COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 93/98/EEC of 29 October 1993 harmonizing the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights

Id-Direttiva tal-Kunsill 93/98/KEE

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

tad-29 ta’ Ottubru 1993

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Articles 57 (2), 66 and 100a thereof,

li tarmonizza d-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni ta’ drittijiet ta’ l-awtur u ċerti drittijiet relatati

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1),

IL-KUNSILL TAL-KOMUNITAJIET EWROPEJ,

In cooperation with the European Parliament (2),

Wara li kkunsidra t-Trattat li jistabbilixxi l-Komunità Ekonomika Ewropea, u b’mod partikolari l-Artikoli 57(2), 66 u 100a tiegħu,

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (3),

Wara li kkunsidra l-proposta mill-Kummissjoni [1],

(1) Whereas the Berne Convention for the protection of literary and artistic works and the International Convention for the protection of performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations (Rome Convention) lay down only minimum terms of protection of the rights they refer to, leaving the Contracting States free to grant longer terms; whereas certain Member States have exercised this entitlement; whereas in addition certain Member States have not become party to the Rome Convention;

B’koperazzjoni mal-Parlament Ewropew [2],

(2) Whereas there are consequently differences between the national laws governing the terms of protection of copyright and related rights, which are liable to impede the free movement of goods and freedom to provide services, and to distort competition in the common market; whereas therefore with a view to the smooth operation of the internal market, the laws of the Member States should be harmonized so as to make terms of protection identical throughout the Community;

Wara li kkunsidra l-fehma tal-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali [3],

(3) Whereas harmonization must cover not only the terms of protection as such, but also certain implementing arrangements such as the date from which each term of protection is calculated;

(1) Billi l-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna għall-protezzjoni ta’ xogħlijiet letterarji u artistiċi u l-Konvenzjoni Internazzjonali għall-protezzjoni ta’ artisti, produtturi ta’ fonogrammi u organizzazzjonijiet tax-xandir (il-Konvenzjoni ta’ Ruma) jistipulaw biss id-dewmien minimi ta’ protezzjoni tad-drittijiet li jirreferu għalihom, waqt li jħallu Stati Kontrattanti ħielsa li jagħtu dewmien itwal; billi ċerti Stati Membri eżerċitaw dan id-dritt; billi b’żieda ma’ dan ċerti Stati Membri ma ssieħbux mal-Konvenzjoni ta’ Ruma;

(4) Whereas the provisions of this Directive do not affect the application by the Member States of the provisions of Article 14a (2) (b), (c) and (d) and (3) of the Berne Convention;

(2) Billi bħala konsegwenza hemm differenzi bejn il-liġijiet nazzjonali li jirregolaw id-dewmien tal-protezzjoni tad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur u d-drittijiet relatati, li jistgħu jfixklu l-moviment ħieles ta’ l-oġġetti u l-libertà li jipprovdu servizzi, u li jgħawġu l-kompetizzjoni fis-suq komuni; billi għalhekk in vista ta’ tħaddim faċli tal-kummerċ lokali, il-liġijiet ta’ l-Istati Membri għandhom ikunu armonizzati sabiex jagħmlu dewmien ta’ protezzjoni l-istess mal-Komunità kollha;

(5) Whereas the minimum term of protection laid down by the Berne Convention, namely the life of the author and 50 years after his death, was intended to provide protection for the author and the first two generations of his descendants; whereas the average lifespan in the Community has grown longer, to the point where this term is no longer sufficient to cover two generations;

(3) Billi l-armonizzazzjoni għandha tirregola mhux biss id-dewmien bħala tali, iżda wkoll ċerti arranġamenti ta’ implimentazzjoni bħad-data li minnha kull dewmien ta’ protezzjoni hu kkalkulat;

(6) Whereas certain Member States have granted a term longer than 50 years after the death of the author in order to offset the effects of the world wars on the exploitation of authors' works;

(4) Billi d-disposizzjonijiet ta’ din id-Direttiva ma jaffettwawx l-applikazzjoni mill-Istati Membri tad-disposizzjonijiet ta’ l-Artikolu 14a (2) (b), (ċ) u (d) u (3) tal-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna;

(7) Whereas for the protection of related rights certain Member States have introduced a term of 50 years after lawful publication or lawful communication to the public;

(5) Billi d-dewmien minimu ta’ protezzjoni stipulata bil-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna, jiġifieri l-ħajja ta’ l-awtur u 50 sena wara l-mewt tiegħu, kien maħsub biex jipprovdi protezzjoni għall-awtur u l-ewwel żewġ ġenerazzjonijiet tad-dixxendenti tiegħu; billi l-medja tal-ħajja fil-Komunità twalet, sal-punt fejn dan id-dewmien mhuwiex aktar biżżejjed li jkopri żewġ ġenerazzjonijiet;

(8) Whereas under the Community position adopted for the Uruguay Round negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) the term of protection for producers of phonograms should be 50 years after first publication;

(6) Billi ċerti Stati Membri taw dewmien itwal minn 50 sena wara l-mewt ta’ l-awtur biex jikkumpensaw l-effetti tal-gwerer dinjija fuq l-isfruttar tax-xogħlijiet ta’ l-awtur;

