanje kakovosti in privlačnosti poklicnega izobraževanja in usposabljanja, vključno z vajeništvom in izobraževanjem za podjetnike;

- investment in education and training infrastructure including ICTs, where such investments are necessary for the implementation of reform and/or where they can significantly contribute to increasing the quality and effectiveness of the education and training system.

- zagotavljanje večje mobilnosti, kadar ustreza, na regionalni, državni in transnacionalni ravni ter uveljavljanje okvirov in sistemov za podporo preglednosti in prepoznavnosti kvalifikacij ter veljavnosti neformalnega in priložnostnega učenja;

4.3.4. Administrative Capacity

- vlaganje v infrastrukturo izobraževanja in usposabljanja, vključno z IKT, kadar so takšne naložbe potrebne za izvajanje reform in/ali kadar lahko bistveno prispevajo k izboljšanju kakovosti in učinkovitosti sistemov izobraževanja in usposabljanja.

In previous programming periods, the Funds have, through technical assistance, reinforced the management capacity of Member States and managing authorities in implementing the regulations. This will also apply for the period 2007 to 2013.

4.3.4. Upravne zmogljivosti

Above and beyond the management of the Funds, effective administrative capacity of public administrations and public services i.e. smart administration, is a fundamental requirement for economic growth and jobs. Thus in line with the revised Lisbon Strategy which calls for better legislation, policy design and delivery to create the conditions for economic growth and job creation, the Funds will support investment in the human capital of administrative and public services at all territorial levels.

V predhodnih programskih obdobjih so Skladi s tehnično pomočjo okrepili zmogljivosti upravljanja držav članic in organov za upravljanje pri izvajanju uredb. To bo veljalo tudi za obdobje 2007 do 2013.

For countries and regions under the Convergence objective, increasing productivity and quality at work in the public sector - especially in the economic, employment, social, educational, health, environmental and judicial areas, is essential to pursue and accelerate reforms, to raise productivity and growth in the wider economy and to promote social and territorial cohesion and sustainable development. The Structural Funds can play an important role in supporting effective policy design and implementation, which involves all relevant stakeholders, in a broad range of fields.

Poleg upravljanja Skladov so temeljne zahteve za gospodarsko rast in delovna mesta učinkovite upravne zmogljivosti javnih uprav in javnih storitev, t.i. pametno upravljanje. V skladu z revidirano lizbonsko strategijo, ki zahteva boljšo zakonodajo, oblikovanje in izvajanje politike za nastanek pogojev za gospodarsko rast in ustvarjanje delovnih mest, bodo Skladi podpirali naložbe v človeški kapital upravnih in javnih storitev na vseh ozemeljskih ravneh.

Therefore, under the Convergence Objective, Member States are called upon to build up public administrations and public services at national, regional and local level. Actions in this field should take into account the specific situation of each Member State. Thus, in line with the principle of concentration, Member States are invited to conduct a comprehensive analysis to identify the policy areas requiring the most support for administrative capacity. Investment should concentrate on those policy areas where there are the greatest obstacles to socio-economic development and on the key elements of administrative reforms.

V okviru konvergenčnega cilja je za države in regije najpomembneje povečati produktivnost in kakovost dela v javnem sektorju – zlasti na področju gospodarstva, zaposlovanja, sociale, izobrazbe, zdravstva, okolja in sodstva – da se uvedejo in pospešijo reforme, izboljša produktivnost in rast v širšem gospodarstvu ter spodbudi socialna in ozemeljska kohezija ter trajnostni razvoj. Strukturna sklada imata lahko pomembno vlogo pri podpiranju učinkovitega oblikovanja in izvajanja politike, ki vključuje vse pomembne interesne skupine na številnih področjih.

Member States should ensure that the need to increase efficiency and transparency in public administrations and to modernise public services is adequately addressed. In particular, they should consider action to:

V skladu s konvergenčnim ciljem so zato države članice pozvane, da izpopolnijo javno upravo in javne storitve na državni, regionalni in lokalni ravni. Dejavnosti na tem področju morajo upoštevati posebne razmere posameznih držav članic. V skladu z načelom osredotočenosti so države članice pozvane, da izvedejo obsežno analizo za prepoznavanje področij politike, ki potrebujejo največ podpore za upravne zmogljivosti. Naložbe se morajo osredotočiti na tista področja politike, kjer so največje ovire za družbeno-gospodarski razvoj, in na ključne elemente upravnih reform.

- Support good policy and programme design , monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment, through studies, statistics, expertise, and foresight, support for interdepartmental coordination and dialogue between relevant public and private bodies;

Države članice morajo zagotoviti ustrezno obravnavo potrebe po večji učinkovitosti in preglednosti v javni upravi in po posodabljanju javnih storitev. Še zlasti morajo premisliti o naslednjih ukrepih:

- Enhance capacity building in the delivery of policies and programmes, including with regard to the crime proofing and enforcement of legislation, especially through mapping of training needs, career development review, evaluation, social audit procedures, implementation of open government principles, managerial and staff training and specific support to key services, inspectorates and socio-economic actors.

