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Council Decision
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Sklep Sveta
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of 20 February 2006
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z dne 20. februarja 2006
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on Community strategic guidelines for rural development (programming period 2007 to 2013)
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o strateških smernicah Skupnosti za razvoj podeželja (programsko obdobje 2007–2013)
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(2006/144/EC)
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(2006/144/ES)
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THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
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SVET EVROPSKE UNIJE JE –
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Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
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ob upoštevanju Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti,
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Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 of 20 September 2005 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) [1], and in particular Article 9(2), first sentence, thereof,
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ob upoštevanju Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 1698/2005 z dne 20. septembra 2005 o podpori za razvoj podeželja iz Evropskega kmetijskega sklada za razvoj podeželja (EKSRP) [1], in zlasti prvega stavka člena 9(2) Uredbe,
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Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
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ob upoštevanju predloga Komisije,
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Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament [2],
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ob upoštevanju mnenja Evropskega parlamenta [2],
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Whereas:
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ob upoštevanju naslednjega:
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(1) Article 9(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 provides that strategic guidelines for rural development for the programming period from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013 should be adopted at Community level to set the priorities for rural development.
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(1) Člen 9(1) Uredbe (ES) št. 1698/2005 določa, da se strateške smernice za razvoj podeželja za programsko obdobje od 1. januarja 2007 do 31. decembra 2013 sprejmejo na ravni Skupnosti zaradi določitve prednostnih nalog za razvoj podeželja.
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(2) These strategic guidelines should reflect the multifunctional role farming plays in the richness and diversity of landscapes, food products and cultural and natural heritage throughout the Community.
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(2) Strateške smernice morajo odražati večnamensko vlogo, ki jo ima kmetijstvo v bogastvu in raznolikosti krajine, živilskih proizvodih ter kulturni in naravni dediščini v vsej Skupnosti.
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(3) These strategic guidelines should identify the areas important for the realisation of Community priorities, in particular in relation to the Göteborg sustainability goals and to the renewed Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs established by the European Councils of Göteborg ( 15 and 16 June 2001) and Thessaloniki ( 20 and 21 June 2003) respectively.
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(3) Strateške smernice morajo določiti področja, ki so pomembna za uresničevanje prednostnih nalog Skupnosti, zlasti glede ciljev trajnostnega razvoja iz Göteborga in prenovljene Lizbonske strategije za rast in delovna mesta, določene na zasedanjih Evropskega sveta v Göteborgu ( 15. in 16. junija 2001) oziroma v Solunu ( 20. in 21. junija 2003).
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(4) On the basis of these strategic guidelines, each Member State should prepare its national strategy plan as the reference framework for the preparation of rural development programmes,
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(4) Na podlagi teh strateških smernic bi morala vsaka država članica pripraviti svojo nacionalni strateški plan, ki predstavlja referenčni okvir za pripravo programov razvoja podeželja –
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HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:
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SKLENIL:
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Sole Article
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Edini člen
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The Community strategic guidelines for rural development (programming period 2007 to 2013), as set out in the Annex, are hereby adopted.
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Sprejmejo se strateške smernice Skupnosti za razvoj podeželja (programsko obdobje 2007–2013), kakor so navedene v Prilogi.
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Done at Brussels, 20 February 2006.
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V Bruslju, 20. februarja 2006
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For the Council
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Za Svet
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The President
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Predsednik
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J. Pröll
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J. Pröll
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[1] OJ L 277, 21.10.2005, p. 1.
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[1] UL L 277, 21.10.2005, str. 1.
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[2] Not yet published in the Official Journal.
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[2] Še ni objavljeno v Uradnem listu.
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ANNEX
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PRILOGA
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Community strategic guidelines for rural development (programming period 2007 to 2013)
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Strateške smernice Skupnosti za razvoj podeželja (programsko obdobje 2007–2013)
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1. INTRODUCTION
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1. UVOD
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Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 defines the purpose and scope of assistance from the EAFRD. The Community strategic guidelines identify within this framework the areas important for the realisation of Community priorities, in particular in relation to the Göteborg sustainability goals and to the renewed Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs.
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Uredba (ES) št. 1698/2005 opredeljuje namen in obseg pomoči iz EKSRP. Strateške smernice Skupnosti določajo področja v tem okviru, ki so pomembna za uresničevanje prednostnih nalog Skupnosti, zlasti glede ciljev trajnostnega razvoja iz Göteborga in prenovljene Lizbonske strategije za rast in delovna mesta.
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The Community strategic guidelines for rural development will help to:
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Strateške smernice Skupnosti za razvoj podeželja bodo pomagale:
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- identify and agree the areas where the use of EU support for rural development creates the most value added at EU level,
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- določiti in se sporazumeti o področjih, kjer je s pomočjo EU za razvoj podeželja ustvarjena največja dodana vrednost na ravni EU,
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- make the link with the main EU priorities (Lisbon, Göteborg) and translate them into rural development policy,
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- ustvariti povezavo z glavnimi prednostnimi nalogami EU (Göteborg, Lizbona) in jih prenesti v politiko razvoja podeželja,
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- ensure consistency with other EU policies, in particular in the fields of cohesion and environment,
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- zagotoviti usklajenost z drugimi politikami EU, zlasti na področjih kohezije in okolja,
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- accompany the implementation of the new market-oriented common agricultural policy (CAP) and the necessary restructuring it will entail in the old and new Member States.
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- spremljati izvajanje nove tržno usmerjene skupne kmetijske politike (SKP) in potrebnega prestrukturiranja, ki ga bo vključevala v starih in novih državah članicah.
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2. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE COMMUNITY’S OVERALL AIMS
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2. RAZVOJ PODEŽELJA IN SPLOŠNI CILJI SKUPNOSTI
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2.1. The CAP and rural development
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2.1 SKP in razvoj podeželja
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Agriculture continues to be the largest user of rural land, as well as a key determinant of the quality of the countryside and the environment. The importance and relevance of the CAP and rural development have increased with the recent enlargement of the European Union.
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Kmetijstvo je še naprej največji uporabnik podeželskih zemljišč, kot tudi ključni dejavnik kakovosti življenjskega prostora na podeželju in okolja. Pomen in ustreznost SKP in razvoja podeželja sta se povečala z nedavno širitvijo Evropske unije.
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Without the two pillars of the CAP, market and rural development policies, many rural areas of Europe would face increasing economic, social and environmental problems. The European model of agriculture reflects the multifunctional role farming plays in the richness and diversity of landscapes, food products and cultural and natural heritage [1].
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Brez obeh stebrov SKP, politike trga in razvoja podeželja, bi se številna podeželska območja v Evropi soočala z naraščajočimi gospodarskimi, socialnimi in okoljskimi problemi. Evropski model kmetijstva odraža večnamensko vlogo, ki jo ima kmetijstvo v bogastvu in raznolikosti krajine, živilskih proizvodih ter kulturni in naravni dediščini [1].
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The guiding principles for the CAP, market and rural development policies, were set out by the European Council of Göteborg ( 15 and 16 June 2001). According to its conclusions, strong economic performance must go hand in hand with the sustainable use of natural resources and levels of waste, maintaining biodiversity, preserving ecosystems and avoiding desertification. To meet these challenges, the CAP and its future development should, among its objectives, contribute to achieving sustainable development by increasing its emphasis on encouraging healthy, high-quality products, environmentally sustainable production methods, including organic production, renewable raw materials and the protection of biodiversity.
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Vodilna načela SKP, politike trga in razvoja podeželja je določil Evropski svet v Göteborgu ( 15. in 16. junija 2001). V skladu z njegovimi zaključki mora iti močna gospodarska storilnost v korak s trajnostno uporabo naravnih virov in nivoji odpadkov, vzdrževanjem biotske raznovrstnosti, ohranjanjem ekosistemov in izogibanjem dezertifikaciji. Da bi se uspešno spoprijeli s temi izzivi, Evropski svet soglaša, da bi morala SKP in njen prihodnji razvoj s svojimi cilji med drugim prispevati k doseganju trajnostnega razvoja z večjim poudarkom na spodbujanju zdravih, visoko kakovostnih proizvodov, okoljsko trajnostnih proizvodnih metod, vključno z ekološko pridelavo, obnovljivimi surovinami in varstvom biotske raznovrstnosti.