(9) Whereas due regard for established rights is one of the general principles of law protected by the Community legal order; whereas, therefore, a harmonization of the terms of protection of copyright and related rights cannot have the effect of reducing the protection currently enjoyed by rightholders in the Community; whereas in order to keep the effects of transitional measures to a minimum and to allow the internal market to operate in practice, the harmonization of the term of protection should take place on a long term basis;

(7) Billi għall-protezzjoni ta’ drittijiet relatati ċerti Stati Membri introduċew dewmien ta’ 50 sena wara l-pubblikazzjoni legali jew komunikazzjoni legali lill-pubbliku;

(10) Whereas in its communication of 17 January 1991 'Follow-up to the Green Paper - Working programme of the Commission in the field of copyright and neighbouring rights' the Commission stresses the need to harmonize copyright and neighbouring rights at a high level of protection since these rights are fundamental to intellectual creation and stresses that their protection ensures the maintenance and development of creativity in the interest of authors, cultural industries, consumers and society as a whole;

(8) Billi skond il-posizzjoni tal-Komunità adottata fil-Laqgħa ta’ l-Urugwaj negozjati skond il-Ftehim Ġenerali fuq it-Tariffi u Kummerċ (GATT) id-dewmien tal-protezzjoni għall-produtturi ta’ fonogrammi għandu jkun 50 sena wara l-ewwel pubblikazzjoni;

(11) Whereas in order to establish a high level of protection which at the same time meets the requirements of the internal market and the need to establish a legal environment conducive to the harmonious development of literary and artistic creation in the Community, the term of protection for copyright should be harmonized at 70 years after the death of the author or 70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public, and for related rights at 50 years after the event which sets the term running;

(9) Billi kunsiderazzjoni xierqa għad-drittijiet stabbiliti hija waħda mill-prinċipji ġenerali tal-liġi protetti mill-ordni legali tal-Komunità; billi, għalhekk, armonizzazzjoni tad-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni tad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur u drittijiet relatati ma tistax ikollha effetti li tnaqqas il-protezzjoni preżentement gawduta mid-detenturi tad-drittijiet fil-Komunità; billi sabiex iżżomm l-effetti tal-miżuri tranżitorji mill-inqas kemm jista’ jkun u biex tħalli s-suq lokali li jopera fil-prattika, l-armonizzazzjoni tad-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni għandha ssir fuq bażi ta’ dewmien twil;

(12) Whereas collections are protected according to Article 2 (5) of the Berne Convention when, by reason of the selection and arrangement of their content, they constitute intellectual creations; whereas those works are protected as such, without prejudice to the copyright in each of the works forming part of such collections, whereas in consequence specific terms of protection may apply to works included in collections;

(10) Billi fin-notifika tagħha tas-17 ta’ Jannar 1991 "Follow-up tal-Green Paper - programm ta’ ħidma mill-Kummissjoni fil-qasam tad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur u drittijiet relatati" il-Kummissjoni tenfasizza l-ħtieġa li tarmonizza d-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur u d-drittijiet relatati f’livell għoli ta’ protezzjoni għar-raġuni li dawn id-drittijiet huma fundamentali għall-ħolqien intellettwali u tenfasizza li l-protezzjoni tagħhom tassigura ż-żamma u l-iżvilupp tal-kreattività fl-interess ta’ l-awturi, l-industriji kulturali, il-konsumaturi u s-soċjeta in ġenerali;

(13) Whereas in all cases where one or more physical persons are identified as authors the term of protection should be calculated after their death; whereas the question of authorship in the whole or a part of a work is a question of fact which the national courts may have to decide;

(11) Billi biex tistabbilixxi livell għoli ta’ protezzjoni li fl-istess ħin jissodisfa r-rekwiżiti tas-suq lokali u l-ħtieġa li tistabbilixxi ambjent legali li jwassal għal żvilupp ta’ konkordanza fil-ħolqien letterarju u artistiku fil-Komunità, id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni għad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur għandu jkun armonizzat għal 70 sena wara l-mewt ta’ l-awtur jew 70 sena wara li x-xogħol ikun ġie legalment disponibbli għall-pubbliku, u għal drittijiet relatati f’50 sena wara l-każ li jagħti bidu li jibda jgħodd id-dewmien;

(14) Whereas terms of protection should be calculated from the first day of January of the year following the relevant event, as they are in the Berne and Rome Conventions;

(12) Billi kollezzjonijiet huma protetti skond l-Artikolu 2(5) tal-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna meta, għar-raġuni li l-għażla u l-arranġament tal-kontenut tagħhom, jikkostitwixxu kreazzjonijiet intellettwali; billi dawk ix-xogħlijiet huma protetti bħali tali, mingħajr preġudizzju għad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur f’kull wieħed mix-xogħlijiet li jagħmel parti minn dawn il-kreazzjonijiet, billi bħala konsegwenza dewmien ta’ protezzjoni jistgħu japplikaw għal xogħlijiet inklużi fil-kollezzjonijiet;