- Podpori dobremu oblikovanju politike in programov , spremljanju, vrednotenju in presoji vplivov s študijami, statističnimi analizami in strokovnim znanjem ter predvidevanjem, podpori medresorskemu usklajevanju in dialogu med ustreznimi javnimi in zasebnimi organi;

4.3.5. Help maintain a healthy labour force

- Krepitvi zmogljivosti pri uresničevanju politike in programov, tudi z odpravljanjem lukenj v zakonodaji, ki dopuščajo kriminalne dejavnosti, in izvajanjem zakonodaje, posebno z določanjem potreb po usposabljanju, pregledom poklicnega razvoja, ocenjevanjem, revizijo družbenih računov, izvajanjem načel odprte in pregledne oblasti, usposabljanjem vodstva in osebja ter posebno podporo ključnim službam, inšpektoratom in socialno ekonomskim dejavnikom.

In the light of the EU’s demographic structure, and ageing population and a likely decline in the labour force, it is essential that the Union takes steps to increase the number of healthy years of work for members of its workforce. Investment in health promotion and disease prevention will help to maintain active participation in society for as many workers as possible, thus maintaining their economic contribution and reducing dependency levels. This has a direct effect on productivity and competitiveness.

4.3.5. Pomoč pri ohranjanju zdrave delovne sile

There are major differences in health status and access to health care between European regions. It is therefore important for cohesion policy to contribute to health care facilities, thereby helping to increase the number of healthy years of work. Community-based health improvement and preventive action have an important role to play in reducing health inequalities. Good health care translates into greater participation in the labour market, longer working life, higher productivity and lower healthcare and social costs.

Glede na demografsko strukturo EU, staranje prebivalstva in verjetni upad delovne sile je za Unijo najpomembneje sprejeti ukrepe, ki bodo podaljšali število zdravih delovnih let njene delovne sile. Naložbe za spodbujanje zdravja in preprečevanje bolezni bodo pomagale ohraniti dejavno udeleženost v družbi čim večjega števila delavcev ter tako ohranile njihov gospodarski prispevek in zmanjšale stopnjo vzdrževanosti. To neposredno vpliva na produktivnost in konkurenčnost.

It is important for cohesion policy, especially in regions lagging behind, to contribute to the improvement of long-term care facilities and invest in the improvement of health infrastructure, in particular when their absence or insufficient development represent a major barrier to economic development. Member States should ensure that the need to increase efficiency in health care systems is addressed through investment in ICT, knowledge and innovation. In particular, Member States are called upon to pay attention to:

Med evropskimi regijami obstajajo velike razlike v zdravstvenem stanju in dostopu do storitev zdravstvenega varstva. Zato je pomembno, da kohezijska politika prispeva k zmogljivosti zdravstvenega varstva in tako pomaga delovni sili podaljšati število zdravih delovnih let. Ukrepi Skupnosti na področju zdravja in preventive imajo pomembno vlogo pri zmanjševanju neenakosti na področju zdravstva. Dobra zdravstvena varnost pomeni večjo udeleženost na trgu dela, daljše delovno življenje, večjo produktivnost ter manjše stroške zdravstvenega in socialnega sistema.

- Preventing health risks by means of generic health information campaigns and by ensuring a transfer of knowledge and technology and ensure that health services have the necessary skills, products and equipment to prevent risks and minimise their potential damage.

Pomembno je, posebno v regijah, ki zaostajajo, da kohezivna politika prispeva k dolgoročnemu izboljšanju zmogljivosti zdravstvenega varstva in vlaga v izboljšanje zdravstvene infrastrukture, zlasti kadar odsotnost ali nezadostna razvitost le-te ovirata gospodarski razvoj. Države članice morajo zagotoviti, da se potreba po izboljšanju učinkovitosti v sistemu zdravstvenega varstva rešuje z naložbami v IKT, znanje in inovacije. Države članice so pozvane, da namenijo posebno pozornost zlasti:

- Filling the gaps in health infrastructure and promoting efficient provision of services where the economic development of regions eligible under the Convergence objective is being affected. This action must be based on a thorough analysis of the optimal level of services provision and appropriate technology, such as telemedicine and the cost-saving potential of e-health services.

- Preprečevanju zdravstvenega tveganja s splošnimi kampanjami obveščanja o zdravju in z zagotavljanjem prenosa znanja in tehnologije ter zagotavljanjem, da zdravstvene storitve premorejo potrebno znanje, izdelke in opremo za preprečevanje tveganja in zmanjševanje morebitne škode;

5. TAKING ACCOUNT OF THE TERRITORIAL DIMENSION OF COHESION POLICY

- Zapolnjevanju vrzeli v zdravstveni infrastrukturi in spodbujanju učinkovitega zagotavljanja storitev, kadar je prizadet gospodarski razvoj regij, ki so upravičene do pomoči v okviru konvergenčnega cilja. Ta ukrep mora temeljiti na natančni analizi optimalne ravni zagotavljanja storitev in ustrezne tehnologije, kot sta telemedicina in varčnost e-zdravstvenih storitev.