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Those guiding principles were confirmed in the Lisbon strategy conclusions of the European Council of Thessaloniki ( 20 and 21 June 2003). The reformed CAP and rural development can make a key contribution to competitiveness and sustainable development in the coming years.
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Ta vodila načela so potrdili sklepi Lizbonske strategije Evropskega sveta v Solunu ( 20. in 21. junija 2003). Reformirana SKP in razvoj podeželja lahko v prihodnjih letih ključno prispevata h konkurenčnosti in trajnostnemu razvoju.
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2.2. Towards sustainable agriculture: the 2003 and 2004 CAP reforms
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2.2 Na poti k trajnostnemu kmetijstvu: reformi SKP iz leta 2003 in 2004
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The 2003 and 2004 CAP reforms represent a major step forward in improving the competitiveness and sustainable development of farming activity in the EU and setting the framework for future reforms. Successive reforms have contributed to the competitiveness of European agriculture by reducing price support guarantees and encouraging structural adjustment. The introduction of decoupled direct payments encourages farmers to respond to market signals generated by consumer demand rather than by quantity-related policy incentives. The inclusion of environmental, food safety and animal health and welfare standards in cross-compliance reinforces consumer confidence and increases the environmental sustainability of farming.
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Reformi SKP iz leta 2003 in 2004 predstavljata glavni ukrep za zboljšanje konkurenčnosti in trajnostnega razvoja kmetijske dejavnosti v EU in določata okvir za prihodnje reforme. Zaporedni reformi sta prispevali h konkurenčnosti evropskega kmetijstva z zmanjšanjem garancij za zaščito cen in pospešili strukturno prilagajanje. Uvedba nevezanih neposrednih plačil spodbuja kmete, da se bolj odzivajo na tržne signale, ki jih ustvarja povpraševanje potrošnikov, kakor na spodbude politike, povezane s količino. Vključitev okoljskih standardov, standardov varnosti hrane, ter zdravja in dobrega počutja živali v navzkrižni skladnosti krepi zaupanje potrošnikov in veča okoljsko trajnost kmetovanja.
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2.3. Rural development 2007 to 2013
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2.3 Razvoj podeželja 2007–2013
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The future rural development policy focuses on three key areas: the agrifood economy, the environment and the broader rural economy and population. The new generation of rural development strategies and programmes will be built around four axes, namely: axis 1, on improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector; axis 2, on improving the environment and the countryside; axis 3, on the quality of life in rural areas and diversification of the rural economy; and axis 4, on Leader.
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Prihodnja politika razvoja podeželja se osredotoča na tri ključna področja: kmetijsko-živilsko gospodarstvo, okolje in širše podeželsko gospodarstvo ter prebivalstvo. Nova generacija strategij in programov razvoja podeželja bo oblikovana okoli štirih osi, in sicer: os 1: izboljšanje konkurenčnosti za kmetijstvo in gozdarstvo, os 2: izboljšanje okolja in krajine, os 3: o kakovosti življenja na podeželskih območjih in diverzifikacija podeželskega gospodarstva.
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Under axis 1, a range of measures will target human and physical capital in the agriculture, food and forestry sectors (promoting knowledge transfer and innovation) and quality production. Axis 2 provides measures to protect and enhance natural resources, as well as preserving highnature value farming and forestry systems and cultural landscapes in Europe’s rural areas. Axis 3 helps to develop local infrastructure and human capital in rural areas to improve the conditions for growth and job creation in all sectors and the diversification of economic activities. Axis 4, based on the Leader experience, introduces possibilities for innovative governance through locally based, bottom-up approaches to rural development.
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V osi 1 bodo številni ukrepi usmerjeni v človeški in fizični kapital v sektorjih kmetijstva, prehrane in gozdarstva (pospeševanje prenosa znanja in inovacij) in kakovosti proizvodnje. Os 2 zagotavlja ukrepe za varstvo in povečanje naravnih virov, kot tudi za ohranjanje sistemov kmetijstva in gozdarstva visoke naravne vrednosti ter kulturne krajine evropskih podeželskih območij. Os 3 pomaga pri razvoju lokalne infrastrukture in človeškega kapitala v podeželskih območjih za zboljšanje pogojev za rast in ustvarjanje delovnih mest v vseh sektorjih in za diverzifikacijo gospodarskih dejavnosti. Os 4, ki temelji na izkušnjah Leader, uvaja možnosti za inovativno upravljanje prek lokalnih pristopov k razvoju podeželja od spodaj navzgor.
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2.4. Meeting the challenges
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2.4 Obvladovanje izzivov
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Rural areas are characterised by a very large diversity of situations, ranging from remote rural areas suffering from depopulation and decline to peri-urban areas under increasing pressure from urban centres.
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Za podeželska območja je značilna velika raznolikost razmer, od oddaljenih podeželskih območij, kjer število prebivalcev upada, do perifernih urbanih območij, ki so pod vse večjim pritiskom urbanih središč.
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According to the OECD definition, which is based on population density, rural regions [2] account for 92 % of EU territory. Furthermore, 19 % of the population live in predominantly rural regions and 37 % in significantly rural regions. These regions generate 45 % of Gross Value Added (GVA) in the EU and provide 53 % of the employment, but tend to lag behind non-rural areas as regards a number of socioeconomic indicators, including structural indicators. In rural areas, per capita income is around a third less [3], activity rates for women are lower, the service sector is less developed, higher education levels are generally lower, and a smaller percentage of households has access to broadband internet. Remoteness and peripherality are major problems in some rural regions. These disadvantages tend to be even more significant in predominantly rural regions, although the general picture at EU level can vary substantially between Member States. Lack of opportunities, contacts and training infrastructure are a particular problem for women and young people in remote rural areas.
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V skladu z opredelitvijo OECD, ki temelji na gostoti prebivalstva, podeželska območja [2] predstavljajo 92 % ozemlja EU. 19 % prebivalstva živi v pretežno podeželskih regijah in 37 % v znatno podeželskih območjih. Te regije ustvarjajo 45 % bruto dodane vrednosti (BDV) v EU in zagotavljajo 53 % zaposlenosti, vendar se nagibajo k zaostajanju v primerjaci z nepodeželskimi območji glede številnih socialno-ekonomskih kazalnikov, vključno s strukturnimi kazalniki. V podeželskih območjih je prihodek na prebivalca približno za tretjino manjši [3], stopnje dejavnosti so nižje pri ženskah, storitveni sektor je manj razvit, visokošolske izobrazbene ravni so splošno nižje in odstotek gospodinjstev s širokopasovnim dostopom do interneta je manjši. Oddaljenost in perifernost sta glavna problema v nekaterih podeželskih regijah. Te pomanjkljivosti so še večje v pretežno podeželskih regijah, čeprav se lahko splošna slika na ravni EU med državami članicami znatno razlikuje. Pomanjkanje priložnosti, stikov in izobraževalne infrastrukture so posebej problem za ženske in mlade v oddaljenih podeželskih območjih.
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Enlargement has changed the agricultural map. In the old Member States agriculture accounts for 2 % of GDP, in the new Member States for 3 % and in Romania and Bulgaria for more than 10 %. In the new Member States the employment share of agriculture is three times higher (12 %) than in the old Member States (4 %). In Bulgaria and Romania agricultural employment levels are considerably higher.
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Razširitev je spremenila kmetijski zemljevid. V starih državah članicah znaša kmetijstvo 2 % BDP, v novih državah članicah 3 % in v Romuniji in Bolgariji več kot 10 %. V novih državah članicah je delež zaposlenih v kmetijstvu trikrat večji (12 %) kakor v starih državah članicah (4 %). V Bolgariji in Romuniji je stopnja zaposlenosti v kmetijstvu precej višja.
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The combined agricultural and food sector forms an important part of the EU economy, accounting for 15 million jobs (8,3 % of total employment) and 4,4 % of GDP. The EU is the world’s largest producer of food and beverages, with combined production estimated at EUR 675 billion. However, the sector remains highly polarised and fragmented in terms of size, with significant opportunities and threats for firms. Forestry and related industries employ around 3,4 million people with a turnover of EUR 350 billion, but only 60 % of annual forest growth is currently exploited.