(15) Whereas Article 1 of Council Directive 91/250/EEC of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs (4) provides that Member States are to protect computer programs, by copyright, as literary works within the meaning of the Berne Convention; whereas this Directive harmonizes the term of protection of literary works in the Community; whereas Article 8 of Directive 91/250/EEC, which merely makes provisional arrangements governing the term of protection of computer programs, should accordingly be repealed;

(13) Billi fil-każi kollha fejn waħda jew aktar persuni fiżiċi jkunu identifikati bħala awturi d-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni għandu jiġi kkalkulat wara mewthom; billi l-kwistjoni ta’ l-awtur fix-xogħol kollu jew parti minnu fil-kwestjoni ta’ fatt li l-qrati nazzjonali jistgħu jkollhom jiddeċiedu;

(16) Whereas Articles 11 and 12 of Council Directive 92/100/EEC of 19 November 1992 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property (5) make provision for minimum terms of protection only, subject to any further harmonization; whereas this Directive provides such further harmonization; whereas these Articles should accordingly be repealed;

(14) Billi d-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni għandhom jiġu kalkolati mill-ewwel ta’ Jannar tas-sena wara l-ġrajja relevanti, kif inhuma fil-Konvenzjonijiet ta’ Berna u ta’ Ruma;

(17) Whereas the protection of photographs in the Member States is the subject of varying regimes; whereas in order to achieve a sufficient harmonization of the term of protection of photographic works, in particular of those which, due to their artistic or professional character, are of importance within the internal market, it is necessary to define the level of originality required in this Directive; whereas a photographic work within the meaning of the Berne Convention is to be considered original if it is the author's own intellectual creation reflecting his personality, no other criteria such as merit or purpose being taken into account; whereas the protection of other photographs should be left to national law;

(15) Billi l-Artikolu 1 tad-Direttiva tal-Kunsill KEE/91/250 ta’ l-14 ta’ Mejju 1991 fuq il-protezzjoni legali ta’ programmi tal-kompjuter [4] jipprovdi li l-Istati Membri għandhom jipproteġu programmi tal-kompjuter, bid-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur, bħala xogħlijiet letterarji skond it-tifsira tal-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna; billi din id-Direttiva tarmonizza d-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni ta’ xogħlijiet letterarji fil-Komunità; billi l-Artikolu 8 tad-Direttiva KEE/91/250, li sempliċiment tagħmel arranġamenti proviżorji li jirregolaw id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni ta’ programmi tal-kompjuter, għandhom f’dan is-sens jitħassru;

(18) Whereas, in order to avoid differences in the term of protection as regards related rights it is necessary to provide the same starting point for the calculation of the term throughout the Community; whereas the performance, fixation, transmission, lawful publication, and lawful communication to the public, that is to say the means of making a subject of a related right perceptible in all appropriate ways to persons in general, should be taken into account for the calculation of the term of protection regardless of the country where this performance, fixation, transmission, lawful publication, or lawful communication to the public takes place;

(16) Billi l-Artikoli 11 u 12 tad-Direttiva tal-Kunsill KEE/92/100 tad-19 ta’ Novembru 1992 dwar dritt ta’ kiri u self u dwar ċerti drittijiet relatati mad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur fil-qasam ta’ proprjetà intellettwali [5] jagħmlu disposizzjonijiet għal dewmien minimi ta’ protezzjoni biss, bla ħsara għal kull armonizzazzjoni li tista’ ssir; billi din id-Direttiva tipprovdi għal din il-protezzjoni li tista’ ssir; billi dawn l-artikoli għandhom f’dan is-sens jitħassru;

(19) Whereas the rights of broadcasting organizations in their broadcasts, whether these broadcasts are transmitted by wire or over the air, including by cable or satellite, should not be perpetual; whereas it is therefore necessary to have the term of protection running from the first transmission of a particular broadcast only; whereas this provision is understood to avoid a new term running in cases where a broadcast is identical to a previous one;

(17) Billi l-protezzjoni ta’ fotografiji fl-Istati Membri hija s-suġġett għal diversi kondizzjonijiet; billi sabiex tikseb armonizzazzjoni suffiċjenti tad-dewmien tal-protezzjoni ta’ xogħlijiet fotografiċi, b’mod partikolari ta’ dawk li, bħala riżultat tal-karattru artistiku u professjonali tagħhom, huma ta’ importanza fis-suq lokali, huwa meħtieġ li tfisser il-livell ta’ oriġinalità meħtieġa f’din id-Direttiva; billi xogħol fotografiku skond it-tifsira tal-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna għandu jkun ikkunsidrat oriġinali jekk huwa l-ħolqien intellettwali ta’ l-awtur innifsu li jirrifletti l-personalità tiegħu, l-ebda kriterju ieħor bħala meritu jew skop ma jkun ikkunsidrat; billi l-protezzjoni ta’ fotografiji oħra għandha titħalla għal-liġi nazzjonali;

(20) Whereas the Member States should remain free to maintain or introduce other rights related to copyright in particular in relation to the protection of critical and scientific publications; whereas, in order to ensure transparency at Community level, it is however necessary for Member States which introduce new related rights to notify the Commission;

