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Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Direktiva 2002/91/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta
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of 16 December 2002
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z dne 16. decembra 2002
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on the energy performance of buildings
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o energetski učinkovitosti stavb
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EVROPSKI PARLAMENT IN SVET EVROPSKE UNIJE STA –
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THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
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ob upoštevanju Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti in zlasti člena 175(1) Pogodbe,
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Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 175(1) thereof,
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ob upoštevanju predloga Komisije [1],
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Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
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ob upoštevanju mnenja Ekonomsko-socialnega odbora [2],
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Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(2),
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ob upoštevanju mnenja Odbora regij [3],
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Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions(3),
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v skladu s postopkom, določenim v členu 251 Pogodbe [4],
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Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty(4),
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ob upoštevanju naslednjega:
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Whereas:
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(1) Člen 6 Pogodbe zahteva, da so zahteve glede varstva okolja vključene v opredelitvi in izvajanju politik in ukrepov Skupnosti.
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(1) Article 6 of the Treaty requires environmental protection requirements to be integrated into the definition and implementation of Community policies and actions.
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(2) Med naravne vire, na katerih preudarno in racionalno porabo opozarja člen 174 Pogodbe, so vključeni naftni derivati, zemeljski plin in trdna goriva, ki so bistveni viri energije in tudi najpomembnejši viri emisij ogljikovega dioksida.
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(2) The natural resources, to the prudent and rational utilisation of which Article 174 of the Treaty refers, include oil products, natural gas and solid fuels, which are essential sources of energy but also the leading sources of carbon dioxide emissions.
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(3) Večanje energijske učinkovitosti je pomemben del sklopa politik in ukrepov, ki so potrebni za uskladitev s Kjotskim protokolom, in morajo biti vključeno v katerikoli sklop politik zaradi izpolnjevanja nadaljnjih obvez.
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(3) Increased energy efficiency constitutes an important part of the package of policies and measures needed to comply with the Kyoto Protocol and should appear in any policy package to meet further commitments.
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(4) Uravnavanje povpraševanja po energiji je pomembno orodje, ki Skupnosti omogoča, da vpliva na svetovni energetski trg in s tem na srednjeročno in dolgoročno zanesljivost oskrbe z energijo.
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(4) Demand management of energy is an important tool enabling the Community to influence the global energy market and hence the security of energy supply in the medium and long term.
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(5) V svojih sklepih z dne 30. maja 2000 in 5. decembra 2000 je Svet potrdil akcijski načrt Komisije za energijsko učinkovitost in zahteval posebne ukrepe na področju stavb.
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(5) In its conclusions of 30 May 2000 and of 5 December 2000, the Council endorsed the Commission's action plan on energy efficiency and requested specific measures in the building sector.
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(6) Stanovanjski in terciarni sektor, katerih največji del predstavljajo stavbe, obsegata več kot 40 % končne porabe energije v Skupnosti. Ta se povečuje, kar pomeni, da se bo zaradi takšnega trenda nedvomno povečala njuna poraba energije in s tem tudi emisije ogljikovega dioksida.
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(6) The residential and tertiary sector, the major part of which is buildings, accounts for more than 40 % of final energy consumption in the Community and is expanding, a trend which is bound to increase its energy consumption and hence also its carbon dioxide emissions.
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(7) Kazati se že začenjajo nekatere pomembne koristi Direktive Sveta št. 93/76/EGS z dne 13. septembra 1993 o omejitvi emisij ogljikovega dioksida z izboljšanjem učinkovite rabe energije (SAVE) [5], ki od držav članic zahteva, da na področju stavb razvijajo, izvajajo in poročajo o programih energijske učinkovitosti. Vendar pa je potreben dopolnilni pravni instrument, ki bo določil konkretne ukrepe pri doseganju velikega neizkoriščenega potenciala energijskih prihrankov in zmanjšanju velikih razlik med rezultati držav članic na tem področju.
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(7) Council Directive 93/76/EEC of 13 September 1993 to limit carbon dioxide emissions by improving energy efficiency (SAVE)(5), which requires Member States to develop, implement and report on programmes in the field of energy efficiency in the building sector, is now starting to show some important benefits. However, a complementary legal instrument is needed to lay down more concrete actions with a view to achieving the great unrealised potential for energy savings and reducing the large differences between Member States' results in this sector.
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(8) Direktiva Sveta št. 89/106/EGS z dne 21. decembra 1988 o približevanju zakonov in drugih predpisov držav članic, ki se nanašajo na gradbene proizvode [6] zahteva, da so gradbeni objekti in njihove ogrevalne, hladilne in prezračevalne naprave projektirane in izvedene tako, da bo glede na klimatske razmere lokacije in udobje stanovalcev poraba energije, potrebna za njihovo uporabo, nizka.
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(8) Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products(6) requires construction works and their heating, cooling and ventilation installations to be designed and built in such a way that the amount of energy required in use will be low, having regard to the climatic conditions of the location and the occupants.
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(9) Ukrepi za nadaljnje izboljšanje energijske učinkovitosti stavb morajo upoštevati klimatske in lokalne pogoje ter notranjo klimo in stroškovno učinkovitost. Ne smejo biti v nasprotju z drugimi bistvenimi zahtevami glede stavb, kot so dostopnost, varčnost in namen uporabe stavbe.
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(9) The measures further to improve the energy performance of buildings should take into account climatic and local conditions as well as indoor climate environment and cost-effectiveness. They should not contravene other essential requirements concerning buildings such as accessibility, prudence and the intended use of the building.