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Kombinirani kmetijski in živilski sektor predstavlja pomemben del gospodarstva EU in ponuja 15 milijonov delovnih mest (8,3 % vseh delovnih mest) in 4,4 % BDP. EU je največja svetovna proizvajalka hrane in pijač s kombinirano proizvodnjo, ocenjeno na 675 milijard EUR. Vendar ostaja sektor visoko polariziran in razdrobljen glede na velikost z znatnimi možnostmi in grožnjami za podjetja. Gozdarstvo in z njim povezane panoge zaposlujejo okrog 3,4 milijone ljudi s prometom 350 milijard EUR, vendar se trenutno izkorišča le 60 % letne gozdne rasti.
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Agriculture and forestry represent 77 % of land use in the EU. The environmental performance of agriculture in the preservation and enhancement of natural resources in recent years has been mixed. As regards water quality, total nitrogen surplus has declined slightly since 1990 in most of the old Member States, although some countries and regions still experience significant nutrient leaching pressures. Problems of ammonia emissions, eutrophication, soil degradation and decline in biodiversity persist in many areas. However, an increasing share of agricultural area is devoted to organic production (5,4 million hectares in the EU) and renewable resources (an estimated 1,4 million hectares was used for bioenergy production in 2004, of which 0,3 million hectares under the energy crop premium and 0,6 million hectares on set-aside land). Long-term trends in climate change will increasingly shape farming and forestry patterns. There have been advances in the protection of biodiversity with the implementation of Natura 2000 — around 12-13 % of agricultural and forestry area has been designated. High nature value farming systems play an important role in preserving biodiversity and habitats, as well as in landscape protection and soil quality. In most Member States, these farming systems account for between 10 % and 30 % of the agricultural area. In some areas the abandonment of farming could engender serious environmental risks.
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Kmetijstvo in gozdarstvo predstavljata 77 % rabe zemljišč v EU. Okoljska uspešnost kmetijstva pri ohranjanju in povečevanju naravnih virov je v zadnjih letih raznovrstna. Glede kakovosti vode je skupni presežek dušika od 1990 rahlo upadel v večini starih držav članic, čeprav so nekatere države in regije še vedno deležne znatnega pritiska spiranja hranil. V številnih območjih še trajajo problemi emisij amoniaka, evtrofikacije, slabšanja tal in zmanjšanja biotske raznovrstnosti. Vendar se vedno večji del kmetijskih zemljišč namenja ekološki pridelavi (5,4 milijonov hektarov v EU) in obnovljivim virom (ocenjenih 1,4 milijonov hektarov se je v letu 2004 porabilo za bioenergetsko proizvodnjo, od tega 0,3 milijonov hektarov za premijo za energetske pridelke in 0,6 milijonov hektarov za praho). Dolgoročna gibanja v podnebnih spremembah bodo imela vedno večji vpliv na obliko vzorcev kmetovanja in gozdarstva. Zaščita biotske raznovrstnosti je z izvajanjem Nature 2000 napredovala – določenih je bilo okrog 12–13 % kmetijskih in gozdnih zemljišč. Kmetijski sistemi visoke naravne vrednosti imajo pomembno vlogo pri ohranjanju biotske raznovrstnosti in habitatov ter prav tako pri varstvu krajine in kakovosti tal. V večini držav članic ti sistemi kmetovanja predstavljajo med 10 in 30 % kmetijskih zemljišč. V nekaterih območjih bi lahko opuščanje kmetovanja predstavljalo resno okoljsko tveganje.
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Rural areas therefore face particular challenges as regards growth, jobs and sustainability in the coming years. But they offer real opportunities in terms of their potential for growth in new sectors, the provision of rural amenities and tourism, their attractiveness as a place in which to live and work, and their role as a reservoir of natural resources and highly valued landscapes.
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Podeželska območja se tako soočajo zlasti z izzivi v zvezi z rastjo, delovnimi mesti in trajnostjo v prihodnjih letih. Vendar ponujajo realne možnosti glede potenciala za rast v novih sektorjih, zagotavljanja razvedrilnih dejavnosti na podeželju in turizma, privlačnosti kot kraja za življenje in delo ter njihove vloge kot rezervoarja naravnih virov in visoko cenjene krajine.
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The agricultural and food sectors must seize the opportunities offered by new approaches, technologies and innovation to meet evolving market demand both in Europe and globally. Above all, investment in the key resource of human capital will allow rural areas and the agrifood sector to look to the future with confidence.
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Kmetijski in živilski sektor morata izkoristiti priložnosti, ki jih ponujajo novi pristopi, tehnologije in inovacije, da bosta izpolnila naraščajoče povpraševanje trga v Evropi in svetu. Predvsem pa bo vlaganje v ključni vir, človeški kapital, omogočilo podeželskim območjem in kmetijsko-živilskemu sektorju samozavesten pogled v prihodnost.
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On the occasion of the relaunch of the Lisbon strategy, the European Council has reaffirmed that the Lisbon strategy is to be seen in the wider context of sustainable development requirement that present needs must be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs [4]. The new programming period provides a unique opportunity to refocus support from the new EAFRD on growth, jobs and sustainability. In this respect, it is fully in line with the Declaration on the Guiding Principles for Sustainable Development [5] and the renewed Lisbon Action Programme which seeks to target resources at making Europe a more attractive place in which to invest and work, promoting knowledge and innovation for growth and creating more and better jobs.
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Ob ponovnem lansiranju Lizbonske strategije je Evropski svet znova potrdil, da je potrebno na Lizbonsko strategijo gledati v širšem kontekstu trajnostnega razvoja, da je potrebno sedanje potrebe zadovoljiti, ne da bi ogrozili možnosti prihodnjih generacij, da bi izpolnile svoje lastne potrebe [4]. Novo programsko obdobje zagotavlja edinstveno priložnost za ponovno osredotočenje podpore iz novega EKSRP na rast, delovna mesta in trajnost. V tem smislu je povsem v skladu z Deklaracijo o vodilnih načelih trajnostnega razvoja [5] in s prenovljenim lizbonskim akcijskim programom, ki skuša določiti ciljne vire, s katerimi bi naredili Evropo privlačnejšo za naložbe in delo, pospeševali znanje in inovacije za rast in ustvarili več in boljša delovna mesta.
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Rural development policy must help rural areas meet these objectives in the period 2007 to 2013. This requires a more strategic approach to competitiveness, job creation and innovation in rural areas and improved governance in the delivery of programmes. There must be an increased focus on forward-looking investments in people, know-how and capital in the farm and forestry sectors, on new ways of delivering win-win environmental services and on creating more and better jobs through diversification, particularly for women and young people. By helping the EU’s rural areas to fulfil their potential as attractive places in which to invest, work and live, rural development policy can play its part in the sustainable development of Europe’s territory.
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Politika razvoja podeželja mora podeželskim območjem pomagati, da izpolnijo te cilje v obdobju 2007–2013. To zahteva bolj strateški pristop h konkurenčnosti, ustvarjanju delovnih mest in inovativnosti v podeželskih območjih ter boljše upravljanje izvedbe programov. Potrebna je večja osredotočenost na v prihodnost usmerjene naložbe v ljudi, znanje in izkušnje ter kapital v kmetijskem in gozdarskem sektorju, na nove načine izvajanja okoljskih storitev, koristnih za vse, in ustvarjanje več in boljših delovnih mest z diverzifikacijo, zlasti za ženske in mlade. S tem ko politika razvoja podeželja pomaga podeželskim območjem EU, da izpolnjujejo svoj potencial kot privlačen kraj za naložbe, delo in življenje, lahko prispeva k trajnostnemu razvoju evropskega ozemlja.
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3. SETTING THE COMMUNITY’S PRIORITIES FOR THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMING PERIOD 2007 TO 2013
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3. DOLOČITEV PREDNOSTNIH NALOG SKUPNOSTI ZA RAZVOJ PODEŽELJA V PROGRAMSKEM OBDOBJU 2007–2013
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Within the framework of the objectives established in Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005, the strategic guidelines set out below identify priorities for the Community in accordance with Article 9 thereof. The guidelines aim at the integration of major policy priorities as spelt out in the conclusions of the Lisbon and Göteborg European Councils. For each set of priorities, illustrative key actions are presented. On the basis of these strategic guidelines, each Member State will prepare its national strategy plan as the reference framework for the preparation of rural development programmes.