(18) Billi, sabiex tevita differenzi fid-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni dwar drittijiet relatati huwa meħtieġ li tipprovdi l-istess punt ta’ tluq biex ikun kalkolat id-dewmien mal-Komunità kollha; billi l-wirjiet, twaħħil, trasmissjoni, pubblikazzjoni legali, u komunikazzjoni legali lill-pubbliku, jiġifieri l-mezzi li jagħmlu suġġett ta’ dritt relatat perċepibbli fil-modi xierqa kollha lill-persuni in ġenerali, għandhom ikunu kkunsidrati biex ikun ikkalkolat id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni irrispettivament mill-pajjiż fejn iseħħu l-wirja, twaħħil, trasmissjoni, pubblikazzjoni legali, jew komunikazzjoni legali lill-pubbliku;

(21) Whereas it is useful to make clear that the harmonization brought about by this Directive does not apply to moral rights;

(19) Billi d-drittijiet ta’ l-organizzazzjonijiet tax-xandir fix-xandiriet tagħhom, sew jekk dawn ix-xandiriet ikunu trasmessi bil-wajer sew jekk bl-ajru, inklużi bil-cable jew bis-satellita, m’għandhomx ikunu perpetwi; billi huwa għalhekk meħtieġ li jkollok dewmien ta’ protezzjoni li jibda mill-ewwel trasmissjoni ta’ xandira partikolari biss; billi din id-disposizzjoni hija maħsuba bl-iskop li tevita dewmien ġdid li jibda fil-każi fejn xandira tkun identika ma’ waħda preċedenti;

(22) Whereas, for works whose country of origin within the meaning of the Berne Convention is a third country and whose author is not a Community national, comparison of terms of protection should be applied, provided that the term accorded in the Community does not exceed the term laid down in this Directive;

(20) Billi l-Istati Membri għandhom jibqgħu ħielsa li jżommu jew jintroduċu drittijiet oħra relatati mad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur partikolarment dwar il-protezzjoni ta’ pubblikazzjonijiet kritiċi u xjentifiċi; billi, sabiex jassiguraw trasparenza f’livell tal-Komunità, madankollu hu meħtieġ għall-Istati Membri li jintroduċu drittijiet ġodda relatati biex jgħarrfu lill-Kummissjoni;

(23) Whereas where a rightholder who is not a Community national qualifies for protection under an international agreement the term of protection of related rights should be the same as that laid down in this Directive, except that it should not exceed that fixed in the country of which the rightholder is a national;

(21) Billi huwa utli li tagħmilha ċara li l-armonizzazzjoni miġjuba b’din id-Direttiva ma tapplikax għal drittijiet morali;

(24) Whereas comparison of terms should not result in Member States being brought into conflict with their international obligations;

(22) Billi, għal xogħlijiet li l-pajjiż ta’ oriġini tagħhom skond it-tifsira tal-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna huwa pajjiż barrani u li l-awtur tagħhom mhuwiex ċittadin tal-Komunità, għandhom ikunu applikati paraguni ta’ dewmien ta’ protezzjoni, kemm-il darba d-dewmien mogħti fil-Komunità ma jeċċedix id-dewmien stipulat f’din id-Direttiva;

(25) Whereas, for the smooth functioning of the internal market this Directive should be applied as from 1 July 1995;

(23) Billi fejn detentur tad-drittijiet li mhux ċittadin tal-Komunità jikkwalifika għall-protezzjoni skond ftehim internazzjonali d-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni tad-drittijiet relatati għandu jkun l-istess bħal dak stipulat f’din id-Direttiva, għajr li dan m’għandux jaqbeż dak stipulat fil-pajjiż li tiegħu d-detentur tad-drittijiet huwa ċittadin;

(26) Whereas Member States should remain free to adopt provisions on the interpretation, adaptation and further execution of contracts on the exploitation of protected works and other subject matter which were concluded before the extension of the term of protection resulting from this Directive;

(24) Billi paragun tad-dewmien m’għandux jirriżulta li l-Istati Membri jiġu f’konflitt ma’ l-obbligi internazzjonali tagħhom;

(27) Whereas respect of acquired rights and legitimate expectations is part of the Community legal order; whereas Member States may provide in particular that in certain circumstances the copyright and related rights which are revived pursuant to this Directive may not give rise to payments by persons who undertook in good faith the exploitation of the works at the time when such works lay within the public domain,

(25) Billi, biex is-suq lokali jaħdem sew din id-Direttiva għandha tkun applikata mill-1 ta’ Lulju 1995;

HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

(26) Billi l-Istati Membri għandhom jibqgħu ħielsa li jadottaw id-disposizzjonijiet dwar l-interpretazzjoni, adattament u aktar twettiq ta’ kuntratti fuq l-isfruttar ta’ xogħlijiet protetti u materjal ieħor li kienu konklużi qabel l-estensjoni tad-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni li tirriżulta minn din id-Direttiva;

(27) Billi rispett għad-drittijiet miksuba u espettazzjonijiet leġittimi huwa parti mill-ordni legali tal-Komunità; billi l-Istati Membri jistgħu jipprovdu b’mod partikolari li f’ċerti ċirkustanzi d-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur u drittijiet relatati li joħorġu skond din id-Direttiva ma jagħtux lok għall-ħlasijiet minn persuni li jkunu jassumu in bona fide l-isfruttar tax-xogħlijiet fil-ħin meta dawn ix-xogħlijiet kienu fl-isfera pubblika,

Article 1

ADOTTA DIN ID-DIRETTIVA:

Duration of authors' rights

Artikolu 1

1. The rights of an author of a literary or artistic work within the meaning of Article 2 of the Berne Convention shall run for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, irrespective of the date when the work is lawfully made available to the public.