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(10) Energijsko učinkovitost stavb je treba izračunati po metodologiji, ki se na regionalni ravni lahko razlikuje in ki poleg toplotne izolacije vključuje druge dejavnike, ki imajo vse pomembnejšo vlogo, kot so ogrevalne in klimatske naprave, uporaba obnovljivih virov energije ter zasnova stavbe. Skupen pristop k temu procesu, ki ga izvajajo usposobljeni in/ali pooblaščeni strokovnjaki, katerih neodvisnost je treba zagotoviti na podlagi objektivnih kriterijev, bo prispeval k enakim pogojem v zvezi s prizadevanji držav članic glede varčevanja z energijo v stavbah in bo morebitnim lastnikom ali uporabnikom omogočil preglednost glede energijske učinkovitosti na nepremičninskem trgu Skupnosti.
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(10) The energy performance of buildings should be calculated on the basis of a methodology, which may be differentiated at regional level, that includes, in addition to thermal insulation other factors that play an increasingly important role such as heating and air-conditioning installations, application of renewable energy sources and design of the building. A common approach to this process, carried out by qualified and/or accredited experts, whose independence is to be guaranteed on the basis of objective criteria, will contribute to a level playing field as regards efforts made in Member States to energy saving in the buildings sector and will introduce transparency for prospective owners or users with regard to the energy performance in the Community property market.
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(11) Komisijas namerava, tudi ob upoštevanju klimatskih sistemov in razsetljave, še naprej razvijati standarde, kot sta EN 832 in prEN 13790.
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(11) The Commission intends further to develop standards such as EN 832 and prEN 13790, also including consideration of air-conditioning systems and lighting.
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(12) Stavbe bodo vplivale na dolgoročno porabo energije. Zato morajo nove stavbe izpolnjevati minimalne zahteve glede energijske učinkovitosti, prilagojene lokalnim klimatskim razmeram. Najboljša praksa mora biti v tem primeru prilagojena optimalni uporabi dejavnikov, pomembnih za povečanje energijske učinkovitosti. Ker se običajno ne raziščejo vse možnosti za uporabo alternativnih sistemov oskrbe z energijo, je treba upoštevati tehnično, okoljsko in ekonomsko izvedljivost alternativnih sistemov oskrbe; to lahko naredi država članica z enkratno študijo, rezultat katere je seznam ukrepov za smotrno ravnanje z energijo glede na povprečne lokalne tržne pogoje in ob upoštevanju kriterijev stroškovne učinkovitosti. Pred začetkom gradnje se lahko zahtevajo posebne študije, če se ukrep ali ukrepi smatrajo za izvedljive.
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(12) Buildings will have an impact on long-term energy consumption and new buildings should therefore meet minimum energy performance requirements tailored to the local climate. Best practice should in this respect be geared to the optimum use of factors relevant to enhancing energy performance. As the application of alternative energy supply systems is generally not explored to its full potential, the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of alternative energy supply systems should be considered; this can be carried out once, by the Member State, through a study which produces a list of energy conservation measures, for average local market conditions, meeting cost-effectiveness criteria. Before construction starts, specific studies may be requested if the measure, or measures, are deemed feasible.
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(13) Večje prenove obstoječih stavb nad določeno velikostjo je treba obravnavati kot priložnost za sprejetje stroškovno učinkovitih ukrepov za izboljšanje energijske učinkovitosti. Večje prenove so tiste, pri katerih so skupni stroški prenove ogrodja stavbe in/ali energetskih inštalacij, kot so: ogrevanje, oskrba s toplo vodo, klimatizacija, prezračevanje in razsvetljava, večji od 25 % vrednosti stavbe brez vrednosti zemljišča, na katerem ta stoji, ali tiste, pri katerih se prenavlja več kot 25 % ogrodja stavbe.
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(13) Major renovations of existing buildings above a certain size should be regarded as an opportunity to take cost-effective measures to enhance energy performance. Major renovations are cases such as those where the total cost of the renovation related to the building shell and/or energy installations such as heating, hot water supply, air-conditioning, ventilation and lighting is higher than 25 % of the value of the building, excluding the value of the land upon which the building is situated, or those where more than 25 % of the building shell undergoes renovation.
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(14) Izboljšanje celotne energijske učinkovitosti obstoječe stavbe ne pomeni nujno popolne prenove stavbe, ampak je lahko omejeno na tiste dele, ki so najpomembnejši za njeno energijsko učinkovitost in so stroškovno učinkoviti.
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(14) However, the improvement of the overall energy performance of an existing building does not necessarily mean a total renovation of the building but could be confined to those parts that are most relevant for the energy performance of the building and are cost-effective.
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(15) Zahteve v zvezi s prenovo obstoječih stavb ne smejo biti nezdružljive z namenom uporabe, kakovostjo ali značajem stavbe. Podana morala biti možnost, da se dodatni stroški, povezani s takšno prenovo, povrnejo z večjimi prihranki energije v razumnem času glede na pričakovano tehnično življenjsko dobo investicije.
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(15) Renovation requirements for existing buildings should not be incompatible with the intended function, quality or character of the building. It should be possible to recover additional costs involved in such renovation within a reasonable period of time in relation to the expected technical lifetime of the investment by accrued energy savings.
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(16) Certifikacijski proces lahko podpirajo programi za olajšanje enakega dostopa do večje energijske učinkovitosti; le-ta bi temeljil na sporazumih med organizacijami interesnih skupin in organom, ki bi ga imenovale države članice; izvajala bi ga podjetja za energetske storitve, ki bi pristala na to, da se obvežejo izvajati opredeljene investicije. Sprejet sistem bi nadzorovale in spremljale države članice, ki bi pospeševale tudi uporabo sistemov spodbud. Izkaznica mora v kar največjem možnem obsegu opisovati dejansko energijsko učinkovitost stavbe in se lahko ustrezno revidira. Stavbe javne uprave in stavbe, v katerih se pogosto zadržuje javnost, morajo biti vzgled s tem, da se pri njih upoštevata okoljski in energetski vidik, in se zato morala zanje zahtevati redno energetsko certificiranje. Posredovanje teh informacij o energijski učinkovitosti javnosti je treba okrepiti z javnim prikazom teh energetskih izkaznic. Še več, prikaz uradno priporočenih notranjih temperatur skupaj z dejansko izmerjenimi bo ljudi odvračalo od napačne uporabe ogrevalnih, klimatskih in prezračevalnih sistemov. To bo prispevalo k izogibanju nepotrebne porabe energije in k ohranjanju prijetnih notranjih klimatske razmer (toplotno ugodje) glede na zunanjo temperaturo.