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V okviru ciljev, vzpostavljenih v Uredbi (ES) št. 1698/2005, spodaj navedene strateške smernice določajo prednostne naloge Skupnosti v skladu s členom 9 Uredbe. Smernice so namenjene vključevanju glavnih prednostnih nalog politike, opredeljenih v sklepih Evropskih svetov v Lizboni in Göteborgu. Za vsak sklop prednostnih nalog so predstavljeni ponazorilni ključni ukrepi. Na podlagi teh strateških smernic države članice pripravijo svoje nacionalne strateške načrte, ki predstavljajo referenčni okvir za pripravo programov razvoja podeželja.
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The resources devoted to the Community rural development priorities (within the regulatory minimum funding limits for each axis) will depend on the specific situation, strengths, weaknesses and opportunities of each programme area. Each of the Community priorities, and their contribution to the Lisbon and Göteborg objectives, will need to be reflected at Member State level in the national strategy plan and the rural development programmes. In many cases, there will be national or regional priorities for specific problems related to the agrifood chain or the environmental, climatic and geographical situation of agriculture and forestry. Rural areas may have to deal with other specific issues such as peri-urban pressure, unemployment, remoteness or low population density.
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Viri, namenjeni prednostnim nalogam razvoja podeželja Skupnosti (v okviru predpisanih minimalnih mej financiranja za vsako os), bodo odvisni od posebnega položaja, prednosti, slabosti in možnosti vsakega programskega območja. Vsako od prednostnih nalog Skupnosti in njen prispevek k ciljem iz Lizbone in Göteborga bo potrebno na ravni države članice prenesti v nacionalni strateški načrt ter programe razvoja podeželja. V številnih primerih bodo nacionalne ali regionalne prednostne naloge določene za posebne probleme, povezane s kmetijsko-živilsko verigo ali okoljskim, podnebnim in geografskim položajem kmetijstva in gozdarstva. Podeželska območja se bodo morda morala ukvarjati z drugimi posebnimi vprašanji, kot so periferni urbani pritisk, nezaposlenost, oddaljenost ali nizka gostota prebivalstva.
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3.1. Improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector
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3.1 Zboljšanje konkurenčnosti kmetijskega in gozdarskega sektorja
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Community strategic guideline
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Strateška smernica Skupnosti
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Europe’s agricultural, forestry and food-processing sectors have great potential to further develop high-quality and value-added products that meet the diverse and growing demand of Europe’s consumers and world markets.
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Evropsko kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in živilskopridelovalni sektor imajo velik potencial za nadaljnji razvoj proizvodov visoke kakovosti in z dodano vrednostjo, ki bodo izpolnjevali raznoliko in naraščajoče povpraševanje evropskih potrošnikov in svetovnih trgov.
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The resources devoted to axis 1 should contribute to a strong and dynamic European agrifood sector by focusing on the priorities of knowledge transfer, modernisation, innovation and quality in the food chain, and on priority sectors for investment in physical and human capital.
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Viri, namenjeni osi 1, morajo prispevati k močnemu in dinamičnemu evropskemu kmetijsko-živilskemu sektorju z osredotočenjem na prednostne naloge prenosa znanja, modernizacije, inovacij in kakovosti v prehransko verigo in prednostne sektorje za naložbe v fizični in človeški kapital.
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In order to meet these priorities, Member States are encouraged to focus support on key actions. Such key actions could include:
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Za izpolnitev teh prednostnih nalog se države članice spodbudi, da podporo osredotočijo na ključne ukrepe. Taki ključni ukrepi lahko vključujejo:
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(i) restructuring and modernisation of the agriculture sector, which continue to play an important role in the development of many rural areas, particularly in the new Member States. Successful agricultural adjustment can be the key to improving the competitiveness and environmental sustainability of the agricultural sector and boosting jobs and growth in related areas of the economy. This includes promoting the anticipation of change within the agricultural sector in the context of restructuring and modernisation and developing a proactive approach to training and retraining farmers, particularly as regards transferable skills;
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(i) prestrukturiranje in modernizacijo kmetijskega sektorja, ki še naprej igrata pomembno vlogo v razvoju številnih podeželskih območij, zlasti v novih državah članicah. Uspešna kmetijska prilagoditev je lahko ključna za zboljšanje konkurenčnosti in okoljske trajnosti kmetijskega sektorja in večanje delovnih mest in rasti v sorodnih področjih gospodarstva. To vključuje spodbujanje pričakovanih sprememb v kmetijskem sektorju v okviru prestrukturiranja in modernizacije ter razvoja proaktivnega pristopa k usposabljanju in preusposabljanju kmetov, zlasti glede prenosljivih znanj;
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(ii) improving integration in the agrifood chain. Europe’s food industry is one of the world’s most competitive and innovative, but it is facing increasing global competition. There is considerable scope in the rural economy to create and market new products, to retain more value in rural areas through quality schemes and to raise the profile of European products overseas. The use of advisory services and support to meet Community standards will contribute to this integration process. A market-oriented agricultural sector will help further consolidate the position of Europe’s agrifood sector as a major employer and source of economic growth;
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(ii) zboljšanje vključevanja v kmetijsko-živilsko verigo. Evropska živilska industrija je ena najbolj konkurenčnih in inovativnih na svetu, vendar se sooča z naraščajočo svetovno konkurenco. V podeželskem gospodarstvu je dovolj prostora za ustvarjanje in trženje novih proizvodov, za ohranitev večje vrednosti v podeželskih območjih s shemami kakovosti in za dvig profila evropskih proizvodov v čezmorskih območjih. Uporaba svetovalnih storitev in podpore pri doseganju standardov Skupnosti bo prispevala k temu procesu vključevanja. Tržno usmerjeni kmetijski sektor bo pripomogel k nadaljnji utrditvi položaja evropskega kmetijsko-živilskega sektorja kot glavnega delodajalca in vira gospodarske rasti;
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(iii) facilitating innovation and access to research and development (R & D). Innovation is increasingly important for Europe’s farming, agrifood and forestry sectors. While Europe’s large agrifood companies are often at the cutting edge of new trends, the introduction of new products and processes could significantly contribute to the performance of smaller processors and farm businesses. In particular, new forms of cooperation could facilitate access to R & D, innovation and actions undertaken under the Seventh Framework Programme [6];
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(iii) olajšanje inovativnosti in dostopa do raziskav in razvoja (R&R). Inovativnost je vse bolj pomembna za evropski kmetijski, kmetijsko-živilski in gozdarski sektor. Čeprav so velike evropske kmetijsko-živilske družbe pogosto vodilne pri novih trendih, bi lahko uvedba novih proizvodov in procesov znatno prispevala k uspešnosti manjših predelovalcev in kmetij. Zlasti nove oblike sodelovanja bi olajšale dostop do R&R, inovacij in ukrepov, sprejetih na podlagi 7. okvirnega programa [6];
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(iv) encouraging the take-up and diffusion of information and communications technologies (ICT). The agrifood sector as a whole has been identified as lagging behind in the take-up of ICT technologies. This is particularly the case for smaller businesses. Adoption of e-business applications is still at a low level outside of large multinationals and their larger suppliers. Rural development funds should complement future Commission initiatives such as i2010 in the fields of e-business (particularly in relation to small and medium-sized enterprises), e-skills and e-learning;
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(iv) spodbujanje prevzema in razširitve informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij (IKT). Ugotovljeno je, da kmetijsko-živilski sektor kot celota zaostaja pri prevzemanju IKT tehnologij. To velja zlasti za manjša podjetja. Sprejemanje aplikacij e-poslovanja je zunaj velikih multinacionalnih podjetij in njihovih večjih dobaviteljev še vedno na nizki ravni. Skladi za razvoj podeželja morajo dopolnjevati prihodnje pobude Komisije, kot je i2010 na področjih e-poslovanja (zlasti v zvezi z malimi in srednje velikimi podjetji), e-znanj in e-učenja;
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(v) fostering dynamic entrepreneurship. The recent reforms have created a market-oriented environment for European farming. This brings new opportunities for farm businesses. But the realisation of this economic potential will depend on the development of strategic and organisational skills. Encouraging the entry of young farmers into the profession can play an important role in this respect;
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(v) pospeševanje dinamičnega podjetništva. Nedavne reforme so ustvarile tržno usmerjeno okolje za evropsko kmetijstvo. To prinaša nove možnosti za kmetijska podjetja. A uresničitev tega gospodarskega potenciala bo odvisna od razvoja strateških in organizacijskih sposobnosti. Spodbujanje vključevanja mladih kmetov v poklic lahko pri tem igra pomembno vlogo;
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(vi) developing new outlets for agricultural and forestry products. New outlets can offer higher value added, in particular for quality products. Support for investment and training in the field of non-food production under rural development can complement measures taken under the first pillar by creating innovative new outlets for production or helping the development of renewable energy materials, biofuels and processing capacity;
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(vi) razvoj novih trgov za kmetijske in gozdarske proizvode. Novi trgi lahko ponudijo višjo dodano vrednost, zlasti za kakovostne proizvode. Podpora za naložbe in usposabljanje na področju neživilske proizvodnje v razvoju podeželja lahko dopolni ukrepe, sprejete v okviru prvega stebra, z ustvarjanjem inovativnih novih trgov za proizvodnjo ali s pomočjo pri razvoju obnovljivih energetskih materialov, biogoriv ter predelovalnih zmogljivosti;
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(vii) improving the environmental performance of farms and forestry. Long-term sustainability will depend on the ability to produce products that consumers wish to buy, while achieving high environmental standards. Investing in increased environmental performance can also lead to efficiency gains in production, creating a win-win situation.