Dewmien tad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur

2. In the case of a work of joint authorship the term referred to in paragraph 1 shall be calculated from the death of the last surviving author.

1. Id-drittijiet ta’ awtur ta’ xogħol artistiku u letterarju skond it-tifsira ta’ l-Artikolu 2 tal-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna għandhom idumu tul il-ħajja ta’ l-awtur u għal 70 sena wara mewtu, irrispettivament mid-data meta x-xogħol ikun legalment disponibbli għall-pubbliku.

3. In the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works, the term of protection shall run for seventy years after the work is lawfully made available to the public. However, when the pseudonym adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to his identity, or if the author discloses his identity during the period referred to in the first sentence, the term of protection applicable shall be that laid down in paragraph 1.

2. Fil-każ ta’ xogħol ta’ awturi flimkien id-dewmien imsemmi fil-paragrafu 1 għandu jkun ikkalkulat mill-mewt ta’ l-aħħar awtur li jkun baqa’.

4. Where a Member State provides for particular provisions on copyright in respect of collective works or for a legal person to be designated as the rightholder, the term of protection shall be calculated according to the provisions of paragraph 3, except if the natural persons who have created the work as such are identified as such in the versions of the work which are made available to the public. This paragraph is without prejudice to the rights of identified authors whose identifiable contributions are included in such works, to which contributions paragraph 1 or 2 shall apply.

3. Fil-każ ta’ xogħlijiet anonimi jew psewdonimi, id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni għandu jdum għal 70 sena wara li x-xogħol ikun sar legalment disponibbli għall-pubbliku. Madankollu, meta psewdonimu adottat mill-awtur ma jħalli l-ebda dubju għall-identità tiegħu, jew jekk l-awtur jiżvela l-identità tiegħu matul il-perijodu msemmi fl-ewwel perijodu, id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni applikabbli għandu jkun dak stipulat fil-paragrafu 1.

5. Where a work is published in volumes, parts, instalments, issues or episodes and the term of protection runs from the time when the work was lawfully made available to the public, the term of protection shall run for each such item separately.

4. Fejn l-Istati Membri jipprovdu għal disposizzjonijet partikolari fuq drittijiet ta’ l-awtur dwar xogħlijiet kollettivi jew għal persuna legali li għandha tinħatar bħala detentur tad-drittijiet, id-dewmien tal-protezzjoni għandu jkun ikkalkulat skond id-disposizzjonijet tal-paragrafu 3, għajr jekk persuni fiżiċi li jkunu ħolqu x-xogħol bħala tali jkunu hekk identifikati fil-verżjonijiet tax-xogħol li jkun sar disponibbli għall-pubbliku. Dan il-paragrafu huwa mingħajr preġudizzju għad-drittijiet ta’ l-awturi identifikati li l-kontribut identifikabbli tagħhom ikun inkluż f’dawn ix-xogħlijiet, li għal liema kontribut għandhom japplikaw il-paragrafi 1 jew 2.

6. In the case of works for which the term of protection is not calculated from the death of the author or authors and which have not been lawfully made available to the public within seventy years from their creation, the protection shall terminate.

5. Fejn xogħol huwa ppubblikat f’volumi, partijiet, faxxikli, ħarġiet jew episodji u d-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni jibda mill-ħin meta x-xogħol kien legalment magħmul disponibbli għall-pubbliku, id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni għandu jibda separatament għal kull oġġett.

6. Fil-każ ta’ xogħlijiet li għalihom id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni ma jkunx ikkalkolat mill-mewt ta’ l-awtur jew awturi u li ma jkunux saru disponibbli legalment għall-pubbliku fi żmien 70 sena mill-ħolqien tagħhom, il-protezzjoni għandha tintemm.

Article 2

Artikolu 2

Cinematographic or audiovisual works

Xogħlijiet ċinematografiċi jew awdjoviżivi

1. The principal director of a cinematographic or audiovisual work shall be considered as its author or one of its authors. Member States shall be free to designate other co-authors.

1. Id-direttur prinċipali ta’ xogħol ċinematografiku jew awdjoviżiv għandu jkun ikkunsidrat bħala l-awtur tiegħu jew wieħed mill-awturi. L-Istati Membri għandhom ikunu ħielsa li jaħtru lil ko-awturi oħrajn.

2. The term of protection of cinematographic or audiovisual works shall expire 70 years after the death of the last of the following persons to survive, whether or not these persons are designated as co-authors: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for use in the cinematographic or audiovisual work.