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(16) The certification process may be supported by programmes to facilitate equal access to improved energy performance; based upon agreements between organisations of stakeholders and a body appointed by the Member States; carried out by energy service companies which agree to commit themselves to undertake the identified investments. The schemes adopted should be supervised and followed up by Member States, which should also facilitate the use of incentive systems. To the extent possible, the certificate should describe the actual energy-performance situation of the building and may be revised accordingly. Public authority buildings and buildings frequently visited by the public should set an example by taking environmental and energy considerations into account and therefore should be subject to energy certification on a regular basis. The dissemination to the public of this information on energy performance should be enhanced by clearly displaying these energy certificates. Moreover, the displaying of officially recommended indoor temperatures, together with the actual measured temperature, should discourage the misuse of heating, air-conditioning and ventilation systems. This should contribute to avoiding unnecessary use of energy and to safeguarding comfortable indoor climatic conditions (thermal comfort) in relation to the outside temperature.
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(17) Države članice lahko za izboljšanje energijske učinkovitosti uporabljajo tudi druga sredstva/ukrepe, ki jih ta direktiva ne predvideva. Države članice morajo spodbujati dobro gospodarjenje z energijo ob upoštevanju intenzivnosti uporabe stavb.
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(17) Member States may also employ other means/measures, not provided for in this Directive, to encourage enhanced energy performance. Member States should encourage good energy management, taking into account the intensity of use of buildings.
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(18) V zadnjih letih smo v južnoevropskih državah priče porastu števila klimatskih sistemov. To povzroča znatne težave ob konicah porabe, kar povečuje stroške za električno energijo in moti energetsko ravnovesje v teh državah. Prednost bo treba dati strategijam, ki povečujejo energijsko učinkovitost stavb v poletnem obdobju. Zaradi tega bo treba še naprej razvijati pasivne hladilne tehnike, predvsem tiste, ki izboljšujejo notranje klimatske pogoje in mikroklimo okoli stavb.
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(18) Recent years have seen a rise in the number of air-conditioning systems in southern European countries. This creates considerable problems at peak load times, increasing the cost of electricity and disrupting the energy balance in those countries. Priority should be given to strategies which enhance the thermal performance of buildings during the summer period. To this end there should be further development of passive cooling techniques, primarily those that improve indoor climatic conditions and the microclimate around buildings.
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(19) Redno vzdrževanje kotlov in klimatskih sistemov s strani usposobljenega osebja prispeva skladno s tehničnimi specifikacijami k ohranjanju njihove pravilne nastavitve in na ta način zagotavlja optimalno delovanje z okoljskega, varnostnega in energetskega vidika. Neodvisna ocena celotne ogrevalne napeljave je primerna, kadar bi lahko razmislili o zamenjavi na podlagi stroškovne učinkovitosti.
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(19) Regular maintenance of boilers and of air-conditioning systems by qualified personnel contributes to maintaining their correct adjustment in accordance with the product specification and in that way will ensure optimal performance from an environmental, safety and energy point of view. An independent assessment of the total heating installation is appropriate whenever replacement could be considered on the basis of cost-effectiveness.
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(20) Zaračunavanje stroškov ogrevanja, klimatizacije in tople vode stanovalcem stavb, izračunanih sorazmerno z dejansko porabo, lahko prispeva k varčevanju z energijo v stanovanjskem sektorju. Stanovalci morajo imeti možnost uravnavati svojo porabo toplote in tople vode, če so ti ukrepi stroškovno učinkoviti.
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(20) The billing, to occupants of buildings, of the costs of heating, air-conditioning and hot water, calculated in proportion to actual consumption, could contribute towards energy saving in the residential sector. Occupants should be enabled to regulate their own consumption of heat and hot water, in so far as such measures are cost effective.
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(21) Skladno z načeloma subsidiarnosti in sorazmernosti, določenima v členu 5 Pogodbe, je treba splošna načela, ki bi predvidevajo sistem zahtev glede energijske učinkovitosti in njihove cilje, uvesti na ravni Skupnosti, podrobno izvajanje pa je treba prepustiti državam članicam, kar vsaki omogoča, da izbere režim, ki najbolje ustreza njenim posebnim razmeram. Direktiva se omejuje na minimum, ki je potreben za doseganje teh ciljev, in ne presega tega, kar je za to potrebno.
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(21) In accordance with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty, general principles providing for a system of energy performance requirements and its objectives should be established at Community level, but the detailed implementation should be left to Member States, thus allowing each Member State to choose the regime which corresponds best to its particular situation. This Directive confines itself to the minimum required in order to achieve those objectives and does not go beyond what is necessary for that purpose.
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(22) Poskrbeti je treba, da se omogoči hitro prilagajanje metodologije izračunov in da imajo države članice glede na tehnični napredek, med drugim v zvezi z izolacijskimi lastnostmi (ali kakovostjo) gradbenih materialov, in glede na prihodnji razvoj standardizacije možnost redno preverjati minimalne zahteve na področju energijske učinkovitosti stavb.
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(22) Provision should be made for the possibility of rapidly adapting the methodology of calculation and of Member States regularly reviewing minimum requirements in the field of energy performance of buildings with regard to technical progress, inter alia, as concerns the insulation properties (or quality) of the construction material, and to future developments in standardisation.