ONE OF THE DETERMINING FEATURES OF COHESION POLICY - BY CONTRAST WITH SECTORAL POLICIES - IS ITS CAPACITY TO ADAPT TO THE PARTICULAR NEEDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHICAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. ACCORDINGLY, WHEN DEVELOPING THEIR PROGRAMMES AND CONCENTRATING RESOURCES ON THE PRIORITIES PRESENTED IN THE PRECEDING SECTIONS, MEMBER STATES AND REGIONS SHOULD PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THESE SPECIFIC NEEDS IN ORDER TO PREVENT UNEVEN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FROM HAMPERING GROWTH POTENTIAL .

5. UPOŠTEVANJE OZEMELJSKE RAZSEŽNOSTI KOHEZIJSKE POLITIKE

The territorial dimension is of particular importance for urban and rural areas respectively. Cohesion policy can also play a central role in improving the situation of cross border and broader transnational areas as well as regions suffering from other handicaps due to their insularity, remoteness (such as the outermost or Arctic regions), sparse population or mountain character by promoting better accessibility, notably in the case of services of general economic interest, by sustaining economic activity and by promoting economic diversification on the basis of their endogenous capacities and natural endowments.

Ena od odločilnih značilnosti kohezijske politike – za razliko od sektorskih politik – je zmožnost prilagajanja posebnim potrebam ter značilnostim posebnih geografskih izzivov in priložnosti. Skladno s tem morajo države članice in regije pri oblikovanju programov in zbiranju sredstev za prednostne naloge, predstavljene v zgornjih odstavkih, nameniti posebno pozornost tem posebnim potrebam, da se prepreči neskladen regionalni razvoj, ki lahko ovira potencial rasti.

The concept of territorial cohesion extends beyond the notion of economic and social cohesion, its objective being to help achieve a more balanced development, to build sustainable communities in urban and rural areas and to seek greater consistency with other sectoral policies which have a spatial impact. This also involves improving territorial integration and encouraging cooperation between and within regions.

Ozemeljska razsežnost je zelo pomembna za mestna in podeželska področja. Kohezijska politika ima lahko tudi glavno vlogo pri izboljšanju razmer čezmejnih in širših transnacionalnih področij kot tudi regij, ki so prikrajšane zaradi svoje otoške lege, oddaljenosti (kot so najbolj oddaljene ali arktične regije), redkega poseljenosti ali gorskih značilnosti, in sicer s spodbujanjem boljše dostopnosti, predvsem v primeru storitev splošnega gospodarskega interesa, s trajno gospodarsko dejavnostjo in s spodbujanjem gospodarske diverzifikacije na osnovi lastnih zmogljivosti in naravnih danosti.

Improving territorial cohesion is a matter both of method – i.e. determining whether a multi-disciplinary or integrated approach is needed – and of recognising the particular problems presented by different geographical circumstances. Success in the area of territorial cohesion therefore depends on a comprehensive strategy which sets the framework within which specific objectives and actions are pursued.

Pojem ozemeljske kohezije presega pojem gospodarske in socialne kohezije, njen cilj je pomoč pri doseganju bolj usklajenega razvoja, gradnja trajnostnih skupnosti v mestu in na podeželju, prizadevanje za večjo usklajenost z ostalimi sektorskimi politikami, ki vplivajo na celoten prostor. To tudi vključuje izboljšanje ozemeljskega povezovanja in spodbujanje sodelovanja med regijami in znotraj njih.

5.1. The contribution of cities to growth and jobs

Pri izboljšanju ozemeljske kohezije gre tako za metodo – tj. določanje, ali je potreben interdisciplinarni ali celostni pristop – kot za priznavanje nekaterih težav, ki obstajajo zaradi različnih geografskih okoliščin. Zato je uspeh na področju ozemeljske kohezije odvisen od celovite strategije, ki določa okvir, znotraj katerega se izvajajo posebni cilji in ukrepi.

In urban areas , the focus should be on improving competitiveness (through clustering and networking) and achieving more balanced development between the economically strongest cities and the rest of the urban network.

5.1. Prispevanje mest k rasti in novim delovnim mestom

Account must be taken of specific problems of the urban areas such as social exclusion, high and rising crime rates, and the general worsening of the quality of life in deprived urban areas. In general, support should focus on the development of participative and integrated strategies capable of tackling the high concentration of economic, environmental and social problems affecting urban agglomerations.

Pri urbanih območjih se je treba osredotočiti na izboljšanje konkurenčnosti (z grozdi in povezovanjem v mrežo) in večjo uravnoteženost razvoja med gospodarsko najmočnejšimi mesti in preostalim urbanim omrežjem.

Actions supported include measures to promote entrepreneurship, local employment and community development , as well as the provision of services to the population, taking account of changing demographic structures. Attracting very highly skilled personnel is also important (with measures relating to accessibility, high quality education, the supply of cultural services, and opportunities for RTD and innovation).