2. Id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni ta’ xogħlijiet ċinematografiċi jew awdjoviżivi għandu jintemm 70 sena wara l-mewt ta’ l-aħħar mill-persuni li ġejjin li jkunu baqgħu ħajjin, sew jekk dawn il-persuni jinħatrux jew le bħala ko-awturi: id-direttur prinċipali, l-awtur ta’ l-i screenplay, l-awtur tad-djalogu u l-kompożitur tal-mużika maħluqa speċifikament biex tintuża fix-xogħol ċinematorgrafiku jew awdjoviżiv.

Artikolu 3

Article 3

Dewmien ta’ drittijiet relatati

Duration of related rights

1. Id-drittijiet ta’ l-artisti għandhom jiskadu 50 sena wara d-data tal-wirja. Madankollu, jekk l-iffissar ta’ wirja jkun ippubblikat legalment jew ikkomunikat legalment lill-pubbliku f’dan il-perijodu, id-drittijiet għandhom jiskadu 50 sena mid-data ta’ l-ewwel pubblikazzjoni bħal din jew l-ewwel komunikazzjoni bħal din lill-pubbliku, liema minnhom tkun l-ewwel.

1. The rights of performers shall expire 50 years after the date of the performance. However, if a fixation of the performance is lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public within this period, the rights shall expire 50 years from the date of the first such publication or the first such communication to the public, whichever is the earlier.

2. Id-drittijiet tal-produtturi ta’ fonogrammi għandhom jiskadu 50 sena wara li jkun sar l-iffissar. Madankollu, jekk il-fonogramm ikun legalment ippubblikat jew legalment ikkomunikat lill-pubbliku matul dan il-perijodu, id-drittijiet għandhom jiskadu 50 sena mid-data ta’ l-ewwel pubblikazzjoni bħal din jew l-ewwel komunikazzjoni bħal din lill-pubbliku, liema minnhom ikun l-ewwel.

2. The rights of producers of phonograms shall expire 50 years after the fixation is made. However, if the phonogram is lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public during this period, the rights shall expire 50 years from the date of the first such publication or the first such communication to the public, whichever is the earlier.

3. Id-drittijiet tal-produtturi ta’ l-ewwel iffissar ta’ film għandhom jiskadu 50 sena wara li jsir l-iffissar. Madankollu, jekk il-film ikun ippubblikat legalment jew ikun komunikat legalment lill-pubbliku matul dan il-perijodu, id-drittijiet għandhom jiskadu 50 sena mid-data ta’ din l-ewwel pubblikazzjoni jew l-ewwel komunikazzjoni bħal din lill-pubbliku, liema minnhom tkun l-ewwel. It-terminu "film" għandu jfisser xogħol jew xbiehat jiċċaqilqu ċinematografiċi jew awdjoviżivi, kemm jekk ikunu akkumpanjati mill-ħoss sew jekk le.

3. The rights of producers of the first fixation of a film shall expire 50 years after the fixation is made. However, if the film is lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public during this period, the rights shall expire 50 years from the date of the first such publication or the first such communication to the public, whichever is the earlier. The term 'film' shall designate a cinematographic or audiovisual work or moving images, whether or not accompanied by sound.

4. Id-drittijiet ta’ l-organizzazzjonijiet tax-xandir għandhom jiskadu 50 sena wara l-ewwel trasmissjoni, sew jekk din ix-xandira tkun trasmessa bil-wajer jew jekk bl-ajru, inklużi bil-cable jew satellita.

4. The rights of broadcasting organizations shall expire 50 years after the first transmission of a broadcast, whether this broadcast is transmitted by wire or over the air, including by cable or satellite.

Artikolu 4

Protezzjoni ta’ xogħlijiet mhux pubblikati qabel

Article 4

Kull persuna li, wara l-iskadenza tal-protezzjoni tad-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur, għall-ewwel darba tippubblika legalment jew tikkomunika legalment mal-pubbliku xogħol mhux ippubblikat qabel, għandha tibbenefika mill-protezzjoni ekwivalenti għad-drittijiet ekonomiċi ta’ l-awtur. It-tul ta’ protezzjoni ta’ dawn id-drittijiet għandu jkun 25 sena minn meta x-xogħol ikun ippubblikat l-ewwel darba jew komunikat legalment lill-pubbliku.

Protection of previously unpublished works

Artikolu 5

Any person who, after the expiry of copyright protection, for the first time lawfully publishes or lawfully communicates to the public a previously unpublished work, shall benefit from a protection equivalent to the economic rights of the author. The term of protection of such rights shall be 25 years from the time when the work was first lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public.

Pubblikazzjonijiet kritiċi u xjentifiċi

L-Istati Membri jistgħu jipproteġu pubblikazzjonijiet kritiċi u xjentifiċi ta’ xogħlijiet li jkunu ġew fl-isfera pubblika. Id-dewmien massimu ta’ protezzjoni ta’ dawn id-drittijiet għandu jkun 30 sena minn meta l-pubblikazzjoni kienet legalment ippubblikata għall-ewwel darba.

Article 5

Artikolu 6

Critical and scientific publications

Protezzjoni ta’ fotografiji

Member States may protect critical and scientific publications of works which have come into the public domain. The maximum term of protection of such rights shall be 30 years from the time when the publication was first lawfully published.