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(23) Ukrepe, potrebne za izvajanje te direktive, je treba sprejeti skladno s Sklepom Sveta 1999/468/ES z dne 28. junija 1999 o določitvi postopkov za uresničevanje Komisiji podeljenih izvedbenih pooblastil [7] –
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(23) The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission(7),
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SPREJELA NASLEDNJO DIREKTIVO:
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HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
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Člen 1
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Cilj
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Article 1
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Cilj te direktive je ob upoštevanju zunanjih klimatskih in lokalnih pogojev ter notranjih klimatskih zahtev in stroškovne učinkovitosti spodbujati izboljšanje energijske učinkovitosti stavb v Skupnosti.
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Objective
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Ta direktiva določa zahteve v zvezi z:
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The objective of this Directive is to promote the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the Community, taking into account outdoor climatic and local conditions, as well as indoor climate requirements and cost-effectiveness.
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(a) splošnim okvirom metodologije izračunavanja integrirane energijske učinkovitosti stavb;
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This Directive lays down requirements as regards:
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(b) uporabo minimalnih zahtev glede energijske učinkovitosti novih stavb;
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(a) the general framework for a methodology of calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings;
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(c) uporabo minimalnih zahtev glede energijske učinkovitosti velikih obstoječih stavb, na katerih potekajo velika prenovitvena dela;
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(b) the application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings;
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(d) energetskim certificiranjem stavb in
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(c) the application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of large existing buildings that are subject to major renovation;
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(e) rednimi pregledi kotlov in klimatskih sistemov v stavbah ter oceno ogrevalnih sistemov, v katerih so kotli starejši od 15 let.
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(d) energy certification of buildings; and
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Člen 2
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(e) regular inspection of boilers and of air-conditioning systems in buildings and in addition an assessment of the heating installation in which the boilers are more than 15 years old.
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Opredelitve
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V tej direktivi se uporabljajo naslednje opredelitve:
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Article 2
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1. "stavba": krita konstrukcija s stenami, v kateri se uporablja energija za zagotavljanje notranjih klimatskih pogojev; stavba se lahko nanaša na stavbo kot celoto ali njene dele, ki so bili projektirani ali spremenjeni za ločeno uporabo;
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Definitions
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2. "energijska učinkovitost stavb": količina dejansko porabljene ali ocenjene energije za zadovoljevanje potreb, povezanih s standardno uporabo stavbe, ki lahko med drugim vključuje ogrevanje, gretje vode, hlajenje, prezračevanje in razsvetljavo. Ta količina se izraža z enim ali večimi številčnimi kazalniki, ki se izračunajo ob upoštevanju izolacije, tehničnih značilnosti in značilnosti inštalacij, projektne zasnove in položaja v zvezi s klimatskimi parametri, osončenjem in vplivom sosednjih konstrukcij, lastne proizvodnje energije ter drugih dejavnikov, vključno z notranjo klimo, ki vplivajo na potrebe po energiji;
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For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply:
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3. "energetska izkaznica stavbe": potrdilo, ki ga priznava država članica ali pravna oseba, ki jo ta določi, in ki vključuje energijsko učinkovitost stavbe, izračunano po metodologiji na podlagi splošnega okvira, določenega v Prilogi;
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1. "building": a roofed construction having walls, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate; a building may refer to the building as a whole or parts thereof that have been designed or altered to be used separately;
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4. "SPTE" (soproizvodnja toplote in električne energije): istočasna pretvorba primarnih goriv v mehansko ali električno energijo in toploto, ki izpolnjuje določene kakovostne kriterije glede energijske učinkovitosti;
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2. "energy performance of a building": the amount of energy actually consumed or estimated to meet the different needs associated with a standardised use of the building, which may include, inter alia, heating, hot water heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting. This amount shall be reflected in one or more numeric indicators which have been calculated, taking into account insulation, technical and installation characteristics, design and positioning in relation to climatic aspects, solar exposure and influence of neighbouring structures, own-energy generation and other factors, including indoor climate, that influence the energy demand;
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5. "klimatski sistem": kombinacija vseh komponent, potrebnih za zagotovitev takšne obdelave zraka, pri kateri je temperatura regulirana ali se jo lahko zniža- možno v kombinaciji z regulacijo prezračevanja, vlažnosti in čistoče zraka;
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3. "energy performance certificate of a building": a certificate recognised by the Member State or a legal person designated by it, which includes the energy performance of a building calculated according to a methodology based on the general framework set out in the Annex;
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6. "kotel": sklop telesa kotla in kurilne naprave, ki je namenjen prenosu toplote na vodo;
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4. "CHP" (combined heat and power): the simultaneous conversion of primary fuels into mechanical or electrical and thermal energy, meeting certain quality criteria of energy efficiency;
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7. "nazivna izhodna moč (izražena v kW)": maksimalna toplotna moč, za katero proizvajalec navede in zagotavlja, da jo je mogoče ob doseganju izkoristka, ki ga navede, doseči med neprekinjenim delovanjem;
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5. "air-conditioning system": a combination of all components required to provide a form of air treatment in which temperature is controlled or can be lowered, possibly in combination with the control of ventilation, humidity and air cleanliness;
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8. "toplotna črpalka": naprava ali sistem, ki pridobiva toploto pri nizki temperaturi iz zraka, vode ali zemlje in jo dobavlja stavbi.
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6. "boiler": the combined boiler body and burner-unit designed to transmit to water the heat released from combustion;
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Člen 3
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7. "effective rated output (expressed in kW)": the maximum calorific output specified and guaranteed by the manufacturer as being deliverable during continuous operation while complying with the useful efficiency indicated by the manufacturer;
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Sprejetje metodologije
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8. "heat pump": a device or installation that extracts heat at low temperature from air, water or earth and supplies the heat to the building.