Upoštevati je treba posebne težave mestnih območij, kot so socialna izključenost, visoka in naraščajoča stopnja kriminala in splošno slabšanje kakovosti življenja v ogroženih mestnih predelih. Na splošno se mora pomoč osredotočiti na razvoj participativnih in integriranih strategij, ki lahko rešijo veliko število gospodarskih, okoljskih in družbenih problemov, ki vplivajo na strnjena mestna naselja.

Also important are measures to rehabilitate the physical environment , redevelop brownfield sites, and preserve and develop the historical and cultural heritage. The regeneration of public spaces and industrial sites can play an important role in helping to create the infrastructures necessary for sustainable economic development.

Podprte dejavnosti vključujejo ukrepe za spodbujanje podjetništva, lokalne zaposlenosti in razvoja skupnosti kot tudi zagotavljanje storitev prebivalcem, ob upoštevanju spreminjajočih se demografskih struktur. Pomembno je tudi pridobivanje visoko usposobljenega osebja (z ukrepi, povezanimi z dostopnostjo, visokokakovostno izobrazbo, ponudbo kulturnih storitev ter priložnostmi za RTR in inovacije).

In the light of the often deep-seated problems of social cohesion , it is important that actions should strengthen security, promote economic, social and cultural integration of the least favoured, combat discrimination, and improve the availability of, and access to, key services.

Prav tako so pomembni ukrepi za obnavljanje fizičnega okolja , ponovni razvoj opuščenih industrijskih območij ter obnavljanje in razvoj zgodovinske in kulturne dediščine. Obnavljanje javnih površin in industrijskih območij ima lahko pomembno vlogo pri oblikovanju potrebnih infrastruktur za trajnosten gospodarski razvoj.

The key partners in the cities and local authorities have an important role to play in achieving these objectives. The preparation of a medium- to long-term development plan for urban regeneration is generally a precondition for success as it ensures the coherence of investments and of their environmental quality. This will also help to secure the commitment and participation of the private sector in urban renewal.

Ob upoštevanju pogosto močno zakoreninjenih težav socialne kohezije je pomembno, da ukrepi okrepijo varnost, spodbujajo ekonomsko, socialno in družbeno vključenost najbolj prikrajšanih, boj proti diskriminaciji ter izboljšanje razpoložljivosti in dostopnosti do ključnih storitev.

5.2. Supporting the economic diversification of rural areas

Ključni partnerji v mestih in lokalni organi imajo pomembno vlogo pri doseganju teh ciljev. Priprava srednje- do dolgoročnega razvojnega načrta za obnavljanje mest je predpogoj za uspeh, ker zagotavlja usklajenost naložb in njihovo okoljsko kakovost. To bo tudi pomagalo zavarovati obveznosti in sodelovanje zasebnega sektorja pri prenovi mest.

Cohesion policy can also play a key role in support of the economic regeneration of rural areas, complementing the actions supported by the new rural development fund (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development).

5.2. Podpiranje gospodarske diverzifikacije podeželskih območij

The synergy between structural, employment and rural development policies needs to be encouraged. In this context, Member States should ensure complementarity and coherence between actions to be financed by the ERDF, Cohesion Fund, ESF, EFF and EAFRD on a given territory and in a given field of activity. The main guiding principles as regards the demarcation line and the coordination mechanisms between actions supported by the different Funds should be defined at the level of national strategic reference framework/national strategy plan.

Kohezijska politika ima lahko tudi ključno vlogo pri podpiranju gospodarskega obnavljanja podeželskih območij z dopolnjevanjem ukrepov, ki jih podpira novi sklad za razvoj podeželja (Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja).

For cohesion policy, action in favour of rural areas should contribute to ensuring a minimum level of access to services of general economic interest with a view to improving conditions in rural areas that is needed in order to attract firms and qualified personnel and to limit out-migration. Connectivity to the main national and European networks is also necessary. In addition, cohesion policy should support the endogenous capacity of rural territories by promoting, for example, product marketing at national and global level, and favouring process and product innovation in existing economic activities.

Treba je spodbujati sinergijo med strukturno politiko, politiko zaposlovanja ter politiko razvoja podeželja. V zvezi s tem morajo države članice zagotoviti dopolnjevanje in skladnost med ukrepi, ki jih bodo financirali ESRR, Kohezijski sklad, ESS, ESR in EKSRP na določenem ozemlju in na določenem področju dejavnosti. Glavna vodilna načela v zvezi z razmejitveno črto in mehanizmi sodelovanja med ukrepi, ki jih podpirajo različni skladi, morajo biti opredeljena na ravni nacionalnega strateškega referenčnega okvira/nacionalnega strateškega načrta.

Many rural regions depend heavily on tourism. These regions require an integrated approach dedicated to quality, focusing on consumer satisfaction and based on the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Actions should take advantage of, and seek to preserve natural and cultural assets which can have important positive spin-offs by protecting habitats and supporting biodiversity. The integrated approach should aim to have a positive impact on the tourism sector, the local economy, the people working in the tourism sector, visitors and the local population, as well as the natural and cultural heritage.