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(vii) zboljšanje okoljske uspešnosti kmetij in gozdarstva. Dolgoročna trajnost bo odvisna od sposobnosti za proizvodnjo proizvodov, ki jih potrošniki želijo kupiti, ob doseganju visokih okoljskih standardov. Vlaganje v večjo okoljsko uspešnost lahko vodi tudi v zboljšanje učinkovitosti v proizvodnji, ustvarjanje položaja, koristnega za vse;
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To enhance generational renewal in agriculture, combinations of measures available under axis 1, tailored to the needs of young farmers, may be considered.
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Za povečanje generacijske pomladitve v kmetijstvu se lahko upoštevajo kombinacije ukrepov, ki so na voljo v okviru osi 1, prilagojene potrebam mladih kmetov.
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3.2. Improving the environment and the countryside
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3.2 Zboljšanje okolja in podeželja
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Community strategic guideline
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Strateška smernica Skupnosti
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To protect and enhance the EU’s natural resources and landscapes in rural areas, the resources devoted to axis 2 should contribute to three EU-level priority areas: biodiversity and the preservation and development of high nature value farming and forestry systems and traditional agricultural landscapes; water; and climate change.
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Za varstvo in povečanje naravnih virov EU in krajine podeželskih območij, morajo viri, namenjeni osi 2, prispevati k trem prednostnim področjem na ravni EU: biotski raznovrstnosti in ohranjanju ter razvoju sistemov kmetijstva in gozdarstva visoke naravne vrednosti in tradicionalnih kmetijskih krajinah, vodi in podnebnim spremembam.
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The measures available under axis 2 should be used to integrate these environmental objectives and contribute to the implementation of the agricultural and forestry Natura 2000 network, to the Göteborg commitment to reverse biodiversity decline by 2010, to the objectives laid down in Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy [7], and to the Kyoto Protocol targets for climate change mitigation.
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Ukrepi, ki so na voljo v okviru osi 2, se morajo uporabiti za vključitev teh okoljskih ciljev in prispevati k izvajanju kmetijske in gozdarske mreže Natura 2000, k zavezi iz Göteborga za zaustavitev upadanja biotske raznovrstnosti do leta 2010, k ciljem Direktive 2000/60/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 23. oktobra 2000 o določitvi okvira za ukrepe Skupnosti na področju vodne politike [7] in Kjotskega protokola za ublažitev podnebnih sprememb.
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In order to meet these priorities, Member States are encouraged to focus support on key actions. Such key actions could include:
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Za izpolnitev teh prednostnih nalog se države članice spodbudi, da podporo osredotočijo na ključne ukrepe. Taki ključni ukrepi lahko vključujejo:
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(i) promoting environmental services and animal-friendly farming practices. European citizens expect farmers to respect mandatory standards. But many also agree that farmers should be remunerated for signing up to commitments which go further, delivering services that the market will not provide alone, particularly when focused on specific resources of particular importance in the context of agriculture and forestry, such as water and soil;
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(i) pospeševanje okoljskih storitev in živalim prijaznih kmetijskih praks. Evropski državljani pričakujejo od kmetov, da bodo spoštovali obvezne standarde. Številni pa tudi soglašajo, da bi bilo potrebno kmete nagraditi, če prevzamejo zaveze, ki gredo še dlje, in opravljajo storitve, ki jih trg sam ne bi zagotovil, zlasti kadar zadevajo posebne vire izjemnega pomena v okviru kmetijstva in gozdarstva, kot sta voda in tla;
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(ii) preserving the farmed landscape and forests. In Europe, much of the valued rural environment is the product of agriculture. Sustainable land management practices can help reduce risks linked to abandonment, desertification and forest fires, particularly in less-favoured areas. Appropriate farming systems help to preserve landscapes and habitats ranging from wetlands to dry meadows and mountain pastures. In many areas, this is an important part of the cultural and natural heritage and of the overall attractiveness of rural areas as places in which to live and work;
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(ii) ohranjanje obdelovalne krajine in gozdov. V Evropi je večina pomembnega podeželskega okolja produkt kmetijstva. Trajnostne prakse upravljanja zemljišč lahko pomagajo pri zmanjševanju tveganj, ki so povezana z opuščanjem, dezertifikacijo in gozdnimi požari, zlasti na območjih z omejenimi možnostmi. Ustrezni sistemi kmetovanja pomagajo ohranjati krajino in habitate, ki obsegajo vse od močvirij do suhih travnikov in gorskih pašnikov. V številnih območjih je to pomemben del kulturne in naravne dediščine in privlačnosti podeželskih območij kot krajev za življenje in delo;
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(iii) combating climate change. Agriculture and forestry are at the forefront of the development of renewable energy and material sources for bioenergy installations. Appropriate agricultural and forestry practices can contribute to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and preservation of the carbon sink effect and organic matter in soil composition, and can also help in adapting to the impacts of climate change;
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(iii) boj proti podnebnim spremembam. Kmetijstvo in gozdarstvo sta v ospredju razvoja obnovljive energije in materialnih virov za bioenergetske naprave. Ustrezne kmetijske in gozdarske prakse lahko prispevajo k zmanjšanju emisij toplogrednih plinov in ohranjanje učinka ponorov ogljika iz gozdov in organske snovi v sestavi tal ter hkrati pomagajo pri prilagoditvi na učinke podnebnih sprememb;
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(iv) consolidating the contribution of organic farming. Organic farming represents a holistic approach to sustainable agriculture. In this respect, its contribution to environmental and animal welfare objectives could be further reinforced;
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(iv) utrjevanje prispevka ekološkega kmetovanja. Ekološko kmetovanje predstavlja celovit pristop k trajnostnemu kmetijstvu. V tem smislu je mogoče nadalje okrepiti njegov prispevek k okoljskim ciljem in ciljem dobrega počutja živali;
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(v) encouraging environmental/economic win-win initiatives. The provision of environmental goods, particularly through agri-environmental measures, can contribute to the identity of rural areas and their food products. They can form a basis for growth and jobs provided through tourism and the provision of rural amenities, particularly when linked to diversification into tourism, crafts, training or the non-food sector;
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(v) spodbujanje okoljskih/gospodarskih pobud, koristnih za vse. Zagotavljanje okoljskih dobrin, zlasti s kmetijsko-okoljskimi ukrepi, lahko prispeva k istovetnosti podeželskih območij in njihovih živilskih proizvodov. Tvorijo lahko osnovo za rast in delovna mesta, ki jih ustvarjata turizem in zagotavljanje razvedrilnih dejavnosti na podeželju, zlasti kadar so povezane z diverzifikacijo v turističnem, obrtnem, izobraževalnem ali neživilskem sektorju;
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(vi) promoting territorial balance. Rural development programmes can make a vital contribution to the attractiveness of rural areas. They can also help ensure that in a competitive, knowledge-based economy, a sustainable balance between urban and rural areas is maintained. In combination with other programme axes, land management measures can make a positive contribution to the spatial distribution of economic activity and territorial cohesion.
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(vi) pospeševanje ozemeljskega ravnotežja. Programi razvoja podeželja lahko bistveno prispevajo k privlačnosti podeželskih območij. Lahko tudi pomagajo zagotoviti, da se v konkurenčnem, na znanju temelječem gospodarstvu ohranja trajnostno ravnotežje med urbanimi in podeželskimi območji. V kombinaciji z drugimi programskimi osmi lahko ukrepi upravljanja zemljišč pozitivno prispevajo k prostorski razporeditvi gospodarske dejavnosti in ozemeljske kohezije.