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Države članice uporabljajo na nacionalni ali regionalni ravnina podlagi splošnega okvira, določenega v prilogi, metodologijo za izračun energijske učinkovitosti stavb. Dela 1 in 2 tega okvira se ob upoštevanju standardov ali norm, uporabljenih v zakonodaji države članice, prilagajata tehničnemu napredku v skladu s postopkom iz člena 14(2).
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Ta metodologija je določena na nacionalni ali regionalni ravni.
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Article 3
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Energijska učinkovitost stavb se izrazi na pregleden način in lahko vključuje indikator emisije CO2.
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Adoption of a methodology
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Člen 4
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Member States shall apply a methodology, at national or regional level, of calculation of the energy performance of buildings on the basis of the general framework set out in the Annex. Parts 1 and 2 of this framework shall be adapted to technical progress in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2), taking into account standards or norms applied in Member State legislation.
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Določitev zahtev glede energijske učinkovitosti
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This methodology shall be set at national or regional level.
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1. Države članice sprejmejo potrebne ukrepe, s katerimi na podlagi metodologije iz člena 3 zagotovijo določitev minimalnih zahtev glede energijske učinkovitosti stavb. Pri določanju zahtev lahko države članice razlikujejo med novimi in obstoječimi stavbami ter različnimi kategorijami stavb. Te zahteve upoštevajo splošne notranje klimatske pogoje, da ne pride do možnih negativnih učinkov, kot je neustrezno prezračevanje, in lokalne pogoje ter namembnost in starost stavbe. Te pogoje se ponovno pregleda v rednih časovnih presledkih, ki ne smejo biti daljši od petih let, in z namenom upoštevanja tehničnega napredka na področju gradbeništva po potrebi posodobi.
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The energy performance of a building shall be expressed in a transparent manner and may include a CO2 emission indicator.
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2. Zahteve glede energijske učinkovitosti se uporabljajo skladno s členoma 5 in 6.
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3. Države članice se lahko odločijo, da ne bodo določile ali uporabljale zahtev iz odstavka 1 za naslednje kategorije stavb:
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Article 4
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- stavbe in spomenike, ki so uradno zaščiteni kot del zaščitenega okolja ali zaradi njihovega posebnega arhitektonskega ali zgodovinskega pomena, če bi izpolnjevanje zahtev nesprejemljivo spremenilo njihov značaj ali izgled,
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Setting of energy performance requirements
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- stavbe, ki se uporabljajo za obredne namene ali verske dejavnosti,
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1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that minimum energy performance requirements for buildings are set, based on the methodology referred to in Article 3. When setting requirements, Member States may differentiate between new and existing buildings and different categories of buildings. These requirements shall take account of general indoor climate conditions, in order to avoid possible negative effects such as inadequate ventilation, as well as local conditions and the designated function and the age of the building. These requirements shall be reviewed at regular intervals which should not be longer than five years and, if necessary, updated in order to reflect technical progress in the building sector.
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- začasne objekte s predvidenim časom uporabe dveh let ali manj, industrijski kompleksi, delavnice in nestanovanjske kmetijske stavbe z majhno porabo energije ter nestanovanjske kmetijske stavbe, ki se uporabljajo v sektorju, zajetem v državnem sektorskem sporazumu o energetski učinkovitosti,
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2. The energy performance requirements shall be applied in accordance with Articles 5 and 6.
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- stanovanjske stavbe, namenjene za uporabo, krajšo od štirih mesecev na leto,
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3. Member States may decide not to set or apply the requirements referred to in paragraph 1 for the following categories of buildings:
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- samostojne stavbe s celotno uporabno tlorisno površino, manjšo od 50 m2.
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- buildings and monuments officially protected as part of a designated environment or because of their special architectural or historic merit, where compliance with the requirements would unacceptably alter their character or appearance,
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Člen 5
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- buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities,
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Nove stavbe
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- temporary buildings with a planned time of use of two years or less, industrial sites, workshops and non-residential agricultural buildings with low energy demand and non-residential agricultural buildings which are in use by a sector covered by a national sectoral agreement on energy performance,
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Države članice sprejmejo potrebne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovijo, da nove stavbe izpolnjujejo minimalne zahteve glede energijske učinkovitosti iz člena 4.
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- residential buildings which are intended to be used less than four months of the year,
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Pri novih stavbah s celotno uporabno tlorisno površino nad 1000 m2 države članice zagotovijo, da se pred začetkom gradnje prouči in upošteva tehnična, okoljska in ekonomska izvedljivost alternativnih sistemov, kot so:
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- stand-alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than 50 m2.
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- decentralizirani sistemi oskrbe z energijo na podlagi obnovljivih virov energije,
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- SPTE,
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Article 5
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- daljinsko ali skupinsko ogrevanje ali hlajenje, če je na voljo,
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New buildings
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— toplotne črpalke, če so izpolnjeni določeni pogoji.
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Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that new buildings meet the minimum energy performance requirements referred to in Article 4.
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Člen 6
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For new buildings with a total useful floor area over 1000 m2, Member States shall ensure that the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of alternative systems such as:
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Obstoječe stavbe
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- decentralised energy supply systems based on renewable energy,
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Države članice sprejmejo potrebne ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovijo, da se pri večji prenovi stavb s celotno uporabno tlorisno površino nad 1000 m2 njihova energijska učinkovitost, z namenom izpolnitve minimalnih zahtev, če je to tehnično, funkcionalno in ekonomsko izvedljivo, izboljša. Države članice izpeljejo te minimalne zahteve glede energijske učinkovitosti na podlagi zahtev glede energijske učinkovitosti stavb, ki so določene skladno s členom 4. Zahteve so lahko določene za prenovljeno stavbo kot celoto ali za prenovljene sisteme ali komponente, če so ti del prenovitvenih del, ki se izvajajo v omejenem obdobju, s prej omenjenim ciljem izboljšave celotne energijske učinkovitosti stavbe.