Za kohezijsko politiko morajo ukrepi v korist podeželskih območij prispevati k zagotavljanju najnižje ravni dostopnosti do storitev splošnega gospodarskega interesa za izboljšanje pogojev na podeželskih območjih, ki so potrebni za pridobitev podjetij in usposobljenega osebja in za omejevanje selitve prebivalstva s podeželja. Potrebna je tudi povezanost z glavnimi nacionalnimi in evropskimi omrežji. Poleg tega mora kohezijska politika podpirati endogene zmogljivosti podeželskega ozemlja s spodbujanjem na primer trženja izdelkov na državni in svetovni ravni ter dajanjem prednosti inovacijam pri postopkih in izdelkih v obstoječih gospodarskih dejavnostih.

It is also important to recognise the potential constraints of an integrated approach. Achieving the necessary critical mass to deliver services efficiently - including services for a healthy workforce referred to above - is a particular challenge. Ensuring universal access to all services, particularly in very sparsely populated areas, may be achieved by investing in development poles in rural areas (for example in small and medium-sized towns) and by developing economic clusters based on local assets combined with the use of new information technologies.

Veliko podeželskih regij je močno odvisnih od turizma. Te regije zahtevajo celosten pristop , ki se osredotoča na kakovost in zadovoljstvo potrošnikov ter temelji na gospodarski, socialni in okoljski razsežnosti trajnostnega razvoja. Ukrepi morajo izkoristiti in si prizadevati za ohranitev naravnih in kulturnih dobrin, kar lahko prinese pomembne pozitivne dejavnosti pri varovanju habitatov in podpiranju biotske raznovrstnosti. Celosten pristop mora imeti pozitiven vpliv na turistični sektor, lokalno gospodarstvo, delavce v turističnem sektorju, obiskovalce in lokalno prebivalstvo in tudi na naravno in kulturno dediščino.

5.3. Cooperation

Pomembno je tudi prepoznavanje morebitnih ovir za celosten pristop. Doseganje potrebne kritične mase za učinkovito izvajanje storitev – vključno s storitvami za zdravo delovno silo, navedenimi zgoraj – je poseben izziv. Zagotavljanje splošnega dostopa do vseh storitev, zlasti na redko poseljenih območjih, se lahko doseže z vlaganjem v razvoj polov na podeželskih območjih (na primer v majhnih in srednje velikih mestih) in z razvijanjem gospodarskih grozdov , ki temeljijo na lokalnih dobrinah in uporabi novih informacijskih tehnologij.

Measures to promote cross-border, transnational, and interregional cooperation should complement the three priorities indicated above. As a consequence, closer cooperation across EU regions should help speed up economic development and the achievement of higher growth. National borders are often an obstacle to the development of European territory as a whole, and can restrict its potential for full competitiveness. In the cross-border and transnational context, transport, water management and environment protection are clear examples of challenges requiring a focused and integrated approach that goes beyond national boundaries.

5.3. Sodelovanje

5.4. Cross-border cooperation

Ukrepi za spodbujanje čezmejnega, transnacionalnega in medregionalnega sodelovanja morajo dopolnjevati tri zgoraj navedene prednostne naloge. Posledično mora tesnejše sodelovanje po vsej EU pomagati pri pospeševanju gospodarskega razvoja in doseganju višje rasti. Državne meje so pogosto ovira razvoju evropskega ozemlja kot celote in lahko omejijo njegov potencial za polno konkurenčnost. V čezmejnem in transnacionalnem smislu so prevoz, gospodarjenje z vodami in varovanje okolja jasni primeri izzivov, ki zahtevajo osredotočen in celosten pristop, ki presega državne meje.

The ultimate objective of cross-border cooperation in Europe is to integrate areas divided by national borders that face common problems requiring common solutions. Such challenges are faced by all border regions in the Union and they are generally related to fragmentation of markets, the labour force, investment patterns, infrastructure, fiscal resources, institutions and including services of general interest.

5.4. Čezmejno sodelovanje

Though cooperation programmes should be tailored according to the particular situation faced by each border region, it is important that an effort is made to concentrate the assistance on the main priorities in support of growth and job creation.

Temeljni cilj čezmejnega sodelovanja v Evropi je vključevanje območij, razdeljenih z državno mejo, ki se srečujejo s skupnimi težavami, ki zahtevajo skupno reševanje. S takšnimi težavami se srečujejo vse obmejne regije v Uniji, na splošno pa so povezane z drobitvijo trga, delovno silo, načini vlaganja, infrastrukturo, fiskalnimi sredstvi, institucijami, vključno s storitvami splošnega interesa.

Generally applicable recommendations for future cross-border cooperation are not always relevant owing to the large diversity of situations. At the same time, in view of the obstacles created by borders, a useful starting point is the improvement of existing transport and communication infrastructure and the development, where necessary, of new links. These are pre-conditions for establishing or developing cross-border contacts.

Čeprav je treba programe sodelovanja oblikovati glede na določene razmere, s katerimi se srečuje posamezna obmejna regija, si je pomembno prizadevati za osredotočenje pomoči na glavne prednostne naloge za podpiranje rasti in ustvarjanje novih delovnih mest.