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3.3. Improving the quality of life in rural areas and encouraging diversification of the rural economy
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3.3 Zboljšanje kakovosti življenja v podeželskih območjih in spodbujanje diverzifikacije podeželskega gospodarstva
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Community strategic guideline
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Strateška smernica Skupnosti
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The resources devoted to the fields of diversification of the rural economy and quality of life in rural areas under axis 3 should contribute to the overarching priority of the creation of employment opportunities and conditions for growth. The range of measures available under axis 3 should in particular be used to promote capacity building, skills acquisition and organisation for local strategy development and also help ensure that rural areas remain attractive for future generations. In promoting training, information and entrepreneurship, the particular needs of women, young people and older workers should be considered.
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Viri, namenjeni področjem diverzifikacije podeželskega gospodarstva in kakovosti življenja v podeželskih območjih v okviru osi 3, morajo prispevati h glavni prednostni nalogi ustvarjanja zaposlitvenih možnosti in pogojem za rast. Vrsto ukrepov, ki so na voljo v okviru osi 3, je potrebno uporabljati zlasti za spodbujanje oblikovanja zmogljivosti, pridobivanja spretnosti in organizacije za razvoj lokalne strategije, kot tudi za pomoč pri zagotavljanju, da bodo podeželska območja ostala privlačna za prihodnje generacije. Pri pospeševanju usposabljanja, informiranja in podjetništva je treba upoštevati posebne potrebe žensk, mladih in starejših delavcev.
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In order to meet these priorities, Member States are encouraged to focus support on key actions. Such key actions could include:
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Za izpolnitev teh prednostnih nalog se države članice spodbudi, da podporo osredotočijo na ključne ukrepe. Taki ključni ukrepi lahko vključujejo:
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(i) raising economic activity and employment rates in the wider rural economy. Diversification is necessary for growth, employment and sustainable development in rural areas, and thereby contributes to a better territorial balance in both economic and social terms. Tourism, crafts and the provision of rural amenities are growth sectors in many regions and offer opportunities both for on-farm diversification outside agriculture and the development of micro-businesses in the broader rural economy;
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(i) dvig gospodarske dejavnosti in stopenj zaposlenosti v širšem podeželskem gospodarstvu. Diverzifikacija je potrebna za rast, zaposlovanje in trajnostni razvoj v podeželskih območjih in s tem prispeva k boljšemu ozemeljskemu ravnotežju v gospodarskem in socialnem smislu. Turizem, obrti in zagotavljanje razvedrilnih dejavnosti na podeželju so razvijajoči se sektorji v številnih regijah in ponujajo možnosti za diverzifikacijo na kmetiji izven kmetijstva in za razvoj mikro podjetij v širšem podeželskem gospodarstvu;
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(ii) encouraging the entry of women into the labour market. In many rural areas inadequate childcare provision creates specific barriers. Local initiatives to develop childcare facilities can facilitate access to the labour market. This can include the development of childcare infrastructure, potentially in combination with initiatives to encourage the creation of small businesses related to rural activities and local services;
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(ii) spodbujanje vstopa žensk na trg dela. V številnih podeželskih območij predstavlja neustrezno otroško varstvo posebne ovire. Lokalne pobude za razvoj ustanov za varstvo otrok lahko olajšajo dostop na trg dela. To lahko vključuje razvoj infrastrukture za varstvo otrok, potencialno v kombinaciji s pobudami za spodbujanje ustvarjanja malih podjetij, povezanih s podeželskimi dejavnostmi in lokalnimi storitvami;
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(iii) putting the heart back into villages. Integrated initiatives combining diversification, business creation, investment in cultural heritage, infrastructure for local services and renovation can contribute to improving both economic prospects and quality of life;
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(iii) vrnitev življenja v vasi. Celostne pobude, ki združujejo diverzifikacijo, ustvarjanje podjetij, investicije v kulturno dediščino, infrastrukturo za lokalne storitve in obnovo lahko prispevajo k zboljšanju gospodarskih možnosti in kakovosti življenja;
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(iv) developing micro-business and crafts, which can build on traditional skills or introduce new competencies, particularly when combined with purchase of equipment, training and coaching, thus helping to promote entrepreneurship and develop the economic fabric;
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(iv) razvoj mikro podjetij in obrti lahko temelji na tradicionalnih spretnostih ali vnaša nove usposobljenosti, zlasti v kombinaciji z nabavo opreme, usposabljanjem in poučevanjem, in s tem pomaga pospeševati podjetništvo ter razvijati gospodarske mreže;
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(v) training young people in skills needed for the diversification of the local economy, which can tap into demand for tourism, recreation, environmental services, traditional rural practices and quality products;
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(v) usposabljanje mladih za spretnosti za potrebe diverzifikacije lokalnega gospodarstva lahko pokrije povpraševanje po turizmu, rekreaciji, okoljskih storitvah, tradicionalnih podeželskih običajih in kakovostnih proizvodih;
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(vi) encouraging the take-up and diffusion of ICT. The take-up and diffusion of ICT is essential in rural areas for diversification, as well as for local development, the provision of local services and the promotion of e-inclusion. Economies of scale can be achieved through village ICT initiatives combining IT equipment, networking and e-skills training through community structures. Such initiatives can greatly facilitate IT take-up by local farms and rural businesses and the adoption of e-business and e-commerce. Full advantage needs to be taken of the possibilities afforded by the internet and broadband communications, supported for example by regional programmes under the Structural Funds, to overcome the disadvantages of location;
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(vi) spodbujanje prevzema in razširitve IKT. Prevzem in razširjanje IKT sta v podeželskih območjih bistvena za diverzifikacijo, kot tudi za lokalni razvoj, zagotavljanje lokalnih storitev in spodbujanje e-vključevanja. Ekonomije obsega se lahko doseže s pobudami IKT za vasi, ki kombinirajo opremo IT, mreženje in usposabljanje za e-znanja v okviru struktur skupnosti. Take pobude lahko zelo olajšajo prevzem IT s strani lokalnih kmetij in podeželskih podjetij in sprejetje e-poslovanja in e-trgovanja. Za premagovanje slabih strani neugodne lege je potrebno v celoti izkoristiti možnosti, ki jih ponujajo internet in širokopasovne komunikacije, podprte na primer z regionalnimi programi v okviru strukturnih skladov;
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(vii) developing the provision and innovative use of renewable energy sources, which can contribute to creating new outlets for agricultural and forestry products, the provision of local services and the diversification of the rural economy;
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(vii) razvoj zagotavljanja in inovativne uporabe obnovljivih virov energije lahko prispeva k ustvarjanju novih trgov za kmetijske in gozdarske proizvode, zagotavljanju lokalnih storitev in diverzifikaciji podeželskega gospodarstva;
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(viii) encouraging the development of tourism. Tourism is a major growth sector in many rural areas and can build on cultural and natural heritage. Increased use of ICT in tourism for bookings, promotion, marketing, service design and recreational activities can help improve visitor numbers and lengths of stays, particularly where this provides links to smaller facilities and encourages agri-tourism;
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(viii) spodbujanje razvoja turizma. Turizem je glavni sektor rasti v številnih podeželskih območjih in lahko oblikuje kulturno in naravno dediščino. Povečana uporaba IKT v turizmu za rezervacije, promocijo, trženje, oblikovanje storitev in rekreacijske dejavnosti lahko pomaga povečati število obiskovalcev in dolžino bivanja, zlasti kadar zagotavlja povezave na manjše infrastrukture in spodbuja kmečki turizem;
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(ix) upgrading local infrastructure, particularly in the new Member States. Significant investment will be undertaken in major telecommunications, transport, energy and water infrastructure over the coming years. Considerable support will be available from the Structural Funds, ranging from trans-European networks to the development of connections to business or science parks. For the multiplier effect to be fully realised in terms of jobs and growth, small-scale local infrastructure, supported within rural development programmes, can play a vital role in connecting these major investments to local strategies for the diversification and development of agricultural and food-sector potential.