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- CHP,
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Člen 7
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- district or block heating or cooling, if available,
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Energetska izkaznica
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- heat pumps, under certain conditions,
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1. Države članice zagotovijo, da ob izgradnji, prodaji ali oddaji stavb, odvisno od primera, lastnik dobi energetsko izkaznico oziroma jo da morebitnemu kupcu ali najemniku. Veljavnost izkaznice ne sme biti daljša od 10 let.
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is considered and is taken into account before construction starts.
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Certificiranje stanovanj ali enot, namenjenih za ločeno uporabo v blokih, lahko temelji:
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- na skupnem certificiranju celotne stavbe bloka s skupnim sistemom ogrevanja ali
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Article 6
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- na oceni drugega tipičnega stanovanja v istem bloku.
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Existing buildings
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Države članice lahko kategorije iz člena 4(3) izključijo iz uporabe tega odstavka.
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Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that when buildings with a total useful floor area over 1000 m2 undergo major renovation, their energy performance is upgraded in order to meet minimum requirements in so far as this is technically, functionally and economically feasible. Member States shall derive these minimum energy performance requirements on the basis of the energy performance requirements set for buildings in accordance with Article 4. The requirements may be set either for the renovated building as a whole or for the renovated systems or components when these are part of a renovation to be carried out within a limited time period, with the abovementioned objective of improving the overall energy performance of the building.
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2. Energetska izkaznica stavb vključuje referenčne vrednosti, kot so trenutni pravni standardi in primerjalni podatki, da bi porabnikom omogočili primerjavo in oceno energijske učinkovitosti stavbe. Izkaznici so priložena priporočila za stroškovno učinkovite izboljšave energijske učinkovitosti.
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Cilj izkaznic je omejen na zagotavljanje informacij. O učinkih teh izkaznic v sodnih postopkih ali sicer se odloča skladno z nacionalnimi predpisi.
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Article 7
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3. Države članice sprejmejo ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovijo, da je v stavbah s skupno uporabno tlorisno površino nad 1000 m2, ki jih uporabljajo javni organi in institucije, ki zagotavljajo javne storitve velikemu številu oseb in se zato te pogosto zadržujejo v njih, energetska izkaznica, ki ni starejša od 10 let, nameščena na vidnem mestu in jasno opazna javnosti.
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Energy performance certificate
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Na jasen način je lahko prikazan tudi razpon priporočenih in dejanskih notranjih temperatur in, če je primerno, drugi pomembni klimatski podatki.
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1. Member States shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or tenant, as the case might be. The validity of the certificate shall not exceed 10 years.
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Člen 8
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Certification for apartments or units designed for separate use in blocks may be based:
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Pregled kotlov
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- on a common certification of the whole building for blocks with a common heating system, or
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Države članice zaradi zmanjševanja porabe energije in omejevanja emisij ogljikovega dioksida:
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- on the assessment of another representative apartment in the same block.
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(a) določijo potrebne ukrepe za uvedbo rednih pregledov kotlov na neobnovljiva tekoča ali trdna goriva z nazivno toplotno močjo od 20 kW do 100 kW. Opravljajo se lahko tudi tovrstni pregledi kotlov, ki uporabljajo druga goriva.
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Member States may exclude the categories referred to in Article 4(3) from the application of this paragraph.
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Kotli z nazivno toplotno močjo nad 100 kW se pregledajo vsaj vsaki dve leti. Za plinske kotle se to obdobje lahko podaljša na štiri leta.
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2. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as current legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for the cost-effective improvement of the energy performance.
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Za ogrevalne sisteme s kotli z nazivno toplotno močjo nad 20 kW, ki so starejši od 15 let, države članice določijo potrebne ukrepe za uvedbo enkratnega pregleda celotnega ogrevalnega sistema. Na podlagi tega pregleda, ki vključuje oceno učinkovitosti kotla in njegove velikosti v primerjavi z ogrevalnimi zahtevami stavbe, strokovnjaki uporabnikom svetujejo glede zamenjave kotla, drugih sprememb ogrevalnega sistema in alternativnih rešitev; ali
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The objective of the certificates shall be limited to the provision of information and any effects of these certificates in terms of legal proceedings or otherwise shall be decided in accordance with national rules.
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(b) sprejmejo ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovijo svetovanje uporabnikom glede zamenjave kotlov, drugih sprememb ogrevalnega sistema in alternativnih rešitev, ki lahko vključujejo preglede zaradi ocene učinkovitosti in ustrezne velikosti kotla. Celovit vpliv tega pristopa mora biti v glavnem enakovreden vplivu ukrepov iz določb pod (a). Države članice, ki izberejo to možnost, Komisiji vsaki dve leti predložijo poročilo o enakovrednosti njihovega pristopa.
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3. Member States shall take measures to ensure that for buildings with a total useful floor area over 1000 m2 occupied by public authorities and by institutions providing public services to a large number of persons and therefore frequently visited by these persons an energy certificate, not older than 10 years, is placed in a prominent place clearly visible to the public.
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Člen 9
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The range of recommended and current indoor temperatures and, when appropriate, other relevant climatic factors may also be clearly displayed.
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Pregledi klimatskih sistemov
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Države članice zaradi zmanjševanja porabe energije in omejevanja emisij ogljikovega dioksida predpišejo potrebne ukrepe za uvedbo rednih pregledov klimatskih sistemov z nazivno izhodno močjo nad 12 kW.
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Article 8
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Ti pregledi vključujejo oceno učinkovitosti klimatskih naprav in njihove dimenzioniranosti v primerjavi s hladilnimi zahtevami stavbe. Uporabnikom se zagotovi svetovanje glede možne izboljšave ali zamenjave klimatskega sistema in alternativnih rešitev.