Cross-border cooperation should focus on strengthening the competitiveness of the border regions. In addition, it should contribute to economic and social integration, especially where there are wide economic disparities on either side. Actions include promoting knowledge and know-how transfer, the development of cross-border business activities, cross-border education/training and healthcare potential and integrating the cross-border labour market; and joint management of the environment and common threats. Where the basic conditions for cross-border cooperation are already in place, cohesion policy should focus assistance on actions that bring added value to cross-border activities: e.g. increasing cross-border competitiveness through innovation and research and development; connecting intangible networks (services) or physical networks (transport) to strengthen cross-border identity as a feature of European citizenship; the promotion of cross-border labour market integration; cross-border water management and flood control.

Splošno veljavna priporočila za prihodnje čezmejno sodelovanje niso vedno ustrezna zaradi zelo različnih razmer. Glede na ovire, ki jih povzročajo meje, pa je koristno izhodišče izboljšanje obstoječe prometne in komunikacijske infrastrukture ter, kadar je to potrebno, razvoj novih povezav. To so predpogoji za vzpostavljanje ali razvoj čezmejnih stikov.

5.5. Transnational cooperation

Čezmejno sodelovanje se mora osredotočiti na krepitev konkurenčnosti obmejnih regij. Poleg tega mora prispevati k ekonomski in socialni integraciji, zlasti kjer obstajajo velika gospodarska neskladja na obeh straneh. Ukrepi vključujejo spodbujanje prenosa znanja ter prenosa strokovnega znanja in izkušenj, razvoj čezmejnih poslovnih dejavnosti, čezmejno izobraževanje/usposabljanje, možnost zdravstvenega varstva in povezovanje čezmejnega trga dela ter skupno upravljanje okolja in skupnih groženj. Kjer že obstajajo osnovni pogoji za čezmejno sodelovanje, mora kohezijska politika pomoč osredotočiti na ukrepe, ki prinašajo dodatno vrednost čezmejnim dejavnostim: npr. izboljševanje čezmejne konkurenčnosti z inovacijami, raziskavami in razvojem; povezovanje nematerialnih omrežij (storitve) ali fizičnih omrežij (prevoz) za krepitev čezmejne identitete kot značilnosti evropskega državljanstva; spodbujanje integriranosti čezmejnega trga dela; čezmejno gospodarjenje z vodami in nadzor poplav.

Transnational areas are macro-regions where there is a need to increase economic and social integration and cohesion. Transnational cooperation programmes seek to increase cooperation across Member States on matters of strategic importance.

5.5. Transnacionalno sodelovanje

Support should therefore be given to actions which seek to improve the physical interconnection of territories (e.g. investments in sustainable transport) as well as intangible connections (networks, exchanges between regions and between the parties involved).

Transnacionalna območja so makroregije, kjer obstaja potreba po povečanju ekonomske in socialne integracije ter kohezije. Transnacionalni programi sodelovanja si prizadevajo za boljše sodelovanje po državah članicah v zadevah strateškega pomena.

The actions envisaged include the creation of European transport corridors (particularly cross-border sections) for the prevention of natural hazards, water management at river basin level, integrated maritime cooperation and R&D/innovation networks.

Zato je treba podpirati ukrepe, ki skušajo izboljšati fizično medsebojno povezavo ozemelj (npr. vlaganja v trajnostni prevoz) in tudi nematerialne povezave (omrežja, izmenjave med regijami in zadevnimi stranmi).

The map of the current zones for transnational cooperation needs to be re-examined. The delineation of future macro-regions will have to ensure that they create the conditions for implementing basic structural actions. They therefore need to be drawn up taking account of territorial coherence and functional criteria of a geographical nature, for example, sharing the same river basin or coastal zone, belonging to the same mountainous area, being crossed by a major transport corridor. Other criteria, such as history or institutional structures, or existing cooperation or Conventions, are also pertinent.

Predvideni ukrepi vključujejo vzpostavljanje evropskih prometnih koridorjev (zlasti čezmejnih področij) za preprečevanje naravnih nesreč, gospodarjenje s povodji, celostno pomorsko sodelovanje ter R&R/inovacijska omrežja.

Finally, the successful experience of the EQUAL Community Initiative, which promotes an inclusive society by combating discrimination and exclusion, is mainstreamed across all actions to further build on partnership, empowerment, innovation and transnational cooperation, allowing Member States to share good practices and develop new ways to combat problems they are facing in the above mentioned areas.

Zemljevid sedanjih con za transnacionalno sodelovanje je treba ponovno pregledati. Z razvrstitvijo prihodnjih makroregij bo treba zagotoviti oblikovanje pogojev za izvajanje osnovnih strukturnih ukrepov. Zato morajo biti oblikovani tako, da upoštevajo ozemeljsko celovitost in funkcionalna geografska merila, na primer delitev istega povodja ali obalne cone, pripadnost istemu gorskemu območju, prečkanje glavnega prometnega koridorja. Ustrezna so tudi druga merila, kot so zgodovinske ali institucionalne strukture ali obstoječe sodelovanje ali konvencije.