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(ix) zboljšanje lokalne infrastrukture, zlasti v novih državah članicah. V prihodnjih letih bodo izvedena večja vlaganja v glavne telekomunikacijske, transportne, energetske in vodne infrastrukture. Znatna podpora bo na voljo iz strukturnih skladov, od vseevropskih omrežij do razvoja povezav do poslovnih ali znanstvenih parkov. Za celotno uresničitev multiplikacijskega učinka pri delovnih mestih in rasti ima lahko mala lokalna infrastruktura, podprta v okviru programov za razvoj podeželja, bistveno vlogo pri povezovanju teh glavnih naložb z lokalnimi strategijami za diverzifikacijo in razvoj potenciala kmetijskega in živilskega sektorja.
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3.4. Building local capacity for employment and diversification
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3.4 Gradnja lokalnih zmogljivosti za zaposlovanje in diverzifikacijo
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Community strategic guideline
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Strateška smernica Skupnosti
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The resources devoted to axis 4 (Leader) should contribute to the priorities of axes 1 and 2, and in particular of axis 3, but also play an important role in the horizontal priority of improving governance and mobilising the endogenous development potential of rural areas.
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Viri, namenjeni osi 4 (Leader), morajo prispevati k prednostnim nalogam osi 1 in 2 in zlasti osi 3, in imeti tudi pomembno vlogo pri horizontalni prednostni nalogi zboljšanja upravljanja in sprostitve endogenega razvojnega potenciala podeželskih območij.
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Support under axis 4 offers the possibility, in the context of a community-led local development strategy building on local needs and strengths, to combine all three objectives — competitiveness, environment and quality of life/diversification. Integrated approaches involving farmers, foresters and other rural actors can safeguard and enhance the local natural and cultural heritage, raise environmental awareness, and invest in and promote specialty products, tourism and renewable resources and energy.
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Podpora na podlagi osi 4 ponuja možnost, da se v okviru strategije lokalnega razvoja, ki jo vodi Skupnost in temelji na lokalnih potrebah in prednostih, kombinirajo vsi trije cilji – konkurenčnost, okolje in kakovost življenja/diverzifikacija. Celostni pristopi, ki vključujejo kmete, gozdarje in druge akterje na podeželju, lahko varujejo in poudarjajo lokalno naravno in kulturno dediščino, dvignejo okoljsko ozaveščenost in vlagajo v posebne proizvode, turizem in obnovljive vire in energijo ter jih spodbujajo.
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In order to meet these priorities, Member States are encouraged to focus support on key actions. Such key actions could include:
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Za izpolnitev teh prednostnih nalog se države članice spodbudi, da podporo osredotočijo na ključne ukrepe. Taki ključni ukrepi lahko vključujejo:
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(i) building local partnership capacity, animation and promoting skills acquisition, which can help mobilise local potential;
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(i) gradnjo zmogljivosti lokalnega partnerstva, spodbujanje in pridobitev promocijskih znanj lahko pomagajo sprostiti lokalni potencial;
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(ii) promoting private-public partnership. In particular, Leader will continue to play an important role in encouraging innovative approaches to rural development and bringing the private and public sectors together;
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(ii) spodbujanje javno-zasebnih partnerstev. Zlasti Leader bo imel še naprej pomembno vlogo pri spodbujanju inovativnih pristopov k razvoju podeželja in združevanju zasebnega in javnega sektorja;
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(iii) promoting cooperation and innovation. Local initiatives such as Leader and support for diversification can play an essential role in connecting people to new ideas and approaches, encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship, and can promote inclusiveness and the provision of local services. On-line communities can help in the dissemination of knowledge, the exchange of good practices and innovation in rural products and services;
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(iii) spodbujanje sodelovanja in inovativnosti. Lokalne pobude, kot sta Leader in podpora za diverzifikacijo, imajo lahko bistveno vlogo pri povezovanju ljudi z novimi idejami in pristopi, spodbujanju inovativnosti in podjetništva ter pospeševanju vključenosti in zagotavljanjem lokalnih storitev. Spletne skupnosti lahko pomagajo pri razširjanju znanja, izmenjavi dobrih praks in inovativnosti pri podeželskih proizvodih in storitvah;
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(iv) improving local governance. Leader can help foster innovative approaches to linking agriculture, forestry and the local economy, thereby helping to diversify the economic base and strengthen the socioeconomic fabric of rural areas.
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(iv) zboljšanje lokalnega upravljanja. Leader lahko pomaga pospeševati inovativne pristope s povezovanjem kmetijstva, gozdarstva in lokalnega gospodarstva in s tem pomaga razvejati gospodarsko bazo in okrepiti družbeno-gospodarsko mrežo podeželskih območij.
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3.5. Ensuring consistency in programming
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3.5 Zagotavljanje usklajenosti pri programiranju
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Community strategic guideline
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Strateška smernica Skupnosti
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In working out their national strategies, Member States should ensure that synergies between and within the axes are maximised and potential contradictions avoided. Where appropriate, they may develop integrated approaches. They will also wish to reflect on how to take into account other EU-level strategies, such as the Action Plan for Organic Food and Farming, the commitment to increased use of renewable energy resources [8], the need to develop a medium- and long-term EU strategy to combat climate change [9], and the need to anticipate the likely effects on farming and forestry, the EU Forestry Strategy and Action Plan (which can help deliver on both the growth and employment and the sustainability objectives) and the priorities set out in the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme laid down by Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council [10], particularly those priorities identified as requiring thematic environmental strategies (soil protection, protection and conservation of the marine environment, the sustainable use of pesticides, air pollution, urban environment, the sustainable use of resources, and waste recycling).
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Pri izdelavi svojih nacionalnih strategij morajo države članice zagotoviti, da bodo sinergije med osmi in znotraj njih čim večje in da se preprečijo morebitna nasprotja. Po potrebi lahko razvijejo celostne pristope. Lahko bodo tudi razmislile, kako upoštevati druge strategije na ravni EU, kot so Akcijski načrt za ekološko hrano in kmetovanje, zavezanost k povečani uporabi obnovljivih virov energije [8], potreba po razvoju srednje in dolgoročne strategije EU za boj proti podnebnim spremembam [9] ter potreba po predvidevanju verjetnih vplivov na kmetovanje in gozdarstvo, gozdarska strategija EU in akcijski načrt (ki lahko pomaga pri rasti in zaposlovanju ter trajnostnih ciljih) ter prednostne naloge iz šestega okoljskega akcijskega programa Skupnosti, kakor je opredeljen v Sklepu št. 1600/2002/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 22. julija 2002 [10], zlasti tiste prednostne naloge, ki jih zahtevajo tematske okoljske strategije (varstvo tal, varstvo in ohranitev morskih okolij, trajnostna raba pesticidov, onesnaževanje zraka, urbano okolje, trajnostna raba virov, recikliranje odpadkov).
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Several means are available at EU and Member State level to improve governance and policy delivery. Technical assistance can be used to build up European and national networks for rural development, as a platform for exchange of best practice and expertise on all aspects of policy design, management and implementation between stakeholders. Information and publicity to ensure early involvement of the different actors will need to be considered in the preparation of the national strategies and worked out for the later stages of implementation.
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Na ravni EU in ravni države članice je na voljo več sredstev za zboljšanje upravljanja in izvajanja politike. Lahko se uporabi tehnična pomoč za gradnjo evropske in nacionalne mreže za razvoj podeželja, kot platforme za izmenjavo najboljše prakse in strokovnega znanja med zainteresiranimi stranmi o vseh vidikih oblikovanja, upravljanja in izvajanja politike. Pri pripravi nacionalnih strategij bo potrebno upoštevati informacije in obveščanje javnosti za zagotovitev zgodnje vključitve različnih udeležencev in jih pripraviti za poznejše stopnje izvajanja.
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3.6. Complementarity between Community instruments
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3.6 Komplementarnost med instrumenti Skupnosti
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Community strategic guideline
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Strateška smernica Skupnosti
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The synergy between structural, employment and rural development policies needs to be encouraged. In this context, Member States should ensure complementarity and coherence between actions to be financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the Cohesion Fund, the European Social Fund, the European Fisheries Fund and the EAFRD on a given territory and in a given field of activity. The main guiding principles as regards the demarcation line and the coordination mechanisms between actions supported by the different funds should be defined in the national strategic reference framework and the national strategy plan.