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Inspection of boilers
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Člen 10
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With regard to reducing energy consumption and limiting carbon dioxide emissions, Member States shall either:
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Neodvisni strokovnjaki
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(a) lay down the necessary measures to establish a regular inspection of boilers fired by non-renewable liquid or solid fuel of an effective rated output of 20 kW to 100 kW. Such inspection may also be applied to boilers using other fuels.
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Države članice zagotovijo, da certificiranje stavb, pripravo spremljajočih priporočil ter preglede kotlov in klimatskih sistemov na neodvisen način opravljajo usposobljeni in/ali pooblaščeni strokovnjaki, ki poslujejo kot samostojni podjetniki ali so zaposleni v javnih ali zasebnih podjetjih.
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Boilers of an effective rated output of more than 100 kW shall be inspected at least every two years. For gas boilers, this period may be extended to four years.
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Člen 11
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For heating installations with boilers of an effective rated output of more than 20 kW which are older than 15 years, Member States shall lay down the necessary measures to establish a one-off inspection of the whole heating installation. On the basis of this inspection, which shall include an assessment of the boiler efficiency and the boiler sizing compared to the heating requirements of the building, the experts shall provide advice to the users on the replacement of the boilers, other modifications to the heating system and on alternative solutions; or
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Ponoven pregled
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(b) take steps to ensure the provision of advice to the users on the replacement of boilers, other modifications to the heating system and on alternative solutions which may include inspections to assess the efficiency and appropriate size of the boiler. The overall impact of this approach should be broadly equivalent to that arising from the provisions set out in (a). Member States that choose this option shall submit a report on the equivalence of their approach to the Commission every two years.
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Komisija ob pomoči odbora, ustanovljenega po členu 14, ovrednoti to direktivo glede na izkušnje, pridobljene med njeno uporabo, in po potrebi med drugim pripravi predloge v zvezi z:
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(a) možnimi dopolnilnimi ukrepi, ki se nanašajo na prenovo v stavbah s skupno uporabno tlorisno površino pod 1000 m2;
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Article 9
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(b) splošnimi pobudami glede nadaljnjih ukrepov za energijsko učinkovitost stavb.
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Inspection of air-conditioning systems
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Člen 12
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With regard to reducing energy consumption and limiting carbon dioxide emissions, Member States shall lay down the necessary measures to establish a regular inspection of air-conditioning systems of an effective rated output of more than 12 kW.
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Informiranje
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This inspection shall include an assessment of the air-conditioning efficiency and the sizing compared to the cooling requirements of the building. Appropriate advice shall be provided to the users on possible improvement or replacement of the air-conditioning system and on alternative solutions.
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Države članice lahko sprejmejo potrebne ukrepe za informiranje uporabnikov stavb o različnih metodah in praksah, ki povečujejo energijsko učinkovitost. Na zahtevo držav članic Komisija državam članicam pomaga pri pripravi zadevnih informacijskih kampanj, ki so lahko vključene v programe Skupnosti.
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Člen 13
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Article 10
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Prilagoditev okvira
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Independent experts
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Točki 1 in 2 priloge se ponovno pregleda v rednih časovnih presledkih, ki niso krajši od dveh let.
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Member States shall ensure that the certification of buildings, the drafting of the accompanying recommendations and the inspection of boilers and air-conditioning systems are carried out in an independent manner by qualified and/or accredited experts, whether operating as sole traders or employed by public or private enterprise bodies.
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Kakršne koli spremembe, potrebne za prilagoditev točk 1 in 2 priloge tehničnemu napredku, se sprejmejo po postopku, iz člena 14(2).
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Člen 14
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Article 11
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Odbor
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Review
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1. Komisiji pomaga odbor.
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The Commission, assisted by the Committee established by Article 14, shall evaluate this Directive in the light of experience gained during its application, and, if necessary, make proposals with respect to, inter alia:
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2. Pri sklicevanju na ta odstavek se uporabljata člena 5 in 7 Sklepa 1999/468/ES, ob upoštevanju določb člena 8 Sklepa.
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(a) possible complementary measures referring to the renovations in buildings with a total useful floor area less than 1000 m2;
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Rok iz člena 5(6) Sklepa 1999/468/ES znaša tri mesece.
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(b) general incentives for further energy efficiency measures in buildings.
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3. Odbor sprejme svoj poslovnik.
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Člen 15
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Article 12
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Prenos
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Information
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1. Države članice sprejmejo zakone in druge predpise, potrebne za uskladitev s to direktivo, najpozneje do 4. januarja 2006. O tem takoj obvestijo Komisijo.
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Member States may take the necessary measures to inform the users of buildings as to the different methods and practices that serve to enhance energy performance. Upon Member States' request, the Commission shall assist Member States in staging the information campaigns concerned, which may be dealt with in Community programmes.
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Države članice se v sprejetih predpisih sklicujejo na to direktivo ali pa sklic nanjo navedejo ob njihovi uradni objavi. Način sklicevanja določijo države članice.
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2. Državam članicam se zaradi pomanjkanja usposobljenih in/ali pooblaščenih strokovnjakov lahko zagotovi dodatno obdobje treh let za popolno uporabo določb členov 7, 8 in 9. Države članice o tem obvestijo Komisijo in posredujejo ustrezno utemeljitev skupaj s časovnim razporedom glede nadaljnjega izvajanja te direktive.
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Article 13
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Člen 16
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Adaptation of the framework
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Začetek veljavnosti
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Points 1 and 2 of the Annex shall be reviewed at regular intervals, which shall not be shorter than two years.
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Ta direktiva začne veljati z dnem objave v Uradnem listu Evropskih skupnosti.