5.6. Interregional cooperation

Uspešna pobuda Skupnosti EQUAL, ki spodbuja vključujočo družbo z bojem proti diskriminaciji in izključenosti, je vpeta v vse ukrepe za nadaljnjo krepitev partnerstva, moči ukrepanja, inovacij in transnacionalnega sodelovanja in omogoča državam članicam, da izmenjujejo dobro prakso in oblikujejo nove načine za reševanje težav, s katerimi se srečujejo zgoraj navedena območja.

Interregional cooperation programmes should focus on the Growth and Jobs Agenda: strengthening innovation, SMEs and entrepreneurship, the environment and risk prevention. In addition, exchange of experiences and best practices regarding urban development, modernisation of public sector services (such as health and government using ICT) and the implementation of cooperation programmes as well as studies and data collection will be encouraged. Interregional cooperation will also be supported within programmes for convergence and regional competitiveness and employment. In addition, exchange of experiences and best practices regarding urban development, social inclusion, relationship between cities and rural areas, and the implementation of cooperation programmes will be encouraged.

5.6. Medregionalno sodelovanje

6. NEXT STEPS

Programi za medregionalno sodelovanje se morajo osredotočiti na agendo o rasti in novih delovnih mestih: krepitev inovacij, MSP in podjetništva, okolje in preprečevanje tveganja. Poleg tega bodo spodbudili izmenjavo izkušenj in najboljših praks v zvezi z razvojem mest, posodabljanjem storitev javnega sektorja (kot so zdravstvo in vlada z uporabo IKT), izvajanjem programov sodelovanja, študijami in zbiranjem podatkov. Medregionalno sodelovanje bo podprto tudi znotraj konvergenčnih programov, regijske konkurenčnosti in zaposlovanja. Spodbudili bodo tudi izmenjavo izkušenj in dobrih praks v zvezi z razvojem mest, socialne vključenosti, odnosa med mesti in podeželskimi območji ter izvajanje programov sodelovanja.

FOLLOWING AN AGREEMENT ON THE FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVES (2007-2013), THE NEGOTIATIONS ON THE REGULATIONS FOR THE STRUCTURAL AND COHESION FUNDS need to be concluded as soon as possible in order to allow maximum preparation time for the new programmes. At that point, the Commission will provide the final version of the Community Strategic Guidelines for Cohesion to the Council for approval in accordance with Article 24 of the draft General Regulation.

6. NADALJNJI KORAKI

The Strategic Guidelines are the basis for the National Strategic Reference Frameworks, which in turn determine the priorities set out in the Operational Programmes in accordance with Article 25 of the draft General Regulation.

Po sporazumu o finančni perspektivi (2007 – 2013) je treba pogajanja o uredbah za Strukturna sklada in Kohezijski sklad čim prej zaključiti, da se omogoči kar največ časa za pripravo novih programov. Takrat bo Komisija predložila Svetu v odobritev končno različico strateških smernic Skupnosti za kohezijo v skladu s členom 24 osnutka splošne uredbe.

It is essential, therefore, to abide by the timetable for the adoption of the regulations for the Structural and Cohesion Funds 2007-2013 in order to allow sufficient time for the programming phase in 2006.

Strateške smernice so osnova nacionalnih strateških referenčnih okvirov, ki določajo prednostne naloge, opredeljene v operativnem programu v skladu s členom 25 osnutka splošne uredbe.

Finally, the Commission will launch a public consultation at the time of adoption of this document in preparation for the final version of the Strategic Guidelines.

Zato je bistvenega pomena, da se upošteva časovni razpored za sprejetje uredb za Strukturna sklada in Kohezijski sklad 2007 – 2013 in se tako zagotovi dovolj časa za obdobje načrtovanja programov v letu 2006.

Bearing in mind the limited resources available for cohesion policy programmes in the Member States and regions, the consultation is intended to help find a response to the following questions:

Komisija bo ob sprejetju tega dokumenta uvedla javno posvetovanje za pripravo končne različice strateških smernic.

- To what extent should cohesion policy support the growth and jobs agenda and the Lisbon process?

Ob upoštevanju omejenih sredstev, ki so na voljo za programe kohezijske politike v državah članicah in regijah, je posvetovanje namenjeno iskanju odgovora na naslednja vprašanja:

- What new elements might be included in order to address this agenda?

- V kolikšni meri mora kohezijska politika podpirati agendo o rasti in novih delovnih mestih ter lizbonski proces?

- Which aspects do you consider to be less relevant to this agenda?

- Kateri novi elementi bi se lahko vključili pri obravnavi te agende?