Fotografiji li huma oriġinali fis-sens li huma l-ħolqien intellettwali ta’ l-awtur innifsu għandhom ikunu protetti skond l-Artikolu 1. L-ebda kriterji oħra m’għandhom ikunu applikati biex jistabbilixxu l-eliġibilità tagħhom għall-protezzjoni. L-Istati Membri jistgħu jipprovdu għall-protezzjoni ta’ fotografiji oħra.

Artikolu 7

Article 6

Protezzjoni rigward pajjiżi terzi

Protection of photographs

1. Fejn il-pajjiż ta’ oriġini ta’ xogħol, fit-tifsira tal-Konvenzjoni ta’ Berna, huwa pajjiż terz, u l-awtur tax-xogħol mhuwiex ċittadin tal-Komunità, id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni mogħti mill-Istati Membri għandu jiskadi fid-data ta’ skadenza tal-protezzjoni mogħtija mill-pajjiż ta’ oriġini tax-xogħol, iżda ma jistax jaqbeż id-dewmien stipulat fl-Artikolu 1.

Photographs which are original in the sense that they are the author's own intellectual creation shall be protected in accordance with Article 1. No other criteria shall be applied to determine their eligibility for protection. Member States may provide for the protection of other photographs.

2. Id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni stipulati fl-Artikolu 3 għandhom japplikaw fil-każ ta’ detenturi tad-drittijiet li mhumiex ċittadini tal-Komunità, kemm-il darba l-Istati Membri jagħtuhom protezzjoni. Madankollu, mingħajr preġudizzju għall-obbligi internazzjonali ta’ l-Istati Membri, id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni mogħti mill-Istati Membri għandu jiskadi mhux aktar tard mid-data ta’ skadenza tal-protezzjoni mogħtija fil-pajjiż li tiegħu d-detentur tad-drittijiet huwa ċittadin u ma jistax jeċċedi d-dewmien stipulat fl-Artikolu 3.

3. L-Istati Membri li, fid-data ta’ l-adozzjoni ta’ din id-Direttiva, b’mod partikolari skond l-obbligi internazzjonali tagħhom, ikunu taw dewmien itwal ta’ protezzjoni minn dak li jirriżulta mid-disposizzjonijet, imsemmija fil-paragrafi 1 u 2 jistgħu jżommu din il-protezzjoni sal-konklużjoni tal-ftehim internazzjonali dwar id-dewmien tal-protezzjoni bid-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur jew drittijiet relatati.

Article 7

Artikolu 8

Protection vis-à-vis third countries

Stima ta’ dewmien

1. Where the country of origin of a work, within the meaning of the Berne Convention, is a third country, and the author of the work is not a Community national, the term of protection granted by the Member States shall expire on the date of expiry of the protection granted in the country of origin of the work, but may not exceed the term laid down in Article 1.

Id-dewmien stipulati f’din id-Direttiva huma stmati mill-ewwel jum ta’ Jannar tas-sena ta’ wara li l-każ ikun seħħ.

2. The terms of protection laid down in Article 3 shall also apply in the case of rightholders who are not Community nationals, provided Member States grant them protection. However, without prejudice to the international obligations of the Member States, the term of protection granted by Member States shall expire no later than the date of expiry of the protection granted in the country of which the rightholder is a national and may not exceed the term laid down in Article 3.

Artikolu 9

3. Member States which, at the date of adoption of this Directive, in particular pursuant to their international obligations, granted a longer term of protection than that which would result from the provisions, referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 may maintain this protection until the conclusion of international agreements on the term of protection by copyright or related rights.

Drittijiet morali

Din id-Direttiva għandha tkun mingħajr preġudizzju għad-disposizzjonijet ta’ l-Istati Membri li jirregolaw id-drittijiet morali.

Article 8

Artikolu 10

Calculation of terms

Applikazzjoni fil-ħin

The terms laid down in this Directive are calculated from the first day of January of the year following the event which gives rise to them.

1. Fejn dewmien ta’ protezzjoni, li jkun itwal mid-dewmien li jikkorrispondi mad-dewmien li hemm provdut dwaru b’din id-Direttiva, ikun diġà għaddej fi Stat Membru fid-data msemmija fl-Artikolu 13(1), din id-Direttiva m’għandhiex ikollha l-effett li tqassar id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni fi Stat Membru.

2. Id-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni li hemm provdut dwarhom f’din id-Direttiva għandhom japplikaw għax-xogħlijiet kollha li huma protetti f’għall-inqas Stat Membru wieħed, fid-data msemmija fl-Artikolu 13(1), skond id-Disposizzjonijet nazzjonali fuq id-drittijiet ta’ l-awtur jew drittijiet relatati jew li jissodisfaw il-kriterji għall-protezzjoni skond id-Direttiva KEE/92/100.

Article 9

3. Din id-Direttiva għandha tkun mingħajr preġudizzju għal kull att ta’ sfruttament imwettaq qabel id-data msemmija fl-Artikolu 13(1). Stati Membri għandhom jadottaw id-disposizzjonijet meħtieġa biex jipproteġu b’mod partikolari drittijiet miksuba ta’ pajjiżi barranin.