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Any amendments necessary in order to adapt points 1 and 2 of the Annex to technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2).
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Člen 17
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Naslovniki
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Article 14
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Ta direktiva je naslovljena na države članice.
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Committee
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1. The Commission shall be assisted by a Committee.
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V Bruslju, 16. decembra 2002
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2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
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Za Evropski Parlament
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The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.
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Predsednik
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3. The Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure.
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P. Cox
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Za Svet
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Article 15
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Predsednik
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Transposition
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M. Fischer Boel
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1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive at the latest on 4 January 2006. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
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[1] UL C 213 E, 31.7.2001, str. 266 in UL C 203 E, 27.8.2002, str. 69.
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When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.
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[2] UL C 36, 8.2.2002, str. 20.
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2. Member States may, because of lack of qualified and/or accredited experts, have an additional period of three years to apply fully the provisions of Articles 7, 8 and 9. When making use of this option, Member States shall notify the Commission, providing the appropriate justification together with a time schedule with respect to the further implementation of this Directive.
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[3] UL C 107, 3.5.2002, str. 76.
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[4] Mnenje Evropskega parlamenta z dne 6. februarja 2002 (še ni objavljeno v Uradnem listu), Skupno stališče Sveta z dne 7. junija 2002 (UL C 197, 20.8.2002, str. 6) in Sklep Evropskega parlamenta z dne 10. oktobra 2002 (še ni objavljen v Uradnem listu).
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Article 16
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[5] UL L 237, 22.9.1993, str. 28.
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Entry into force
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[6] UL L 40, 11.2.1989, str. 12. Direktiva kakor je bila nazadnje spremenjena z Direktivo 93/68/EGS (UL L 220, 30.8.1993, str. 1).
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This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
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[7] UL L 184, 17.7.1999, str. 23.
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--------------------------------------------------
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Article 17
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PRILOGA
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Addressees
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Splošen okvir za izračun energijske učinkovitosti stavb (člen 3)
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This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
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1. Metodologija za izračun energijske učinkovitosti stavb vključuje vsaj naslednje parametre:
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(a) toplotne značilnosti stavbe (ogrodja in notranjih predelnih sten itd.). Te značilnosti lahko vključujejo tudi zračno tesnost;
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Done at Brussels, 16 December 2002.
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(b) ogrevalni sistem in oskrbo s toplo vodo, vključno z značilnostmi glede njune izolacije;
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(c) klimatski sistem;
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For the European Parliament
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(d) prezračevanje;
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The President
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(e) vgrajeno razsvetljavo (v glavnem nestanovanjski sektor);
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P. Cox
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(f) položaj in orientacijo stavb, vključno z zunanjo klimo;
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(g) pasivne solarne sisteme in zaščito pred soncem;
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For the Council
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(h) naravno prezračevanje;
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The President
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(i) notranje klimatske pogoje, vključno s projektirano notranjo klimo.
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M. Fischer Boel
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2. Če je pomembno za ta izračun, se upošteva pozitiven vpliv naslednjih parametrov:
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(a) aktivnih solarnih sistemov ter drugih ogrevalnih sistemov in sistemov za proizvodnjo električne energije na podlagi obnovljivih virov energije;
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(1) OJ C 213 E, 31.7.2001, p. 266 and OJ C 203 E, 27.8.2002, p. 69.
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(e) električne energije, proizvedene v SPTE;
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(2) OJ C 36, 8.2.2002, p. 20.
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(c) daljinskih ali skupinskih ogrevalnih in hladilnih sistemov;
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(3) OJ C 107, 3.5.2002, p. 76.
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(d) naravne osvetlitve.
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(4) Opinion of the European Parliament of 6 February 2002 (not yet published in the Official Journal), Council Common Position of 7 June 2002 (OJ C 197, 20.8.2002, p. 6) and decision of the European Parliament of 10 October 2002 (not yet published in the Official Journal).
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3. Za ta izračun so stavbe ustrezno razvrščene v kategorije, kot so:
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(5) OJ L 237, 22.9.1993, p. 28.
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(a) enodružinske hiše raznih vrst;
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(6) OJ L 40, 11.2.1989, p. 12. Directive as amended by Directive 93/68/EEC (OJ L 220, 30.8.1993, p.1).
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(b) stanovanjski bloki;
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(7) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.
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(c) pisarne;
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(d) šole;
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(e) bolnišnice;
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(f) hoteli in restavracije;
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ANNEX
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(g) športni objekti;
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(h) stavbe za veleprodajo in maloprodajo;
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General framework for the calculation of energy performance of buildings (Article 3)
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(i) druge vrste stavb, ki so porabniki energije.
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1. The methodology of calculation of energy performances of buildings shall include at least the following aspects:
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(a) thermal characteristics of the building (shell and internal partitions, etc.). These characteristics may also include air-tightness;
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(b) heating installation and hot water supply, including their insulation characteristics;
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(c) air-conditioning installation;
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(d) ventilation;
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(e) built-in lighting installation (mainly the non-residential sector);
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(f) position and orientation of buildings, including outdoor climate;
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(g) passive solar systems and solar protection;
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(h) natural ventilation;
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(i) indoor climatic conditions, including the designed indoor climate.
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2. The positive influence of the following aspects shall, where relevant in this calculation, be taken into account:
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(a) active solar systems and other heating and electricity systems based on renewable energy sources;
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(b) electricity produced by CHP;
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(c) district or block heating and cooling systems;
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(d) natural lighting.
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3. For the purpose of this calculation buildings should be adequately classified into categories such as:
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(a) single-family houses of different types;
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(b) apartment blocks;
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(c) offices;
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(d) education buildings;
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(e) hospitals;
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(f) hotels and restaurants;
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(g) sports facilities;
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(h) wholesale and retail trade services buildings;
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(i) other types of energy-consuming buildings.
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