The results of the consultation exercise will help to shape the final version of the Guidelines to be communicated by the Commission to the Council. The Commission therefore invites all relevant stakeholders to participate in this consultation exercise and would welcome comments before 30 September 2005. Comments can be posted on:

- Kateri vidike so po vašem mnenju manj pomembni za to agendo?

http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/consultation/index_en.htm

Rezultati posvetovanja bodo pomagali oblikovati končno različico smernic, ki jih bo Komisija sporočila Svetu. Komisija zato poziva vse ustrezne interesne skupine, da sodelujejo pri tem posvetovanju in pričakuje pripombe do 30. septembra 2005. Pripombe se lahko objavijo na:

ANNEX

http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/consultation/index_en.htm

LIST OF MAPS

PRILOGA

Map 1 GDP growth, 1995-2002

SEZNAM ZEMLJEVIDOV

Map 2 Thematical regional classification of Europe - Competitiveness

Zemljevid 1 Rast BDP, 1995 – 2002

Map 3 Potential accessibility, multimodal, 2001

Zemljevid 2 Tematska regionalna razdelitev Evrope – konkurenčnost

Map 4 Thematical regional classification for Europe: Hazards

Zemljevid 3 Morebitna dostopnost, kombinirana, 2001

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Zemljevid 4 Tematska regionalna razdelitev Evrope: nevarnosti

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[1] Presidency conclusions, European Council, March 2005.

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[2] Article 158 of the Treaty states that, in order to strengthen its economic and social cohesion, the Community shall aim at reducing disparities between the levels of development of the various regions and the backwardness of the least favoured regions or islands, including rural areas.

[1] Sklepi Predsedstva, Evropski svet, marec 2005.

[3] In line with the Göteborg Strategy adopted by the European Council in 2001.

[2] Člen 158 Pogodbe določa, da si Skupnost zaradi krepitve svoje ekonomske in socialne kohezije prizadeva zmanjšati razlike med stopnjami razvitosti različnih regij in zaostalost najmanj razvitih regij ali otokov, vključno s podeželjem.

[4] “The EU Economy: 2004 Review” - COM(2004) 723, 26.10.2004.

[3] V skladu z göteborško strategijo, ki jo je sprejel Evropski svet leta 2001.

[5] COM(2004) 492, 14.7.2004. In the rest of the paper, “Funds” is used in relation to the three Funds and “Structural Funds” when reference is made to the ERDF and ESF only.

[4] „Gospodarstvo EU: Pregled za leto 2004“, COM(2004) 723, 26.10.2004.

[6] COM(2004) 492, Article 23.

[5] COM(2004) 492., 14.7.2004. V preostalem dokumentu se izraz „Skladi“ uporablja v zvezi s temi tremi skladi, izraz „Strukturna sklada“ se uporablja, kadar se sklicuje le na ESRR in ESS.

[7] Presidency Conclusions, Lisbon European Council, 23 and 24 March 2000.

[6] COM(2004) 492, člen 23.

[8] Communication to the Spring European Council “Working Together for growth and jobs – a new start for the Lisbon Strategy” - COM(2005) 24, 2.2.2005.

[7] Sklepi Predsedstva, Evropski svet v Lizboni 23. in 24.3.2000.

[9] Presidency conclusions, European Council, March 2005.

[8] Sporočilo Spomladanskemu Evropskemu svetu „Skupna prizadevanja za gospodarsko rast in nova delovna mesta – Nov začetek za Lizbonsko strategijo“, COM(2005) 24, 2.2.2005.

[10] COM(2005) 141.

[9] Sklepi Predsedstva, Evropski svet, marec 2005.

[11] See Third Cohesion Report, p. 149.

[10] COM(2005) 141.

[12] Communication to the Spring European Council “Working Together for growth and jobs – a new start for the Lisbon Strategy” - COM(2005) 24, 2.2.2005.

[11] Glej Tretje kohezijsko poročilo, str. 149.

[13] “European transport policy for 2010 : time to decide” - COM(2001) 370.

[12] Sporočilo Spomladanskemu Evropskemu svetu „Skupna prizadevanja za gospodarsko rast in nova delovna mesta – Nov začetek za Lizbonsko strategijo“, COM(2005) 24, 2.2.2005.

[14] Decision No 884/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, 29 April 2004.

[13] „Evropska prometna politika za leto 2010: čas za odločitev,“ COM(2001) 370.

[15] “Investing in research: an action plan for Europe” - COM(2003) 226, 30.4.2003.

[14] Sklep št. 884/2004/ES Evropskega Parlamenta in Sveta z dne 29.4.2004.

[16] “The economic costs of non-Lisbon” - SEC(2005) 385, 15.3.2005.

[15] „Vlaganje v raziskovanje: akcijski načrt za Evropo“, COM(2003) 226, 30.4.2003.

[17] SEC(2004) 1475.

[16] „Gospodarski stroški ne-Lizbone“, SEC(2005) 385, 15.3.2005.

[18] COM(2005) 229.

[17] SEC(2004) 1475.

[19] Article 99 of the Treaty for the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines and Article 128 for the Employment Guidelines.

[18] COM(2005) 229.

[20] Article 23 of the draft Council Regulation (EC) laying down general provisions for the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Cohesion Fund.

[19] Člen 99 Pogodbe za širše smernice ekonomske politike in člen 128 za smernice za zaposlovanje.

[21] COM(2005) 141,12.4.2005

[20] Člen 23 osnutka Uredbe Sveta (ES) o splošnih določbah o Evropskem skladu za regionalni razvoj (ESRR), Evropskem socialnem skladu (ESS) in Kohezijskem skladu.

[21] COM(2005) 141, 12.4.2005.