Moral rights

4. L-Istati Membri mhumiex meħtieġa japplikaw id-disposizzjonijet ta’ l-Artikolu 2(1) għal xogħlijiet ċinematografiċi u awdjoviżivi maħluqin qabel l-1 ta’ Lulju 1994.

This Directive shall be without prejudice to the provisions of the Member States regulating moral rights.

5. L-Istati Membri jistgħu jistabbilixxu d-data minn meta għandu japplika l-Artikolu 2(1), kemm-il darba dik id-data ma tkunx aktar tard mill-1 ta’ Lulju 1997.

Artikolu 11

Article 10

Adattament tekniku

Application in time

1. L-Artikolu 8 tad-Direttiva KEE/91/250 huwa b’dan imħassar.

1. Where a term of protection, which is longer than the corresponding term provided for by this Directive, is already running in a Member State on the date referred to in Article 13 (1), this Directive shall not have the effect of shortening that term of protection in that Member State.

2. L-Artikoli 11 u 12 tad-Direttiva KEE/92/100 huma b’dan imħassrin.

2. The terms of protection provided for in this Directive shall apply to all works and subject matter which are protected in at least one Member State, on the date referred to in Article 13 (1), pursuant to national provisions on copyright or related rights or which meet the criteria for protection under Directive 92/100/EEC.

Artikolu 12

3. This Directive shall be without prejudice to any acts of exploitation performed before the date referred to in Article 13 (1). Member States shall adopt the necessary provisions to protect in particular acquired rights of third parties.

Proċedura ta’ notifika

4. Member States need not apply the provisions of Article 2 (1) to cinematographic or audiovisual works created before 1 July 1994.

L-Istati Membri għandhom minnufih jinnotifikaw lill-Kummissjoni b’kull pjan governattiv biex tagħti drittijiet relatati ġodda, inklużi r-raġunijiet bażiċi għall-introduzzjoni tagħhom u d-dewmien ta’ protezzjoni prevista.

5. Member States may determine the date as from which Article 2 (1) shall apply, provided that date is no later than 1 July 1997.

Artikolu 13

Disposizzjonijet ġenerali

Article 11

1. L-Istati Membri għandhom idaħħlu fis-seħħ il-liġijiet, regolamenti u disposizzjonijet amministrattivi meħtieġa biex ikunu konformi ma’ l-Artikoli 1 sa 11 ta’ din id-Direttiva qabel l-1 ta’ Lulju 1995.

Technical adaptation

Meta l-Istati Membri jadottaw dawn id-disposizzjonijet, għandu jkollhom fihom riferenza għal din id-Direttiva jew għandhom ikunu akkumpanjati b’din ir-riferenza fil-ħin tal-pubblikazzjoni uffiċjali tagħhom. Il-metodi li jagħmlu din ir-riferenza għandhom ikunu stipulati mill-Istati Membri.

1. Article 8 of Directive 91/250/EEC is hereby repealed.

L-Istati Membri għandhom jikkomunikaw mal-Kummissjoni t-test tad-disposizzjonijet tal-liġi nazzjonali li huma jadottaw fil-qasam irregolat minn din id-Direttiva.

2. Articles 11 and 12 of Directive 92/100/EEC are hereby repealed.

2. L-Istati Membri għandhom japplikaw l-Artikolu 12 mid-data ta’ notifika ta’ din id-Direttiva.

Artikolu 14

Article 12

Din id-Direttiva hija indirizzata lill-Istati Membri.

Notification procedure

Member States shall immediately notify the Commission of any governmental plan to grant new related rights, including the basic reasons for their introduction and the term of protection envisaged.

Magħmula fi Brussel, fid-29 ta’ Ottubru 1993.

Għall-Kunsill

Article 13

Il-President

General provisions

R. Urbain

1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Articles 1 to 11 of this Directive before 1 July 1995.

[1] ĠU C 92, tal-11.4.1992, pġ. 6 uĠU C 27, tat-30.1.1993, pġ. 7.

When Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at the time of their official publication. The methods of making such a reference shall be laid down by the Member States.

[2] ĠU C 337, tal-21.12.1992, pġ. 205 uDeċiżjoni tas-27 ta’ Ottubru 1993 (għadha mhix ippubblikata fil-Ġurnal Uffiċjali).

Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field governed by this Directive.

[3] ĠU C 287, ta’ l-4.11.1992, pġ. 53.

2. Member States shall apply Article 12 from the date of notification of this Directive.

[4] ĠU L 122, tas-17.5.1991, pġ. 42.

[5] ĠU L 346, tas-27.11.1992, pġ. 61.

Article 14

--------------------------------------------------

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 29 October 1993.

For the Council

The President

R. URBAIN

(1) OJ No C 92, 11. 4. 1992, p. 6 and

OJ No C 27, 30. 1. 1993, p. 7.

(2) OJ No C 337, 21. 12. 1992, p. 205 and

Decision of 27 October 1993 (not yet published in the Official Journal).

(3) OJ No C 287, 4. 11. 1992, p. 53.

(4) OJ No L 122, 17. 5. 1991, p. 42.

(5) OJ No L 346, 27. 11. 1992, p. 61.