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Potrebno je spodbujati sinergijo med strukturno, zaposlitveno in razvojno politiko podeželja. V tem kontekstu morajo države članice zagotoviti komplementarnost in skladnost med ukrepi, ki naj bi se financirali iz Evropskega sklada za regionalni razvoj, Kohezijskega sklada, Evropskega socialnega sklada, Evropskega sklada za ribištvo in EKSRP na danem ozemlju in danem področju dejavnosti. Glavna vodilna načela glede razmejitvene linije in koordinacijskih mehanizmov med ukrepi, ki jih podpirajo različni skladi, je treba opredeliti v nacionalnem strateškem referenčnem okviru in v nacionalnem strateškem načrtu.
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For infrastructure investments, the scale of intervention could be a guiding principle. For example, for investments in transport and other infrastructure at Member State, regional or subregional level, cohesion policy instruments would be used, while at the local level the basic services measure under axis 3 could be used, ensuring the link between local and regional levels.
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Za naložbe v infrastrukturo bi bil lahko obseg intervencij vodilno načelo . Na primer, za naložbe v transport in drugo infrastrukturo na ravni države članice, regije ali podregije bi se uporabljali instrumenti kohezijske politike, medtem ko se lahko na lokalni ravni uporablja osnovni ukrep storitev na podlagi osi 3, ki zagotavlja povezavo med lokalnimi in regionalnimi ravnmi.
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As regards the development of human capital, support under rural development would target farmers and the economic actors involved in the diversification of the rural economy. The population of rural areas could receive support as part of an integrated, bottom-up approach. Actions in these fields should be implemented in full compliance with the objectives of the European Employment Strategy, as set out in the Integrated Guidelines for Growth and Jobs, and coherent with the actions taken under the national reform programmes in the framework of the Lisbon process. The Education and Training 2010 work programme seeks to achieve the education and the training side of the Lisbon goals. Lifelong learning is at the heart of this programme and applies to all levels and types of education and training, including the agricultural, forestry and agrifood sectors.
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Za razvoj človeškega kapitala bi se podpora za razvoj podeželja usmerila na kmete in gospodarske akterje, vključene v diverzifikacijo podeželskega gospodarstva. Prebivalstvo podeželskih območij lahko dobi podporo v okviru celostnega pristopa od spodaj navzgor. Ukrepe na teh področjih je treba izvajati v popolni usklajenosti s cilji evropske strategije zaposlovanja, kot je določena v integriranih smernicah za rast in delovna mesta, in skladno z ukrepi, sprejetimi na podlagi programov nacionalnih reform v okviru lizbonskega procesa. Delovni program Izobraževanje in usposabljanje 2010 skuša doseči lizbonske cilje glede izobraževanja in usposabljanja. Vseživljenjsko učenje je bistvo tega programa in se nanaša na vse ravni in vrste izobraževanja in usposabljanja, vključno s kmetijskim, gozdarskim in kmetijsko-živilskim sektorjem.
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4. THE REPORTING SYSTEM
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4. SISTEM POROČANJA
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Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 foresees strategic monitoring of the Community and national strategies. The basis for reporting on progress will be the common framework for monitoring and evaluation, to be established in cooperation with the Member States.
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Uredba (ES) št. 1698/2005 predvideva strateško spremljanje strategije Skupnosti in nacionalnih strategij. Osnova za poročanje o napredku bo skupni okvir za spremljanje in ocenjevanje, ki bo vzpostavljen v sodelovanju z državami članicami.
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The framework will provide a limited number of common indicators and a common methodology. It will be supplemented by programme-specific indicators to reflect the character of each programme area.
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Okvir bo zagotovil omejeno število skupnih kazalnikov in skupno metodologijo. Dopolnjen bo s kazalniki, specifičnimi za program, ki bodo odražali značaj vsakega programskega območja.
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A common set of indicators will allow aggregation of outputs, results and impacts at EU level and help assess progress in achieving Community priorities. Baseline indicators defined at the start of the programming period will allow for assessment of the initial situation and form the basis for the development of the programme strategy.
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Skupni set kazalnikov bo omogočil združevanje učinkov, rezultatov in vplivov na ravni EU in pomagal oceniti napredek pri doseganju prednostnih nalog Skupnosti. Osnovni kazalniki, opredeljeni na začetku programskega obdobja, bodo omogočili ocenjevanje začetnega položaja in bodo podlaga za razvoj programske strategije.
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Evaluation activities will take place on an ongoing basis, comprising at programme level ex ante, mid-term, and ex post evaluation, as well as other evaluation activity considered useful for improving programme management and impact. These will be accompanied by thematic studies and synthesis evaluations at Community level, as well as by the activities of the European network for rural development as a platform for exchange and capacity building for evaluation in Member States. The exchange of good practices and the sharing of evaluation results can contribute significantly to the effectiveness of rural development. In this respect, the European network should play a central role in facilitating contacts.
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Ocenjevanje bo stalno in bo na programski ravni obsegalo predhodno, vmesno in naknadno ocenjevanje, kot tudi drugo ocenjevanje, ki se šteje koristno za zboljšanje upravljanja programa in njegovega učinka. Spremljale ga bodo tematske študije in sinteza ocen na ravni Skupnosti, kakor tudi dejavnosti evropskega omrežja za razvoj podeželja kot platforme za izmenjavo in oblikovanje zmogljivosti za ocenjevanje v državah članicah. Izmenjava dobrih praks in skupna uporaba rezultatov ocenjevanja lahko znatno prispevata k učinkovitosti razvoja podeželja. V tem pogledu mora imeti evropsko omrežje osrednjo vlogo pri pospeševanju stikov.
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[1] Presidency conclusions of the European Councils of Luxembourg ( 12 and 13 December 1997), Berlin ( 24 and 25 March 1999) and Brussels ( 24 and 25 October 2002).
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[1] Sklepi predsedstva Evropskega sveta v Luxembourgu ( 12. in 13. decembra 1997), Berlinu ( 24. in 25. marca 1999) in Bruslju ( 24. in 25. oktobra 2002).
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[2] The OECD definition is based on the share of population living in rural communes (i.e. with less than 150 inhabitants per km2) in a given NUTS III region. See Extended Impact Assessment — SEC(2004) 931. This is the only internationally recognised definition of rural areas. However, in some cases, it does not fully take into account the population living in more densely populated rural areas, particularly in peri-urban zones. In the context of these guidelines, it is used only for statistical and descriptive purposes.
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[2] Opredelitev OECD temelji na deležu prebivalstva, ki živi v podeželskih skupnostih (tj. z manj kot 150 prebivalcev na km2) v dani regiji NUTS III. Glej razširjeno presojo vplivov – SEK(2004) 931. To je edina mednarodno priznana opredelitev podeželskih območij. Vendar v nekaterih primerih ne upošteva v polni meri prebivalstva, ki živi v gosteje naseljenih podeželskih območjih, zlasti v perifernih urbanih območjih. V okviru teh smernic je uporabljena le za statistične in opisne namene.
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[3] As measured by GDP at purchasing power parity.
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[3] Merjeno z BDP po pariteti kupne moči.
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[4] Presidency conclusions of the European Council of Brussels ( 22 and 23 March 2005).
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[4] Sklepi predsedstva Evropskega sveta v Bruslju ( 22. in 23. marca 2005).
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[5] Presidency conclusions of the European Council of Brussels ( 16 and 17 June 2005).
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[5] Sklepi predsedstva Evropskega sveta v Bruslju ( 16. in 17. junija 2005).
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[6] The work of the Standing Committee on Agricultural Research should also be taken into account in this context.
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[6] Pri tem je treba upoštevati tudi delo Stalnega odbora za raziskave v kmetijstvu.
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[7] OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1. Directive as amended by Decision No 2455/2001/EC (OJ L 331, 15.12.2001, p. 1).
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[7] UL L 327, 22.12.2000, str. 1. Direktiva, kakor je bila spremenjena z Odločbo št. 2455/2001/ES (UL L 331, 15.12.2001, str. 1).
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[8] Presidency conclusions of the European Council of Brussels ( 25 and 26 March 2004).
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[8] Zaključki predsedstva – Evropski svet v Bruslju, 25. in 26. marca 2004.
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[9] Presidency conclusions of the European Council of Brussels ( 22 and 23 March 2005).
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[9] Zaključki predsedstva – Evropski svet v Bruslju, 22. in 23. marca 2005.
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[10] OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1.
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[10] UL L 242, 10.9.2002, str. 1.
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